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New Perspective on the Resilience of SMEs
Proactive, Adaptive, Reactive from Business
Turbulence: A Systematic Review
Supardi
Department Of Management
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus, Kudus, Indonesia
Supardi@umkudus.ac.id
Syamsul Hadi
Department Of Management
Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Syamsul.hadi@ustjogja. ac.id
Abstract – Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how is the perspective of SMEs business resilience in
the field of business and management. It is to answer the phenomenon of the resilience of the SMEs sectors in anticipating,
facing, and rising from business turbulence caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology–Using a systematic review method
of 2,642 articles published from 2011 to 2020 (last ten years). Finding –Interpreting the results using inductive content analysis,
this paper successfully analyzes definitions focusing on SMEs business resilience and outlines the new perspective of a
conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework configuration can enhance the conceptualization of SMEs resilience
comprehensively and contribute to the business and management literature. Originality– This paper includes as the first paper in
conducting a systematic review about the definition of business resilience and conceptual framework in the SMEs sector.
Keywords –business resilience, responsiveness, adaptive resilience, Small and Medium Enterprises, systematic review.
I. INTRODUCTION
The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected various sectors of the economy, including the micro, small
and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector. SMEs usually have resilience when economic problems occur.
Unfortunately, the limitation of economic activities to social restrictions causes the ability of SMEs to face turmoil
to become greatly limited. SMEs have resilience and been once a “hero” to the public when the 1997-1998 monetary
crisis occurred in Indonesia, while the larger sectors could not survive. Now SMEs are at the forefront of crises
because all the people are limited to do activities outside the home. Not only SMEs, also economic activities in the
corporate sector have been disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic. The disruption of business activities will even
reduce the business performance, therefore the companies make layoffs and face the threat of bankruptcy (mulyani,
2020), some of these have even gone bankrupt because they are unable to survive (Humas LPDB-KUMKM, 2020).
This pandemic has shifted the strategic objectives of many organizations from “profit-seeking” to “search for
resilience” both absorptive and adaptive resilience (Baggio et al., 2015; Conz&Magnani, 2019).
In the business world, Resilience is understood as a crisis management and business continuity, as well as
responding to all types of risks that organizations may face, ranging from cyberspace threats to natural disasters, and
many others (www.itgovernance.co.uk, 2020). In addition, to overcome the consequences of major incidents,
business resilience is related to the organization's ability to adapt to the environment and new circumstances after
the incident. The current literature still requires deep collaboration and understanding to decipher the pseudo-field in
business resilience (Hadi et al., 2019). This paper tries to dig up all information with the keywords “Resilience and
SMEs” in general in April 2020 in the e-resources.perpusnas.go.id service, there are 2,642 academic article
publications, growing quickly starting in 2011 (last ten years).
The growth of article publications regarding business resilience is quite high as much as 2,642 in the last 10
years, but the conceptualization and definition of the term are still clustered. According to a study by Baggioet.al.
(2015) who identifies resilience in various research fields, however, the definition of resilience in the management
and business literature is still unclear. Besides, most research has focused on the system resilience (Hosseini et al.,
2016), supply chain (Ambulkar et al., 2015), destination (Williams et al., 2020), also the study by Conz & Magnani
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
Volume XII, Issue V, 2020
ISSN No : 1006-7930
Page No: 1265
(2019) who conducted review only until 2017. This makes the researchers who intend to conduct the research
related to the business resilience topic will have some questions that might be unanswered recently, therefore it
creates ongoing confusion in the field. A systematic review focusing on SMEs business resilience is necessary to be
done and it becomes the right moment in 2020 to rejuvenate the concept and definition of business resilience by
focusing only on SMEs.
This paper refers to the previous phenomenon about SMEs business resilience and contributes to the
argumentation about resilience in the business and management field, as well as in the organizational justice (Hadi,
Tjahjono, &Palupi, 2020; Linnenluecke, 2017) by answering the research questions on how is enterprise resilience
defined and conceptualized in the field of business and management? Therefore, we conduct a systematic review
from the articles published from 2011 to 2020 about SMEs business resilience, analyze the definition of the articles
selected critically, and outlines the conceptual framework of SMEs business resilience.
II. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Data Source
The data source and protocol determination in the systematic review uses the reference of Hadiet.al. (2019) in his
book “Systematic Review: Meta Sintesis Untuk Riset Perilaku Organisasional” and from Gough et.al. (2012) about
“an introduction to systematic reviews”. This systematic review uses relevant articles that are appropriate to the
topic of this study and conducts article searching using digital big data from e-resources.perpusnas.go.id which has
32 digital library nowadays. This paper uses digital library which has data of management and business field
including Ebsco Host, Proquest, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Emerald insight, Taylor & Francis. No
consensus that state the rules of how many digital library can be used, and of the last number of years of the data
should be used in the systematic review study (Hadi, Tjahjono, El Qadri, et al., 2020), as a result, this paper
determines 6 previous digital library, in the range of the past 10 years (2011-2020). This paper uses reference
management of ZOTERO as the assistant in organizing citations and bibliography.
The process of searching in the systematic review applies operator Boolean logic of “Or”, “And”, and “Not’ as
the combination of the keywords determined that is “resilience” and the keywords related to SMEs including:
“SME”, “SMEs”, and “Small and medium-sized enterprises”. The keyword searching in the digital library is done
several times to increase the reliability of this research. Each digital library is unique in the process of searching
such as Ebsco Host (TX All Text, Publication Date 2011-2020, and Source Types Academic Journals), Proquest
(Anywhere, all combinations of keyword, Publication Date 2011-2020, and Source Types Scholarly Journals),
Science Direct (Publication Date 2011-2020, and Source Types Research articles), Wiley Online Library
(Anywhere, Publication Date 2011-2020, and Source Types Journals), Emerald insight (Title, Publication Date
2011-2020), Taylor & Francis Online (Anywhere, Publication Date 2011-2020). Finally, this paper identified 2,642
potentially relevant articles and then they were filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion protocol of
systematic (Hadi et al., 2019). The inclusion and exclusions of this study are as follows:
a. The articles are published from 2011 to 2020 in 6 previous digital library. The type of publication includes
conference, book, newspaper, unpublished work, etc. is excluded.
b. The titles of the research that is not relevant to the topic of business resilience and with the keywords are
excluded by using advance search (N= 2.586)
c. The articles are published in English in the management and business field. The studies related to the other
fields are excluded (N=0).
d. The articles in the digital library that are not with complete text/ any limitations to getting the article are
excluded (N=5) and when it has been found a duplicate of the articles (N= 11)
e. Discussing explicitly the SMEs business resilience, if they do not state the strict definition of resilience,
they are excluded (N=3).
f. Articles are empirical studies and exclude non-empirical study articles (N=14).
Then from the results of recapitulation of inclusions and exclusions, articles in this systematic review can be seen
in Figure 1. summarizing and describing the flow of systematic reviews using Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) developed by Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, and The
PRISMA Group (Moher et al., 2009).
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Figure 1. Information Flow of Systematic Review
2.2. Descriptive Analysis
The articles obtained from a digital library by using keywords “resilience” and “SME” and “SMEs” and “Small
and Medium-Sized Enterprises” were 2,642 articles distributed from 2011 to 2020 (cut off 24th April 2020). The
increasing of the articles in the past 10 years significantly shows that there is a big interest in the SMEs business
resilience topic. Meanwhile, the articles to be the candidate to the deep review phase from 2011 to 2020 are 23
articles published heterogeneously by 7 well-known publishers including Taylor & Francis, Inderscience Publishers,
Emerald Group Publishing, Royal Society Publishing, Wiley, Elsevier, and Springer Publishing. This heterogeneity
shows the wide-open opportunity. In figure 2, it can be seen that in 2019 the articles were increasing related to the
topic of SMEs business resilience. The 2020 data is only until April 2020 and is likely to continue to increase
beyond 2019. Overall, a substantial diversity of publications requires special studies to understand the knowledge
that is still inherent in each article. While the biggest contribution from SMEs business resilience articles is from the
United Kingdom with 9 articles, see Figure 3.
Figure 2. Graphic of article distribution from 2011 to 2020
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Distribusi
Ebsco Host (115)
Proquest (732)
Science Direct (221)
Wiley Online (416)
Emerald (564)
Total of Article Population (2.642)
))
After deleting irrelevant articles
titles (56)
Irrelevant titles of advance search (2.586)
Published in non-English Language ( 0 )
Incomplete texts (5)
Deleting articles duplication with ZOTERO
(11)
Irrelevant abstracts ( 3 )
Non-empirical Researches ( 14 )
Articles in English (56)
Articles in full texts
(40)
Articles included in the phase of
data synthesis ( 23 )
identification
Screening
Eligibility
Included
Taylor & F. (593)
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Figure 3. Graphic distribution of articles published in parts of the world
2.3. Analysis of Inductive Content
The content analysis process in this paper follows trusted guidelines from Bengtsson (2016), dan Roller (2019)
so that the results of this study are reliable and valid. The stage begins by reading the article several times to
understand the essence of the data and explanation of each article to identify the definition of SMEs business
resilience delivered by the author. Then, it is conducted analyzing articles using inductive qualitative content
analysis methods that aim to describe a phenomenon that occurs, and this method is most appropriate when the
research literature is quite limited (Azungah, 2018; Erlingsson& Brysiewicz, 2017).
This inductive qualitative content analysis specifically conducts (a) Communicative validity by building
interpretation communities among the authors in analyzing each definition of SMEs business resilience during the
induction process, (b) Pragmatic validity, by asking other researchers who are unfamiliar with the theme of business
resilience to test their knowledge resulted in action, (c) Transgressive validity, by realizing conceptual framework
that is taken for granted and looking for possible contradictions and differences, (d) Reliability, by maintaining
objectivity throughout the inductive analysis conducted in research (Conz&Magnani, 2019).
III. RESULTS
3.1 Continuation of Resilience: before, during and after turbulence
From the analysis of the article content, it shows that the business resilience of SMEs has different attributes
along a continuum: before, during, and after the turbulence. The definition of SMEs business resilience is coded
inductively by recognizing the categories owned by each article in the form of nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Thus,
this article identifies “alertness”, “readiness”, and “preparedness” as sub-categories included in the company's
proactive resilience category at the time (t -1), before an event occurs. “Changing”, “sustaining” and “adapting” are
the attributes of the adaptive SMEs business resilience that the company has in adapting to an event at the time (t)
when the event occurs. Whereas “Responding”, “surviving”, “returning”, and “bounce back”, are sub-categories that
define the SMEs business resilience category as the company's reactive attributes at the time (t + 1), after the event
occurs. Then it cumulatively shows the above sub-categories called dynamic business sustainability of SMEs
(Conz&Magnani, 2019). Table 1. The results of the article analysis below show the phases before, when, and after
the event occurred on the SMEs business resilience, the author of the article, the year of publication, and the
definition of each article.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Article
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Table 1. Categories of resilience, selected references and definitions listed
according to the corresponding temporal phase
Phase
Authors
Year
Original Definition
Resilience as proactive attribute
t-1
Adekola & Clelland
2019
The specific arrangements in place to respond to natural hazards or
other emergencies in terms of “safeguards,” “preparedness” and “the
unexpected,” as well as post‐event recovery (United Kingdom Country)
t-1
Conz et al.
2015
The ability of a system to retain its equilibrium and avoid shocks (Italy
Country)
t-1
Demmer et al.
2011
Continuously anticipating and reacting to deep, secular trends that can
permanently damage the earning prowess of a core business (United
States)
t-1
Sullivan-Taylor
&Branicki
2011
The fields of business continuity, crisis and disaster management
(United Kingdom Country).
Resilience as absorptive/adaptive attribute
t
Alberti et al.
2018
The ability to survive and successfully compete in a turbulent business
environment (Italy Country)
t
Duarte Alonso
&Bressan
2015
The persistence of systems and of their ability to absorb change and
disturbance and still maintain the same relationships between
populations or state variables” (Italy Country)
t
Gray & Jones
2016
Ability to adapt /survive and flourish, or learn lessons and start again
(United Kingdom Country)
t
Gunasekaran et al.
2011
Adaptability, responsiveness, sustainability and competitiveness in
evolving markets through a flexible workforce, strategic managerial
thinking, top management support and technology (United States
Country)
t
Herbane
2018
Adaptive process and capacity of an organisation to address major acute
and strategic challenges through responsiveness and reinvention to
achieve organizational renewal.(United Kingdom Country)
t
Iborra et al.
2019
Experimentation, response, adaptation, flexibility, but also things
captured by terms like reliability, continuity, safety, stability or
adjustment (Spain Country)
t
Ismail et al.
2011
Desirable characteristic of firms that operate in turbulent environments
(United Kingdom Country)
t
Pal et al.
2014
Flexible and adaptable behavioral characteristics prove to be key
enablers of SME resilience (Sweden Country)
t
Rahman & Mendy
2018
Identifying, Adapting challenges faced by firms and what types of
behaviours are required by individual members so as to enhance
survival in turbulent environments. (Bangladesh Country)
t
Tognazzo et al.
2016
Resilience refers to an organization’s capacity to adjust to challenging
conditions like environmental shocks and emerge from them
strengthened and more resourceful (Italy Country)
Resilience as reactive attribute
t+1
Branicki et al.
2018
The resilience of SMEs, or their ability to cope with significant external
threats and shocks, they observed opportunities for renewal and
reinvention (United Kingdom Country)
t+1
Coates et al.
2019
The adaptation ability of an organization to return to a stronger state
post-disturbance (United Kingdom country)
t+1
Sauser et al.
2018
The adaptive capacity of the SME to meet and achieve priorities and
goals in order to absorb or limit disruptions while retaining service
continuity (e.g., stay in business) recovery (United Kingdom country)
t+1
Wedawatta&
Ingirige
2012
Adaptation of SMEs against the risk of flooding, enabling them to
prevent and/or limit adverse impacts of flooding on their business
activities (United Kingdom country) experience
t+1
Zehrer&Leib
2019
A key trait and relates to a combination of internal (e.g. development of
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a desirable personal identity, experiences of power and control,
adherence to cultural traditions, experiences of social justice and
experiences of a sense of cohesion with others) and external contextual
factors (e.g. access to material resources and access to supportive
relationships) (Asutria Country)
Resilience as dynamic attribute
Process
Ali et al.
2017
The adaptive capability of the supply chain to prepare for unexpected
events, respond to disruption and recover from them by maintaining
continuity of operations at the desired level of connectedness and
control over structure and function (Australia Country)
Process
Asamoah et al.
2020
Resistance component represents the ability of a system to minimize the
impact of a disruption by evading it entirely, recovery capacity
concerns the ability of a system to return to functionality once a
disruption has occurred (Ghana Country)
Process
Chan
2011
A trait of an organisation to thrive in a dynamic and volatile business
environment (China Country)
Process
Halkos&Skouloudis
2019
The ability of business organizations to become more resilient to floods
(i.e. to withstand, to adapt to, and to quickly recover) (Greece country)
From 23 articles, 4 articles adopted the definition that refers to resilience as an attribute owned by a company
before an event occurs (t-1), 10 articles adopt the definition that refers to resilience as an attribute owned by the
company when an event occurs (t), 5 articles the definition that refers to resilience as an attribute owned by the
company after an event occurred (t + 1), and 4 articles adopted the definition that refers to resilience as an attribute
owned by the company together, the following Figure 4 shows the four phases.
Figure 4. Shows the four phases of events before, during, after, and dynamic.
3.1.1. SMEs business resilience before the event occurs (t-1)
Conceptualization of SMEs business resilience as an attribute owned by the company before an event occurs as
much as 17% of articles indicate the capabilities needed to have by the company to respond to unexpected events.
Adekola & Clelland (2019) define SMEs business resilience as special arrangements that are applied to respond to
natural hazards or other emergencies in terms of “protection”, “preparedness”, and “unexpected”, and “post-event”
recovery. Sullivan-Taylor & Branicki (2011) emphasize the SMEs business resilience as a process of business
continuity, crisis, and disaster management. Conz et al. (2015) explain the SMEs business resilience as the ability of
a system to maintain its balance and to avoid shocks. Meanwhile Demmer et al. (2011) compare SMEs business
resilience as anticipating behavior and reacting to deep secular trends that can permanently damage core business
stability.
The explanation above refers to individual and collective creativity, which can develop resilience resources that
are more survive to produce the more responsiveness and resilience of all turbulence both internal and external. Not
only creativity that is needed but also the capability of dynamic competitiveness and application to organizational
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Sebelum peristiwa
terjadi ( t-1 )
Saat peristiwa
terjadi ( t )
Sesudah peristiwa
terjadi ( t+1 )
Peristiwa dinamis
Artikel
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culture are also needed as a result it can follow unexpected environmental developments collectively and easily. To
show how creativity can emerge and what it has to do with SMEs business resilience, this requires further research.
3.1.2. SMEs business resilience when the event occurs (t)
The focus of conceptualization of SMEs business resilience as an attribute owned by the company when an event
occurs (t) has 43% of articles that generally describe: (a) SMEs business resilience related to responsiveness to
phenomena that occur related to both internal and external factors, as a consequence in maintaining business
stability. (b) SMEs business resilience related to adaptation to external turbulence factors as a result, the company
makes internal changes to its resources or its newness so that it can reduce turbulence that occurs.
Alberti et al. (2018) define SMEs business resilience when the event occurs as the ability to survive and to
successfully compete in the business environment, meanwhile, Duarte Alonso & Bressan (2015) describes SMEs
business resilience as the persistence of the system and the ability to absorb change and disruption and still maintain
the same relationship. Gray & Jones (2016) emphasize the ability to adapt/survive and develop, or to learn from
phenomena that occur and start with better readiness. Gunasekaran et al. (2011) call SMEs business resilience as the
ability to adapt, do responsively, sustainably, and competitively in the developing market through the flexible
workforce, strategic managerial thinking, top management support, and technology. Herbane (2018) refers to the
process and adaptive capacity of an organization to overcome an acute and strategic challenge through
responsiveness and reinvention to achieve the organizational renewal. Iborra et al. (2019) call SMEs business
resilience as an experiment, response, adaptation, flexibility, but also matters related to reliability, continuity, safety,
stability or adjustment, and being in a turbulent environment (Ismail et al.,2011). Pal et al. (2014) emphasize the
characteristics of flexible and adaptable behavior have been proven to be a major driver of SME resilience. Rahman
&Mendy (2018) also explain the identification, adaptation, and challenges faced by the company and what types of
behavior are needed by individual members to improve survival in a turbulent environment. The last is Tognazzo et
al. (2016) emphasizing that SMEs business resilience refers to the capacity of organizations to adapt to the
challenges of conditions such as environmental shocks and it will create innovation if it can respond and adapt
during turbulence.
Therefore, the more agile, innovative, and flexible the organization in adapting to the external environment, the
more able SMEs to quickly adjust its business processes, strategies, which can build resilient responses to turbulence
that befalls the organization. This paper does not determine whether SMEs business resilience when (t) is responsive
or adaptive, but only provides a broad definition that identifies resilience as an attribute owned by SMEs when a
turbulence event occurs.
3.1.3. SMEs business resilience after the event occurs( t+1 )
SMEs business resilience after an event occurs (t+1) has 22% articles which generally explain and define
resilience as an attribute owned by the company in carrying out the process of stabilization and revitalization to
create business balance, respond to changes, maintain or reconfigure business processes after the event occurs at the
time (t +1). Branicki et al. (2018) explain SMEs business resilience after an event occurs as the ability to overcome
significant external threats and shocks and observe opportunities for renewal and reinvention. Meanwhile, Coates et
al. (2019) define it as an organization's adaptability to return to the stronger post-turbulence state of the business.
Sauser et al. (2018) emphasize the adaptive capacity of SMEs to achieve business priorities aimed at absorbing or
limiting turbulence while maintaining the sustainability of products and services in business, as well as recovery
efforts that are closely related to internal business processes (such as self-development, control systems,
organizational culture, organizational justice and cohesion with others) and externals (such as access to material
resources and access to existing supply chains) (Zehrer&Leiß, 2019). Wedawatta & Ingirige (2012) emphasize that
the adaptation of SMEs to force major risks allows them to prevent and or to limit the adverse impact of force major
on their business activities.
Various definitions of SMEs business resilience series in this paper describe resilience as the perception of
“reviving” or recovering into a state of equilibrium as previous or even better because it has been through a process
of survival or adaptive at the time the turbulence occurs until it has an initiative strategy to carry out the recovery,
where the phenomenon is unexpected. In general, the article above focuses on defining resilience as the ability to
cope with, and to respond to, as a change without providing an insight about the way either from the point
maintaining balance or of the resource configurations in achieving new equilibrium, where successful resource
configurations are a consequence of the new environmental conditions.
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3.1.4 SMEs business resilience as a dynamic attribute
As many as 17% of the articles define SMEs business resilience as a company's responsiveness and adaptation
before, during, and after turbulence occurs. The emphasis is on the dynamic aspects of SMEs business resilience.
Several articles show resilience as a process of corporate dynamism over changes in the external environment which
certainly has consequences for the business processes. Therefore the company's task is to absorb various turbulence
turmoil to develop the response of existing situations specifically to accelerate a transformative process to utilize
disturbing turbulence. Ali et al.(2017) explain that SMEs business resilience as a dynamic attribute has an adaptive
ability in the supply chain to be ready to face unexpected events, to respond to disruptions, and to recover them by
maintaining the continuity of the company's relationships, structure, and functions. Asamoah et al. (2020) describe
the component of resistance as representing the ability of a system to minimize the impact of a disturbance by
avoiding it completely, while the recovery capacity is related to the system's ability to return to function after the
disturbance has occurred. As a result, the company can develop in a dynamic and fluctuating business environment
(Chan, 2011). Halkos & Skouloudis (2019) also stress that the company must further enhance the adaptive capacity
and enduring power of business organizations to become more resistant to any kind of turbulence.
From the analysis of the definition above, it explicitly explains that organizations must have the perspective of
resilience as the ability to continue to grow and develop in the face of worrying, harmful, and deadly business
turbulence in an external environment that never stops developing.
3.2. Conceptual framework of SMEs business resilience
Various studies on business resilience from various scientific fields continue to grow with the keywords of
business resilience and SMEs produce as many as 2,642 articles, and this number is quite a lot. Academics and
practitioners must be more careful in adopting the concept of business resilience to avoid “garbage in” and “garbage
out”. Many terms are used interchangeably in various fields of science that are developing, however, there is no
clear definition of SMEs business resilience and it only adopts from referring to the most quoted writings. The
articles in this systematic review are from various countries including Italy, the US, UK, South coast, Spain,
Sweden, Bangladesh, Australia, Ghana, China, Greece, and unfortunately even no country that has a strict definition
even more if related to the country differences. This has implications at the level of analysis because the definition
often comes in turn from the conceptualization of resilience, especially business resilience for SMEs. To overcome
those weaknesses, this paper proposes the definition of SMEs business resilience as the dynamics of company
resilience starting from (a) the proactive phase of anticipation (before the “ t-1 ” turbulence), (b) the responsive and
adaptive phase (when the “ t ” turbulence occurs), (c) the reactive phase (after the turbulence occurs “ t + 1”). A
proactive resilience is an antecedent of responsiveness and adaptive, while responsiveness and adaptive ability have
consequences for the company's reactive ability.
The content of each article analysis used raises important configurations for proposing a conceptual framework
(see Figure. 5) and can be used as future research empirical studies. The conceptual framework identifies the process
directly from the proactive phase, the responsive and adaptive phase, and the reactive phase. Then the direction of
the process reverses from the reactive phase to the proactive phase, as a result, the rhythm will always rotate.
Figure 5. Conceptual Framework of SMEs business resilience
Proactive Phase
Responsive & Adaptive Phase
Reactive phase
Responsiveness to customer's
needs
Responsiveness to
competitors' strategies
Multi sourcing
Public-private collaboration
Capability to selfrenew over
time through innovation
Business confidence
Internal factors
Organizational Behaviour
Managerial Characteristics
Social approach
Employee well being
Business certifications
Vertical Integration
Training & Development
Quality Management
Risks of downsizing and
redundancies
Enabling factors
Technology
Generation of Capital
Supply Chain Integration
Location & Marketing
External factors
Globalization
Have the adaptive
capacityto learn, be able
to generateideas and
solutions toproblems
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The conceptual framework above explains the antecedents that may have significant or even insignificant
influence when conducted empirical studies in the field. However, Ali et al. (2017), Demmer et al. (2011),
Gunasekaran et al. (2011), Gray & Jones (2016), Pal et al. (2014) and Rahman & Mendy (2018) supports
configuration of this conceptual framework part by part. This paper configures the analysis results of the articles
used in this systematic review so that it is likely to cover theoretical gaps that have not been mapped. The significant
contributions are: (a) making the conceptual framework explicitly related to SMEs business resilience, (b)
describing the antecedents’ pathway from the proactive phase, the responsive and adaptive phase, and the reactive
phase, as well as the feedback loop between the reactive phase and the proactive phase. Companies can adopt this
framework for the business process changes that have high flexibility from turbulence in an uncertain business
environment.
Ali et al. (2017) reveal that the majority of business resilience risks come from the internal factors in the
supply chain, thus requiring a strong supply chain collaboration. The level of resilience, barriers, and risks varies
greatly in SMEs according to their size (small vs. medium). It is not enough for the company to focus only on the
supply chain, as revealed in the study of Demmer et al.(2011) who emphasizes that SMEs must have a perspective
on how to reform, and the implementation of the renewal strategy and an evaluation process to ensure a balance
between steps that can increase company revenue and continue to motivate performance. It also relates to the social-
cultural of the organization (Rahman &Mendy, 2018). Since the key to the resilience and competitiveness of SMEs
is influenced by the progress in the operations, technology, and globalization strategies (Gunasekaran et al., 2011).
Therefore to achieve this, the development and training that focus on collaboration and learning have a direct
positive effect on the company and a long-term effect related to building overall business trust (Gray & Jones,
2016). SMEs are indeed interesting, the consortium's support shows that SMEs resilience and performance are better
in turbulence (Ali et al., 2017; Hadi, 2020).
IV.CONCLUSION
An increase in the number of articles needs to be accompanied by a systematic review to see the gap of various
articles on a particular topic and it can be used as a basis for further theoretical and empirical development in the
field. Such as the topic of SMEs business resilience that still loses the conceptualization of the term. Thus many
studies often use the definition of resilience from contextual and different levels of analysis, as a result, overlapping
concepts of SMEs business resilience occur.
The conceptual framework in this paper is formulated using inductive qualitative methods from selected articles.
Therefore it needs to be evaluated since the model does not take into account the heterogeneity of potential
environmental conditions that might be a threat or change the balance of the company, but rather more generally
refers to all ‘events’ related to changes, shocks, a trauma that change the balance of the company. By conducting
future research, we believe it can help in developing a stronger understanding of corporate resilience since this
model builds on the inductive process.
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