RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF WILDLIFE OF BALOCHISTAN

Full text

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sc
iences
Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 4813-4846, June 2019
Online ISSN: 1920-3853; Print ISSN: 1715-9997
Available online at www.cjpas.net
Special Article
RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF
WILDLIFE OF BALOCHISTAN
*Syed Ali Ghalib1, Muhammad Zaheer Khan1, Ubaid Ullah1, Roohi Kanwal1, Afsheen Zehra1, Saima Siddiqui1,
Darakhshan Abbas1, Ghazala Yasmeen1, Babar Hussain2 and Abdur Razzaq Khan3
1Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270
2IUCN-Pakistan, 1 Bath Island Road Karachi
3Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited, Karachi
ABSTRACT
Field surveys were undertaken from 2015 to 2019 in major ecological zones of the Balochistan province to collect data
on the distribution and status of its wildlife. Based on five years field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species
of birds, 120 species of reptiles and seven species of amphibians were documented. The present study gives an update
list of Wildlife Protected Areas of the Province, the list of Threatened/Near-threatened species, the important wildlife
hotspots, important ecotourism sites and key/peculiar of wildlife species. In regard to the Threatened/Naer-threatened
species of wildlife, among mammals four species are Endangered (EN), eight species are Vulnerable (VU) and three
species are Near-threatened (NT). Among birds, two species are Critically Endangered (CR), four species are EN, three
species are Vulnerable and 15 species are Near-threatened. Among reptiles, one species is Critically Endangered, one
species is Endangered and six species are Vulnerable. The threats along with Protected Areas Management issues have
also been identified and Priority Actions for the conservation and management of wildlife and its habitats have been
suggested. The achievements made so far in the Province have been highlighted for awareness of the scientific
community and for appreciating the commendable efforts in the Province made so far.
Keywords: Wildlife of Balochistan, protected areas of Balochistan, ecotourism sites, threatened wildlife species, key
species.
INTRODUCTION
Balochistan, with an area of 350,000 sq. km, is the largest
province while it has the lowest population of 0.7
millions. It consists of 32 districts and contains the coastal
area of about 800 km (Fig. 1). The geographical
coordinates include 24.32N and 60.70E. The mountainous
ranges exist in the eastern and northern part of province.
Mountains of about 7000 ft height are also found. While,
Valleys are situated above 1500 m of sea level.
In regard to the variety of biodiversity, this province is
quite rich in wildlife. Three National Parks, 14 Wildlife
Sanctuaries, and six Game Reserves are present in the
Province for the protection and conservation of wild
species (Govt. of Balochistan and IUCN, 2000).
Much work on the wildlife of Balochistan has been
previously done which includes Ahmed and Ghalib
(1979), Ahmed et al. (1992, 1993, 2011), Ahmed (2003,
2013), Ali et al. (2018), Ali et al. (2012), Arshad et al.
(2002), Azam (2004), Balochistan Forest and Wildlife
Department (2006), Begum et al. (2013, 2016), Ghalib et
al. (1997, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008), Ghalib and Hasnain
(1997, 1999), Gore et al. (2012), Government of
Balochistan and IUCN-Pakistan (2000), Groombridge
(1987), Grimmett et al. (2008), Iffat (1998), IUCN-
Pakistan (2017), Javed and Azam (2005), Kanwal et al.
(2018), Karki (2016), Khan (2002), Khan (2006, 2008,
2010), Khan and Siddiqui (2011), Khan et al. (2004,
2010), Khurshid et al. (1995), Kiani and Waerebeek
(2015), Mian (1997), MMF Pakistan (2018), Nawaz
(1984), Pandrani et al. (2005), Rasool and Hasnain (2008,
2009), Rehman and Theodore (2005), Roberts
(1984,1991, 1992, 1998), Sarwar et al. (2016), Shafiq and
Barkati (2002), Shafiq et al. (2002), Shaikh and Molour
(2004), Siddiqui et al. (2008), Van Gils and Baig (1992)
and Waqas et al. (2011). In this study period, from 2015
*Corresponding author e-mail:
drghalib14@gmail.com

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4814
to 2019, we documented recent observations on the
distribution and current status of the wildlife of
Balochistan as well as highlighted the efforts and needs
for conservation and management of wildlife in the
Province.
Fig. 1. Map of Balochistan showing Districts in the Province.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Techniques used for Survey of Mammals
There are several techniques used for survey and
observation of mammals. Methods which were adopted
for the current study included Track Counts, Point
Surveys, Roadside Counts, Line Transects, Strip Census
and Pellet Counts.
Track Counts
Track count is an important technique used for
identification of many species. Specifically nocturnal
animals can easily be traced by track count method. The
rainy season sometimes becomes supportive as old tracks
diminish while the new tracks can easily be identified.
Track count method was adopted during the survey in
selected areas.
Point Surveys
In this method, different points were selected as the
observation points for the wildlife. It becomes easier if
that point is present on high elevation as it became easy to
record the status of wildlife. Mostly, the time duration
varies from one hour to five hours for observation.
Different habitats can be selected for different
observations. Dawn and dusk time were found suitable for
the implementation of point count method.
Roadside Counts
As large mammals can easily detect the human presence
by their strong sense of smell so it is not an easy task to
easily approach them by entering their territory. So Road
side count is much safer technique for the observation of
large mammals. Brower et al. (1990) used this technique

Ghalib et al.
4815
as the researcher passed through the road side on some
vehicle and sighted the number of species. The road side
count technique was adopted to study the large mammals
from the roads/ highways. Many different species of
mammals were sighted including Foxes, Jackals, Cats and
Mongooses. A vehicle was used to survey the study areas
on a very slow speed to create the least disturbance in
their natural habitat. The time of dawn and dusk were
selected for these surveys.
Line Transects
Line Transect method is the most common technique used
by various researchers to study the wild animals. A
transect line is set to observe the transferring animals.
Time has also been recorded for their sighting. Distance
has also been estimated between the sighted animal and
the observer. The total number of individuals of various
species was collated by recording the number of sighted
animals.
This technique was adopted during the surveys for
observing the large mammals like Ibex, Urial and
Chinkara. The surveys of marine mammals were done by
boats. Different boats of different sizes were used for
marine survey. The speed of boats were kept below 12
knots, while the transact area was observed from both
sides of the boats. Two people worked as observers while
one person worked as a recorder. Binoculars were used
for the observations.
Pellet Counts
Pellet Counts Technique is also a very helpful tool during
the survey for wildlife. Fecal material of various species
can act as their identifying tool as well as for providing
information about status of the species.
Spot Light Method
Spot light method was used to detect the nocturnal
animals including Hare, Porcupine, Hedgehog, Fox, Wild
Cat and Jackal.
Recording of Fresh Holes and Tracks
According to Brower et al. (1990) the holes and tracks
method can be used to determine the range and status of
small mammals. Fresh holes and tracks were counted in
the study area of one sq. km, for the purpose.
Techniques used for Survey of Birds
Extensive fields surveys were used to record the
migtratory and resident birds. Line Transect method and
Point Survey methods were used for bird fauna in bays,
coastal, terrestrial and mountainous areas. Field
equipments and field guides were used for identification
of bird species.
Techniques used for Survey of Reptiles and Amphibians
Visual Surveys
Visual survey method was used to identify the presence of
turtles in specific locations. This technique facilitates the
study of population richness, type of habitat and species
identification.
Line Transact Method
Line transacts method was used for reptile surveys.
Suitable sampling areas were selected and transact walks
were made to record the data.
Plot Searching
Plot searching is an important technique to study the
population of reptiles and amphibian. This included the
plot searching in main habitats of reptiles and amphibians.
Indirect Data Collection
Indirect record of occurrence of species was made by
noting the presence of signs like tracks, den or tunnels
(egg lying excavation), impressions of foot prints, or tail,
presence of fecal pallets and information which was
collected by indirect ways including the interviews of
associated people like fishermen, wildlife officials,
traders, hunters and local communities together with
reviewing of the scientific published literature.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Reliable assessment of distribution and population status
of wild animals is a long-standing challenge in wildlife. In
this study, we conducted several detailed surveys during
2015-2019. Based on our five year field studies and also
taking into account the reliable secondary informations
species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians as
recorded from the Province were documented (Table 1).
Table 1.
Vertebrate
Fauna of Balochistan.
S.
No.
Group of animals
Number of species
recorded
1
Mammals
92
2
Birds
37
3
3
Reptiles
1
20
4
Amphibians
7
Mammals of Balochistan
Ninety two species of mammals were recorded in the
province (Table 11). Based on our findings Chiltan-
Hazarganji National Park, Hingol National Park (HNP),
Ziarat National Park, Qila Saifullah, Zhob, Noshki,
Chagai, Kharan and Khuzdar areas have been identified
as hotspots for wildlife in Balochistan.

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4816
Birds of Balochistan
373 species of birds have so far been recorded. Out of
which, 256 species are migratory and 117 species are
resident.
The potential bird areas of the province are: Chiltan/
Hazarganji, Ziarat and Hingol National Parks, Rakshan
Valley including Nag area, Chagai area, Zhob valley from
Qila Saifullah to Zhob, Makran Coast, Zangi Nawar lake,
Siranda Lake, Hub Dam, Saji Dam, Sonmiani, Bund
Khushdil Khan, Beroon Kirthar Canal, Marao Lake and
Astola Island. Zhob valley has been important for
Siberian Crane. Chagai and Kharan areas are important
for Houbara Bustard. A Houbara Research Rehabilitation
and Breeding Centre (HRRBC) has been established at
Kirchi, Nag Valley in district Kharan since 1999 by the
Houbara Foundation International Pakistan with the aim
to prevent unsustainable hunting, and to rescue Houbara
from trappers for rehabilitation in the wild, and to
restablish the population of Houbara in the Nag Valley.
Status of the Coastal Birds
The most common, widespread and dominant waterbirds
on the Coast are the waders or the shorebirds including
the gulls and terns. Majority of these birds are found in
shallow water habitats during the non-breeding period.
Nine species of birds have been recorded to be localized
over the coast. These include Red Breasted Merganser,
Marbled Duck, Black Stork, White Ibis, Glossy Ibis,
Sooty Gull, White Winged Black Tern, White-cheeked
Tern and Black shafted Ternlet.
Only three coastal sites on the Balochistan Coast now
support large concentrations of waterbirds. These are
Jiwani Coastal Area, Hingol National Park and Miani
Hor. Other sites such as Ormara, Pasni, Gwadar, Sur
Bandar, Khappar, Pishukan and Ganz have lost their
significance as important waterbird sites due to large scale
disturbance by developmental activities in the area.
In regard to the seasonal status of the coastal birds, 50
species were recorded as resident, while 83 species were
found to be migrants. Wilsons Storm Petrel, Crab Plover,
Great Crested Tem, Lesser Crested Tern and Sandwich
Tern were recorded as Year Round Visitors. Yellow-
wattled Lapwing and Blackshafted Ternlet were recorded
as Summer Breeding Visitors, while Sooty Gull, Common
Tern, White Cheeked Tern and Bridled Tern were
recorded as Summer Visitors and Yellow Wagtail was
recorded as Passage Migrant.
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in
Balochistan
In Balochistan, eight important Biodiversity Areas have
been identified (Table 2). The list may be further
expanded by addition of four such areas due to their
importance as significant wetland sites viz. Hub Dam
Wildlife Sanctuary, Ormara Turtle Beaches and Miani
Hor.
Table 2. List of IBAs in Balochistan
.
S.
No.
Area Name and Category
1
Hingol National Park, Lasbella, Gwadar, Awaran
2
Chilt
an
-
Hazarganji National Park, Quetta
3
Ziarat National Park, Ziarat
4
Juniper Wildlife Sanctuary, Ziarat
5
Ras Koh Wildlife Sanctuary,Chagai
6
Torghar Nature Sanctuary and the Shingar
Range, Zhob
7
Jiwani Beaches and Dasht Kaur, Gwadar
8
Zangi Nawar L
ake Game Reserve,Chagai
Prominent Bird Migrations in Balochistan
Eleven prominent and notable bird migrations have been
recorded in Balochistan (Table 3). They must be closely
monitored to find out the trends particularly in case of
Cranes and Buntings.
Table 3. Prominent Birds migration through Balochistan.
S.
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Seasonal Status
1
Blackheaded Bunting
Emberiza melanocephala
Common DPM
2
Red
-
headed Bunting
Emberiza burniceps
Abundant DPM
3
Redthroated Flycatcher
Ficedu
la parva
Very Common DPM
4
Common Crane
Grus grus
Prominent
PM
5
Demoiselle Crane
Grus virgo
Prominent
PM
6
Rufoustailed Rock Thrush
Monticola saxatilis
Abundant SPM
7
Bluecheeked Bee
-
eater
Merops persicus
Abundant SBV
8
European Bee
-
eater
Merops apia
ster
Widespread SBV
9
Eurasian Cuckoo
Cucculus canorus
Widespread SBV
10
Common
Chaffinch
Fringilla coelebs
Common WV
11
Finch
e
’
s Wheatear
Oenanthe finschii
Frequent WV
Legend: DPM= Double Passage Migrant, PM= Passage Migrant, WV= Winter Visitor, SPM= Spring Passage Migrant, SBV= Summer Breeding
Visitor

Ghalib et al.
4817
Brief account of Some Important Bird Species of the
Province
Three important groups of birds have been briefly
discussed below as being the species of high economic
importance and conservation values.
Cranes
Many groups of Cranes have been frequently seen in
extreme southern parts of Pakistan. The majority of the
cranes are seen on river Indus and on small rivers west to
Indus like Zhob, Luni, Kashu and Kurram, flowing
through the districts of Zhob, Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu,
and Parachinar. In the south, big flocks of Common
Cranes (Fig. 2) and Demoiselle Cranes have often been
recorded along the sea coast, during February and March,
while smaller groups are seen over small rivers and
streams in the interior of southern Balochistan, heading
towards North West.
Thousands of cranes are frequently seen in the districts of
Zhob, Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan during spring each
year Their entry point is located between Zaro and Anam
Bostan of Chagai District, which lies in the south-west
direction of famous Abe-Istada Lake and south east of
Kajaki dam of Afghanistan. These lakes are known for
harbouring cranes for various durations.
After entering Pakistan through the above point, the
cranes arrive in the vaste streches of arid, flat grounds,
often deserts, spread over hundreds of square kilometers.
Since extremely arid in nature, vegetation in most of this
area is very sparse while it is non-existent in certain
portions. In some places, sand dunes could also be seen
but more prominently, around a wetland, called Zangi
Nawar Lake. The arial distance of the wetland from the
entry point in Pakistan is about 50 km.
Zangi Nawar Lake consists of 32 natural sections of
water, all interconnected through small water channels,
enclosing islands of various sizes. Some of these islands
are bare sand dunes, while others have good vegetation of
trees like Tamarix sp. Such islands are trhe preferred
nesting sites of a variety of resident bird species and are
used for as resting place for migratory cranes (Roberts,
1984).
Cranes are known to local inhabitants as a very common
feature of the area. Many of them still remember the sites
where huge congregations of cranes used to occur. The
number, though drastically declined over the last decades,
still ranges in thousands. Unfortunately, bird shooting on
Zangi Nawar has forced the cranes to use alternate sites.
The most popular flyway for the Demoiselle Crane passes
through Zhob district. Qamar Din Karez is another
staging area for Demoiselle Cranes located close to
Pakistan-Afghanistan border. It is locally believed that
cranes, that do not stop at Umer Zai, stay here. The cranes
do not stop on any of these places during the autumn
migration.
Fig. 2. Flock of Common Cranes (Photo Credit: Mirza Naim Beg).

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4818
Sooty Falcon
Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor) is peculiar to Hingol
National Park as a summer breeder in the Aghor area of
the Park and it is in need of special attention for its
conservation. It is a rare summer breeder along the
Makran Coast from Ormara westward. The breeding
season is July-September/October. Sooty Falcons are
known to breed in mid-May at the mouth of Hingol River
in HNP.
Saker Falcon
Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) locally known as Chargh or
Saqar is a species which affects desert and semi-desert
biotope. It had been recorded as a frequent winter visitor
from Tajikistan and Afghanistan, but now it has almost
been extirpated from the province due to heavy trapping.
Houbara Bustard
There is a vast plain area in Hingol National Park by the
side of the Coastal Highway near Phor Naddi (25º 30' 37.
8'' N, 65º 51' 00.3'' E). It is the main habitat of Houbara
Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii) (Fig. 3) in the area
(Ghalib et al., 2008). Wintering Houbaras arrive in
Pakistan via Afghanistan, from mid September-
December. The Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis
macqueenii) wintering population visiting western
Balochistan comes from Kazakistan. Return migration
takes place in February-March and by March most of the
birds have gone back. Chagai and Kharan are the most
favourite areas for these birds in Balochistan.
Houbara meat is also considered as an aphrodisiac. A ban
on Houbara hunting was imposed by the Supreme Court
in 2015. The Federal and the Provincial Governments
challenged the decision before a larger bench of Supreme
Court that lifted the ban in January 2016.
Fig. 3. Houbara Bustard (Photo Credit: Shumail Larik).

Ghalib et al.
4819
Reptiles of Balochistan
As many as 120 species of reptiles have so far been
recorded from Balochistan (Table 12) comprising of six
main groups (Table 4).
Amphibians of Balochistan
Seven species of amphibians have so far been recorded
from Balochistan including three Frog and four Toad
species (see Table 15).
Table
4. G
roups and number of species
in each group
of reptiles recorded
.
S.
No.
Main Groups
Number of Species
recorded
1
Marine Turtles
05
2
Fresh Water T
urtles
02
3
Tortoise
01
4
Marsh Corcodile
01
5
Lizards
64
6
Snakes
Poisonous Snakes
Marine Snakes
11
47
Te
rrestrial Snakes
08
Non
-
poisonous
Snakes
28
Protected Areas in Balochistan
There are three National Parks, 14 Wildlife Sanctuaries
and six Game Reserves, in Balochistan (Table 5). Torghar
area in Qila Saifullah is the stronghold of Straight horned
Markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni).
Other Areas
There are five Private Game Reserves mainly for Ibex and
Urial. Balochistan Black Bear was previously reported
from two such areas viz. Gaj Kolachii and Lahindo in
Khuzdar.
Table 5. Wildlife Protected Areas of Balochistan.
S.
No
Name
District
Area
Year
Established to Protect
National Parks
1
Hazarganji
National
Park
Quetta and
Mastung
67759
Acre
1980
Chiltan Wild Goat
2
Hingol
National
Park
Lasbella,
Gwadar and
Awaran
619043
ha
1988 and
1997
Sindh Ibex, Urial, Chinkara, Marsh Crocodile,
Green Turtle, Houbara Bustard, Dalmatian
Pelican, Plumbeous Dolphin , Mahseer
3
Ziarat
National
Park
Ziarat
41936
Acre
2018
Junpier Forest
Wildlife Sanctuaries
1
Ziarat
Ziarat
37247
ha
1971
Markhor and Urial
2
Sasana Mana
Ziarat
6607 ha
1971
Juniper Forest
3
Chorani
Khuzdar
19433
ha
1972
Black Bear, Ibex, and Urial
4
Shashan
Khuzdar
29555
ha
1972
Ibex and Urial
5
Kachau
Khuzdar
21660
ha
1972
Urial
6
Kolwa Kap
Awaran
33198
ha
1972
Chinkara
7
Ras Koh
Kharan
99498
ha
1962
Ibex and Urial
8
Raghai
Rakshan
Kharan
125425
ha
1972
Urial
9
Buzi
Makhola
Gwadar
145101
ha
1972
Ibex, Urial, and Chinkara
10
Khurkhara
Lasbella
18345
ha
1972
Chinkara

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4820
11
Maslakh
Qi
la Abdullah
4655
9
ha
1968
Urial and Chinkara
12
Koh
-
e
-
Gishk
Kalat
24356
ha
1983
Ibex, Urial and
Chinkara
13
Gut
Chagai
165992
ha
1983
Ibex, Urial, and Chinkara
14
Bund
Khushdil
Khan
Pishin
1296 ha
1983
Water birds
Game Reserves
1
Gogi
Harnai
10364
ha
1962
G
ame Birds
2
Wam
Harnai
3887 ha
1962
Game Birds
3
Kambran
Chagai/
Dalbandin
211433
ha
1983
Ibex, Urial and Chakor
4
Duzdara and
Koh-e-Surko
Mastung
2351 ha
1999
Wild animals
5
Dureji
Lasbella
178259
ha
1998
Ibex, Urial, Chinkara and Marsh Crocodile
6
Z
awa
r K
han
Pishin
2619
Acre
1963
Markhor and Urial
Private Game Reserves
1
Dher
Bolan
Traditional
use
Ibex and Urial
2
Harpursi
Kalat
Traditional
use
Ibex and Urial
3
Gaj Kolachii
(Kinjoo)
Khuzdar
Traditional
use
Black Bear, Ibex and Urial
4
Lohindo
Khuzdar
Traditional
use
Black Bear
5
Tobati
Kalat
Traditional
use
Ibex and Urial
Community Conservation Areas
1
Torghar
Qila Saifullah
1985
Straight
-
horned Markhor
Brief Description of the National Parks of Balochistan
Chiltan-Hazarganji National Park
It is located about 20 km southwest of Quetta. The habitat
consists of Chiltan range of hills, with the highest peak at
3264 m, falling steeply to stony screes at the eastern end
of the park at 2000 m. Dotted with juniper at higher
elevations, and at their foot with scattered Pistachio and
Mountain Ash (Fraxinus xanthoxyloides), Artemisia and
dramatic yellow globes of Ferula oopoda.
Birds species recorded in Hazarganji National Park are
See-see and Chukar Patridges, Europian Bee-eater, Pallid
Scops Owl, Eurasian Nightjar, Red-rumped Swallow,
Bay-backed Shrike and Desert Finch. At higher elevations
there is a small population of Yellow-billed Chough.
Detailed studies on the ecology and fauna of Chiltan-
Hazarganji National Park have been undertaken.
Hingol National Park (HNP)
Hingol National Park covers an area of about 619, 043 ha
located in Lasbella, Awaran and Gwadar districts. It was
declared as a National Park in 1997.
With a variety of ecosystems such as sea shores, hilly
areas, desert, sand dunes, rivers, croplands, water bodies
and the mountainous ranges. There are two mud volcanos
also present in Haro range including Chandragup mud
volcano and Khandewari mud volcano.
Archeological and historical such as Nani Mandar and
Princess of Hope are also located here. There are many
hotspots in the Hingol National Park which include Ras
Malan, Hingol River Estuary, Hingol River, Central
Hingol, Hinglaj Area, Sapat, Sanguri, Dhrun, Kukeri
Bhent and Rodaini Kacho.
Grimmett et al. (2008) reported different species of birds
in Hingol National Parks including Pallid Swift, Black-
bellied Sandgrouse, Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse (Fig. 4),

Ghalib et al.
4821
Sooty Falcon, Brown-necked Raven, Hooded Wheatear,
Chestunt-shouldered Petronia, Dalmatian Pelican, Great
White Pelican, Laggar Falcon, Eurasian and Hobby and
Finsch’s Wheatear.
Fig. 4. Chestnut bellied Sandgrouse in Hingol National Park.
Fig. 5. A view of the way to Hinglaj Mandir in HNP.
Site of Religious Importance in HNP
Hinglaj is one of the most important Hindu Pilgrim
distinations located inside the Hingol National Park (Fig.
5) about 20 km from the Makran Coastal Highway
accessible from the Aghor. The name Hingol is derived
from Hingula (Sindhoor) of the Goddess Sati. Hinglaj is
believed to be the place where dismembered goddess head
with its Hingol Sindhoor vermallion fell (Balochistan
Forest and Wildlife department, 2006).
Ziarat National Park
Ziarat National Park is located 96 km west of Quetta. This
is a high altitude valley, situated about 2400 m, with the
highest nearby peak Mount Kaliphat at 3945 m. A climax
habitat, which comprises of open-canopy tall juniper
forest with flowering Tulips, Foxtail Lilies and purple
tussocks of Onobrychis sp in summer. There is some
deciduous fruit cultivation in the valley.
Birds of the area are summer breeding Eurasian Scops
Owl, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Mistle Thrush, Spotted
Flycatcher, Black Redstart, Lesser Whitethroat, Eurasian
Rock Nuthatch, Eurasian Crag Martin, Sulphur-bellied
and Plain Leaf Warblers, Fire-fronted Serin, White-
winged Grosbeak, Common and Red-mantled Rosefinche
and White-capped Bunting.

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4822
Ramsar Sites in Balochistan
There are five Ramsar Sites in Balochistan (Table 6).
There are also other important sites for the birds such as
Bund Khushdil Khan, Zanginawar and Siranda Lakes
being notable sites for supporting large concentration of
waterbirds during winter. The population of waterbirds
has declined considerably during the past seven years due
to drought in the province and degradation of wetlands.
Waterbirds have been previously recorded on these
wetlands during the Asian Waterbirds Census (AWC)
conducted each year in Pakistan. As these censuses have
not been regularly conducted for a long period of time,
hence the latest data on waterbirds are missing. Recently
some studies have been undertaken on the Astola Island
which is a Ramsar Site as well as a Marine Protected Area
(MPA). Thus useful data on the biodiversity of this site
have been collected. This wetland site is now being
studied and managed on priority basis. Other Ramsar
Sites such as Hub Dam, Jiwani Coastal Wetland, Miani
Hor and Ormara Turtle Beaches are degraded and need to
be revisited and managed properly.
Table 6. Ramsar Sites in Pakistan.
S. No. Ramsar Sites Province
1 Astola Island (Haft Talar) Balochistan
2 Jiwani Coastal Wetland Balochistan
3 Miani Hor Balochistan
4 Ormara Turtle Beaches Balochistan
5 Hub Dam
Balochistan
/Sindh
6 Deh Akro Sindh
7 Drigh Lake Sindh
8 Haleji Lake Sindh
9 Indus Delta Sindh
10 Indus Dolphin Reserve Sindh
11 Jubho Lagoon Sindh
12 Keenjhar Lake Sindh
13 Nurri Lagoon Sindh
14 Rann of Kutch Sindh
15 Tanda Dam KPK
16 Thanedar Wala KPK
17 Chashma Barrage Punjab
18 Taunsa Barrage Punjab
19 Uchhali Complex (incliding Khabbaki, Uchhali and Jahlar Lakes) Punjab
Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Balochistan
Astola Island has been declared as first Marine Protected
Area by Government of Balochistan on 15th June, 2017
(Kanwal et al., 2018). It is 25 km away from the coast of
Balochistan, covering an area of about 6.7 sq km. It is
considered as hotspot for nesting of Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle and migratory birds. Another fauna
includes the saw scale viper, ascidians and a large variety
of corals.
Subsequent surveys and detailed baseline studies were
conducted and data was published to highlight the
importance of the site (MFF Pakistan, 2018). Other
Marine wetland sites are being considered for designation
as Marine Protected Areas viz. Churna Island and Miani
Hor.
Potential MPAs Sites in Balochistan
The following three sites in Balochistan that may be
considered to be designated as MPAs in future.
1. Churna Island
It is a small unihabited island 1.2 km in length and 0.82
km in width located about 9 km west of the mouth of the
Hub River along the coast of Balochistan. Primarily, it is
a rocky island with diverse marine life including corals.
Because of its location near Karachi city, it is a popular
destination of snorkelers, scuba divers, cliff jumpers, jet
skiers, sport fishermen and picnickers.
2. Gwatar Bay
It is a trans-boundary bay situated on the coast of the
Sistan-Balochistan province of Iran and Balochistan
province of Pakistan. It is one of the largest embayments
along the entire coast of the two countries and covers an

Ghalib et al.
4823
area of around 1000 sq.km (including the adjacent
floodplains) and 64 km of coast. The area is biologically
and commercially important fishing site that provides
livelihood sources for the fishing communities. The area
is home to three species of marine turtles, as well as five
species of small cetaceans and numerous bird species.
3. Miani Hor
It is a lagoon located along the coast of Balochistan at a
distance of 90 km from Karachi. The average width of
this lagoon is 7 km, with a narrow and shallow connection
with the open sea. Due to its special significance for
migratory and resident birds this lagoon has been
decleared a Ramsar Site. It is the only habitat in Pakistan
where three species of mangroves, Avicennia marina,
Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal occur naturally.
This lagoon also provides a habitat for Humpback and
Bottle-nosed dolphins and variety of fish species.
Asian Waterbirds Census (AWC) in Balochistan
Asian Waterbird Census started in 1987 on major
wetlands. Useful data was collected mainly on 15
important wetlands of the province (Table 7). However,
the practice could not progress regularly and hence there
are now many gaps in the study.
Table 7. Important Wetlands of Balochistan with
reference to AWC.
S.
No.
Wetlands
1.
Akra R
iver Estuary
2.
Akra Kaur Dam
3.
Astola Island
4.
Beron Kirthar Canal
5.
Bund Khushdil Khan
6.
Dasht Hor
7.
Gwadar Beach
8.
Hingol Hor
9.
Jiwani Mangroves
10.
Kalmat
Hor
11.
Pasni Hor
12.
Ras Juddi
13.
Sonmiani / Damb
14.
Sur Bandar
15.
Zang
i Nawar Lake
Biosphere Reserve in Balochistan
A Biosphere Reserve is a site established under
UNESCO,s Man and Biosphere Programme to promote
sustainable development of conservation of biological and
cultural diversity.
Ziarat is located 127 km from Quetta at a height of 2445
meters Ziarat Juniper Forest was declared as a
Biosphere Reserve in 2013, covering an area of 1,11,852
hectares. It is globally significant as being vital for carbon
sequestration. It has core, transition and buffer zones.
Juniper is called Sanober in Urdu and Obusht in Pushto, it
is an enigmatic tree found in the upper regions of the
Ziarat Valley. The tree has many uses such as fuel wood,
manufacturing of pencils, as thatching materials, oil
extraction from the berries and as flavor base for drinks.
Some Important Coastal Biodiversity Sites of
Balochistan
There are four sites of high ecological and biological
values on the coast of Balochistan that deserve to be
studied and managed for the conservation of Wildlife of
the area on priority basis. These sites are described below:
Ormara
Ormara is situated in a similar position to Gwadar, i.e., on
a sandy strip of land, about 10 km long, connecting a
large mountain block (Ras Ormara), some 20 km long and
up to eight kilometers wide, with the mainland. This
structure, again as at Gwadar, defines an extensive bay on
each side, a west bay and an east bay, the former here
being particularly well-marked at its western end by the
cliffs of a low mountain ridge known as Kamgar, and the
eastern tip of a low coastal ridge, some 25 km long,
known as Ras Sakani. Both Bays are edged by contiuous
sandy beach, that of West Bay extending for about 24 km
between Ormara and Kamgar.
The signs of concentrated nesting are evident along the
beach at the foot of Kamgar Hills at the western end of
West Bay. The beach here is in parts somewhat steeper
ingradient than elswhere around the bay. It is also edged
by a near horizontal rocky foreshore platform for parts of
its length, and is backed at a distance of around 50-100
meters by the precipitous Kamgar cliffs. The nesting
beach extends for around 4 km in all, with the fishing
village of Tak being sited about a kilometer from its
southern limit.
The three kilometers stretch from Tak northward toward
Ormara has dense nesting along most of the beach. Large
number of Green turtles came ashore on the high tides
during March to September for nesting in the area. The
site also supports a large number of waterbirds such as
Oystercatchers, Avocets, Plovers, Sandpipers, Gulls and
Terns. It is a Ramsar site (Groombridge, 1987).
Gwadar
Gwadar town is situated on a wide sandy tract, about 10
km long, connecting the mainland with a large mountain
mass, three or four kilometers wide and 24 km long,
oriented parallel to the coast. This mountain block bears
several sandy coves and more extensive beaches around
its periphery. Some of these have turtles nesting sites such

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4824
as Chil Kassipp turtle beach, Link Koh and Pittak,
Kochoo, Committee, Shambo Pashi and Hablap.
Chil Kassipp, a cove beach, is a little more than one
hundred meters long located on the seaward side of the
Gwadar massif. Link Koh and Pittak run into each other
forming a beach that is 750 meters long to the east of Chil
Kassip, and similarly on the seaward side of the
mountain.
Jiwani
The Jiwani beach is of pure sand, moderately wide and
very gently sloping, with an indistinct platform at the
back of the beach. It extends for around 1.5 to 2 km, with
the cliff a meter or so high in the west and risking in an
eastward direction to perhaps 30- 40 m about halfway
along the beach. The light beacon is located at this point.
The cliff then ends abruptly and for the remainder of its
length the beach is backed by a low plain of sand with
scrubby vegetation and a muddy lagoon close to a rocky
promontory at the beach,s eastern limits. Turtles nest on
most of the beach except at each extremity, but
concentrated along the portion backed by cliffs.
Daran beach is located at a distance of 15 km south-east
of Jiwani town. Area of turtles nesting is 25° 02'.592'' N
and 061° 49'.109'' E. The area is divided into five regions,
from east to west, and is separated by cliffs, Daran Taak,
Shaheed Taak, Jangan Taak, Deedlo Taak and Charlo.
Green Turtles nest on sandy beach at the foot of the cliff.
The cliff is 1-2-meter-high in the west and rises up to 30 -
40 meters in the east. The beach at the foot of the cliff is
sandy and gently sloping. Daran village is the only
settlement in the area.
Jiwani Wetland Complex situated in the extreme south
western corner of Balochistan on the coast of Arabian Sea
is also an ecologically important area. It supports
mangroves, endangered marine turtles, marine mammals
such as finless porpoise, humpbacked and bottle-nosed
dolphins, marsh crocodiles and a variety of birds. A
Jiwani Conservation and Information Centre (JCIC) has
been established by WWF-Pakistan to conserve the
biodiversity of the area by establishing nurseries for
mangroves, protection of nesting sites of marine turtles,
field investigations to explore the extent and numbers of
migratory birds and enhancement of public awareness.
The Jiwani Coast provides important passage and
wintering habitats for the migratory waterbirds. It
provides ground to large flocks of Herring Gull (Larus
argentatus), Lesser Blackbacked Gull (Larus fuscus) and
limited nmber of Sooty Gull (Larus hemprichii). Arshad
et al. (2002) recorded 125 species of birds from Jiwani
Wetland Complex and Pandrani et al. (2005) recorded 81
species of waterbirds from this area. Pelicans, Flamingos,
Waders, Gulls and Terns are commonly seen in winter.
Migratory Ducks also visit the nearby water ponds and
reservoirs in the area in winter. See-see Partridge, Grey
Partridge and Sandgrouses are important game birds
being widely distributed and quite common. Jiwani
Coastal Wetland is also a Ramsar site.
Astola Island
It is a Ramsar site. It is situated at a distance of about 20
nautical miles east of Pasni. It is locally nown as Haft
Talar. Te maor portion of the island consists of rocky hills
which are about 200 m above sea level and cover an area
about 3 km in length and about 1 km in width. The
eastern portion of the cliff is mostly sandy and faces
continuous process of erosion by the strong wave action.
The coastline along the cliffs is a small area with sandy
cum rocky beach. The sandy area of the beach is the
nesting site for marine turtles as well as a staging and
wintering ground for the water birds. The upper plain area
of the island is also rocky cum sandy. Most of the area is
flat with some depressions and crevices towards the
northern edge of the cliffs (Govt. of Balochistan and
IUCN, 2000; MFF-Pakistan, 2018; Kanwal et al., 2018).
Astola Island once had the largest colony of Great Crested
Tern (Sterna bergii) and Sooty Gull (Larus hemprichii)
which has now been extirpated due to introduction of rats
to the Island (Fig. 6).
Grey Heron, Grey Plover, Black-tailed Godwit, Eurasian
Curlew, Little Stint, Herring Gull, Slender-billed Gull,
Crested Lark and Desert Warbler have been recorded
from this area. Quails are commonly reported during
September and October. Sooty Gull used to breed here
sometimes ago (Khurshid et al., 1995).
Potential Mangrove Areas
There are three potential mangrove areas along the
coastline at Miani Hor, Kalmat Khor and Guatar Bay
extending over 7750 acres, 5400 acres and 5000 acres,
respectively. The mangrove species recorded from the
Balochistan Coast are Avicennia marina from Kalmat
Hor, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and
Ceriops tagal from Miani Hor areas.
Peculiar Species of Balochistan
The following 15 species of mammals, 13 species of birds
and 5 species of reptiles have been recorded as peculiar or
species of particular interest being threatened/ localized/
indicator species (Table 8).

Ghalib et al.
4825
Fig. 6. A view of Gulls and Terns at Astola Island.
Ta
ble
8
. Peculiar
Wildlife
Species of Balochistan
.
S.
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Mammals
1
Balochistan Black Bear
Ursus thibe
t
anus gedrosinus
2
Marbled Polecat
Vormela peregusna
3
Leopard
Panthera pardus
4
Blanford’s Fox
Vulpus cana
5
Ruppell’s Fox
Vulpus rueppelli
6
Chiltan Wild Goat
Capra aegagrus chialtanensis
7
Goitered Gazelle
Gazella subguttorosa
8
Straight horned Markhor
Capra falconeri megaceros
9
Pika
Ochotona ruf
escens
10
Balochistan Pygmy Jerboa
Salpingotus michaelis
11
Small Five
-
toed Jerboa
Allactaga elater
12
Hotson
,
s five
-
toed Jerboa
Allactaga hotsoni
13
Greater Three
-
toed Jerboa
Jaculus blanfordi
14
Spinner Dolphin
Stenella longirostris
15
Humpback Wha
le
Megaptera nov
aeangliae

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4826
Birds
16
Sooty Falcon
Falcon concolor
17
Saker Falcon
Falco cherrug
18
Houbara Bustard
Chamydotis
macqueenii
19
Grey Hypocolius
Hypocolius ampelinus
20
Upcher
,
s Warbler
Hippolias
languid
21
Menetries Warbler
Sylvi
a mystacea
22
Bar
-
tailed Lark
Ammomanes
cinctures
23
Siberian Crane
Grus leucogerinus
24
Marbled Duck
Marmaronetta angustirostris
25
Brown Noddy
Anous stolidus
26
Little Owl
Athene noctua
27
Brown
-
necked Raven
Corvus ruficollis
28
Dead Sea Sparrow
P
asser moabiticus
Reptiles
29
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
30
Olive Ridley Turtle
Lepidochelys olivacea
31
Hawksbill Turtle
Ermochelys imbricate
32
Horned Viper
Cerastes cerastes
33
Saw
-
scaled Viper
Echis carinatus astolii
Balochistan Wildlife (Protection, Preservation,
Conservation and Management) Act- 2014
It is a very detailed Act for the Conservation and
management of the Wildlife of the Province. It was
passed in March, 2014. It has 96 articles and five
schedules.
1. It gives short title, preamble, definations,
giuiding principles
2. Administration
3. Prelimnary Protection of Wild animals
4. Hunting of Game Animals
5. Passession and display of wild animals
6. Wildlife Trade and Traffic
7. Protected Areas
8. Ex-situ Conservation
9. Multinational Environmental Agreements
(MEAs)
10. Community participation
11. Powers of the Government and Officers
12. Indemnity removal of difficulties and
punishment for offences under the Act
13. Miscellaneous duties
14. Trial of Offence Cases
15. Penalties and Punishment
16. Repeals and Savings
There are five schedules to the Act, as given below.
1. Game Animals
2. Lawful Possession of Wild Animals
3. Protected Animals
4. Ramsar Sites in Balochistan
5. Penalties and Punishment
Discrepancies in the Balochistan Wildlife Act- 2014
Species that have not been recorded so far from
Balochistan have been mentioned as ‘protected’ in
schedule III of the Balochistan Wildlife Act, 2014 these
include: Himalayan Rhesus Monkey, Indus Blind
Dolphin, Whitewinged Wood Duck, Pink-headed Duck,
Western Horned Tragopan, Himalayan Monal Pheasant,
Estuarine Crocodile, Gharial, Great Indian Bustard.
Indian Chameleon and Atlantic Ridley Turtle.
Threats
The major threats to the birds particularly the waterbirds
and wetland of Balochistan are hunting/ trapping/
poaching of birds, cutting / clearance of vegetation, large
scale fishing and partial reclamation of wetlands.
 Hunting/ Poaching
 Habitat Loss
 Fire wood collection
 Developmental activities particularly in the
coastal areas
 Drought
 Heavy rainfall/ floods
 Tsunami
 Coastal erosion
 Mining activities in the Protected Areas
Threatened/Near-threatened Species of Wildlife of
Balochistan
There are altogather 30 Threatened and 17 Near-
threatened species of mammals, birds and reptiles
documented (IUCN, 2019) (Table 9).

Ghalib et al.
4827
Table 9. Threatened/Near-threatened Species of Wildlife of Balochistan (IUCN, 2019).
S.
No.
Order
Family
Scientific Name
Common Name
IUCN
Status
Threatened/ Near
-
threatened Mammals
1
Pholidata
Manidae
Manis crassicaudata
Indian Pangolin/
Scaly Anteater
EN
2
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
B
alaenoptera musculus
Blue Whale
EN
3
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Sousa plumbea
Indian Humpback Dolphin
EN
4
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera physalus
Fin Whale
VU
5
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera pardus
Leopard or Panther
VU
6
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Vormela peregusna
Marbled Polecat
VU
7
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursus thibetanus
gedrosinus
Balochistan Black Bear
VU
8
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Ovis vignei blandfordi
Gad or Afghan Urial
VU
9
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus
Sind Wild Goat or Sind Ibe
x
VU
10
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus
chialtanensis
Chiltan Wild Goat or Chiltan
Markhor
VU
11
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Gazella subgutturosa
Goitered Gazelle
VU
12
Cetacea
Phocoenidae
Neophocaena
phocaenoides
Little Indian Porpoise or Finless
Porpoise
VU
13
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis manul
Pallas’s Cat
NT
14
Carnivora
Hyaenidae
Hyaena hyaena
Striped Hyaena
NT
15
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra falconeri
megaceros
Suleman Markhor or Straight
Horned Markhor
NT
Threatened/ Near
-
threatened Bi
rds
1
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Gyps bengalensis
Indian White
-
backed Vulture
CR
2
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Vanellus gregarious
Sociable Lapwing
CR
3
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Neophron percnopterus
Egyptian Vulture
EN
4
Charadriiformes
S
colopacidae
Calidris tenuirostris
Great Knot
EN
5
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco cherrug
Saker or Cherrug Falcon
EN
6
Otidiformes
Otididae
Sypheotides indica
Leekh or Lesser Florican
EN
7
Pelecaniformes
Pekecanidae
Pelecanus crispus
Dalmatian Pel
ican
VU
8
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aquila heliaca
Imperial Eagle
VU
9
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco concolor
Sooty Falcon
VU
10
Otidiformes Otididae
Chlamydotis
macqueenii Houbara Bustard
VU
11
Anseriformes Anatidae
Marmaronetta
angustirostris Marbled Teal/Duck
NT
12
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Aythya nyroca
Ferruginous Duck
NT
13
Ciconiiformes
Ciconiidae
Mycteria leucocephala
Painted Stork
NT
14
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae Gypaetus barbatus
Himalayan Beareded Vulture or
Lammergeier
NT
15
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aegypius monachus
Cinereous Vulture
NT
16
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Circus macrourus
Pale or Pallid Harrier
NT
17
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco jugger
Laggar Falcon
NT
18
Otidiformes
Otididae
Tetrax tetrax
L
ittle Bustard
NT
19
Charadriiformes
Burhinidae
Esacus recurvirostris
Great
Thick
-
knee
NT
20
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris testaceus
Curlew Sandpiper
NT
21
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Limosa limosa
Black
-
tailed Godwit
NT
22
Charadriiforme
s
Scolopacidae
Limosa lapponica
Bar
-
tailed Godwit
NT
23
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Numenius arquata
Eurasian Curlew
NT
24
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna aurantia
River Tern
NT
Threatened/ Near
-
threatened Reptiles
1
Chelonia
Cheloniidae
Eretmoch
elys imbricata
Pacific Hawksbill Turtle
CR
2
Chelonia
Cheloniidae
Chelonia mydas
Indian Ocean Green Turtle
EN

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4828
3
Chelonia
Cheloniidae
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead Turtle
VU
4
Chelonia
Chelonidae
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback Turtle
VU
5
Chelonia
Chelo
nidae
Lepidochelys olivacea
Olive Ridley Turtle
VU
6
Testudines
Testudinidae
Aspideretes gangeticus
Indian Softshell Turtle
VU
7
Testudines
Testudinidae
Testudo horsfieldii
Central Asian Tortoise
VU
8
Cr
o
codilia
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus palustris
Marsh/M
ugger Cr
o
codile
VU
Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, NT= Near-threatened
Protected Areas Management Issues
The following handicaps are noted while considering the
activities for protection and management of Protected/
Wildlife Significant Areas of Balochistan
.
1. Conservation and management of wildlife has
never been one of the primary objectives of the
planning process and plans.
2. There is a heavy pressure of industrial
development in most of the areas of the province
with negative impacts on wild lands and natural
habitats.
3. There is a heavy pressure of human population
growth in the natural habitats causing resource
use conflicts including land ownership issues.
4. There is lack of policy about provision of gas/
electric energy to the local communities who
have been depending mostly on the resources of
the natural areas for collection of firewood.
5. There is lack of resources for capacity building
of the Wildlife Department for wildlife
management and environmental monitoring of
the key species and their habitats.
Priority Actions Required
1. Special arrangements to manage turtle breeding
sites at Ormara/ Taq and Daran Beach.
2. Management of the degraded wetland sites such
as Bund Khushdil Khan, Zangi Nawar, Hannah
Lake, and Siranda Lake.
3. Special studies on Cheetah, Goitered Gazelle,
Chiltan WildGoat, Leopord, Wolf, Cetaceans,
Houbara Bustard, Siberian Crane, Saker Falcon,
Sooty Falcon, Mahseer, Corals and Mangroves.
4. Management of fisheries activities at Hub Dam.
5. Regular conduction of AWC on the important
wetlands of the province particularly on the five
Ramsar Sites.
6. Development of Management plans for the PAs
and the Ramsar sites.
7. Mitigation of the impact of developmental
activities related to China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC) in Balochistan.
8. Capacity building and Training of the
Balochistan Wildlife Department personnels.
9. Control on hunting, and Falcon trapping and
illicit wildlife trade.
10. Special care and protection to the endemic
species of small mammals.
11. Coastal protection and restoration at Jiwani,
Gwadar and Gadani due to coastal erosion.
12. Development of ecotourism at Hingol National
Park, Ziarat National Park, Chiltan-Hazarganji
National Park, Kund Malir, Hinglaj, Jiwani, Ras
Malan, Chandragup, Gadani, Gwadar, Sonmiani
and other historical and archeological sites of
Balochistan (Table 10).
Table 10. Archeological/ Historical/ Ecotourism sites in
Balochistan.
S.
No.
Site Name
1 Astola Island, Gwadar
2 Beloar and Loi
3 Bibi Nani
4 Buzi Pass/ Princess of Hope, Gwadar
5 Chandergup Volcanos, Gwadar
6 Chautair Valley, Ziarat
7 Churna Island, Hub
8 Dargah Aari Peer, Lasbella
9 Dargah Dewaney Shah, Lasbella
10 Dargah Hassan Peer on Sakran Road Hub, Lasbella
11 Dargah Peer Mubarak (Roomi
,
s Graveyard)
12 Dargah Shah Noorani, Lasbella/ Dureji
13 Dureji, Lasbella
14 Gokshat
15 Gondrani Caves/ Mai Gondrani/ Shehr-e-Roughan,
Lasbella
16 Hanna Lake, Quetta
17 Hannidaan
18 Harboi Mohammad Bin Haroon tomb, Kalat
19 Hingol River, Gwadar
20 Hinglaj/ Nani Mander
21 Kakkar Dam
22 Kali Devi Mandir, Gwadar
23 Khajoori
24 Khojak Pass, Chaman
25 Koh-e-murad, Turbat

Ghalib et al.
4829
26 Lasbella Graveyard, Lasbella
27 Mahargarh, Sibi
28 Mairi Kalat
29 Mazar Kharwari Baba, Ziarat
30 Pinjirah Pull
31 Pir Ghaib waterfall
32 Robert Sandeman Grave, Lasbella
33 Roomi Tomb (Hub), Lasbella
34 Sandeman Tangi
35 Sassi Punhoon Tomb, Lasbella
36 Spin Karez, Quetta
37 Spin Tangi. Quetta
38 Talaangah action Dam
39 Zeezri, Sibi
40 Ziarat Residency, Ziarat
Efforts/Achievements for Conservation of Wildlife in
Balochistan
We feel that good and substantive work has been done by
the Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department for the
conservation and management of Wildlife in the province.
The highlights are given below to acknowledge their
contribution in this regard:
1. The Balochistan Wildlife Conservation Act was
notified in 2014. It is a major achievement.
2. One of the major contributions to manage the
wildlife of Hingol National Park was to prepare
the (Draft) Management Plan of Hingol National
Park in 2003. Subsequently, development plans
for the improvement of the environment and
conservation and management of the key species
are actively underway.
3. It is a remarkable step to declare Ziarat National
Park to conserve the unique wildlife of the Ziarat
area.
4. It is a major achievement to establish Astola
Island as the First Marine Protected Area in
Pakistan.
5. The four Community Game Reserves viz.
Torghar, Dureji, Talooband and Shah Noorani
have been established to undertake successful
Community Based Trophy Hunting Programes in
the areas.
6. A refuge has been created in Zhob District for
the safeguard of Common and Demoiselle
Cranes.
7. Conservation of Green Turtle Programme has
been implemented at Jiwani.
8. Hunting fee for Houbara Bustard hunting has
been levied on the foreign hunting visitors.
9. The Balochistan Wildlife Department also
actively participated in the formulation of
National Vulture Conservation Strategy (Karki,
2016).
10. The Conservation Action Plan for Fresh Water
Turtles (IUCN, 2017) has been prepared with the
active collaboration of Balochistan Wildlife
Department.
11. The Balochistan Wildlife Department recently
took action to control illegal capture and
transportation of Black Bear and Common
Cranes in Balochistan.
Prime Minister's Green Pakistan Program
The Ministry of Climate Change and Ministry of Science
and Techonology with the cooperation of Space and
Upper Atmospheric Research Commission, Pakistan
(SUPARCO) have stepped upon unique longterm actions
for the conservation of forests and wildlife in the four
provinces, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Gilgit
Baltistan and Fedrally Administrated Tribal Areas
(FATA) since March, 2016.
Restoration of Internationally Renouned Seven National
Parks in Pakistan viz. Khunjerab National Park (Gilgit
Baltistan), Hingol National Park (Balochistan), Lal
Sohanra National Park and Salt Range Area (Punjab),
Margalla Hills National Park (Islamabad Capital
Territory), Kirthar National Park (Sindh), Chitral Gol
National Park (KPK) and Machiara National Park (AJK).
Checklist of Mammals of Balochistan
As many as 92 species of mammals have so far been
recorded (Table 11). These belong to eight Orders and 28
Families.
Table 11. Checklist of Mammals of Balochistan (IUCN, 2019).
S.
No.
Order
Family
Scientifi
c Name
Common Name
National
Status
IUCN
Status
1
Insectivora
Erinaceidae
Hemiechinus auritus
Afghan Hedgehog
LC
LC
2
Insectivora
Erinaceidae
Paraechinus micropus
Pale H
edgehog
LC
LC
3
Insectivora
Erinaceidae
Paraechinus hypomel
as
Brandt’s H
edgeho
g
LC
LC
4
Insectivora
Soricidae
Suncus e
truscus
Etruscan
Pygmy Shrew
LC
LC
5
Insectivora
Soricidae
Corocidura gmelini
Balochistan Short
-
tailed
Shrew
LC
LC
6
Insectivora
Soricidae
Corocidura zarudnyi
Zarudny’s Shrew
LC
LC

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4830
7
Chiroptera
Pteropidae
Rousettus egypticus
Egyptian Fruit Bat
VU
LC
8
Chiroptera
Pteropidae
Pteropus giganteus
Flying Fox
LC
LC
9
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma hardwickii
Lesser Mouse
-
tailed Bat
LC
LC
10
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Large Mou
se
-
tailed Bat
LC
LC
11
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma mu
scatellum
Least
Mouse
-
tailed Bat
NT
LC
12
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Greater Horse shoe Bat
VU
LC
13
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus macrotis
Big
-
eared Horse
shoe
Bat
NT
LC
14
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros fulvus
Fulvous Leaf
-
nosed Bat
LC
LC
15
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Triaenops persicus
Persian T
rident Bat
VU
LC
16
Chiroptera
Hipposideridae
Asellia tridens
Trident leaf
-
nosed Bat
EN
LC
17
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Myotis emarginatus
Geoffrey’s
Bat
E
N
LC
18
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus nasutus
Sind Bat/ Persian
Serotin
e
DD
LC
19
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus tenuis
Least
Pipistrelle
LC
LC
20
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Pipist
rellus kuhlii
K
u
h
l’s Pipisterelle
LC
LC
21
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Scotoecus pallidus
Yellow Desert Bat
NT
LC
22
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Scotophilus h
eathii
Greater
Yellow
House
Bat
LC
LC
23
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthe
ra pardus
Leopard or Panther
CR
VU
24
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis caracal
Caracal or Red Lynx
CR
LC
25
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis chaus
Jungle Cat
LC
LC
26
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis manul
Pallas’s Cat
NT
NT
27
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis margarita
Sand Cat or Dune Cat
CR
LC
28
Carnivor
a
Felidae
Felis
si
lvestris
Indian Desert Wild Cat
DD
LC
29
Carnivora
Herpestidae
Herpestes edwar
d
s
i
i
Indian Mongoose or
Indian Grey Mongoose
LC
LC
30
Carnivora
Herpestidae
Herpestes javanicus
Small Indian Mongoose
LC
LC
31
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
lupus
Indian Wolf
EN
LC
32
Carnivora
Canidae
Cani
s aureus
Indian
Jackal
NT
LC
33
Carnivora
Canidae
Vulpus bengalensis
Indian or Bengal Fox
NT
LC
34
Carnivora
Canidae
Vulpus cana
Bla
n
dford’s/ King Fox
NT
LC
35
Carnivora
Canidae
Vulpus rueppelli
Sand/
Rup
p
ell’s Fox
VU
LC
36
Carnivora
Canidae
Vulpus vulpus
Common Red Fox
NT
LC
37
Carnivora
Hyaenidae
Hyaena hyaena
Striped Hyaena
CR
NT
38
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursus thibe
tanus
gedrosinus
Balochistan Black Bear
CR
VU
39
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Martes fonia
Beech or Stone Marten
DD
LC
40
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Vormela peregusna
Marbled Polecat
LC
VU
41
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Mellivora capensis
Ratel or Honey Badger
CR
LC
42
Pholidata
Manidae
Manis crassicaudata
Indian Pangolin/Scaly
Anteater
VU
EN
43
Artiod
actyla
Bovidae
Ovis vignei blandfordi
Gad or Afghan Urial
VU
VU
44
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus
Sind Wild Goat or Sind
Ibex
NT
VU
45
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus
chialtanensis
Chiltan Wild Goat or
Chiltan Markhor
VU
VU
46
Artiodactyla
Bo
vidae
Capra falconeri
megaceros
Suleman Markhor or
Straight Horned Markhor
VU
NT
47
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Gazella bennettii
Chinkara or Indian
Gazelle
VU
LC
48
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Gazella subguttu
rosa
Goitered Gazelle
CR
VU
49
Artiodactyla
Suidae
Su
s scrofa
Indian Wild Boar
L
C
LC
50
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus capensis
Cape Hare
VU
LC
51
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus nigricollis
Indian Hare or Desert
Hare
LC
LC

Ghalib et al.
4831
52
Lagomorpha
Ochotonidae
Ochotona rufescens
Afghan or Collar
e
d Pika
LC
LC
53
Rodenti
a
Sciuridae
Funambulus pennantii
Northern Palm Squirrel
LC
LC
54
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix indica
Indian Crested Porcupine
NT
LC
55
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Allactaga elater
Small five
-
toed Jerboa
LC
LC
56
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Allactaga hotsoni
Hoston’
s five
-
toed Jerboa
LC
LC
57
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Jaculus blandfordi
Grete
r Three
-
toed Jerboa
or Blandford Jerboa
LC
LC
58
Rodentia
Dipodidae
Salpingotus michaelis
Balochistan
Pygmy
Jerboa or Dwarf Three-
toed Jerboa
LC
DD
59
Rodentia
Gliridae
Dryomys ni
tedula
Forest Dormouse
VU
LC
60
Rodentia
Muridae
Apodemus rusiges
Himalayan Wood Mouse
or Field Mouse
VU
LC
61
Rodentia
Muridae
Millardia meltada
Soft
-
furred Field Rat or
Matad
LC
LC
62
Rodentia
Muridae
Millardia gleadowi
Sand
-
coloured Rat
LC
LC
63
Rode
ntia
Muridae
Rattus rattus
Roof/
House Rat or Black
Rat
LC
LC
64
Rodentia
Muridae
Rattus norvegicus
Brown Rat or Sewer Rat
or Norway Rat
LC
LC
65
Rodentia
Muridae
Mus saxicola
Grey Spiny Mouse
DD
LC
66
Rodentia
Muridae
Mus musculus
Little Indian Field
Mouse
LC
LC
67
Rodentia
Muridae
Acomys cahirinus
Cairo Spiny Mouse
NT
LC
68
Rodentia
Muridae
Golunda ellioti
Indian Bush Rat
LC
LC
69
Rodentia
Muridae
Nesokia indica
Short
-
tailed Mole Rat
LC
LC
70
Rodentia
Muridae
Calomyscus bailwar
di
Mouse
-
like Hamste
r
LC
LC
71
Rodentia
Muridae
Cricteulus migratorius
Little Grey Hamster
LC
LC
72
Rodentia
Muridae
Gerbillus nanus
Balochistan Gerbil
NT
LC
73
Rodentia
Muridae
Gerbillus cheesmani
Cheesman’s Gerbil
VU
LC
74
Rodentia
Muridae
Tatera indica
Indian Gerbil
L
C
LC
75
Rodentia
Muridae
Meriones crassus
Sundevall’s Jird
NT
LC
76
Rodentia
Muridae
Meriones hurrianae
Indian Desert Jird
LC
LC
77
Rodentia
Muridae
Meriones libycus
Libyan
Jird
LC
LC
78
Rodentia
Muridae
Meriones persicus
Persian Jird
LC
LC
79
Rodentia
M
uridae
Rhombomys opimus
Greater Gerbil
NT
LC
80
Rodentia
Muridae
Ellobius fuscocapillus
Afghan/ Quetta Mole
Vole
NT
LC
81
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera musculus
Blue Whale
EN
EN
82
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera physalus
Fin Whale
EN
VU
83
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera edeni
Bryde’s Whale
DD
DD
84
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Megaptera novaeangliae
Humpback Whale
VU
LC
85
Cetacea
Kogiidae
Kogia simus
Dwarf Sperm Whale
DD
DD
86
Cetacea
Phocoenidae
Neophocaena
phocaenoides
Little I
ndian Porpoise or
Finless Porpoise
DD
VU
87
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Delphinus tropicalis
Long
-
beaked Dolphin
DD
DD
88
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Sousa
plumbea
Indian Humpback
Dolphin
DD
EN
89
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Peponocephala electra
Melon
-
headed Whale
DD
LC
90
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Tursiops
truncatu
s
Bottle
-
nosed Dolphin
DD
LC
91
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Stenella longirostris
Spinner Dolphin
DD
LC
92
Cetacea
Ziphiidae
Ziphius cavirostris
Cuvier’s
-
beaked Whale
DD
LC
Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, NT= Near-threatened, DD= Data Deficient, LC= Least Concern

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4832
Checklist of Birds of Balochistan
As many as 373 species of birds belonging to 22 Oders
and 71 Families have so far been recorded from
Balochistan (Table12).
Table 12. Checklist of Birds of Balochistan.
S.
No. Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Status
1
Gaviiformes
Gaviidae
Gavia
stellata
Red
-
throated Diver
V
2
Podicipediformes
Podicipedidae
Podiceps cris
t
atus
Great
Crested
G
rebe
W V
3
Podicipediformes
Podicipe
didae
Ta
chybaptes ruficollis
Little G
rebe
R
4
Podicipediformes
Podicipedidae
Podiceps nigricollis
Bla
ck
-
nacked G
rebe
WV
5
Podicipediformes
Podicipedidae
Podiceps auritus
Salvonian G
rebe
WV
6
Procellariiformes
Procellariidae
Puffinud tenuirostris
Sho
rt
-
tailed Shear W
ater
V
7
Procellariiformes
Procellariidae
Puffinus persicus
Persian
-
billed S
hear
W
ater
V
8
Procellariiformes
Hydrobatidae
Oceanites ocea
n
ites
Wilson’s Strom P
etrel
YR
V
9
Pelecaniformes
Phaethontidae
Phaethon aethereus
Red
-
billed T
ropic B
ird
WV
10
Pelecaniformes
Sulidae
Sula dactylatra
Masked B
ooby
WV
11
Pelecaniformes
Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax carbo
Large C
ormorant
WV
12
Pelecaniformes
Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax niger
Little C
ormorant
R
13
Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax
pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant V
14
Pelecaniformes
Pel
ecanidae
Peleca
nus onocrotalus
White or Rosy P
elican
WV
15
Pelecaniformes
Pel
ecanidae
Pelecanus crispus
Dalmatian P
elican
WV
16
Pelecaniformes
Pel
ecanidae
Pelecanus philippinus
Spot
-
b
illed P
elican
WV
17
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Nycticorax nycticorax
Night H
eron
R
18
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Ixobrychus m
inutu
s
Little B
ittern
R
19
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Buturoides striatus
Little Green H
eron
R
20
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Ardeola grayii
P
ond H
eron
R
21
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Egretta gularis
Indian Reef H
eron
R
22
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Egretta
garzetta
Little E
gret
YR
V
23
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Egretta intermedia
Smaller or Median E
gret
R
24
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Casmerodius alba
Grea
t E
gret
WV
25
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Ardea cinerea
Grey H
eron
WV/PM
26
Ciconiiformes
Ardeidae
Ardea purpurea
Purple H
eron
YR
V
27
Ciconiiformes
Ciconiidae
Mycteria
leuc
ocephala
Painted S
tork
R
28
Ciconiiformes
Ciconiidae
Ciconia nigra
Black S
tork
WV
29
Ciconiiformes
Ciconiidae
Ciconia ciconia
White S
tork
WV
30
Ciconiiformes
Threskiornithidae
Plegadis falcinellus
Glossy I
bis
WV
31
Ciconiiformes
Threskiornithidae
Platalea leucorodia
Spoonbill
WV
32
Ciconiiformes
Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus roseus
Flamingo
WV
33
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Cygnus olor
Mute S
wan
V
34
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Cygnus cygnus
Whooper S
wan
V
35
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anser anser
Graylag G
oose
WV
36
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Ta
dorna ferruginea
Ruddy S
helduck
WV
37
Anseriformes
A
natidae
Tadorna ta
dorna
Common S
helduck
WV
38
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas penelope
Wigeon
WV
39
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas strepera
Gadwal
WV
40
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas crecca
Common T
eal
/Duck
WV
41
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas platyhynchos
Mallard
WV
42
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas poecilorhyncha
S
potbill D
uck
SV
43
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas acuta
Pintall
WV
44
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas querquedul
a
Garganey
DPM/
WV
45
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas clypeata
Shoveller
WV
46
Anseriformes Anatidae
Marma
ron
etta
angustirostris Marbled Teal/Duck WV

Ghalib et al.
4833
47
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Netta rufina
Red
-
crested P
ochard
WV
48
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Ayth
y
a ferina
Common P
ochard
WV
49
Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca
White
-
eyed P
ochard or
Ferruginous Duck WV/PM
50
Anserif
ormes
Anatidae
Ayth
y
a fuligula
Tufted D
uck
WV
51
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Cl
angula hyemalis
Longtail Duck or Old S
quaw
V
52
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Bucephalus
clangula
Golden
-
eyed D
uck
V
53
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Mergus albellus
Smew
WV
54
Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser
Goosander or Common
Merganser WV
55
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Mergus serrator
Red
-
breasted M
erganser
WV
56
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Oxyura leuco
cephala
White
-
headed Stiff
-
tailed D
uck
WV
57
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Elanus caeruleus
Black Winged K
ite
R
58
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae Pernis ptilorhynchus
Oriental /Crested Honey
Buzzard M
59
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Milvus migrans
Black Kite
R
60
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Haliastur i
ndus
Brahminy Kite
R
61
Accipitriformes
Acc
ipitridae
Haliaeetus albicilla
White
-
tailed Sea Eagle
WV
62
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae Gypaetus barbatus
Himalayan Beareded Vulture
or Lammergeier WV
63
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Gyps fulvus
Indian Griffon Vulture
R
64
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
G
yps bengalensis
Indian White
-
backed Vulture
R
65
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Neophron
percnopterus Egyptian Vulture R
66
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aegypius monachus
Cinereous Vulture
R
67
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Circaetus gallicus
Short
-
toed E
agle
R
68
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Circus aeruginosus
Eurasian Marsh Harrier
WV
69
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Circus cyaneus
Hen Harrier
WV
70
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Circus macrourus
Pale or Pallid Harrier
WV
71
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae Accipiter nisus
Eurasian/ Asiatic Sparrow
-
Hawk WV
72
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Accipiter badius
Central Asian Shikra
SBV
73
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Butastur teesa
White
-
eyed Buzzard
SBV
74
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Buteo vulpinus
Desert
Buzzard
WV
75
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Buteo rufinus
Longlegged Buzzard
WV
76
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aquila rapax
Tawny Eagle
R
77
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aquila nipalensis
Steppe Eagle
WV
78
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aquila heliac
a
Imperial Eagle
WV
79
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
WV
80
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Hieraaetus fasciatus
Bonelli’s Eagle
R
81
Accipitriformes
Accipitridae
Hieraaetus pennatus
Booted Eagle
WV
82
Accipitriformes
Pandi
onidae
Pandion haliaetus
Osprey
WV
83
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco tinnunculus
Common
Kestrel
WV
84
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco subbu
t
e
o
Eurasian
Hobby
WV
85
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco columbarius
M
erlin
WV
86
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco
chicquera
Red
-
headed M
erlin
R
87
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco concolor
Sooty F
alcon
R
88
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco jugger
Lagga
r F
alcon
R
89
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco cherrug
Saker or Cherrug F
alcon
WV
90
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falco pere
grinu
s
Peregrine F
alcon
WV
91
Galliformes Phasianidae
Ammoperdix
griseogularis See-see Partridge R
92
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Alectoris chukar
Chukor
R
93
Galliformes Phasianidae
Francolinus
francolinus Black Partridge R

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4834
94
Galliformes Phasianidae
Fra
ncolinus
pondicerianus Grey Patridge R
95
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Coturnix co
turnix
Grey Q
uail
M/PM
96
Galliformes Phasianidae
Coturnix
coromandelica Black-breasted or Rain Quail SBV
97
Galliformes
Rallidae
Rallus aquaticus
Water R
ail
WV
98
Galliformes
Rallidae
Porzana parva
Little C
rake
WV
99
Galliformes
Rallidae
Porzana pusilla
Baillon’s crake
WV
100
Galliformes
Rallidae
Porzana porzana
Spotted C
rake
WV
101
Galliformes Rallidae
Amaurornis
phoenicurus Whit-brested Water Hen R
102
Galliformes
Rallidae
Porphyrio porphyrio
Indian P
urple Moorhen
R
103
Galliformes
Rallidae
Gallinula
chloropus
Indian Moorhen
R
104
Galliformes
Rallidae
Fulica atra
Common Coot
WV
105
Gruiformes
Gruidae
Grus grus
Common Crane
PM
106
Gruiformes
Gruidae
Grus leucogeranus
Siberi
an Crane
M
107
Gruiformes
Gruidae
Grus virgo
Dermoiselle Crane
PM
108
Otidiformes
Otididae
Tetrax tetrax
Little Bustard
WV
109
Otidiformes Otididae
Chlamydotis
macqueenii Houbara Bustard WV
110
Otidiformes
Otididae
Sypheotides indica
Leekh or Lesser F
lorican
SBV
111
Charadriiformes Jacanidae
Hydrophasianus
chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana R
112
Charadriiformes
Rostratulidae
Rostratula bengalensis
Painted S
nipe
R
113
Charadriiformes Haematopodidae
Haematopus
ostralegus Eurasian Oyster Catcher WV
114
Charadriiformes Recurvirostridae
Himantopus
himantopus Indian Black-winged Stilt R
115
Charadriiformes
Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostra avosetta
Avocet
WV
116
Charadriiformes
Dromadidae
Dromas ar
deola
Crab P
lover
M
117
Charadriiformes
Burhinidae
Burhinus oedicnemu
s
Eurasian Thick
-
knee
R
118
Charadriiformes
Burhinidae
Esacus recurv
irostris
Great
Thick
-
knee
R
119
Charadriiformes Glareolidae Cursorius cursor
Cream Coloured or Desert
Courser R
120
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius dubius
Little Ringed P
lover
W
V/R
121
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius hiaticula
Ringed P
lover
WV
122
Charadriiformes Charadriidae
Charadrius
alexandrinus Kentish Plover SBV
123
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius mongolus
Lesser Sand P
lover
WV
124
Charadriiformes Charadriidae
Charadrius
leschenaultii Large Sand Plover WV
125
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Pl
u
vialis squatarola
Grey P
lover
WV
126
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Pluvialis apricaria
Golden P
lover
V
127
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Vanellus indicus
Red
-
wattled L
apwing
R
128
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Vanellus mal
abaricus
Yellow
-
watt
led L
apwing
SBV
129
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Va
nellus leucurus
White tailed L
apwing
WV
130
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Va
nellus gregarious
Sociable L
apwing
WV
131
Charadriiformes
Chara
driidae
Vanellus va
nellus
Lapwing or Green P
lover
WV
132
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris tenuirostris
Great
K
not
WV
133
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris canutus
Red K
not
V
134
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris albus
Sanderling
WV
135
Charadr
iiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris minutus
Little S
tint
WV
136
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidri
s alpinu
s
Dunlun
WV
137
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Calidris ferruginea
Curlew S
andpiper
WV
138
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Limicola fa
lcinellus
Broadbilled S
andpiper
WV

Ghalib et al.
4835
139
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Philomachus pugnax
Ruff
PM
140
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Capella minima
Jack S
nipe
WV
141
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Capella gallinago
Common or Fantail S
nipe
WV
142
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Gallinago
s
olitaria
Solitary S
nipe
R
143
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Scolopax rusticola
Wood C
ock
V
144
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Limosa limosa
Black
-
tailed G
odwit
WV
145
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Limosa lapponica
Bar
-
tailed G
odwit
WV
146
Charadriiformes
Scolopa
cidae
Numenius phaeopus
Whimbre
l
WV
147
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Numenius arquata
Eurasian
Curlew
WV
148
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa erythropus
Spotted or Dusky Redshank
WV
149
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa to
tanus
Common R
edshank
WV
150
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa stagnatilis
Marsh S
andpiper
WV
151
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa nebularia
Green S
hank
WV
152
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa ochrop
us
Green S
andpiper
WV
153
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa glareola
Wood
or Spotted S
andpiper
WV
154
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa terek
Terek S
andpiper
WV
155
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa hypoleucos
Common S
andpiper
WV
156
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Arenaria interpres
Turnstone
WV
157
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Phalaropu
s lobatus
Red
-
necked P
halarope
WV
158
Charadriiformes Stercorariidae
Stercorarius
pomarinus Pomarine Jaegar WV
159
Charadriiformes Stercorariidae
Stercorarius
parasiticus Parasitic Jaegar WV
160
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus hemprichii
Sooty G
ul
l
SV
161
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus ichthyaetus
Great Black
-
headed G
ull
WV
162
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus ridibundus
Black
-
headed G
ull
WV
163
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus brunnicephalus
Brown
-
headed G
ull
WV
164
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus genei
Sl
ender
-
billed G
ull
R
165
Charadriiformes
Laridae
Larus argentatus
Herring G
ull
WV
166
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Gelochelidon nilotica
Gullbilled T
ern
WV
167
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Hydroprogne caspia
Caspian T
ern
M
168
Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna bergii
Greater Crested T
ern or
Swift
Tern M/YRV
169
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna bengalensis
Indian Lesser Crested T
ern
YRV
170
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna sandvicensis
Sandwich T
ern
M
/YRV
171
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna aurantia
R
iver T
ern
R
172
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna hirundo
Common T
ern
SV
173
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna repressa
White
-
chee
ked T
ern
SV
174
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna anaethetus
Bridled T
ern
SV
175
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna albifrons
Little T
ern
R
176
Ch
aradriiformes
Sternidae
Sterna saundersi
Black Shafted T
ernlet
SBV
177
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Childonias hybrid
us
Indian Whiskered T
ern
M/YR
V
178
Charadriiformes
Sternidae
Anous stolidus
Common or Brown n
oddy
V
179
Pterocliformes
Pterocl
id
ae
P
terocles l
ichtensteinii
Close Barred S
andgrouse
R
180
Pterocliformes
Pteroclidae
Pterocles coronatus
Crowned
Sandgrouse
R
181
Pterocliformes
Pteroclidae
Pterocles senegallus
Spotted Sandgrouse
WV
182
Pterocliformes
Pteroclidae Pterocles exustus
Chestnut
-
bellied or
Indian
Sandgrouse R
183
Pterocliformes
Pteroclidae
Pterocles orientalis
Imperial or Black
-
bellied
Sandgrouse WV
184
Pterocliformes
Pteroclidae
Pterocles alchata
Pintailed Sandgrouse
R
185
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Columb
a livia
Rock P
igeon
R
186
Columbifor
mes
Columbidae
Columb
a palumbus
Wood
P
igeon
R
187
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Streptopelia decaocto
Ring D
ove
R/SBV

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4836
188
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Streptopelia turtur
Western Turtle Dove
V
189
Columbiformes Columbidae
Streptopelia
senegalensis Little Brown or Senegal Dove R/SBV
190
Psittaciformes
Psittracidae
Psittacula krameri
Rose
-
ringed P
arakeet
R
191
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
Cuculus conorus
Asiatic Cuckoo
PM/
SBV
192
Cuculiformes Strigidae
Phaenicophaeus
leschenaultia Sirkeer Malkoha R
193
Strigiformes
Stri
gidae
Otus brucei
Striated or P
allid
Scops O
wl
WV
194
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Otus scops
Eastern Scops O
wl
WV
195
Strigiformes Strigidae Bubo bubo
Indian Great Horned or Eagle
Owl R
196
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Ketupa zeylonesis
Indian Brown Fish O
wl
WV
197
S
trigiformes
Strigidae
Athene noctua
Little O
wlet
R
198
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Athene brama
Northern Spotted O
wlet
R
199
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Strix aluco
Tawny O
wl
WV
200
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Strix butleri
Hume’s wood O
wl
R
201
Strigiformes
Strigidae
As
io otus
Longeared O
wl
WV
202
Strigiformes
Strigidae
Asio flammeus
Shorteared O
wl
WV
203
Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus
europaeus Hume’s or European Nightjar
SBV/
WV/PM
204
Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus
mahrattensis Syke’s or Sind Nightjar R
205
Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus aegypius
Egyptian N
ightjar
SBV
206
Apodiformes
Apodidae
Apus apus
Common S
wift
SBV
207
Apodiformes
Apodidae
Apus melba
Indian Alpine S
wift
SBV
208
Apodiformes
Apodidae
Apus pallidus
Pallid
S
wif
t
WV
209
Apodiformes
Apodidae
Apus affinis
House swift
SBV
210
Coraciiformes
Alcedinidae
Ceryle rudis
Indian Pied kingfish
er
R
211
Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Indian Small Blue Kingfisher
R/WV/
SBV
212
Coraciiformes
Alcedinidae
Halcyon smyr
n
en
sis
White
-
breasted K
ingfisher
R
213
Coraciiformes
Meropidae
Merops superciliousus
Blue
-
cheeked B
ee
-
eater
SBV
214
Coraciiformes
Meropidae
Merops orientails
Sind Small Green B
ee
-
eater
SBV
215
Coraciiformes
Meropidae
Merops apiaster
European B
ee
-
eater
SBV
216
Coraciiformes
Coraciidae
Coracias garrul
us
Kashmir R
oller
PM
217
Coraciiformes
Coraciidae
Coracias benghalensis
Roller or Blue J
ay
R
218
Coraciiformes
Upupidae
Upupa epops
Hoopoe
SBV
219
Piciformes Picidae Picus squamatus
Scaly
-
bellied Green
Woodpecker R
220
Piciformes
Picidae
Jynx torquilla
European W
ryneck
PM
221
Piciformes
Picidae
Dinopium auriceps
Brown Fronted W
oodpecker
R
222
Piciformes
Picidae
Picoides assimillis
Sind P
ied
W
oodpecker
R
223
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
E
remopterix grisea
Ashy
-
cr
owned Finch L
ark
R
224
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Eremopterix nigriceps
Black
-
crowked Finch L
ark
R
225
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Ammomanes deserti
India
n Desert Finch L
ark
R
226
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Ammomanes cinturus
Bartailed Desert L
ark
R
227
Passeriformes Alaudidae Alaemon alaudipes
Hoopoe Lark or Bifasciated
Lark R
228
Passeriformes Alaudidae
Melanocorypha
bimaculata Calandra Lark WV
229
Passeriformes Alaudidae
Calandrella
brachydactyla Great Shorttoed Lark WV
230
Passeriformes Alaudidae
Calandrella
acutirostris Hume’s Short- toed Lark SBV
231
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Calandrella rufescens
Lesser S
hort
-
toed L
ark
WV

Ghalib et al.
4837
232
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Calandrella raytal
Indus
Sand L
ark
R
233
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Galerida cristata
Crested L
ark
R
234
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Alauda arvensis
Common S
kylark
WV
235
Passeriformes
Alaudidae
Alauda gulgula
Oriental Small S
kylark
R
236
Passeriformes
Hirundinidae
Riparia riparia
Collar
e
d Sand M
artin
WV
237
Passeriformes Hirundinidae Riparia paludicola
Grey Throated Indian
Sand
Martin/ Plain Martin R
238
Passeriformes
Hirundinidae
Ptyonoprogne fuligula
Rock Martin
R
239
Passeriformes
Hirundinidae
Hirundo rupestris
Eurasian
Crag
M
artin
SBV
240
Passeriformes
Hirundinidae
Hirundo smithi
Wire
-
tailed S
wallow
R
241
Passeriformes
Hiru
ndinidae
Hirundo rustica
Barn S
wallow
WV
242
Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo fluvicola
Cliff swallow
/ Sreake
-
throated
Swallow R
243
Passeriformes
Hirundinidae
Hirundo daurica
Red
-
rumped S
wallow
WV
244
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Anthus
rufulus
Paddyf
ield
P
ipit
R
245
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Anthus sylvanus
Upland P
ip
it
R
246
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Anthus campestris
Tawny P
ip
it
WV
247
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Anthus similis
Long
-
billed Rock P
ipit
R
248
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
A
n
thus spinoletta
Wa
ter P
ipit
WV
249
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Anthus trivialis
Tree P
ipit
PM
250
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla flava
Yellow W
agtail
PM
251
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla citreola
Yellow
-
headed
/Citrine
W
agtail
R
252
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Mota
cilla cinerea
Grey W
agtail
SBV
253
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla alba
White or Pied W
agtail
WV
254
Passeriformes Campephagidae
Tep
hrodornis
pondicerianus Sind Wood Shrike R
255
Passeriformes Campephagidae
Pericrocotus
ethologus
West Himalayan Long
-
tailed
Minivet WV
256
Passeriformes Campephagidae
Pericrocotus
cinnamomeus Sind Small Minivet R
257
Passeriformes Pycnonotidae
Pycnonotus
leucogenys White-eared Bulbul R
258
Passeriformes
Pyc
n
onotidae
Pycnonotus
cafer
Read
-
vented B
ulbul
R
259
Passeriformes Bombycillidae Hypocolius ampelinus
Grey Hypocolli
u
s or Shrike
Bulbul WV
260
Passeriformes
Bombycillidae
Bombycilla garrulous
Waxwi
ng
V
261
Passeriformes Troglodytidae
Troglodytes
troglodytes Winter Wren R
262
Passeriformes
Prun
ellidae
Prunella ocula
ris
Radde’s or A
ccentor
V
263
Passeriformes
Prun
ellidae
Prunella atrogularis
Black
-
throa
ted A
ccentor
WV
264
Passeriformes Turdidae
Cercotrichas
galacototes Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin SBV
265
Passeriformes Turdidae
Luscinia
megarhynchos Common Nightingale V
266
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Luscinia svecica
Blu
e
throat
WV
267
Passeriformes Turdidae
Phoenicurus
erythronotus Red-backed Redstart WV
268
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Phoenicurus ochruros
Black R
edstart
SBV
269
Passeriformes Turdidae
Phoenicurus
phoenicurus Common Redstart PM
270
Passeriformes Turdidae Saxicola torquata
Collared Indian Bushchat
Stonechat PM/ SBV
271
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Saxicola caprata
Pied Bush
chat
R/SBV
272
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe isabellina
Isabelline W
heatear
WV/
SBV
273
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe o
enanthe
Northern
W
heatear
PM

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
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274
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe pleschanka
Pied W
heatear
PM
275
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe deserti
Desert W
heatear
WV
276
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe finschii
Finsch
’s
W
heatear
WV/R
277
Passeriformes Turdidae
Oenanthe
xanthoprymna Rufous-tailed Wheatear WV/ SBV
278
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe picata
Variable
W
heatear
PM
279
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe monacha
Hooded C
ha
t/ W
heatear
WV
280
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Oenanthe alboniger
Hume’s C
ha
t or
W
heatear
R
281
Passeriformes Turdidae
Chaimarrornis
leucocephalus White-capped Redstart WV
282
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Saxicoloides fulicata
Indian R
obin
R
283
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Monticola saxatilis
Rock T
hrush
PM
284
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Monti
cola salitarius
Blue Rock T
hrush
WV
285
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Myophonus caerulu
s
Blue Whistling T
hrush
SBV
286
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Turdus unicolor
Tickell’s T
rush
WV
287
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Turdus ruficollis
Black
-
throated T
hrush
WV
288
Passeriforme
s
Turdidae
Turdus philomelos
Song T
hrush
V
289
Passeriformes
Turdidae
Turdus viscivorus
Mistle T
hrush
R
290
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Cettia cetti
Cetti
’
s
Bush
W
arbler
WV
291
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Prinia buchanani
Rufous
-
fronted Wren W
arbler
R
292
Passerifo
rmes
Sylviidae
Prinia
criniger
Brown Hill W
arbler
R
293
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Scotocer
c
a inquieta
Streaked Hill W
arbler
R
294
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Acrocephalus
melanopogon Moustached Warbler WV
295
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Acrocephalus
scirpaceus Eurasian Reed Warbler R
296
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Acrocephalus agricola
Paddy Field W
arbler
PM
297
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Acrocephalus
dumetorum Blyth’s Reed Warbler DPM
298
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Acroephalus
stentoreus Clamorous Reed Warbler R
299
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Acrocephalus
arundinaceus Great Reed Warbler V
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Hippolais caligata
Boote
d Tree W
arbler
WV/ SBV
300
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Hippolais launguida
Upcher’s W
arbler
SBV
301
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Sylvia
mystacea
Mene
tries
W
arbler
SBV
302
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Sylvia nana
Desert W
arbler
WV
303
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Sylvia hortensis
Orphean W
arbler
PM/ SBV
304
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Sylvia curruca
Lesser White
-
t
hroat
WV/ SBV
305
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Sylvia commun
is
Common White
-
throat
PM
306
Passeriformes
Sylviidae
Phylloscopus nitidus
Green W
arbler
PM
307
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Phylloscopus
griseolus Olivaceonus Leaf Warbler SBV
308
Passeriformes Sylviidae
Phylloscopus
neglectus Plain Leaf Warbler SBV
309
Passe
riformes
Muscicapidae
Muscicapa striata
Spotted F
lycatcher
PM/SBV
310
Passeriformes
Muscicapidae
Ficedula parva
Red
-
breasted F
lycatcher
PM
311
Passeriformes
Monarchidae
Terpsiphone
paradisi
Asian Paradise F
lycatcher
PM
312
Passeriformes
Timaliidae
Tur
do
i
d
es caudatus
Common B
abbler
R
313
Passeriformes Timaliidae Garrulax lineatus
Streaked or Himalayan
Laughing Thrush R
314
Passeriformes
Aegithalidae
Aegithalos leucogenys
White
-
cheeked Bushtit
R
315
Passeriformes Paridae
Periparus
rufonuchalis Rufous-naped Tit R
316
Passeriformes
Paridae
Parus major
Great T
it
R

Ghalib et al.
4839
317
Passeriformes
Sittidae
Sitta cashmirensis
Kashmir
N
uthatch
R
318
Passeriformes
Sittidae
Sitta tephronota
Eastern Rock
N
uthatch
R
319
Passeriformes Certhiidae Certhia himalayana
Himalayan
/
Bar
-
tailed
Treecreeper R
320
Passeriformes
Oriolidae
Oriolus oriolus
Golden O
riole
PM/
SBV
321
Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius isabellinus
Rufous
-
tailed or I
sabelline
Shrike SBV
322
Passeriformes
Laniidae
Lanius excubitor
Great
Grey S
hrike
V
323
Passeriformes
Laniidae
Lanius vittatus
Bay
-
backed S
hrike
R
324
Passeriformes
Laniidae
Lanius collurio
Red
-
backed / Longtailed
Shrike PM
325
Passeriformes
Laniidae
Lanius schach
Rufous
-
backed S
hrike
R
326
Passeriformes
Laniidae
Lanius maridionalis
Southern Grey Shrike
V
327
Passeriformes
Dicruidae
Dicrurus adsimilis
Black Drongo
R
328
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Garrulus lanceolatus
Black
-
headed
J
ay
R
329
Passeriformes Corvidae
Dendrocitta
vagabunda Rufous Tree Pie R
330
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Pica pica
Eurasian Magp
ie
R
331
Passeriformes Corvidae
Nucifraga
caryocatactes Nutcracker R
332
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Pyrrhocorax graculus
Alpine C
hough
R
333
Passeriformes Corvidae
Pyrrhocorax
pyrrhocorax Red-billed Chough R
334
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus monedula
Western
Jackdaw
W
V
335
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus splendens
Indian House C
row
R
336
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus frugilegus
Rook
WV
337
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus corone
Carrion C
row
WV
338
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus corax
Common
Raven
R
339
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus ruficollis
Brown
-
necked
R
aven
WV
340
Passeriformes
Sturnidae
Sturnus roseus
Rosy S
tarling or
Rosy P
astor
PM
341
Passeriformes
Sturnidae
Acridotheres tristis
Indian M
yna
R
342
Passeriformes Sturnidae
Acridotheres
ginginianus Bank Myna R
343
Passerif
ormes
Sturnidae
Passer domesticus
House S
parrow
R
344
Passeriformes
Passeridae
Passer hispaniolensis
Spanish S
parrow
WV
345
Passeriformes
Passeridae
Passer moabiticus
Dead Sea S
parrow
WV
346
Passeriformes
Passeridae
Passer montanus
Eurasi
an Tree S
parrow
R
347
Passeriformes
Passeridae
Petronia xanthocollis
Yellow
-
throated S
parrow
V
348
Passeriformes
Passeridae
Petronia petronia
Rock S
parrow
WV
349
Passeriformes
Ploceidae
Ploceus manyar
Streaked Weaver B
ird
V
350
Passeriformes
Estrildidae
Estri
i
da amandav
a
Red M
unia or
Red A
vada
va
t
SBV
351
Passeriformes
Estrildidae
Lonchura malabarica
Indian
S
ilver
bill
R
352
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla coelebs
Common
Chaffinch
WV
353
Passeriformes Fringillidae
Fringilla
montifringilla Brambling WV
354
Passeriform
es
Fringillidae
Serinus pusillus
Gold
-
fronted F
inch
V
355
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Carduelus carduelus
Eurasian
Gold F
inch
R
356
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Carduelus cannabina
Eurasian Linnet
WV
357
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Rhodospiza obsoleta
Desert
F
inch
R
358
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Bucanetes
mongo
licus
Mongolian F
inch
WV
359
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Bucanetes githaginea
Trumpeter F
inch
R
360
Passeriformes Fringillidae
Carpodacus
erythrinus Common Rosefinch SBV
361
Passeriformes Fringillidae
Carpodacus
rhodochlamys Red-mantled Rosefinch R

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4840
362
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Mycerobas carnipes
White winged G
ros
beak
R
363
Passeriformes Fringillidae
Coccothraustes
coccothraustes Hawfinch SBV
364
Passeriformes Emberizidae
Emberiza
leucocephalus Pine Bunting WV
365
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza stewarti
White
-
capped B
unting
SBV
366
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza cia
Rock B
unting
WV
367
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza striolata
Striped or House B
unting
R
368
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza
buchanani
Grey
-
necked B
unting
WV
369
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza aureola
Yellowbreasted B
unting
V
370
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza schoeniclus
Reed B
unting
WV
371
Passeriformes Emberizidae
Emberiza
melanocephala Black-headed Bunting PM
372
Pas
seriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza bruniceps
Red
-
headed B
unting
PM
373
Passeriformes
Emberizidae
Emberiza hortulana
Ortolan Bunting
V
Legend: R= Resident, W V= Winter Visitor, M= Migratory, PM= Passage Migrant, V= Vagrant, SBV= Summer Breeding Visitor, SV= Summer
Visitor, YRV= Year-Round Visitor, NBR=Non-Breeding Visitor, DPM= D ouble Passage Migrant
Checklist of Reptiles
The reptilian fauna is quite rich as 120 species have been
recorded so far belonging to four Orders, two Sub orders
and 16 Families (Table 13). The important species include
five species of marine turtles, two species of freshwater
turtles, one species of Central Asian Tortoise, one species
of Marsh Crocodile, one species each of Leaf Nosed
Viper, Persian Horned Viper and Astola saw-scaled Viper
(Table 13).
Table 13
. Checklist of R
eptiles of Balochistan
.
S.
No.
Order
Sub
o
rder
Family
Scientific Name
Common Name
Status
1
Chelonia
Cryptodira
Cheloniidae
Eretmochelys
imbricata
Pacific Hawksbill Turtle
CR
2
Chelonia
Cryptodira
Cheloniidae
C
helonia mydas
Indian Ocean Green Turtle
EN
3
Chelonia
Cryptodira
Cheloniidae
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead Turtle
VU
4
Chelonia
Cryptodira
Chelonidae
Dermochelys
coriacea
Leatherback Turtle
VU
5
Chelonia
Cryptodira
Chelonidae
Lepidochelys olivacea
Olive Ridl
ey Turtle
VU
6
Testudines
Cryptodira
Testudinidae
Aspideretes
gangeticus
Indian Softshell Turtle
VU
7
Testudines
Cryptodira
Testudinidae
Lissemys punctata
Indian Flatshell Turtle
LC
8
Testudines
Cryptodira
Testudinidae
Testudo horsfieldii
Central Asian Tor
toise
VU
9
Cr
o
codilia
Sauria
Crocodylidae
Crocodylus palustris
Marsh/Mugger Cr
o
codile
VU
10
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Calotes minor
Small Ground Agama
DD
11
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Calotes versicolor
Indian Garden Lizard
NE
12
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Lauda
kia caucasia
Caucasian Agama
NE
13
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Laudakia fusca
Asian Rock Agama
NE
14
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Laudakia melanura
Black Agama
NE
15
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Laudakia nupta
Large Scaled Rock Agama
NE
16
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Phryn
ocephalus
clarkorum
Clark’s Toad Headed
Agama
NE
17
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Phrynocephalus
euptilopus
Beautiful Toad Headed
Agama
LC
18
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Phrynocephalus
luteoguttatus
Yellow
-
speckled Toad
-
headed Agama
LC
19
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Ph
rynocephalus
maculatus
Spotted Toad
-
headed
Agama
NE
20
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Phrynocephalus
ornates
Ornate Toad
-
headed
Agama
NE

Ghalib et al.
4841
21
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Phrynocephalus
scutellatus
Gray Toad
-
headed Agama
NE
22
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Trapelus agilis
Bri
lliant Ground Agama
NE
23
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Trapelus megalonyx
Afghan Ground Agama
NE
24
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Trapelus ruderatus
Horny
-
scaled Agama
LC
25
Squamata
Sauria
Agamidae
Trapelus rubrigularis
Red
-
throated Agama
NE
26
Squamata
Sauria
Eubleph
aridae
Eublepharis
macularius
Indian Leopard Gecko
LC
27
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Agamura persica
Persian Spider Gecko
LC
28
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Bunopus tuberculatus
Bloch Rock Gecko
LC
29
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Crossobamon
lumsdeni
Lumsdeni Geck
o
NE
30
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Crossobamon
maynardi
Whip
-
tailed Sand Gecko
NE
31
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Crossobamon
orientalis
Sind Gecko
NE
32
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Cyrtopodion
agamuroides
Makran Spider Gecko
LC
33
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Cyr
topodion
kachhensis
Warty Rock Gecko
NE
34
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Cyrtopodion
montiumsalsorum
Salt Range Rock Gecko
NE
35
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Cyrtopodion scabrum
Keeled Rock Gecko
LC
36
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Cyrtopodion watsoni
Pakistani thi
n
-
toed Gecko
NE
37
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus brookii
Spotted Indian House
Gecko
NE
38
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
flaviviridis
Yellow Belly Gecko
NE
39
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
leschenaultii
Bark/Leschenault
,
s Leaf
-
toed Gecko
NE
40
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
persicus
Persian Gecko
NE
41
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Ptyodactylus
homolepis
Fan
-
fingered Gecko
NE
42
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Rhinogecko femoralis
Sharp
-
tailed/ Kharan Spider
Gecko
NE
43
Squamata
Sauri
a
Gekkonidae
Rhinogecko misonnei
Misonne’s Spider Gecko
LC
44
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Teratoscincus
microlepis
Small
-
scaled Wonder
Gecko
NE
45
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Teratoscincus scincus
Frog
-
eyed Gecko
NE
46
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Microgecko
depressus
Low
-
lying/ Dwarf Gecko
LC
47
Squamata
Sauria
Gekkonidae
Microgecko persicus
Persian Sand Gecko
NE
48
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Acanthodactylus
blanfordii
Mekran Fringe
-
fingered
Lizard
NE
49
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Acanthodactylus
cantoris
Indian Fri
nge
-
fingered
Lizard
NE
50
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Acanthodactylus
micropholis
Yellowtail Fringe
-
fingered
Lizard
NE
51
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Eremias acutirostris
Point
-
snout Racerunner
LC
52
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Eremias aporosceles
Chagai Short
-
nosed Desert
Lacerta
NE
53
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Eremias fasciata
Yellow
-
headed Desert
Lacerta
NE

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4842
54
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Eremias persica
Persian Racerunner
NE
55
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Eremias scripta
Sand Racerunner
LC
56
Squamata
Sauria
Lac
ertidae
Mesalina brevirostris
Short
-
nosed Desert Lacerta
LC
57
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Mesalina watsonana
Persian Long
-
tailed Desert
Lacerta
NE
58
Squamata
Sauria
Lacertidae
Ophisops jerdonii
Snake
-
Eyed Lacerta
LC
59
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ablepharus gr
ayanus
Minor Snake
-
eye Skink
NE
60
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ablepharus
pannonicus
Asian Snake
-
eye Skink
NE
61
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Chalcides ocellatus
Ocellated Skink
NE
62
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Eurylepis taeniolata
Alpine Punjab Skink
NE
63
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Mabuya macularia
Bronze Grass Skink
NE
64
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Eumeces blythianus
Blyth’s Skink
NE
65
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Eumeces schneiderii
Schneider’s Skink
NE
66
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ophiomorus
blanfordi
Makran Sand Swimm
er
NE
67
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ophiomorus brevipes
Short
-
legged Snake Skink
NE
68
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ophiomorus raithmai
Three
-
fingered Sand
-
fish/Indian Sand Swimmer
LC
69
Squamata
Sauria
Scincidae
Ophiomorus
tridactylus
Three
-
toed Skink
NE
70
Squam
ata
Sauria
Uromastycidae
Saara asmussi
Bloch Spiny
-
tailed Lizard
NE
71
Squamata
Sauria
Uromastycidae
Saara hardwickii
Indian Spiny
-
tailed Lizard
NE
72
Squamata
Sauria
Varanidae
Varanus bengalensis
Indian Monitor
LC
73
Squamata
Sauria
Varanidae
Varanus griseu
s
Desert Monitor
NE
74
Squamata
Serpentes
Leptotyphlopidae
Myriopholis
blanfordii
Sindh Thread Snake
NE
75
Squamata
Serpentes
Leptotyphlopidae
Myriopholis
macrorhyncha
Long
-
nosed Worm Snake
NE
76
Squamata
Serpentes
Boidae
Eryx johnii
Indian or Red Sand Boa
NE
77
Squamata
Serpentes
Boidae
Eryx tataricus
Tartar Sand Boa
NE
78
Squamata
Serpentes
Boidae
Gongylophis conicus
Rough
-
scaled Sand Boa
NE
79
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Bogia melanocephala
Dark headed Gamma or Cat
Snake
NE
80
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
C
oluber karelini
Spotted or Banded Desert
Racer
NE
81
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Hemorrhois
ravergieri
Spotted Whip Snake
LC
82
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Lycodon aulicus
Indian Wolf Snake
NE
83
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Lycodon striatus
Northern or
Barred Wolf
Snake
NE
84
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Lytorhynchus
maynardi
Maynrd’s Longnose Sand
Snake
LC
85
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Lytorhynchus
ridgewayi
Derafshi Snake
LC
86
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Lytorhynchus
paradoxus
Sind Long
-
nosed Sand
Snake
NE
87
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Oligodon taeniolatus
Streaked Kukri Snake
LC
88
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Platyceps
rhodorachis
Jan’s Cliff Racer
NE
89
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Platyceps
ventromaculatus
Glossy
-
bellied Racer
NE
90
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Psammophis
lineolatus
Steppe Ribbon Racer
NE

Ghalib et al.
4843
91
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Pseudocyclopis
persica
Dark headed Dwarf Racer
NE
92
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Ptyas mucosa
Dhaman or Indian Rate
Snake
NE
93
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Spalerosophis
diadema
Diadem/ Royal Snake
NE
94
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Spalerosophis
schirazianus
Persian Diadam or King
Snake
NE
95
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Spalerosophis
arenarius
Red
-
spotted Diadem Snake
NE
96
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Sp
alerosophis
atriceps
Black
-
headed Royal Snake
NE
97
Squamata
Serpentes
Colubridae
Xenochrophis
piscator
Asiatic Water Snake
NE
98
Squamata
Serpentes
Lamprophiidae
Psammophis schokari
Schokari Sand Racer
NE
99
Squamata
Serpentes
Lamprophiidae
Psammophis leithi
i
Pakistan Sand Racer
NE
100
Squamata
Serpentes
Lamprophiidae
Psammophis
lineolatus
Steppe Ribbon Racer
NE
101
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Bungarus caeruleus
Indian or Common Krait
NE
102
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Naja naja
Black Cobra
NE
103
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Naja oxiana
Oxus Cobra or Russian
Cobra
DD
104
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis stokesii
Stake’s or Big
-
headed Sea
Snake
LC
105
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Enhydrina schistose
Beaked Sea Snake
NE
106
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis
cyanocinctus
Annulated Sea Snake
LC
107
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis fasciatus
Striped Sea Snake
LC
108
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis
lapemoides
Arabian/ Persian Gulf Sea
Snake
LC
109
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis ornatus
Ornate Reef Sea Snake
L
C
110
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophis spiralis
Yellow Sea Snake
LC
111
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Hydrophiss curtus
Short / Pygmy Sea Snake
LC
112
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Microcephalophis
gracilis
Graceful Small
-
headed Sea
Snake
LC
113
Squamata
Serpent
es
Elapidae
Pelamis platurus
Yellow
-
bellied Sea Snake
LC
114
Squamata
Serpentes
Elapidae
Praescutata viperinus
Viperine Sea Snake
LC
115
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Daboia russelii
Russel’s Viper
NE
116
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Echis carinatus
Transcaspian
or Multiscale
Saw Scaled Viper
NE
117
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Echis carinatus
astolae
Astola Saw Scaled Viper
NE
118
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Eristicophis
macmahon
McMahon’s/ Leaf
-
nosed
Viper
NE
119
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Pseudocerastes
persicus
Persian Horned Viper
LC
120
Squamata
Serpentes
Viperidae
Macrovipera lebetina
Lavantine Blunt
-
nosed
Viper
NE
Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, Nt= Near-threatened, LC= Least Concern, DD= Data Deficient, NE= Not
Evaluated
Checklist of Amphibians of Balochistan
As many as seven species of amphibians have so far been
recorded from Balochistan belonging to one Order and
two families (Table 14).

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
4844
Table
14
. Checklist of A
mphibians of Balochistan
.
S.
No.
Order
Family
Scienti
fic Name
Common Name
Status
1
Anura
Bufonidae
Duttaphrynus stomaticus
Indus Toad
L
east
C
oncern
2
Anura
Bufonidae
Duttaphrynus olivaceus
Olive Toad
LC
3
Anura
Bufonidae
Bufotes surdus
Iranian Toad
LC
4
Anura
Bufonidae
Bufotes zugmayeri
Baloch Toad
LC
5
Anura
Dicroglossidae
Chrysopaa sternosignata
Balochistan Karez Frog
LC
6
Anura
Dicroglossidae
Euphly
ctis cyanophlyctis
Skittering Frog
LC
7
Anura
Dicroglossidae
Euphlyctis hexadactylus
Green Pond Frog
LC
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the Province of Balochistan has a rich
variety of wildlife which has been under threat due to
hunting/ trapping/ poaching, degradation of habitats and
impacts of developmental projects particularly along the
Mekran coast area. The Balochistan Wildlife Department
has recently taken up prompt action to control the cases of
illegal capture and the transportation of wildlife through
Balochistan. Moreover, quite recently, the Govternment
of Balochistan has constituted a Committee for the
Conservation of wildlife in Takatu, Chiltan Hazarganji
and Hingol National Parks. These are commendable
wildlife conservation efforts.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincere thanks for their help and support during the field
studies are due to Dr. Shahid Amjad, Dr. Muhammad
Afzal, Dr. Abdul Hameed Baloch, Dr. Salman Gulzar, Dr.
Hizbullah Jamali, Dr. Badar Muneer Ghauri, Captain
Raziq Durrani, Mr. Abdul Jabbar, Mr. Babu Gulab, Mr.
Shareefuddin Baloch, Mr. Syed Ainuuddin Agha, Mr.
Rana Muhammad Mazhar, Mr. Muhammad Yusuf Kakar,
Mr. Muhammad Amin Mengal, Mohammad Rahim, Mr.
Raja Asif Latif, Mr. Arz Muhammad Umrani, Mr. Abdur
Rahman, Mr. Jan Wind, Mr. Ahmed Nadeem, Mr. Juma
Khan Nichari, Mr. Badal Baloch.
The authors are grateful to Mirza Naim Beg and his
Wildlife with Dream Merchents Group and to Mr. Shumil
Larik for providing some field photographs.
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Received: March 29, 2019; Revised: May 7, 2019;
Accepted: May 9, 2019
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