Three new species of Bruggmanniella Tavares, 1909 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil with a key to species

Abstract

Three new species, Bruggmanniella miconiae sp. nov., B. notatae sp. nov. and B. sideroxyli sp. nov., are described and illustrated. The new species are associated, respectively, with Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogn (Melastomataceae), Ocotea notata (Nees and Mart.) Mez (Lauraceae) and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. and Schult.) T. D. Penn. (Sapotaceae), respectively. The first one was collected in Dores do Indaiá city, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the two others were collected in Mangaratiba city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An illustrated key to the Bruggmanniella species is provided.

Full text

w w w.rbentomologi a . c o m
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2019-17
© 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia Published by SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
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Three new species of
Bruggmanniella
Tavares, 1909
(Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil with a key to species
Alene Ramos Rodrigues1* , Sheila Patrícia Carvalho-Fernandes1,
Valéria Cid Maia1, Lázaro Araújo Oliveira2
1Museu Nacional, Departamento de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
2Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
* Corresponding author.
E-mail: alenerodrigues@yahoo.com.br (A.R. Rodrigues).
ABSTRACT
Three new species,
Bruggmanniella miconiae
sp. nov.,
B. notatae
sp. nov. and
B. sideroxyli
sp. nov., are described and
illustrated. The new species are associated, respectively, with
Miconia theaezans
(Bonpl.) Cogn (Melastomataceae),
Ocotea notata
(Nees and Mart.) Mez (Lauraceae) and
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
(Roem. and Schult.) T. D. Penn.
(Sapotaceae), respectively. The first one was collected in Dores do Indaiá city, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the two
others were collected in Mangaratiba city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An illustrated key to the
Bruggmanniella
species
is provided.
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 19 March 2019
Accepted 21 January 2020
Available online 16 March 2020
Associate Editor: Diana Grisales
Keywords:
Cerrado
Gall midges
Neotropics
Restinga
Taxonomy
Introduction
Bruggmanniella
Tavares, 1909 (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) was described
based in a single species that induces stem galls on
Sorocea ilicifolia
Miq. (Moraceae) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (Tavares, 1909). Since
then, other species have been described, totalizing 11 species. Although
the geographic distribution of the genus includes Southern Nearctic,
Neotropical, and Oriental regions,
Bruggmanniella
is more diversified
in the Neotropics, where it is represented by eight species, seven of
them described from Brazil (Gagné and Jaschhof, 2017).
All species are gallers and they are associated with different plant
organs (stems, twigs, flower buds, ovaries and fruits) of nine plant
families: Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Celastraceae, Dilleniaceae,
Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Malpighiaceae, Moraceae, and Sapotaceae (Gagné
and Jaschhof, 2017).
The genus
Bruggmanniella
is characterized by having larva with
four-toothed spatula; pupa with antennal horns, lack of frontal horns
and presence of dorsal abdominal spines; adults with three-segmented
palpus, simple tarsal claws, female eighth segment with cerci-like
lobes and male with a completely divided tooth of gonostylus (Gagné,
199 4). Differing from the generic diagnosis,
B. actinodaphnes
Tokuda
and Yukawa, 2006 and
B. cinnamomi
Tokuda and Yukawa, 2006 from
Japan have two-toothed spatula, and
B. bumeliae
Felt, 1907 and
B. oblita
Tavares, 1920 from Brazil have three-toothed spatula.
Three new galling species from Brazil were obtained. The first
induces galls on
Miconia theaezans
(Bonpl.) Cogn (Melastomataceae)
(Fig. 1a), the second on
Ocotea notata
(Nees and Mart.) Mez (Lauraceae)
(Fig. 1b), and the third on
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
(Roem. and Schult.)
T. D. Penn. (Sapotaceae) (Fig. 1c). All host plant species are native of
Brazil, and
Ocotea notata
is endemic, occurring exclusively in the
Atlantic Forest (Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2018).
Miconia theaezans
is a 2m height shrub with widespread occurrence
in South America. In Brazil, it is recorded in the States of Bahia, Goiás,
Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa
Catarina, in areas of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (Goldenberg, 2013).
Ocotea notata
, popularly known as “canela-branca”, is a medium-sized
tree, widespread over the Brazilian Atlantic coast, being found mainly
in sandy coastal plains, in the States of Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia,
Minas Gerais, Espiríto Santo, and Rio de Janeiro (Garrett et al., 2012;
Quinet et al., 2013).
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
, popularly known as

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 20202-8
“quixabeira”, is a deciduous tree of 7 – 8 m height, with a dense and
low crown (Silva et al., 2012). In Brazil, it occurs in Caatinga, sea coastal
vegetation (from Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul), São Francisco Valley
(Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Pernambuco) and Pantanal (State of Mato
Grosso) (Paulino et al., 2011).
In this paper we described these new species and presented an
illustrated key to
Bruggmanniella
species.
Material and Methods
Galls on
Miconia theaezans
(Melastomataceae) were collected in
Porcos farm, Dores do Indaiá, Minas Gerais, Brazil (19º 30’ 25.6” S and
45º 41’ 8.6” W) in February 2009. Galls on
Ocotea notate
(Lauraceae)
and
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
(Sapotaceae) were collected from April
2010 to March 2011 in Ilha da Marambaia, Mangaratiba (23º04’ S and
43º53’ W), RJ.
Galled branches were removed from the host plants and taken to
the laboratory for rearing of the gall midges. They were kept in plastic
pots layered at the bottom with damp cotton and covered by fine mesh,
being checked daily for emergence of adults. Immature insects were
obtained by dissecting some galls. All specimens were preserved in
70% ethanol.
The Cecidomyiidae specimens were mounted in slides following the
methodology outlined in Gagné (1994), except for using butyl acetate
instead of clove oil. All material is deposited in the Entomological
Collection of Museu Nacional (MNRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio
de Janeiro.
The field and laboratory work in Minas Gerais were carried out by
L.A.O. and those in Rio de Janeiro by A.R.R.. The species descriptions
and the key to
Bruggmanniella
species were elaborated by A.R.R.,
S.P.C.-F., and V.C.M.
Gagné et al. (2004) published the first key to the then six known
Bruggmanniella
species, which is herein updated to include the five
recently described species and the three new species. It was elaborated
based on the original descriptions of
Bruggmanniella
species and type
material of
B. byrsonimae
Maia and Couri, 1992,
B. doliocarpi
Maia,
2010 and
B. maytenuse
Maia and Couri, 1992. The illustrations of the
known species were redrawn from the original figures, except for the
three species cited above, which were drawn from the type material.
Some scales were not presented here because they were not provided
in the original descriptions.
Descriptions
Bruggmanniella miconiae
Carvalho-Fernandes, Maia & Rodrigues
new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E271753A-DD62-421B-8516-44D563D5237C.
(Figs. 2 and 3)
Diagnosis. Palpus one-segmented, male hypoproct deeply bilobed,
ovipositor rigid portion 1.6-1.9 length of 7th sternite, antennal horns
Figure 1. Galls of
Bruggmanniella
(Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). a) Stem gall on
Miconia
theaezans
(Bonpl.) Cogn (Melastomataceae) induced by
B
.
miconiae
new species, arrows
pointing pupal exuviae. b) Fruit gall on
Ocotea notata
(Nees and Mart.) Mez (Lauraceae)
induced by
B. notatae
new species. c) Fruit gall on
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
(Roem. and
Schult.) T. D. Penn. (Sapotaceae) induced by
B. sideroxyli
new species.
Figures 2.
Bruggmanniella miconiae
new species: a) female head, frontal view; b) male
flagellomere 9; c) female flagellomere 5; d) male, ovoid palpus; e) female, tarsal claw
and empodium of midleg; f) male, abdominal segments 6–8, lateral view; g) male,
terminalia, dorsal view; h) female, abdominal segments 5–8, dorsolateral view, detail
with sternites 6–7, ventral view. Scale bars in millimeters (mm).

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 2020 3-8
0.23-0.26 mm long with micro serrated margin, apical plate and
prothoracic integument with short spines, spatula four-toothed.
Adult. Body length: 1.96 – 2.32 mm in male (n = 3); 2.42 – 2.86 mm
in female (n =3, from head to eighth segment). Head (Fig. 2a): eyes totally
separated in vertex, facets circular, closely approximated, except in the
vertex. Antenna: scape obconic about 1.7 times length of the ovoid
pedicel; flagellomeres cylindrical with bare necks in both sexes and
the last one with an apical projection, first flagellomere 1.2 – 1.5 times
as long as the second one in male (n = 4), and 1.3 – 1.6 in female
(n = 4). Male flagellomeres (Fig. 2b) with slightly wavy circumfila and
female flagellomeres (Fig. 2c) with two connected ring-like circumfila.
Frontoclypeus with 30 – 34 setae. Labrum glossiform with rounded base,
long attenuate. Hypopharynx triangular longer than labrum, apically.
Labellae elongate-convex, each with three pairs of short mesal setae
and few lateral setae. Palpi with one segment, ovoid in six specimens
(five males and one female) (Fig. 2d) or claviform in three specimens
(all females) (Fig. 2a). In a single female, the left palpus is claviform,
while the right is ovoid.
Thorax: Wing length: 1.7 – 1.8 mm in male (n = 4), and 1.9 – 2.1 mm
in female (n = 4); R5 joining C beyond wing apex. Anepimeron setose.
Another pleura bare. Tarsal claws simple, curved beyond midlength,
empodia long reaching bend in claws (Fig. 2e).
Male abdomen (Fig. 2f): 1
st
– 7
th
tergites rectangular with a posterior
row of setae, lateral row of setae, one anterior pair of trichoid sensilla,
and elsewhere with scattered setulae. 8
th
tergite not sclerotized and one
anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. 1st – 6th sternites rectangular with a
posterior row of setae, lateral row of setae, some mesal setae, one anterior
pair of trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere covered with setulae. 7th sternite
rectangular with a posterior row of setae, lateral setae, mesal setae
distributed until proximal margin, one anterior pair of trichoid sensilla,
and elsewhere covered with setulae. 8
th
sternite rectangular, setose and
covered with setulae. Terminalia (Fig. 2g): gonocoxite cylindrical, about
2.2 times length of gonostylus; gonostylus cylindrical with some long
setae, gonostylus teeth triangular, in lateral view; cerci wide setulose
with divergent lobes and with setae only apically; hypropoct slightly
smaller than cerci, deeply bilobed, with two to three strongly setae
apically and microsetulae, aedeagus cylindrical longer than hypropoct.
Female abdomen (Fig. 2h): 1st – 7th tergites as in male. 8th tergite
rectangular with recess with scattered setulae. 1
st
– 6
th
sternites
as in male. 7th sternite from 2.8 to 3.9 as long as sternite 6 (n = 4),
strongly sclerotized, and completely covered with setae. 8th sternite
unsclerotized. Ovipositor: base pyriform, rigid portion 1.6 – 1.9 times
as long as 7th sternite (n= 4).
Pupa. Body length: 2.31 – 3.11 mm (n = 5). Cephalic region (Fig. 3a):
antennal horns, with 0.23 – 0.26 mm of length and 0.09 – 0.12 mm of
basal width, triangular, concave, with micro-serrated margin; cephalic
setae 0.07 mm of length (n = 5); frontal region with two pairs of lower
papillae, one setose and the other bare, lateral papillae not visible, upper
facial margin thickened laterally, apical plate integument with numerous
short spines (Fig. 3b). Prothoracic spiracle setiform (straight or curved),
0.14 – 0.17 mm of length (n = 5) (Figs. 3a and b). Prothoracic integument
with numerous short spines (Fig. 3b). 3rd – 9th abdominal segments
with numerous dorsal spines (Fig. 3c). Abdominal spiracles conical
on 3rd – 8th segments, length of abdominal spiracle 5: 0.05 – 0.07 mm
(n = 5). Terminal abdominal segment bilobed in male (Fig. 3d) and
rounded in females, with several dorsal spines.
Larva. white, body cylindrical, rounded anteriorly and tapered
posteriorly, length: 2.3 – 2.4 mm (n = 2), integument grainy. Prothoracic
spatula length, 0.25 – 0.31 mm (n = 5), width 0.12 – 0.14 (n = 4), with
4 acute teeth, the inner ones longer than the outer ones, and stalk thin;
three lateral setose papillae on each side of spatula (Fig. 3e). Terminal
segment rounded without visible papillae.
Material examined. Holotype: Male, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Dores
do Indaiá city, ii.2009, Oliveira, L. A. col.. Paratypes: same locality, data
and collector: 4 males, 5 females, 4 pupal exuvia and 5 larvae.
Additional material examined: Same locality, data and collector:
4 males, 6 females, and 14 pupal exuvia.
Gall. on stems of
M. theaezans
, globoid, brown, glabrous, and
one-chambered, with a single larva inside. The gall develops gregariously,
resembling a grape bunch, (Fig. 1a). Pupation takes place inside the
gall. The galls are induced at the beginning of raining season from
November to December and its maturation occurs during from the
end of January to February. When induced in young branches, these
galls cause dryness and branch break.
Etymology. The specific name is the genitive of the host plant genus.
Remarks. This new species is unique in having eyes totally separated
in the vertex; one-segmented palpus, ovipositor 1.6-1.9 as long as
7th sternite. This is the first
Bruggmanniella
species associated with
Melastomataceae.
Bruggmanniella notatae
Rodrigues & Maia new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:008CFD54-36DA-47AD-BBF8-FDFBE9CF4903.
(Figs. 2 and 3)
Diagnosis. Palpus three-segmented, male hypoproct bilobed,
ovipositor rigid portion 3.1 length of 7
th
sternite, antennal horns
0.11-0.18 mm long with micro serrated margin, prothoracic integument
grainy, spatula four-toothed.
Adult. Body length: 1.90 mm in male (n = 1); 2.30 – 2.20 mm in
female (n = 2). Head (Fig. 4a): eye connate in vertex, facets circular
closely approximated. Antenna: scape obconic, 1.16 times length of
pedicel; pedicel globose; flagellomeres cylindrical with bare necks in
both sexes, first flagellomere equal in length to the second one in male
Figures 3.
Bruggmanniella miconiae
new species: a) pupa, cephalic region and prothoracic
spiracle, frontal view; b) pupa, apical plate with integument detail and prothoracic
right side, dorsal view; c) pupa, abdominal segment 5 with dorsal spines, dorsolateral
view; d) pupa male, terminal segment, lateral view; e) larva, spatula, lateral and sternal
papillae, ventral view. Scale bars in millimeters (mm).

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 20204-8
(n = 2), and 1.3 times longer in female (n = 2). Male flagellomeres (Fig. 4b)
with slightly wavy circumfila and female flagellomeres (Fig. 4c) with
two connected ring-like circumfila. Frontoclypeus with at least 23 setae
(n = 1). Labrum elongated, apex triangular. Hypopharynx elongated,
apex rounded, longer than labrum, apically. Labella riniform, with short
mesal setae and few lateral setae. Palpi setose, three-segmented: first
segment short and ovoid; second segment cylindrical, 2 times length
of the first; third segment elongated and cylindrical, 2.0 times length
of the second.
Thorax: Wing length: 1.75 mm in male (n = 1), and 1.85 – 1.95 mm
in female (n = 2); R5 joining C beyond wing apex. Anepimeron setose.
Another pleura bare. Tarsal claws simple, curved beyond 2/3 basal,
empodia as long as bending claws (Fig. 4d).
Male abdomen (Fig. 4e): 1st – 7th tergites rectangular with a posterior
row of setae, lateral row of setae, one anterior pair of trichoid sensilla,
and elsewhere with scattered setulae. 8th tergite not sclerotized with
one anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. 1
st
– 7
th
sternites rectangular with
a posterior row of setae, lateral row of setae, some mesal setae, one
anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere covered with setulae.
8th sternite rectangular setose and covered with setulae. Terminalia
(Fig. 4f): gonocoxite cylindrical setose, about 3.1 times length of
gonostylus; gonostylus ovoid setose with some long setae, gonostylus
teeth triangular, in lateral view; cerci wide setose, lobes ovoid divergent,
with setae only apically; hypoproct setose slightly bilobed, with a pair
of setae apically, slightly longer than cercus; aedeagus triangular narrow
pointed at apex, almost as long as hypoproct.
Female abdomen (Fig. 4g): 1
st
– 7
th
tergites rectangular with a
posterior row of setae, lateral row of setae, one pair of trichoid sensilla.
8th tergite with scattered setulae. 1st – 6th sternites rectangular with a
posterior row of setae, lateral row of setae, some mesal setae, one pair
of trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere covered with setulae. 7th sternite
rectangular with apex rounded, about 2.2 times length of preceding
sternite, rectangular, more sclerotized at distal margin, with scattered
setae and two basal trichoid sensilla. 8
th
sternite unsclerotized. Ovipositor:
base tubular, rigid portion with 3.1 times length of 7th sternite.
Pupa. Body length: 2.31 – 2.73 mm (n = 6). Cephalic region
(Fig. 5a): antennal horns concave laterally, with micro-serrated margin,
0.11 – 0.18 mm of length (n = 6); cephalic setae 0.075 – 0.085 mm of
length (n = 6); two pairs of lower lateral papillae (one setose and the
other bare); three pairs of lateral papillae (two setose and one bare);
upper facial margin thickened laterally; apical plate integument smooth
(Fig. 5b). Prothoracic spiracle cylindrical and elongated, slightly curved,
0.17 – 0.23 mm of length (n= 6) (Figs. 5a and b). Prothoracic integument
grainy as in the Fig. 5b. 3rd – 9th abdominal segments with numerous
dorsal spines (Fig. 5c). Abdominal spiracles conical on 4
th
– 7
th
segments,
length of abdominal spiracle 5: 0.03 – 0.05 mm (n= 6). Terminal segment
bilobed in males (Fig. 5d) and rounded with a slightly reentrance in
females, with dorsal spines.
Larva. white, body cylindrical, rounded anteriorly and tapered to
end, length: 1.52 mm (n = 1), integument grainy. Prothoracic spatula
length: 0.20 mm (n = 1), width: 0.07 mm (n = 1); four-toothed, internal
teeth slightly longer than the external one; surrounding area pigmented;
three setose lateral papillae at each side (Fig. 5e). Terminal segment
rounded without visible papillae.
Material examined. Holotype: Male, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro,
Mangaratiba city, Ilha da Marambaia, Armação beach, 21.xi.2010,
Figures 4.
Bruggmanniella notatae
new species: a) female head, frontal view; b) male
flagellomere 4; c) female flagellomere 6; d) female tarsal claw and empodium of
midleg; e) male, abdominal segments 6–8, dorsolateral view; f) male, terminalia,
dorsolateral view; g) female, abdominal segments 5 – 8, dorsolateral view. Scale bars
in millimeters (mm).
Figures 5.
Bruggmanniella notatae
new species: a) pupa, cephalic region and prothoracic
spiracle, frontal view; b) pupa, apical plate and prothoracic right side, dorsal view;
c) pupa, abdominal segment 5 with dorsal spines, dorsal view; d) pupa male, terminal
segment, dorsal view; e) larva, spatula, sternal and lateral papillae, ventral view. Scale
bars in millimeters (mm).

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 2020 5-8
Rodrigues, A. R. col.. Paratypes: same locality, data and collector:
2 females, 1 pupa, 5 pupal exuvia, and 1 larva.
Gall. on fruits of
Ocotea notata
(Lauraceae), ovoid, yellow-green,
glabrous, one-chambered, with a single larva inside, pupation in the
gall (Fig. 1b). Fruit with gall similar to healthy fruit. Occurrence from
October to December of 2010.
Etymology. The specific name is the genitive of the host plant species.
Remarks.
Bruggmanniella. notatae
sp. nov. and
B. persae
Gagné,
2004 are unique among the other congeneric species in having larva
with sclerotized area around the prothoracic spatula, but the former
differs by having prothoracic spatula with all teeth acute and pupal
antennal horns strongly concave laterally, while the latter has the
prothoracic spatula with mesal teeth less acute than the lateral and
pupal antennal horns strongly concave laterally.
Bruggmanniella sideroxyli
Rodrigues & Maia new species
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:959F93C7-C2BC-4C0A-936D-9ECFC08D1F1B
(Figs. 6 and 7)
Diagnosis. Palpus three-segmented, flagellomeres with striated
short necks, male hypoproct deeply bilobed, ovipositor rigid portion
2.2-3.0 length of 7th sternite, antennal horns 0.21-0.26 mm long with
micro serrated margin, apical plate rough and prothoracic integument
rough, spatula four-toothed.
Adult. Body length: 2.10 – 2.88 mm in male (n = 2); 2.47 –2.78 mm
in female (n = 3). Head (Fig. 6a): eye connate in vertex, facets circular
closely approximated. Antenna: scape obconic, 1.4 times length of
pedicel; pedicel globose; flagellomeres cylindrical with striated short
necks in both sexes, first flagellomere equal in length to the second
one in male (n = 2), and 1.2 – 1.4 times longer in female (n = 2). Male
flagellomeres (Fig. 6b) with slightly wavy circumfila, female flagellomeres
(Fig. 6c) with two connected ring-like circumfila. Frontoclypeus with
17 – 22 setae (n = 3). Labrum elongated, apex triangular. Hypopharynx
elongated, apex triangular, longer than labrum, apically. Labella
triangular, each with three short mesal setae and few lateral setae.
Palpi setose three-segmented: first segment short and ovoid; second
segment cylindrical; third segment elongated and cylindrical, as long
as the second.
Thorax: Wing length: male with 1.60 – 1.82 mm (n = 3); female with
2.21 – 2.27 mm (n = 3); R5 joining C beyond wing apex. Anepimeron
setose. Another pleura bare. Tarsal claws simple, curved beyond
midlength, empodia almost as long as bending claws (Fig. 6d).
Male abdomen (Fig. 6e): 1st – 7th tergites rectangular with a posterior
row of setae, lateral row of setae, one pair of trichoid sensilla, and
elsewhere with scattered setulae. 8th tergite not sclerotized with one
pair of trichoid sensilla. 1st – 7th sternites rectangular with a posterior
row of setae, lateral row of setae, some mesal setae, one anterior pair
of trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere covered with setulae. 8th sternite
rectangular setose and covered with setulae, with one anterior pair
of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia (Fig. 6f): gonocoxite cylindrical with
setae and microsetae, about 2.8 times length of gonostylus; gonostylus
ovoid with short setae and microsetae, apical teeth triangular, slightly
askew in lateral view; cerci narrow setulose with triangular lobes,
slightly longer than hypoproct; hypoproct deeply bilobed, with setae
and microsetulae; aedeagus narrow pointed at apex, longer than cerci.
Female abdomen (Fig. 6g): 1
st
– 7
th
tergites rectangular with a
posterior row of setae, lateral row of setae, one anterior pair of trichoid
sensilla, and elsewhere with scattered setulae. 8th tergite with scattered
Figures 6.
Bruggmanniella sideroxyli
new species: a) female head, frontal view; b) male
flagellomere 3; c) female flagellomere 4; d) male, claw and empodium of midleg;
e) male, abdominal segments 6 – 8, lateral view; f) male, terminalia, dorsal view;
g) female, abdominal segments 5 – 8, dorsolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters (mm).
Figures 7.
Bruggmanniella sideroxyli
new species: a) pupa, cephalic region and
prothoracic spiracle, frontal view; b) pupa, apical plate and prothoracic right side,
dorsal view; c) pupa, abdominal segment 5 with dorsal spines, dorsal view; d) pupa,
terminal segment, dorsal view; e) larva, spatula, sternal and lateral papillae, ventral
view. Scale bars in millimeters (mm).

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 20206-8
setulae. 1st – 6th sternites rectangular with a posterior row of setae,
lateral row of setae, some mesal setae, one anterior pair of trichoid
sensilla, and elsewhere covered with setulae. 7th sternite rectangular
with apex rounded, about 2.04 – 2.12 length of preceding sternite,
rectangular, more sclerotized at distal margin, with scattered setae
and one anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. 8th sternite unsclerotized.
Ovipositor: base pyriform, rigid portion with 2.2 – 3.0 times length
of 7th sternite.
Pupa. Body length: 2.95 – 3.36 mm (n = 3). Cephalic region (Fig. 7a):
antennal horns, triangular with micro-serrated margin, 0.21 – 0.26 mm
of length (n = 3); cephalic setae 0.07 – 0.10 mm of length (n = 3);
two pairs of lower lateral papillae (one setose and the other bare); three
pairs of lateral papillae (two setose and one bare); upper facial margin
thickened laterally; apical plate integument rough (Fig. 7b). Prothoracic
spiracle cylindrical, elongated and straight, 0.32 – 0.35 mm of length
(n = 3) (Figs. 7a and b). Prothoracic integument grainy as in the Fig. 7b.
3rd – 9th abdominal segments with dorsal spines (Fig. 7c), abdominal
spiracles conical on 4th – 6th segments, length of abdominal spiracle 5:
0.05 – 0.06 mm (n = 3). Terminal segment bilobed in males (Fig. 7d)
and rounded in females, with numerous dorsal spines.
Larva. white, body cylindrical, rounded anteriorly and tapered to
end, length: 2.00 – 2.18 mm (n = 3), integument grainy. Prothoracic
spatula length: 0.26 – 0.32 mm (n = 3), width: 0.11 – 0.13 mm (n = 3);
four-toothed, internal teeth slightly larger than the external ones;
stalk less sclerotized; three lateral papillae at each side with long
setae; sternal papillae longer and stronger (Fig. 7e). Terminal segment
rounded, without visible papillae.
Material examined. Holotype: Male, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro,
Mangaratiba city, Ilha da Marambaia, Armação beach, 25.vii.2010,
Rodrigues, A. R. col.. Paratypes: same locality, data and collector:
7 females, and 9 pupal exuvia. Paratypes: same collector: 1 female,
5 pupae and 5 larvae, Caju beach, 25.vii.2010. Paratypes: same collector:
2 males, Caju beach, 21.vi.2010.
Gall. on fruits of
S. obtusifolium
, ovoid, green, glabrous, multi-chambered,
with a single larva inside each chamber, pupation in the gall (Fig. 1c).
Fruit with gall similar to healthy fruit. Occurrence from June to August,
and from October to November of 2010.
Etymology. The specific name is the genitive of the host plant genus.
Remarks. The new species is unique in presenting antennal
flagellomeres with striated necks (adults) and prothoracic spatula with
long and strong setiform sternal papillae (larva). This is the first record
of galling insect associated with
S. obtusifolium
.
Discussion
The differences among the three new species described here and
other
Bruggmanniella
species are found in the key. It is notable that
Bruggmanniella
species does not occur on leaves. They induce galls
on stems (
B. braziliensis
Tavares, 1909;
B. doliocarpi
;
B. duguetiae
Urso-Guimarães and Amorim, 2004;
B. actinodaphnes
;
B. cinnamomi
;
B. oblita
and
B. miconiae,
new species), fruits (
B. persae
Gagné et al.,
2004;
B. maytenuse
;
B. notatae
, new species and
B. sideroxyli,
new
species), twigs (
B. bumeliae
), ovaries (
B. ingae
Urso-Guimarães and
Amorim, 2004), and flower buds (
B. byrsonimae
).
B. miconiae
sp. nov. is morphologically similar to
B. duguetiae
. Both
species have four-toothed spatula (larva), antennal horns minutely
serrated (pupa), and eyes separate in vertex (adult), but they differ
mainly by the palpi (one-segmented in the former and three-segmented
in the latter) and length of female flagellomeres (conspicuously shorter
in
B. miconiae
than in
B. duguetiae
).
B. notatae
sp. nov. is morphologically similar to
B. persae
while
B. sideroxyli
sp. nov. is morphologically similar to
B. maytenuse
. These
four species have a long four-toothed spatula, antennal horns minutely
serrated (pupa), and eyes connected in vertex (adult). Additionally,
only
B. notatae
sp. nov. and
B. persae
have spatula with pigmented
surrounding area. Nevertheless,
B. notatae
sp. nov. differs from
B. persae
by the spatula teeth (larva) and antennal horns shape (pupa). While in
B. notatae
sp. nov., all teeth are equally acute and the antennal projection
is highly convex, in
B. persae
the outer teeth are more acute than mesal
ones and the antennal projection is slightly convex.
B. sideroxyli
sp.
nov. can be distinguishable from
B. maytenuse
due to the shape of the
antennal horns (convex laterally only in the latter) and relative length
of spatula teeth (mesal teeth slightly longer than the lateral ones in
B. sideroxyli
and conspicuously longer than those in
B. maytenuse
).
Key to
Bruggmanniella
species
1. Larval spatula with four apical teeth (Fig. 3e) ................................... 2
- Larval spatula with less than four apical teeth (Fig. 8a) ...............11
2. Pupal antennal horn, coarsely serrate (Fig. 8b) .................................3
- Pupal antennal horn, minutely serrate (Fig. 7a) ............................... 5
3. Empodia longer than bend tarsal claws (Fig. 8c), on
Sorocea ilicicola
(Moraceae), Brazil
....................................B. braziliensis
Tavares, 1909
Refs.: Tavares (1909); Möhn (1963)
- Empodia shorter than or equal to bend tarsal claws, on other
plants ..............................................................................................................4
4. Empodia shorter than bend tarsal claws, female flagellomeres
not wavy (Fig. 8d), ovary galls on
Inga edulis
(Fabaceae),
Brazil ............................
B. ingae
Urso-Guimarães and Amorim, 2004
Ref.: Urso-Guimarães and Amorim (2004)
- Empodia equal in length of bend tarsal claws, female flagellomeres
wavy (Fig. 8e), flower bud galls on
Byrsonima sericea
(Malpighiaceae),
Brazil ............................................
B. byrsonimae
Maia and Couri, 1992
Refs.: Maia et al. (1992); Maia (2001)
5. Eyes of adult connected in vertex (Fig. 4a) ......................................... 6
- Eyes of adult separated in vertex (Fig. 2a) ........................................ 10
6. Larval spatula short, with a large and short shaft (Fig. 8f), male
hypoproct bilobed, on
Doliocarpus dentatus
(Dilleniaceae),
Brazil ...................................................................
B. doliocarpi
Maia, 2010
Ref.: Maia et al. (2010)
- Larval spatula long, with a not large and long shaft (Fig. 8g), on
other plants .................................................................................................. 7
7. Larval spatula with pigmented surrounding area (Fig. 5e) ...........8
- Larval spatula with not pigmented surrounding area (Fig. 7e) ....9
8. Larval spatula with all teeth acute (Fig. 5e), pupa with antennal horns,
highly concave (Fig. 5a), fruit galls on
Ocotea notata
(Lauraceae),
Brazil ......................................................................
B. notatae
new species
- Larval spatula with lateral teeth more acute than mesal ones
(Fig. 8g), pupa with antennal horns slightly concave (Fig. 8h), on
Persea americana
(Lauraceae), Colombia and Costa Rica
...................
.................................................................................B. perseae
Gagné, 2004
Ref.: Gagné et al. (2004)
9. Pupal antennal horns narrow at base, slightly tapering (Fig. 8i),
larval spatula with mesal teeth conspicuously longer than the lateral
ones (Fig. 9a), fruit galls on
Maytenus obtusifolia
(Celastraceae),
Brazil ............................................
B. maytenuse
Maia and Couri, 1992
Refs.: Maia et al. (1992); Maia (1999)
- Pupal antennal horns wide at base, strongly tapering (Fig. 7a),
larval spatula with mesal teeth slightly longer than the lateral
ones (Fig. 7e), on
Sideroxylon obtusifolium
(Sapotaceae), Brazil
...
..............................................................................B. sideroxyli
new species
10. Eyes of adult slightly separate in vertex (Fig. 9b), palpus
three-segmented (Fig. 9b), stem galls on
Duguetia furfuracea
(Annonaceae), Brazil
B. duguetiae
Urso-Guimarães and Amorim, 2004

A.R. Rodrigues et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201917, 2020 7-8
Ref.: Urso-Guimarães and Amorim (2004)
- Eyes of adult widely separated in vertex (Fig. 2a), palpus
one-segmented (Fig. 2a), on
Miconia theaezans
(Melasomataceae),
Brazil .................................................................
B. miconiae
new species
11. Larval spatula with two teeth (Fig. 8a) ..............................................12
- Larval spatula with three teeth (Fig. 9c) ............................................ 13
12. Male hypoproct with U-shaped emargination (Fig. 9d), pupal antennal
horns with three lateral teeth (Fig. 9e), stem galls on
Actinodaphne
lancifolia
(Lauraceae), Japan
B. actinodaphnes
Tokuda and Yukawa, 2006
Ref.: Tokuda and Yukawa (2006)
- Male hypoproct barely emarginated (Fig. 9f), pupal antennal horns
without additional projection (Fig. 9g), on
Cinnamomum japonicum
(Lauraceae), Japan
...........B. cinnamomi
Tokuda and Yukawa, 2006
Ref.: Tokuda and Yukawa (2006)
13. Pupal antennal horns twice as long as widest diameter (Fig. 9h),
twig galls on
Bumelia lanuginosa
(Sapotaceae), USA and Mexico .
..................................................................................
B. bumeliae
Felt, 1907
Refs.: Felt (1907); Gagné (1994)
- Pupal antennal horns approximately as long as widest diameter
(Fig. 9i), stem galls on
Schinus
sp. (Anacardiaceae), Brazil ..............
..................................................................................
B. oblita
Tavares, 1920
Refs.: Tavares (1920); Möhn (1961)
Acknowledgments
To Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
(CNPq) for financial support and Centro de Avalição da Ilha da Marambaia
(CADIM – Marinha do Brasil) for allowing this research and providing
information and infrastructure.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author contribution statement
We thank the reviewer for the corrections and improvements. Only,
at the end of the methodology, we prefer to keep the explanation of
how the original figures were redrawn and some were drawn from
the types themselves.
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