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Taxonomic Synopsis of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil

December 2019
Phytotaxa 427(3):131-185

December 2019
427(3):131-185

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.1

Authors:

Alessandro Oliveira de Souza

University of Brasília

Marcos José Silva

Universidade Federal de Goiás

Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae and comprises 330 species, of these, 222 species are present in the Phytogeographic Cerrado Domain in Brazil. The taxonomy of the genus in Brazil continues to need study. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis of Chamaecrista for the Chapada dos Veadeiros (CV) region, which is located in the northern portion of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fieldwork was carried out in the area between 2010 and 2018; we also reviewed the literature and about 1500 herbarium collections to build the synopsis of species presented here. We record 65 species (71 taxa) of Chamaecrista occurring in the CV, corresponding to 60% of the species registered for the state of Goiás; 49 species at Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP), 27 and 19 are endemic to the state of Goiás and the studied area respectively. An identification key and distribution maps, as well as comments on morphology and conservation status are presented, together with photograhs of the species in the field.

A. Map showing the location of the Chapada dos Veadeiros region and its main vegetation types: B. campo limpo, C. campo rupestre, D. campo sujo, E. cerrado rupestre, F. cerrado típico and G. vereda.

…

A-C: Chamaecrista acosmifolia var. oropedii, A. fertile branch, B. flower, C. detail of leaf and inflorescence, D-F: Ch. altoana, D. habit, E. fertile branch; F. Detail of the series of stipules at the base of the inflorescence indicated by the white arrow; G and H: Ch. andersonii, G. fertile branch and H. Detail of the inflorecence, flowers and buds.

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A. Chamaecrista basifolia; B-D: Ch. benthamii, B. fertile branches, C. detail of leaf and flowers; D. flower; E. Ch. brachyblepharis; F. Ch. burchellii; G and H: Ch. cavalcantina, G. habit, H. fertile branch; I and J: Ch. chrysosepala, I. habit and J. Detail of leaves and inflorescence.

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A-C: Chamaecrista ciliolata, A. fertile branch, B. Detail od the leaflets, C. Detail of the inflorescence; D-G: Ch. claussenii var. claussenii, D. habit, E. stem and leaves, F. detail of the wax in the branches, G. flowers; H-K: Ch. claussenii var. megacycle, H. habit, I. inflorescence, J. leaves and K. flower.

…

+14

A and B: Ch. conferta var. machrisiana; C and D: Ch. conferta var. simulans; E and F: Ch. conferta var. virgata; G and H: Ch. cotinifolia var. glaberrima, G. habit and H. fertile branch.

…

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Phytotaxa 427 (3): 131–185

https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

Accepted by Rafael Pinto: 20 Nov. 2019; published: 23 Dec. 2019

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.1

131

Taxonomic Synopsis of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)

in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil

ALESSANDRO OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA1*, GWILYM PETER LEWIS2 & MARCOS JOSÉ DA SILVA3

1Postgraduate Program in Botany, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70.919–970, Brasília, DF,

Brazil.

2 Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom.

3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Samambaia II, CP. 131.

74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.

*Corresponding author: alessandro341@hotmail.com

Abstract

Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae and comprises 330 species, of these,

222 species are present in the Phytogeographic Cerrado Domain in Brazil. The taxonomy of the genus in Brazil continues

to need study. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis of Chamaecrista for the Chapada dos Veadeiros (CV) region, which is

located in the northern portion of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fieldwork was carried out in the area between 2010 and 2018;

we also reviewed the literature and about 1500 herbarium collections to build the synopsis of species presented here. We

record 65 species (71 taxa) of Chamaecrista occurring in the CV, corresponding to 60% of the species registered for the state

of Goiás; 49 species at Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP), 27 and 19 are endemic to the state of Goiás and the

studied area respectively. An identification key and distribution maps, as well as comments on morphology and conservation

status are presented, together with photograhs of the species in the field.

Keywords: diversity, endemism, Fabaceae, flora

Introduction

The state of Goiás in Brazil contains several areas of botanical richness and species endemism worthy of conservation

attention (Felfili et al. 2007). The state is located predominantly in the Cerrado Phytogeographical Domain (PDC),

one of the world`s biodiversity hotspots (Silva & Bates 2002, Novaes et al. 2003, Klink & Machado 2005). One of

these botanically rich areas is the Chapada dos Veadeiros (CV), an important region of the PDC composed of several

phytophysiognomies including campos limpo, campos sujo, cerrado típico and cerrado rupestre, as well as floresta

sacional and floresta de galeria (Felfili et al. 2007, Ribeiro & Walter 1998).

The CV comprises one of the largest centers of plant diversity and endemism in Central Brazil (Munhoz &

Proença 1998, Felfili et al. 2007) with 120 families and about 2661 species recorded, some recently described

(Pastore & Marques 2009, Souza & Bove 2011, Silva et al. 2014 and 2015, Silva & Souza 2014). Among the families

registered for the CV by Felfili et al. (2007), Leguminosae stands out with 72 genera and 326 species currently listed.

However, in this region knowledge about the diversity of the family results from the compilation of general floristic

and phytosociological studies and revisions of selected genera from savanna areas of the central portion of the country.

This means that the richness of the family is underestimated and many of its species have not yet been recorded

or revealed as new to science. Although the Felfili et al. (2007) publication was an important contribution to the

knowledge of the flora of the CV, it includes some erroneously identified taxa and outdated nomenclature.

Chamaecrista (Linnaeus 1753: 379) Moench (1794: 272) is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae subfamily

Caesalpinioideae (sensu LPWG 2017) with close to 330 species distributed throughout the tropics of the world (Irwin

& Barneby 1982, Lewis 2005). The genus has its main center of diversity in Brazil with 272 species (213 endemic)

distributed mainly in cerrado (savanna) vegetation of the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás and Bahia with 151, 109, and

87 species, respectively (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Flora do Brasil 2020, under construction).

The genus includes herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and trees, leaves with concave extrafloral nectaries, or these lacking,

DE SOUZA ET AL.

a pair of bracteoles at the middle or on the upper third of the pedicel, asymmetric flowers with yellow petals, an

isomorphic androecium with the anthers larger than the filaments and pubescent laterally; as well as elastically

dehiscent pods (Irwin & Barneby 1982).

The main taxonomic studies of Chamaecrista for the Neotropics are those of Irwin & Barneby (1978, 1982). Since

those studies were published, all subsequent studies for Brazil have been floristic accounts: Conceição et al. (2001),

Camargo & Miotto (2004), Queiroz & Loiola (2009), Dantas & Silva (2013), Rando et al. (2013), Souza & Silva

(2015a). Nevertheless, some infra-generic groups and some geographical regions remain poorly studied.

A survey of the flora of the CV performed by Felfili et al. (2007) reported 48 species of Chamaecrista, which

ranked the genus as the second most speciose in the Leguminosae in the CV region after Mimosa L. (61 spp.). However,

the number of species reported by Felfili is out of date and recent exploration of the CV area has registered new regional

records for the genus. In addition, many new species of Chamaecrista have been described recently (e.g. Conceição et

al. 2001, Souza & Silva 2015b, Souza & Silva 2015c, Souza et al. 2015, Silva & Souza 2017, Souza & Silva 2018),

and some of these are from the CV region.

Our study is a taxonomic synopsis of the Chamaecrista species occurring in the CV. An identification key to

species, comments on their morphological similarities, their geographic distribution (including maps), conservation

status and images are presented.

Material and methods

The CV region (Fig. 1) is located in the Northern Mesoregion of the state of Goiás and includes the municipalities

of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Campos Belos, Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul, Monte Alegre de Goiás, Nova Roma, São João

D’Aliança and Teresina de Goiás with an area of 23,366.95 km2. Within the region there are important permanent

conservation areas protected by law, such as the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP), which covers 240,000

ha and is a World Natural Heritage site (Felfili et al. 2007), as well as 20 Private Conservation Areas.

The CV region has a relatively high relief, with elevations of between 800 and 1650 m (Felfili et al. 2007), a

climate of the type CWbl (Köppen 1948) with an average annual rainfall between 1500, 1750 mm, and temperatures

between 24 and 26 ºC. The region comprises a mosaic of phyto-physiognomies (Fig. 1), including forest formations

(e.g. floresta tropical sazonalmente seca, floresta de galeria and cerradão), savanic formations (e.g. cerrado denso,

cerrado típico, cerrado ralo and cerrado rupestre, Vereda and Palmeiral), as well as various grassland formations (e.g.

campos limpos, campos sujos, campos rupestre) associated with the Cerrado Phytogeographical Domain. The latter

two vegetation types are the most predominant (Ribeiro & Walter 1998, Felfili et al. 2007).

Between 2010 and 2018, monthly excursions were carried out to collect, Chamaecrista species in these various

phyto-physiognomies, following the recommendations of Mori et al. (1989). During species collection, information

on habit, flower and fruit colour, were recorded and the collections were georeferenced. Flowers and fruits were fixed

in 70% ethyl alcohol to help with later identification. A top set of specimens was incorporated into the the Herbarium

of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and duplicates have been sent to selected national and international herbaria.

In addition to the field collections, specimens housed in the following national herbaria: BHCB, CEN, EAC, HEPH,

HUEFS, IBGE, INPA, MBM, UB, UEG, UFG and international herbaria: F, NY, P were studied to build the species

diagnoses, calculate their extent of occurrence, determine their conservation status, and phenology.

The species were identified using the available published literature (e.g. Irwin 1964, Irwin & Barneby 1976, 1978

and 1982, Queiroz 2009), comparisons with collections housed in the aforementioned herbaria, as well as images of

type specimens available in databases such as JSTOR Plant Science (https://www.jstor.org/). Conservation assessments

are based on the total distribuition of the species and the calculation of the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) using GeoCat

(Bachman et al. 2011) and considering the criteria and categories of the IUCN Red List (2017), where EX = Exitinct,

EW = Extinct in the wild, CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened,

LC = Least Concern, DD = Data Deficient and NE = Not Evaluated. More widely distributed taxa occurring in all

regions of Brazil or extending to other countries were already considered to be of Least Concern (LC) due to their

EOO. Species distribution maps were prepared to the CV region using QGIS software version 2.8.2 (Quantum GIS

Development Team 2018). The geographical coordinates for mapping and calculating the EOO were obtained in the

field or from herbarium specimen labels. The infraspecific categories (subspecies and varieties) of Chamaecrista

proposed by Irwin & Barneby (1982) were all considered in our study, since some of them are differentiated by

discontinuous characters. The types of vegetation cited follow Ribeiro & Walter (1998) for the Cerrado Biome, and

IBGE (2012) for other areas of Brazil.

Results and discussion

Taxonomic treatment

Chamaecrista (Linnaeus 1753: 379) Moench (1794: 272).

Subshrubs, shrubs or rarely herbs or trees, with or without a xylopodium, prostrate, decumbent or erect, glabrous

or with various indumentum types represented by tectors or glandular hairs or these mixed. Stipules usually persistent,

of varying shape, size and dimension, glabrous or not. Leaves sessile or petiolate, paripinnate, alternate distichous or

spiral, leaflets in 2 to 65 pairs per leaf. Extrafloral nectaries, when present, usually 1 or rarely up to 5 per leaf, sessile

or stalked, patelliform, cupuliform or circular, located on the petiole or less frequently on the rachis. Inflorescence a

raceme, panicle, fascicle or flowers solitary, axillary, supra-axillary or terminal. Flowers dichlamydeous, 5-merous,

asymmetric, aposepalous and apopetalous, pedicel with a pair of bracteoles; calyx with sepals equal or slightly unequal

in size, glabrous or indumented, yellowish green, with or without reddish spots; corolla predominantly yellow or orange,

with an adaxial petal sometimes resembling the standard petal of a papilionoid flower, or all five petals similar in form,

with two upper lateral petals and two lower lateral petals, one of these being differentiated from the other petals and

commonly falcate and sometimes interposed to the stamens; androecium composed of 3–10 stamens, isomorphic or of

subequal size, anthers basifixed larger than the filaments that support them, and with an apical poricidal dehiscence,

pubescent laterally; gynoecium with ovary glabrous or with indumentum, oblong, dorsoventrally flattened, sessile with

the style curved at the apex and a punctiform stigma covered by a crown of trichomes. Pod oblong or linear-oblong,

flattened, elastically dehiscent, with coriaceous or cartilaginous, brown, red or yellowish green valves, glabrous or

with various trichomes. Seeds rectangular, rhomboid, ovoid to obovoid, usually glossy.

Chamaecrista in the CV region is represented by 65 species (71 taxa), corresponding to 60% of the species of the

genus cited for the state of Goiás by the BFG (2015), 49 of which are present in the CVNP.

Of the total number of species recorded, 27 are endemic to the state of Goiás and 19 to the studied area: Chamaecrista

altoana (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 122) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654), Ch. brachyblepharis (Harms 1924: 130) Irwin

& Barneby (1982: 655), Ch. conferta var. simulans (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 196) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658), Ch.

conferta var. machrisiana (Cowan 1957: 12) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658), Ch. dawsonii (Cowan 1957: 15) H.S. Irwin

& Barneby (1982: 655), Ch. elata Souza & Silva (2018: 242), Ch. frondosa Silva & Souza (2014: 182), Ch. fulgida

Barneby (1999: 336), Ch. gymnothyrsa (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 146) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655), Ch. irwiniana

Souza & Silva In Souza et al. (2015: 144), Ch. leucopilis (Harms 1924: 136) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 650), Ch.

obolaria (Irwin & Barneby 1982: 654) Souza & Silva In Souza et al. (2015: 257), Ch. ochrosperma (Irwin & Barneby

1978: 73) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 651), Ch. polymorpha (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 73) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653),

Ch. psoraleopsis (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 111) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653), Ch. sparsifolia Souza & Silva In Souza

et al. (2015: 254), Ch. spinulosa (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 222) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 659), Ch. tenuicaulis Souza &

Silva (2015b: 166) and Ch. venatoria (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 37) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 648).

The species recorded are distributed in three of the six sections of the genus recognized by Irwin & Barneby

(1982), 52 belonging to Chamaecrista sect. Absus (Colladon 1816: 116) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 644), nine to sect.

Chamaecrista, and three to sect. Xerocalyx (Bentham 1870: 155) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 862).

Some of the endemic species of the CV region occur in unprotected areas (e.g. Ch. andersonii, Ch. brachyblepharis

and Ch. dawsonii). Some species of Chamaecrista recorded for the CV region, mainly in Felfilli et al. (2007), are based

on incorrect identifications, and we do not consider Ch. campicola (Harms 1924: 126) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 651),

Ch. decumbens (Bentham 1840: 79) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654), Ch. nummulariifolia (Bentham 1840: 144) Irwin &

Barneby (1982: 654) and Ch. strictula (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 120) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654) to occur in the CV

area.

The taxa included in this study are differentiated by a combination of characters that include plant habit, presence

or absence of extrafloral nectaries and glandular trichomes, type of inflorescence, number of leaflets per leaf and

orientation, shape and consistency of the leaflets. A key to taxon identification is presented below.

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Key to the taxa of Chamaecrista occurring in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region

1. Leaves with nectaries on the petiole ...................................................................................................................................................2

- Leaves without nectaries ..................................................................................................................................................................15

2. Leaves with 3–65 pairs of leaflets, venation pinnate; sepals of equal or sub-equal size and not prominently parallel-veined (Ch.

sect. Chamaecrista) ............................................................................................................................................................................3

- Leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets, venation of leaflets parallel; calyx with sepals at once strongly graduated in length and

prominently parallel-veined (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx) ...........................................................................................................................10

3. Branches flexuous; leaves with 26–65 pairs of leaflets ......................................................................................................................4

- Branches straight; leaves with 3–22 pairs of leaflets .........................................................................................................................5

4. Stipules with base semi-cordate; petiole with 1–3 nectaries; stamens 10 ............................................ 23. Ch. flexuosa var. flexuosa

- Stipules with base oblique; petiole with 1 nectary; stamens 7–9 ............................................................................ 46. Ch. oligandra

5. Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles ..............................................................................................................................................6

5’. Flowers in supra-axillary fascicles .....................................................................................................................................................9

6. Leaflets 2–4.8 cm long, coriaceous with prominent veins on both surfaces ..............................................................7. Ch. burchellii

- Leaflets 0.3–1 cm long, papyraceous, without prominent veins ........................................................................................................7

7. Plants erect; leaves with 11–20 pairs of leaflets; stamens 10 ................................................................................ 63. Ch. trichopoda

- Plants prostrate or procumbent; leaves with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; stamens 3–7 ................................................................................8

8. Branches and leaflets glabrous; leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets; pedicels 2.5–6.5 mm long .................................... 32. Ch. kunthiana

- Branches and abaxial surface of leaflets densely pilose with whitish trichomes; leaves with (3–) 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets; pedicels

5–30 mm long ..............................................................................................................................................................61. Ch. supplex

9. Nectaries on petiole and rachis ....................................................................................................27. Ch. glandulosa var. brasiliensis

- Nectaries only on petiole ....................................................................................................................... 42. Ch. nictitans var. ramosa

10. Leaves with 1 pair of leaflets ......................................................................................................................................19. Ch. diphylla

- Leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets ..........................................................................................................................................................11

11. Petiole up to 3 mm long; leaflets oblanceolate or falcate .................................................................................................................12

- Petiole over 3 mm long; leaflets obovate, suborbicular, lanceolate or oblanceolate ........................................................................13

12. Leaflets elliptic-falcate, veins curved; pedicel 2–10 mm long ..........................................................54.1. Ch. ramosa var. curvifolia

- Leaflets linear-oblanceolate, not falcate, veins straight; pedicel 11–17 mm long ......................... 54.2. Ch. ramosa var. parvifoliola

13. Stipules 15–26 × 10–20 mm, suborbicular or widely elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded ................18.2. Ch. desvauxii var. latistipula

- Stipules 5–16 × 2.5–10 mm, ovate, apex acute ................................................................................................................................14

14. Plant erect with a single stem only branching at its apex; leaflets narrowly elliptic, oblong-elliptic or linear-oblanceolate, 3.5–8

(–10) times longer than wide ...................................................................................................... 18.1. Ch. desvauxii var. langsdorffii

- Plant decumbent, caespitose, branching from the base; leaflets obovate, 2–4 times longer than wide ...............................................

......................................................................................................................................................18.3. Ch. desvauxii var. mollissima

15. Plants without glandular trichomes or other glandular structures; flowers in fascicles or solitary; androecium with 5 fertile stamens

(Ch. sect. Chamaecrista) ..................................................................................................................................................................16

- Plants with glandular trichomes or glutinous dots on leaves, inflorescence axis and/or pods (except for Ch. benthamii and Ch.

conferta); flowers in racemes or panicles; androecium with 10 fertile stamens (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus) ..........................17

16. Plant erect; leaves caducous or present only at the base of the plant; stipules imbricate on branches .......................4. Ch. basifolia

- Plant prostrate or decumbent; leaves persistent throughout the whole plant; stipules not imbricate on branches ...............................

....................................................................................................................................................56. Ch. rotundifolia var. grandiflora

17. Leaves with 1 pair of leaflets (occasionally with 2 pairs in Ch. crommyotricha, but these are linear-oblanceolatd with glutinous dots

on the abaxial face) ...........................................................................................................................................................................18

- Leaves with 2 or more pairs of leaflets (occasionally some basal leaves of Ch. floribunda with only 1 pair), never linear-oblanceolate

and without glutinous dots................................................................................................................................................................23

18. Leaflets linear or oblanceolate with glutinous dots on the abaxial surface; inconspicuous secondary veins on both surfaces ...........

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................19

- Leaflets elliptic, obovate, suborbicular or spatulate, without glutinous dots; conspicuous secondary veins at least on their abaxial

face ...................................................................................................................................................................................................20

19. Leaves always with 1 pair of leaflets; petiole 2–5.5 mm long; buds penta-angular ...........................................34. Ch. lavradioides

- Leaves with 1(2) pairs of viscous leaflets; petiole 6–15 mm long; buds not angled .......................................15. Ch. crommyotricha

20. Leaflets 7–16.5 cm long, spatulate, discolorous, rough on the adaxial face, secondary and tertiary veins prominent on the abaxial

face ...............................................................................................................................................................................57. Ch. scabra

- Leaflets 1.5–6 cm long, elliptic or suborbicular, concolorous, smooth on the adaxial face, secondary veins impressed or slightly

prominent, tertiary veins always impressed on both surfaces ..........................................................................................................21

21. Shrubs, 1.5–6 m tall; petiole 2–6 mm long; leaflets obovate or elliptic-obovate, mucronate at apex .....................60. Ch. spinulosa

- Subshrubs, 10–70 cm tall; petiole 0.9–7 cm long; leaflets suborbicular, not mucronate at apex.....................................................22

22. Plant erect; stipules caducous; leaflets 2.5 to 6 cm long, coriaceous; pedicel 0.8–1.5 cm long ...13. Ch. cotinifolia var. glaberrima

- Plant decumbent; stipules persistent; leaflets 1.5–3 cm long, chartaceous; pedicel 1.5–5.5 cm long ................33. Ch. lavradiiflora

23. Branches with stellate or arborescent trichomes ..............................................................................................................................24

- Branches with trichomes but these not stellate or arborescent .........................................................................................................25

24. Leaflets oblanceolate with a revolute margin; petiole and rachis winged; sepals long-acuminate and longer than the petals ............

................................................................................................................................................................................ 49. Ch. paniculata

- Leaflets elliptic with plane margin; petiole and rachis not winged; sepals obtuse or acute, shorter than the petals ............................

................................................................................................................................................................................. 35. Ch. leucopilis

25. Trees, the trunk sometimes tortuous, bark fissured ..........................................................................................................................26

- Subshrubs or shrubs; bark not fissured .............................................................................................................................................28

26. Leaflets oblong or elliptic, discolorouss, adaxial face green and opaque, the abaxial face green, glossy with glutinous dots ...........

......................................................................................................................................................................................26. Ch. fulgida

- Leaflets suborbicular or orbicular, concolorous and without glutinous dots....................................................................................27

27. Leaflets not divaricate, patent or ascending on the rachis and partly facing each other, cartilaginous or chartaceous, with a crenulate

and non-thickened margin ........................................................................................................................................14. Ch. crenulata

- Leaflets divaricate, coriaceous with an entire and thickened margin .............................................47. Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata

28. Leaflets divaricate, usually orbicular or suborbicular, chartaceous or coriaceous ...........................................................................29

- Leaflets not divaricate, patent or ascending on the rachis and partly facing each other, of various shapes and consistency, but if

orbicular or suborbicular then papyraceous in consistency ..............................................................................................................51

29. Leaflets coriaceous, 2.8–5 cm long ..................................................................................................................................................30

29. Leaflets 0.4–2.6 cm long, chartaceous .............................................................................................................................................35

30. Margin of leaflets with glutinous black dots .........................................................................................................48. Ch. pachyclada

- Margin of leaflets without glutinous black dots ...............................................................................................................................31

31. Subshrub up to 60 cm tall; leaves with 5–10 pairs of leaflets; inflorescence with blackish trichomes .........................37. Ch. lundii

- Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall with 2–6 pairs of leaflets or subshrubs up to 70 cm tall; leaves always with 2 pairs of leaflets; inflorescence

with golden coloured or hyaline trichomes ......................................................................................................................................32

32. Stems rugose and non-waxy, leaflets with thickened margin .........................................................47. Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata

- Stems smooth and waxy, leaflets with a non-thickened margin .......................................................................................................33

33. Leaves with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; inflorescences interspersed with the foliage, with several leaves assuming the function of

bracts ..............................................................................................................................................55. Ch. rigidifolia var. veadeirana

- Leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets; inflorescences arising above the foliage, not functioningasbracts .............................................34

34. Main stem over 1 m tall; inflorescence shorter than leaves; leaves with 3–4 pairs of leaflets ............................................................

....................................................................................................................................................... 11.1 Ch. claussenii var. claussenii

- Main stem up to 1 m tall; inflorescence 1.5–2 times longer than the leaves; leaves always with 2 pairs of leaflets ...........................

...................................................................................................................................................... 11.2 Ch. claussenii var. megacycla

35. Leaves sessile or with petiole up to 4 mm long, the first pair of leaflets amplexicaul .....................................................................36

- Leaves with petiole over 4.5 mm long, the first pair of leaflets not amplexicaul ............................................................................37

36. Stipules 6–12 mm long; leaflets with tertiary veins conspicuous and reticulate; inflorescences 4–9.5 cm long, hidden amongst the

foliage ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43. Ch. obolaria

- Stipules 2–4.5 mm long; tertiary veins inconpicous and not reticulate; inflorescences arising 17–50 cm. above the foliage ............

......................................................................................................................................................................................... 20. Ch. elata

37. Branches glabrous or sparsely pubescent .........................................................................................................................................38

- Branches densely setulose-viscous or hirsute-viscous and pubescent .............................................................................................45

38. Leaves with 22–62 pairs of leaflets, these 4–8 mm long ..........................................................................................17. Ch. dawsonii

- Leaves with up to 20 pairs of leaflets, these 8–26 mm long.

39. Plant decumbent; branches thin; inflorescence with 6–15 flowers ....................................................................... 62. Ch. tenuicaulis

- Plant erect; branches robust; inflorescence with 20–65 flowers ......................................................................................................40

40. Leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets (rarely with 1 or 4 pairs), these 2.2–3.8 cm long ...........................................24. Ch. floribunda

- Leaves with 4–20 pairs of leaflets, these 0.7–2 cm long ..................................................................................................................41

41. Leaves ascending on stem; leaflets obovate with a crenulate margin; fruits oblong-elliptic or obovate .............................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................50. Ch. planaltoana

- Leaves perpendicular to the stem; leaflets ovate or suborbicular with an entire margin; fruits linear or oblong ............................42

42. Shrubs, 0.8–2.4 m tall; inflorescence with golden trichomes; buds clustered in a rosette at the inflorescence apex ......................43

- Subshrubs, 10–70 cm tall; inflorescence without golden trichomes; buds laxly inserted, not clustered .........................................44

43. Leaflets with secondary veins impressed; stipules 6–15 mm long; inflorescence separated from the branches by a series of

stipules ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30. Ch. irwiniana

- Leaflets with secondary veins prominent; stipules 2–5 mm long; inflorescence without a series of stipules .....................................

................................................................................................................................................................................... 38. Ch. macedoi

44. Inflorescence without a series of stipules at the base; leaflets ciliate; sepals setulose-viscous .....................................51. Ch. polita

- Inflorescence with a series of stipules at the base; leaflets not ciliate; sepals glabrous ................................................2. Ch. altoana

45. Subshrub up to 40 cm tall .................................................................................................................................................................46

- Shrubs over 50 cm tall ......................................................................................................................................................................47

46. Plant caespitose; buds with apex abruptly apiculate; pedicel 2–3.5 cm long; anthers not mucronate .......................40. Ch. nanodes

- Plant not caespitose; buds with apex rounded; pedicel 1–1.5 cm long; anthers mucronate ................ 10. Ch. ciliolata var. pulchella

47. Branches with blackish trichomes; leaflets pubescent on both faces; raceme corymbose; anthers mucronate ...................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................6. Ch. brachyblepharis

- Branches with brown or yellowish trichomes; leaflets glabrous, or sometimes with hairy margins; inflorescences racemes or

panicles; anthers mucronate .............................................................................................................................................................48

48. Shrubs with leaves laxly or irregularly arranged on the stem; panicles 35–150 cm long ................................................................49

- Subshrubs or shrubs with leaves densely or regularly distributed along the stem; racemes up to 30 cm long ................................50

49. Leaves grouped at the base of the plant; inflorescence with peduncle 35–120 cm long; leaves not functioning as bracts; pedicel

0.8–1.5 cm long .................................................................................................................................................. 28. Ch. gymnothyrsa

- Leaves regularly distributed along the stem; inflorescence with peduncle 8–15 cm long; reduced leaves functioning as bracts;

pedicel 2–4 cm long ................................................................................................................................................59. Ch. sparsifolia

50. Stipules 6–15 mm long; leaflets with 2–6 pairs of impressed secondary veins; inflorescence base with a series of stipules .............

................................................................................................................................................................................. 30. Ch. irwiniana

- Stipules 2–5 mm long; leaflets with 7–10 pairs of slightly prominent secondary veins on both faces; inflorescence without a series

DE SOUZA ET AL.

of stipules ...................................................................................................................................................................22. Ch. feliciana

51. Leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets (occasionally 3 pairs in Ch. chrysosepala) ......................................................................................52

- Leaves with 4 or more pairs of leaflets (occasionally 3 in Ch. frondosa) ........................................................................................64

52. Leaves sessile with the first pair of leaflets reduced ................................................................................................... 44. Ch. obtecta

- Leaves petiolate with two pairs of leaflets of equal size ..................................................................................................................53

53. Leaflets coriaceous and with prominent secondary and tertiary veins .............................................................................................54

- Leaflets membranous or papyraceous and with secondary and tertiary veins impressed ................................................................55

54. Plant caespitose, up to 70 cm tall, branches and leaflets glabrous ..................................................................... 45. Ch. ochrosperma

- Plant not caespitose, over 1 m tall, branches and abaxial surface of leaflets with a dense indument ..................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................58. Ch. setosa var. detonsa

55. Leaflets asymmetrical, slightly falcate, with apex acuminate or cuspidate and main vein eccentric ...................36. Ch. longicuspis

- Leaflets symmetrical and not falcate, with apex obtuse, rounded or acute and main vein central ..................................................56

56. Branches and inflorescences glabrous ..............................................................................................................................................57

- Branches and inflorescence with an indumentum and viscous ........................................................................................................60

57. Leaves laxly arranged and perpendicular to the stem; leaflets elliptic, oblong or suborbicular ...............................5. Ch. benthamii

- Leaves congested and ascending on the stem; leaflets obovate .......................................................................................................58

58. Leaflets 1–2.5 cm long, base cuneate, branches short-villose ...........................................................12.2. Ch. conferta var. simulans

- Leaflets 1.8–4.5 cm long, base oblong or subcordate, branches glabrous .......................................................................................59

59. Shrub, branched distally; leaflets reticulate-veined ............................................................................. 12.3. Ch. conferta var. virgata

- Subshrub, unbranched or sparingly so, leaflets not reticulate-veined ..................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................12.1. Ch. conferta var. machrisiana

60. Petiole 4–8.5 cm long .......................................................................................................................................................................61

- Petiole 0.4–3.5 cm long ....................................................................................................................................................................62

61. Branches setulose, with trichomes less than 2.5 mm long; leaflets with a rounded apex ........................................3. Ch. andersonii

- Branches hispid-setulose, with trichomes over 2.5 mm long; leaflets with an acute apex ...................................... 39. Ch. multiseta

62. Subshrub, decumbent; petals orange or reddish ......................................................................... 21. Ch. fagonioides var. macrocalyx

- Shrub, erect or with pendant branches; petals yellow ......................................................................................................................63

63. Leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, these with glutinous dots on both faces; sepals red ....................................9. Ch. chrysosepala

- Leaves always with 2 pairs of leaflets, these without glutinous dots; sepals yellowish green .............................................................

........................................................................................................................................................... 1. Ch. acosmifolia var. oropedii

64. Leaves grouped at the ends of the branches; leaflets with viscous dots on both faces and conspicuously mucronate ........................

- Leaves arranged along the branches; leaflets without viscous dots and discretely mucronulate or not .........................................66

65. Petiole 9–16 mm long; leaflets in 3–5 pairs; axis of the inflorescence and external face of sepals densely setose-viscous ...............

................................................................................................................................................................................... 25. Ch. frondosa

- Petiole 3–7 mm long, leaflets in 5–13 pairs; inflorescence axis and external face of sepals sparsely puberulent and not viscous .....

................................................................................................................................................................................ 29. Ch. harmsiana

66. Leaflets discolorous and with a revolute margin ..............................................................................................................................67

- Leaflets concolorous and with a plane margin .................................................................................................................................68

67. Creeping plant; leaves sessile or with petiole 1–6 mm long; inflorescence curved .................................................64. Ch. venatoria

- Plant erect; leaves with petiole 10–28 mm long; inflorescence straight ..............................................................8. Ch. cavalcantina

68. Leaves heteromorphic, the basal 2 or 3 leaves with leaflets broadly elliptic or suborbicular, the upper leaves with 5 or more pairs

of narrowly elliptic leaflets ...................................................................................................................................52. Ch. polymorpha

- Leaves isomorphic, the basal and upper leaves with a similar number and shape of leaflets ..........................................................69

69. Shrubs, 1.5–4 m tall; branches hirsute-setose and viscous ...............................................................................................................70

- Subshrub up to 1.5 m tall; branches glabrous or pubescent .............................................................................................................71

70. Branches, hirsute-setose with golden or rust-coloured trichomes; leaflets membranous; racemes corymbose; buds globular with an

obtuse apex ........................................................................................................................................................ 16. Ch. dalbergiifolia

- Branches setulose with glaucous trichomes; leaflets papyraceous; racemes typical; buds ovate with an acute apex .........................

.................................................................................................................................................................................... 31. Ch. isidorea

71. Leaflets linear, 0.3–3.5 cm wide, inflorescence sessile .......................................................................................53. Ch. psoraleopsis

- Leaflets oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm wide, inflorescence with peduncle 1.2–5 cm long ..............................................................................72

72. Creeping plant, inflorescence suberect, 4–8 cm long .........................................................................................65. Chamaecrista sp.

- Erect plant, inflorescence erect, 10–22 cm long ..................................................................................41. Ch. neesiana var. neesiana

1. Chamaecrista acosmifolia var. oropedii (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 247) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 660) (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Absoideae) (Figs. 2A–C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista acosmifolia var. oropedii is distributed in the state

of Goiás and the Federal District (Irwin & Barneby 1982), associated with margins of gallery forest or cerrado and

growing between 800 and 1000 m altitude in clay soils. In the CV area the taxon was found only in the municipalities

of Colinas do Sul and São João D’Aliança (Fig. 18a) at the edge of gallery forest and in the transition from this

vegetation type to cerrado. Flowering and fruiting are from March to May.

Conservation Status:—The species is assessed as being vulnerable (VU). It has an EOO of 6,264 km2 (IUCN

criterion B1, subcriteria b i, iii) and grows in unprotected areasnear to urban centers in human-disturbed vegetation.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The taxon is easily recognized by its

shrubby habit with pendent branches, leaves with two pairs of papyraceous, discolorous, elliptic or lanceolate leaflets,

caducous bracts, terminal or axillary pauciflorous racemes with a setulose-viscous and puberulent indumentum. The

variety resembles Ch. andersonii in shrubby habit, andleaves with two pairs of leaflets; it also grows in a similar

habitat. However, Ch. andersonii has no pendent branches, its racemes are many-flowered and with a hirsute-viscous

indumentum and its bracts are persistent.

Specimens examined:—BRAZIL. Goiás: Colinas do Sul, margem esquerda do rio Preto, 13o41’28”S, 48o04’22”W,

17 April 2002, (fl.), G. Pereira-Silva 6409 (CEN, UFG); São João D’Aliança, Serra Geral do Paraná, ca. 3 km sul de

São João D’Aliança, 14 March 1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin et al. 31723 (NY, UB); ib., 23 March 1973, (fl.), W.R. Anderson

et al. 7776 (NY, UB ).

2. Chamaecrista altoana (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 122) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Rigidulae) (Figs. 2D–F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista altoana is endemic to the campos limpos, sujos or

rupestres of the CV (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Souza 2016) where it grows between 1000 and 1250 m altitude in rocky

soils. It was found only in Alto Paraíso de Goiás around “Morro do Buracão” and near the limits with Teresina de Goiás

and Cavalcante (Fig. 18A). Flowering and fruiting are from February to June.

Conservation Status:—The species is assessed as endangered (EN; IUCN criteriaon B1, subcriteria b i, ii) based

on its EOO estimated at 37.63 km2. However, the species occurs within the CVNP, where it grows at high altitudes in

difficult to reach locations, thus reducing the threat to its conservation.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is recognized by its sub-shrubby

habit, ascending leaves with 5–11 pairs of divaricate leaflets, glabrous sepals and the presence of a series of stipules at

the base of the inflorescence . It may be confused with Ch. tenuicaulis and Ch. floribunda, but these two species have

plagiotropic leaves, sepals with a viscous indumentum, the series of stipules at the base of the inflorescence absent (or

sparse in Ch. floribunda) and Ch. tenuicaulis has a decumbent habit.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 19 December 1967, (fl.), A.P. Duarte

10766 (NY); ib., ca. 10 km ao sul de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 1000m, 20 March 1969, fr., H.S. Irwin et al. 24786 (F,

NY, UB); ib., Morro do Buracão, encosta próxima a rodovia, 22 June 2013, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 475 (UFG); ib. Morro

do Buracão, na encosta do morro próximo ao bar, em campo, 21 June 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 1051 (UFG); ib.,

ca. 20 km da cidade, em direção a Teresina de Goiás pela GO-118, ca. 1.5 km a esquerda da rodovia, em estrada que

leva a Serra do Pouso Alto, 13º57’49”S, 47º29’53”W, 1521m, 16 February 2015, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al. 6465 (UFG);

Cavalcante, GO-12, 30 km ao sul de Cavalcante, 26 May 1975, (fl.), G. Hatschbach 36903 (NY); ib., Chapada dos

Veadeiros, cerca de 100 metros a direita do km 205 da GO-118, de Alto Paraíso de Goiás para Teresina de Goiás,

13º54’23.6”S, 47º21’56”W, 1223m, 26 July 2014, fr., R.C. Sodré, R.D. Sartin & M.J. Silva 1360 (UFG).

3. Chamaecrista andersonii (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 248) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 660). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Absoideae) (Fig. 2G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to the northern portion of the state of Goiás,

occurring along the borders of Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul, Monte Alegre de Goiás and Niquelândia (Fig. 18B), at the

margins of gallery forests, in dry forest or in a transition from these to Cerrado vegetation (Irwin & Barneby 1982,

Flora do Brasil 2020, under construction). Flowering and fruiting from January to March.

Conservation Status:—Although Chamaecrista andersonii occurs in four municipalities of Goiás and has an

estimated EOO of 2,292 km2 , it is a rare species in the wild and known from only a few herbarium specimens. It occurs

outside any protected areas. For these reasons it is considered as endangered (EN; IUCN criterion B1, subcriteria bi,

v).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista andersonii is diagnosed by

its shrubby habit, leaves with two pairs of papyraceous leaflets, the petiole over 2 cm long, racemes with persistent

bracts, globose buds and yellowish or greenish sepals. The species resembles C. acosmifolia var. oropedii but differs

according to characters noted under that taxon.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, ás margens do rio Macacão (local Serra Branca), 13o35’56”S, 48o04’13”W,

24 January 2001, (fl.), G. Pereira-Silva et al. 4631 (CEN); Colinas do Sul¸ GO-132, entre Minaçu e Colinas do Sul,

13o50’7.2”S, 48o08’58”W, 672 m, 18 February 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 2240 (UB); Monte Alegre de Goiás, Serra

da Atalaia, ca. 25 km by road SW of Monte Alegre de Goiás, 12 March 1973, (fl.), W.R. Anderson 6915 (K, NY, R);

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4. Chamaecrista basifolia (Vogel 1837: 56) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 733). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser. Bauhininae)

(Fig. 3A).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian species recorded from the states of Bahia, Goiás, Mato

Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Tocantins and in the Federal District (Irwin & Barneby 1982,

Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the CV area it has been collected in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de

Goiás, Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul and São João D’Aliança (Fig. 18B) in cerrado típico, cerrado rupestre, campos

sujos, on sandy-clay and clay soils. Flowering and fruiting are from September to March.

Conservation Status:—The conservation assessment of C. basifolia is considered to be of Least Concern (LC)

because the species occurs in different environments across Brazil, with an EOO of 918,708 km2. It occurs in some

protected areas such as the CVNP and Floresta Nacional de Silvânia (Souza & Silva 2015a).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista basifolia is a distinctive

species within the genus due to its erect sub-shrubby habit, its sometimes caducous leaves (with only 1 pair of leaflets)

restricted to the base of its stem, and its imbricate leafy-stipules. The species lacks nectaries, the flowers are solitary

and have only 5 fertile stamens.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, proximidades da cidade, na rodovia, borda da estrada do lado

direito, 11 July 2013, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 498 (UFG); Cavalcante, Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador, estrada

municipal não pavimentada Cavalcante/Minaçu, 21 February 2013, fr., J.A. Lombardi 9968 (CEN); Colinas do Sul,

arredores, 02 December 1992, fr., G. Hatschbach 58374 (MBM).

5. Chamaecrista benthamii (Ghesquière 1935: 148) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Gracilimae) (Figs. 3B–D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species was reported by Irwin & Barneby (1982) to be endemic

in northern Goiás state where it grows in the municipalities of Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul and Niquelândia (Fig 18C).

Chamaecrista benthamii occurs in campos sujos on chalky soil. The species flowering and fruiting from May to

August.

Conservation Status:—The EOO of the species is estimated at approximately 5,735 km2. It grows in areas under

strong anthropic pressure and outside the limits of any protected areas. It is here considered to be Endangered (EN:

criterion B1, subcriteria b i, iii) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Among the species of section Absus,

Ch. benthamii is easily distinguished by its very branched, delicate stem, its glabrous, non-viscous branches and

inflorescences, its leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets and its racemes with 2 to 4 axillary flowers situated along the

terminal branches.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Balsa do Rio Tocantins (Serra Branca), para Serra Branca km 2, 23 May 2003,

(fl.), G. Pereira-Silva 5081 (CEN); Colinas do Sul, GO-237, ca. 30 km de Colinas do Sul em direção a Niquelândia,

em cerrado rupestre, 04 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1788, 1792 (UFG).

6. Chamaecrista brachyblepharis (Harms 1924: 130) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 3E).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is known only from the municipality of São João

D’Aliança in the state of Goiás (Fig. 18C), where it grows in cerrado típico in clay soils (Irwin & Barneby 1982). The

species flowers and fruits in January and February.

Conservation Status:—Ch. brachyblepharis has a reduced EOO of 24.25 km2, grows outside any protected areas

in environments under strong pressure for the cultivation local crops and urban development. Its conservation status is

assessed as Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, iii, iv) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Ch. brachyblepharis is readily distinguished

from other species in the CV area by its sub-shrubby habit and stems and branches densely setulose-viscous with

blackish trichomes, its leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, its oblong leaflets which are pubescent on both

surfaces. It is similar to Ch. ciliolata by its ciliate leaflets, corymbose racemes, globular buds and mucornate anthers,

but the latter does not have blackish trichomes on its branches, its leaves are evenly distributed along the branches, its

leaflets are suborbicular and glabrous on both surfaces, and are up to 40 cm tall.

Specimens examined:—São João D’Aliança, GO 118, após o hotel Chapéu do Sol e Atos Hotel, 12 August 2012,

(fl.), M.J. Silva 4467, 4468, 4469, 4471, 4472 (UFG); ib., 12 August 2012, (fl.), M.M. Dantas 365, 366, 367, 368

(UFG); Cerrado nas proximidades do Atos Hotel, na saída da cidade, 04 September 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1254

(UFG).

FIGURE 1. A. Map showing the location of the Chapada dos Veadeiros region and its main vegetation types: B. campo limpo, C. campo

rupestre, D. campo sujo, E. cerrado rupestre, F. cerrado típico and G. vereda.

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FIGURE 2. A–C: Chamaecrista acosmifolia var. oropedii, A. fertile branch, B. flower, C. detail of leaf and inflorescence, D–F: Ch.

altoana, D. habit, E. fertile branch; F. Detail of the series of stipules at the base of the inflorescence indicated by the white arrow; G and

H: Ch. andersonii, G. fertile branch and H. Detail of the inflorecence, flowers and buds.

FIGURE 3. A. Chamaecrista basifolia; B–D: Ch. benthamii, B. fertile branches, C. detail of leaf and flowers; D. flower; E. Ch.

brachyblepharis; F. Ch. burchellii; G and H: Ch. cavalcantina, G. habit, H. fertile branch; I and J: Ch. chrysosepala, I. habit and J. Detail

of leaves and inflorescence.

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FIGURE 4. A–C: Chamaecrista ciliolata, A. fertile branch, B. Detail od the leaflets, C. Detail of the inflorescence; D–G: Ch. claussenii

var. claussenii, D. habit, E. stem and leaves, F. detail of the wax in the branches, G. flowers; H–K: Ch. claussenii var. megacycle, H. habit,

I. inflorescence, J. leaves and K. flower.

FIGURE 5. A and B: Ch. conferta var. machrisiana; C and D: Ch. conferta var. simulans; E and F: Ch. conferta var. virgata; G and H:

Ch. cotinifolia var. glaberrima, G. habit and H. fertile branch.

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FIGURE 6. A. and B: Ch. crenulata, A. habit, B. fertile branch; C and D: Ch. crommyotricha, C. fertile branches, D. detail of leaves and

inflorescence; E and F: Ch. dalbergiifolia, E. fertile branch; F. detail of inflorescence G. Ch. dawsonii.

FIGURE 7. A and B: Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langsdorffii, A and B: fertile branches; C and D: Ch. desvauxii var. latistipula, C. habit,

D. fertile branch; E and F: Ch. desvauxii var. mollissima, E. habit, F. fertile branch.

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FIGURE 8. A and B: Chamaecrista diphylla, A and B. fertile branches; C and D: Ch. elata, C. habit, D. flower and buds; E and F: Ch.

fagonioides var. macrocalyx, E. fertile branches, F. flowers.

FIGURE 9. A and B: Chamaecrista feliciana; A. and B. fertiles branches; C and D: Ch. flexuosa var. flexuosa; C and D. fertile branches;

E and F: Ch. floribunda, E. habit, F. flower and buds; G and H: Ch. frondosa, G. habit, H. detail of leaves and inflorescence.

DE SOUZA ET AL.

FiGURE 10. A–C: Chamaecrista fulgida, A. habit and flower, B. flower, C. detail of canopy; D. Ch. glandulosa var. brasiliensis; E and

F: Ch. gymnothyrsa; E. habit, F. flower; G and H: Ch. harmsiana, G. habit, H. detail of inflorescence and flower.

FIGURE 11. A. Chamaecrista irwiniana; B and C: Ch. isidorea; D. Ch. kunthiana; E. Ch. lavradiiflora; F. Ch. lavradioides; G and H:

Ch. leucopilis, G. habit, H. detail of indumentum with stellate trichomes on branches and leaflets.

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FIGURE 12. A and B: Chamaecrista longicuspis, A. habit, B. fertile branch; C and D: Ch. lundii; C. habit, D. detail of black trichomes in

the buds; E and F: Ch. macedoi; E. habit, F. fertile branch; G and H: Ch. multiseta, G. habit, H. fertile branch; I. Ch. nanodes.

FIGURE 13. A and B: Chamaecrista neesiana var. neesiana, A. habit, B. fertile branch; C. Ch. nictitans var. ramosa; D. Ch. obolaria; E

and F: Ch. obtecta, E. habit, F. detail of leaves and inflorescence; G and H: Ch. oligandra, G. habit, H. flower.

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FIGURE 14. A and B: Chamaecrista orbiculata, A. shrubby habit, B. fertile branch; C–E: Ch. pachyclada, C. habit, D. fertile branch, E.

flower and buds; F–I: Ch. paniculata, F. habit, G. leave, H. detail of flower and buds, I. buds.

FIGURE 15. A. Chamaecrista planaltoana; B. Ch. polita; C and D: Ch. polymorpha, C. detail of leaves and inflorescence, D. detail of

heteromorphic leaves; E. Ch. psoraleopsis; F. Ch. ramosa var. curvifolia; G. Ch. ramosa var. parvifoliola.

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FIGURE 16. A and B: Chamaecrista rigidifolia var. veadeirana, A. habit, B. detail of leaves and inflorescence; C. Ch. rotundifolia var.

grandiflora; D. Ch. scabra; E and F: Ch. setosa var. dentosa, E. habit, F. detail of inflorescence; G. Ch. sparsifolia.

FIGURE 17. A and B: Chamaecrista spinulosa, A. fertile branches, B. detail of leaves and flowers; C. Ch. supplex; D. Ch. tenuicaulis;

E. Ch. trichopoda; F. Ch. venatoria; G. Chamaecrista sp.

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FIGURE 18. Distribution maps of Chamaecrista taxa in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, from Ch. altoana to Ch. dawsonii.

FIGURE 19. Distribution maps of Chamaecrista taxa in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, from Ch. desvauxii var. langsdorffii to Ch.

neesiana var. neesiana.

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FIGURE 20. Distribution maps of Chamaecrista taxa in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, from Ch. nictitans var. ramosa to Chamaecrista

sp.

7. Chamaecrista burchellii (Bentham 1870: 165) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 690). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae)

(Fig. 3F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species endemic to the northern portion of the state of Goiás where

it can be found in the municipalities of Campinaçu, Colinas do Sul and Niquelândia (Fig. 18D) (Irwin & Barneby 1982,

Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). It occurs sympatrically with C. benthamii and has been collected in cerrado

and campos sujos on clayey-stony soils. Flowering and fruiting from May to July.

Conservation Status:—With an EOO of 1,831 km2, growing in populations of less than 40 individuals and in

land given over to agriculture and deforestation the species is assessed as Endangered (EN criterion B1, subcriteria bi,

iii).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista burchellii is easily distinguished

from other cogeners in the CV area in having leaves with a nectary on the petiole, oblong, coriaceous, 2–4.8 cm long

leaflets, with thickened, prominent veins on both surfaces, and flowers in axillary fascicles. .

Specimens examined:—Colinas do Sul, GO-237, ca. 30 km de Colinas do Sul em direção a Niquelândia, em

cerrado rupestre, 04 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1786 (UFG).

8. Chamaecrista cavalcantina (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 35) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 648). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Trachycarpae) (Figs. 3G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to Brazil (Goiás and Bahia states). It was

previously mentioned also for the states of Tocantins and Piauí (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction), but no

vouchers from those states represent C. cavalcantina. The species occurs in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás

and Cavalcante (Fig. 18D) growing in cerrado típico. The species flowers and fruits from December to May.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 27,668 km2 and is uncommon. in nature. It is assessed as

being Near Threatened (NT) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Among the species present in the CV area,

Chamaecrista cavalcantina resembles Ch. venatoria in having leaves with numerous conspicuously discolored, oblong

leaflets with their adaxial surface dark green and abaxial surface light green and opaque. However, the habit is erect

and the leaves are petiolate in C. cavalcantina, whereas in Ch. venatoria the habit is decumbent and the leaves are

sessile or subsessile.

Selected Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, estrada entre Alto Paraíso e Teresina de Goiás, do lado

esquerdo da pista, 14 December 2012, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 64 e 65 (UFG); Cavalcante, Fazenda do Criminoso, 27

May 1975, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 36938 (NY); estrada em direção a cidade Cavalcante próximo à entrada da Fazenda

Siriema, 13o47’9.4”S, 47o23’53.2”W, 808m, 29 January 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 862 (UFG).

9. Chamaecrista chrysosepala (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 164) Irwin & Barneby (1979: 467). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Adenophyllae) (Figs. 3I and J).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to Brazil occurring in the states of Minas

Gerais and Goiás (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). It is quite common in the studied

area, especially in the CVNP, in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 18E), where it grows

in wet grassy fields, along gallery forest edges and near watercourses. Flowering and fruiting are from February to

August.

Conservation Status:—The EOO of the species is estimated at 45,543 km2 and populations comprise numerous

individuals; a conservation assessment of least Concern (LC) is provisionally given.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Ch. chrysosepala has a suite of distinguishing

characters: it is a densely branched shrub, its leaves have 2 or 3 pairs of elliptical leaflets which have glutinous dots on

both surfaces, it has short racemes, and its flowers have reddish sepals which are viscous externally.

Selected Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, região da Serra do Pouso Alto, 14o56’12.1”S,

47o29’45.7”W, 1438m, 06 March 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 279, 280 (UFG); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros,

ca. 30 km N.W. of Veadeiros, 16 February 1966, (fl.), H. S. Irwin 12952 (NY).

10. Chamaecrista ciliolata var. pulchella (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 130) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus

subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Figs. 4A–C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The taxon is recorded in Brazil from Minas Gerais, Goiás and Piauí

(Irwin & Barneby 1982, BFG 2015). In this study, it was found only encountered in the municipality of Cavalcante in

the region of Serra do Tombador in the north of the CV (Fig. 18E), in campo limpo and campo sujo, on clayey soils,

between 700 and 1300 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting from January to March.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 279,772 km2 and occurs in protected areas in Goiás, Minas

Gerais and Piauí, and is thereforeassessed as being of Least Coincern (LC).

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Among the species of the studied area, the

taxon morphologically resembles Ch. nanodes and Ch. altoana due to its sub-shrubby habit (up to 40 cm tall) and its

divaricate leaflets. Chamaecrista altoana differs in being a caespitose plant with glabrous branches and non-ciliate

leaflets, while Ch. ciliolata var. pulchella is not caespitose, has setose or hirsute-viscous branches and ciliate leaflets.

Chamaecrista nanodes has setose-hispid branches, non-mucronate anthers and typical racemose inflorescences, while

Ch. ciliolata var. pulchella has short-setose branches, mucronate anthers and corymbiform racemes.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, RPPN Serra do Tombador, 6 km W da sede. Área de experimentos com

fogo, 31 January 2015, (fl.), M.F. Simon 2547 (CEN), ib., ca. 17 km antes da RPPN Serra do Tombador, 13º38’37”S,

47º42’23”W, 06 September 2016, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 1864 (UFG).

11.1. Chamaecrista claussenii var. claussenii (Bentham 1840: 79) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655), Mem. New York

Bot. Gard. 35: 655. 1982. (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae) (Figs. 4D–G).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A taxon endemic to the central Brazilian plateau (Goiás, Minas

Gerais and Distrito Federal), frequent in cerrado típico, in clayey or stony soils (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Flora do Brasil

2020 under construction). In the CV area it is found in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig.

18F). Flowering and fruiting are from April to December.

Conservation Status:—Its EOO is estimated at approximately 115,773 km2 and the taxon is relatively common

across the cerrado of central Brazil. It is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista claussenii var. claussenii

is easily recognized by its orbicular, coriaceous, divaricate leaflets, in addition to the smooth, waxy and generally

glabrous and purple-coloured stems and long paniculate inflorescences. The taxon can be confused with Ch. orbiculata

and Ch. rigidifolia because they share the large (over 3 cm long) orbicular and divaricate leaflets, but differs by the

smooth stem (vs. rugose in Ch. orbiculata) and by the inflorescence presented above the foliage (vs. within the foliage

in Ch. rigidifolia). The taxon is differentiated from the related Ch. claussenii var. megacycla in having the foliage

larger than the inflorescence and the leaves with 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets (vs. the inflorescence up to twice the length of

the foliage and the leaves consistently with two pairs of leaflets in C. claussenii var. megacycla).

Selected Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, GO-118 próximo à entrada de Alto Paraíso,14 December

2012, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 61 (UFG); Cavalcante, Fazenda do Criminoso, 27 May 1975, (fl.), G. G. Hatschbach 36935

(NY).

11.2. Chamaecrista claussenii var. megacycla (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 153) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae) (Fig. 4H–K).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The taxon is recorded only from cerrado típico in open areas of the

states of Goiás and Mato Grosso (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the studied area

the taxon has been collected in the municipalities of Colinas do Sul and Cavalcante (Fig. 18F). Flowering and fruiting

from May to August.

Conservation Status:—The taxon has an EOO of 113,897 km2 and is present in some protected areas.It is assessed

to be of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—As in the typical variety, Ch. claussenii var.

megacycla has orbicular, divaricate leaflets over 3 cm long and wide. In addition it has smooth, waxy, usually yellowish

branches, and thus differs from the typical variety that usually has purple branches (refer to the taxonomic notes under

var. claussenii for additional differences).

Selected Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, RPPN Serra do Tombador, 8 km da sede em direção à Cavalcante,

26 July 2014, (fl.) fr., M.F. Simon 2493 (CEN); Colinas do Sul, estrada entre Niquelândia e Colinas do Sul, 27 May

2016, (fl., fr.), T. P. Mendes & J. A. Oliveira 141, 142 (UFG).

12.1. Chamaecrista conferta var. machrisiana (Cowan 1957: 12) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect. Absus

subsect. Absus ser. Confertae) (Fig. 5A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The variety is endemic to the studied area and is only known from

the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 18G) growing in cerrado. It flowers from March to May.

Conservation Status:—The taxon has a restricted distribution with a reduced EOO of 255.5 km2. It is assessed as

being Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, iii) following IUCN Red List categories. Nevertheless,

the variety grows in a very rugged habitat, some areas of which are protected, (e.g. the CVNP), and its long-term

survival is thus more likely.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—All the varieties of Ch. conferta share the

character of leaves always with exactly 2 pairs of leaflets, these generally obovate and orientated upwards on the leaf

rachis and sometimes imbricate on the branches. In this study three varieties are recorded. Among them, Ch. conferta

var. machrisiana, closely resembles Ch. conferta var. virgata in having leaflets 1.8–4.5 cm long and with an oblong

or subcordate base, and glabrous branches. However, the taxon differs by the little or unbranched sub-shrubby habit

(vs. distally branched shrubby habit in Ch. conferta var. virgata) and by its non-reticulate veined leaflets (vs. reticulate

veined leaflets in Ch. conferta var. virgata).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 15 km south of Alto Paraíso, road

to São João de Aliança, 19 March 1969, (fl.), H.S. Irwin et al. 24664 (NY); ib., Rod. GO-12, km 5–10 ao Sul de Alto

Paraiso, 24 May 1978, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 36805 (NY); ib., aproximadamente 15 km ao norte da sede do parque,

em cerrado rupestre, 21 June 2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 426 (UFG).

12.2. Chamaecrista conferta var. simulans (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 196) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Confertae) (Fig. 5C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—This variety is endemic to the area studied and found in the

municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and São João D’Aliança, inhabiting cerrado típico in clayey soils. The variety

flowers and fruits from February to May.

Conservation Status:—Although it presents an EOO of 300 km2, the taxon is assessed as Critically Endangered

(CR criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories because it is rare and although occurring in

the CV area, it is not recorded from protected areas such as the CVNP.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The taxon is differentiated from its co-

specific varieties (var. conferta and var. machrisiana) by having generally smaller leaflets (1–2.5 cm long) with a

narrow cuneate base, and short-villosulose branches (vs. leaflets 1.8–4.5 cm long, with an oblong or subcordate base,

and glabrous branches in the other two varieties).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Alto Paraíso (formerly Veadeiros), 21

March 1969, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 24820 (NY); São João D’Aliança, Region of the Chapada dos Veadeiros: 20 km N of São

João D’Aliança, 13 April 1956, (fl.), E.Y. Dawson 14161 (NY).

12.3. Chamaecrista conferta var. virgata (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 197) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect. Absus

subsect. Absus ser. Confertae) (Fig. 5E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—This variety is distributed in the states of Goiás and Tocantins and

in the Federal District. The taxon was previously considered to occur also in Minas Gerais and Bahia states (fide BFG

2015), but we have been unable to confirm these records and consider vouchers from Bahia and Minas Gerais named

as var. virgata to be mis-identifications. In this study, the taxon is recorded from the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de

Goiás, Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul and São João D’Aliança (Fig. 18G), being quite frequent in rupestrian enviroments,

and campos sujos. Flowering and fruiting are from April to September.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) Following IUCN Red List

categories, being present in three Brazilian states and covering an EOO of 65,443 km2.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Variety virgata can be differentiated from

the other studied taxa of Ch. confertaby the following character set: plant up to 2.5 m tall, with a single-stemmed,

virgate, shrubby habit, leaflets 1.8–4.5 cm long, reticulate-veined, and with an oblong or subcordate base, and branches

glabrous.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Trilha amarela para o Salto das corredeiras, 14°09’15.7”S, 47°50’7.8”W,

871m, 08 March 2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 168 (UFG); São João d’Aliança, 16 March 1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 31917

(UB).

13. Chamaecrista cotinifolia var. glaberrima (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 191) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Ochnacae) (Fig. 5G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Although Chamaecrista cotinifolia var. glaberrima occurs in the

states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and in the Federal District, in the CV it is an

uncommon taxon with only one collection record for the Serra do Tombador Private Natural Heritage Reserve, in the

municipality of Cavalcante (Fig. 18H), where it grows in campos sujos on rocky soils. The fruiting collection was

made in October.

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Conservation Status:—The taxon has an EOO of 528,243 km2. It grows in protected areas of rugged relief.The

variety is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista cotinifolia var. glaberrima is a

subshrub up to 80 cm tall, its leaves have a single pair of orbicular or sub-orbicular, divaricate, coriaceous leaflets. It

resembles Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata in having leaflets of similar shape and texture; however, Ch. orbiculata var.

orbiculata is a shrub or tree with a conspicuously fissured stem and its leaves have 2 or 4 pairs of leaflets.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra do Tombador, 13°40’01’’S,

47°48’04’’W, 28 October 2010, fr., C.B.R. Munhoz et al. 7955 (UB).

14. Chamaecrista crenulata (Bentham 1840: 80) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 657). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Ochnacae) (Fig. 6A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista crenulata is found in the states of Goiás and Tocantins

(Irwin & Barneby 1982, Mendes et al., 2016). In our study it was recorded from the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de

Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 18H) growing in rocky areas between 900–1100 m altitude on clay-sandy or clayey soils

or in the crevices of rocks. Flowering and fruiting from June to August.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 8,110 km2 and is assessed as Vulnerable (VU, criterion B1,

subcriteria b i, iii) following IUCN Red List categories, although it forms populations of more than 30 individuals, in

inaccessible areas in the CVNP.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is one of a few in Chamaecrista

which is a tree.It has a conspicuously fissured trunk, leaflets with a crenulate margin, congested panicles with viscose

axes and buds.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, a 8km da sede do Parque em direção ao Rio Preto, 21 June

2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 441 (UFG); Cavalcante Balsa do Rio Tocantins (Serra Branca), para Serra Branca km 2,

13°34’26’’S, 48°05’48’’W, 23 May 2001, (fl.), G. Pereira-Silva et al. 5071 (CEN).

15. Chamaecrista crommyotricha (Harms 1924: 126) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Confertae) (Fig. 6C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Recorded from Goiás and the Distrito Federal (Irwin & Barneby 1982,

BFG 2015), growing in campos sujos and campos limpos. In the CV, the species is encountered in the municipalities of

Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 18H). Flowering and fruiting from March to June.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 4134.4 km2 and is assessed as being Vulnerable (VU, criterion

B1, subcriteria b i, iii) following IUCN Red List categories, it does occur in protected areas.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista crommyotricha, among the

species in the studied area, is similar in appearance to the varieties of Ch. conferta and Ch. lavradioides, because they

all share similar leaves with obovate to oblanceolate leaflets. However, Ch. crommyotricha has leaves with only one

pair (rarely 2 pairs) of oblanceolate leaflets, with glutinous surfaces and viscous inflorescences (vs. leaves consistently

with 2 pairs of obovate, non- glutinous leaflets, and non-viscous inflorescences in Ch. conferta). The species differs

from Ch. lavradioides by the characters listed under the latter.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, ca. 10 km ao norte de Alto Paraíso, campo brejo, 24 March 1971,

(fl.), H.S. Irwin et al. 33081 (UB); ib., 20 May 2013, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 4891 (UFG); Cavalcante, Rod. GO-12,

descida a Chapada dos Veadeiros, 16 May 1975, (fl., fr.), G.G. Hatschbach 36881 (NY); Teresina de Goiás, Chapada

dos Veadeiros, 24 km by road S of Terezina, 16 March 1973, (fl.), W.R. Anderson 7185 (NY).

16. Chamaecrista dalbergiifolia (Bentham 1870: 149) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Microphyllae) (Figs. 6E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista dalbergiifolia is endemic to Brazil and recorded

from the Midwest region (Federal District, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) and Southeast region (Minas

Gerais). It is a relatively common species in the CV area, being found in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás,

Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul and São João D’Aliança (Fig. 18I), inhabiting cerrado típico and the borders of cerradão,

on clayey soils. Flowering and fruiting from January to March.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO estimated at 274,795 km2 and is assessed as being of Least

Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The main diagnostic features of the species

are its shrubby habit, densely hirsute-viscose branches with rust-coloured or blackish trichomes, its leaflets in 7–16

pairs per leaf, these membranous and blue-greenish, its racemes corymbose, viscous, and with yellowish or greenish

globose buds. This suite of characteristics differentiates Ch. dalbergiifolia from the other congeners in the CV area.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador (Campina), 09 May 2014, (fl.), M.N.

Rissi 685 (CEN); Colinas do Sul, Rodovia Colinas do Sul a Niquelândia, entre km 1015, 18 February 2000, (fl.), G.G.

Hatschbach et al. 70353 (UFG); São João D’Aliança, estrada para Vãozinho, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach et al. 60221

(MBM).

17. Chamaecrista dawsonii (Cowan 1957: 15) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Rigidulae) (Fig. 6G).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Endemic to the state of Goiás and recorded only from the municipality

of São João D’Aliança (Fig. 18I) where it grows in cerrado típico in clayey soils, between 900–1300 m elev. Flowering

and fruiting from October to March.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 91.3 km2, is locally rare and is not known from any protected

areas. Deforestation for agriculture is a threat to the species survival. It is assessed as being Critically Endangered (CR,

criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, iii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is easily recognized by its rather

weak shrubby habit, attaining 1–2 m in height and with pendent branches, its leaves with numerous (22–62 pairs)

suborbicular, glabrous, divaricate leaflets and in having lax racemes.

Specimens examined:—São João D’Aliança, cerrado imediatamente após o hotel Chapéu do Sol, 25 October

2012, fr., M.J. Silva et al. 4470 and 4474 (UFG), ib., 25 October 2012, fr., M.M. Dantas et al. 369, 371 (UFG); ib., 04

September 2014, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1251 (UFG).

18.1. Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langsdorffii (Vogel 1837: 55) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 879). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx)

(Figs. 7A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The variety is distributed from the north to the south of Brazil (BFG

2015), and found in a number of vegetation types, but more commonly in cerrado sensu stricto or in rocky areas. In

this study, the taxon is recorded from the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 19A), along the

borders of cerrado típico or in the transition of this vegetation to disturbed areas.

Conservation Status:—The species is assessed as being of least concern (LC) due to its wide distribution across

much of Brazil with EOO larger tha 50,000 km2. It grows in a number of different vegetation types and in some

protected areas.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista desvauxii is a polymorphic

species with a wide distribution in the Americas. The species has leaves with two pairs of leaflets, each with palmate

venation, and there is an extrafloral nectary on the petiole. The species resembles Ch. diphylla and Ch. ramosa,

although the former has only 1 pair of leaflets per leaf, and the latter has a petiole under 3 mm long and generally

smaller leaflets. Irwin & Barneby (1982) recognised 17 varieties in C. desvauxii, three of which occur in the CV.

Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langsdorffii differs from the other varieties in having a single stem, which branches only

terminally, and oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic leaflets and a sessile nectary.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 25 km by road N of Alto Paraíso de

Goiás, 08 March 1973, (fl.), W.R. Anderson 6664 (NY); ib., estradinha de terra a 3 km N de Alto Paraíso de Goiás em

entrada privativa, 14 March 1995, (fl.), T.B. Cavalcanti 1331 (CEN); ib., Rodovia GO-118, km 156 em direção a Alto

Paraíso, em cerrado rupestre, 22 June 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 473 (UFG); Cavalcante, GO-118, 7 km após o

Pouso Alto, 13º57’7’’S, 47º27’36.7’’W, 23 March 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 2265 (UFG).

18.2. Chamaecrista desvauxii var. latistipula (Bentham 1870: 156) Lewis (1987: 77). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx) (Figs. 7C

and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The taxon is recorded from all regions of Brazil (BFG 2015)

occurring in many environments, but generally in wetter areas where it tends to form larger populations. In CV area it

is frequent and forms dense populations (of more than 40 individuals); it grows in damp grassy fields along trails, in

caves amongst rocks, in gallery forests on sandy, clayey, waterlogged soils and even between rock crevices (Fig. 19A).

Flowering and fruiting are from February to July.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) due to its wide area of occurrence,

and its capacity to grow in diverse habitats.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The taxon differs from the other varieties

of Ch. desvauxii in being of a more robust habit and having larger foliage (leaflets 2–3.5 × 1.8–3 cm) and flowers. It

DE SOUZA ET AL.

especially stands out by its large (1.5–2.6 × 1–2 cm), suborbicular or broadly elliptic stipules which have an obtuse or

rounded apex and are imbricate on the stem.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 15 km W. of Alto Paraíso de Goiás,

14 February 1966, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 12835 (NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 20 km N of Alto Paraíso, 19 March

1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 32145 (NY); ib., ca. 20 km by road N of Alto Paraíso, 03 March 1973, (fl., fr.), W.R. Anderson

6203 (NY); ib., morro atrás do alojamento do parque em direção ao Rio Preto, 13°34’26’’S, 48°05’48’’W, 1210m,

10 February 2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza 126 (UFG); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 25 May 1975, (fl., fr.), G.G.

Hatschbach 36858 (NY); Teresina de Goiás, Rod. GO118, km 50, 13°52’00’’S, 47°18’00’’W, 900m, 10 July 1993, (fl.,

fr.), G. Pereira-Silva et al. 1448 (CEN).

18.3. Chamaecrista desvauxii var. mollissima (Bentham 1870: 157) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 868). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx)

(Figs. 7E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—in the taxon is recorded from throughout Brazil and occurs in 17

Brazilian states (BFG 2015). In Goiás, it occurs from north to south and in the CV area is known from Alto Paraíso

de Goiás (Fig. 19A), growing along the edges of cerrados típicos, campos sujos and campos limpos on clayey soils.

Flowers and fruiting from December to March.

Conservation Status:—The variety is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) because it occurs throughout

Brazil in disturbed environments and along the margins of cerrado.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista desvauxii var. mollissima is

a caespitose sub-shrub, generally growing decumbent among grasses. It has obovate leaflets 2–4 times longer than

wide. The variety is most similar to variety langsdorffii by the size of its leaflets and stipules, but Ch. desvauxii var.

langsdorffii is an erect plant with a single stem which branches terminally; its leaflets are narrowly elliptic, oblong-

elliptic or linear-oblanceolate, and 3.5–8(–10) times longer than wide.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 15 km south of Alto Paraíso, road to

São João de Aliança, 19 March 1969, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 24642 (NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 19 km N. of Alto do

Paraíso, 20 March 1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 32782 (NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 27 km by road N of Alto Paraíso,

09 March 1973, (fl., fr.), W.R. Anderson 6700 (NY); ib., GO-118 entre Alto Paraíso e Teresina de Goiás, 14 December

2012, (fl.), A.O. Souza 67 (UFG).

19. Chamaecrista diphylla (Linnaeus 1753: 376) Greene (1899: 28). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx) (Figs. 8A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species occurs in all regions of Brazil with the exception of the

Southern region (BFG 2015). In the CV it is found only in the Alto Paraíso de Goiás municipality (Fig. 19B). It is a

rare taxon in the CV area and grows along the borders cerrado típico ou cerrado rupestre and campos rupestres. It has

been collected in flower in March.

Conservation Status:—It is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) due to its wide distribution throughout

Brazil.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is similar in appearance to, and

can thus be confused with, the varieties of Ch. desvauxii and Ch. ramose. The three species share the characters of

parallel leaflet veins, axillary solitary flowers, and calyces with two reduced sepals and parallel venation. Nevertheless,

Ch. diphylla is readily differentiated in having leaves with only one pair of leaflets, whereas the other two species

always have 2 pairs of leaflets per leaf.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 40 km ao S. de Paraíso, 24 March 1968, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin et al.

21767 (UB); Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, 22 March 2010, C.B.R. Munhoz et al. 7865 (UB).

20. Chamaecrista elata Souza & Silva (2018: 242). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Figs. 8C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista elata, endemic to the CV area, was recently described

as new by Souza & Silva (2018) It occurs in the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 19B), where it grows in

cerrado típico near to urban developments, in clay or sandy-stony soils between 1000–1260 m altitude.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO estimated at 31.45 km2 and is not known within the limits of the

CVNP. It is assessed as being Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, iii, iv) following IUCN Red List

categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species resembles Ch. irwiniana and Ch.

sparsifolia by its weak shrubby habit (usually a single stem) and suborbicular and divaricate leaflets. Chamaecrista

elata differs from these two species by its sessile or short-petiolate leaves (petiole up to 4 mm long), with the first pair

of leaflets amplexicaul and the subsequent leaflets divaricate; it lacks a series of stipules at the base of the paniculate

inflorescence and its leaves are not reduced to bract like structures; its flowers have glabrous sepals.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, region of the Cachoeira dos Cristais, 6

September 2014, fr., M. J. Silva et al. 6102 (UFG); ib., on the road leaving Alto Paraíso de Goiás towards the water

treatment plant of Saneago, 14°08’06’’S, 47°30’51’’W, 1261m, 2 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1733, 1734

(UFG, UB, SP). ib., M.J. Silva et al. 6838 (UFG).

21. Chamaecrista fagonioides var. macrocalyx (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 276) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 661). (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Absoideae) (Figs. 8E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista fagonioides var. macrocalyx is a Brazilian endemic

occurring in all regions, except the South; it is most frequent in the Midwest region (Irwin & Barneby 1982, BFG

2015). In the CV, it has been collected in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cavalcante, Colinas do Sul and

Monte Alegre de Goiás (Fig. 19B) growing in cerrado típico, in rupestrian cerrado and in campos rupestres, on clayey

or sandy soils, sometimes in rock crevices. Flowering and fruiting are from February to June.

Conservation Status:—the extensive area of occurrence (EOO) of the species has led us to assess the taxon as

being of Least Concern (LC).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista fagonioides var. macrocalyx is

easily recognized by its viscous stems and decumbent habit, straggling amongst other vegetation or prostrate; its leaves

have two pairs of non-divaricate, membranous leaflets, its flower buds are globose and its petals orange

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, morro do Chapéu a 10 km atrás do Morro da Baleia, 13 July

2013, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 598 (UFG); Cavalcante, aproximadamente 4km antes da Fazenda Pouso da Curriola em

direção a RPPN Serra do Tombador em cerrado ralo, 13º32’48”S, 47º31’35”W, 1221m, 03 July 2015, (fl.), A.O. Souza

et al. 1749 (UFG); Colinas do Sul, arredores de Colinas, 20 km by road W of Monte Alegre de Goiás, bre el caminho

a, II/1973, (fl.), W.R. Anderson 6832 (NY). Cavalcante, 05II/1990, (fl.), M.M. Arbo 3678 (NY); Monte Alegre de

Goiás.

22. Chamaecrista feliciana (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 135) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654) (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 9A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to the state of Goiás, where it grows in cerrado

típico between 800–1300 m elevation. It is known from the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cavalcante, Nova

Roma and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 19C), growing on clayey soils. Flowering and fruiting are from July to February.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 15,911 km2 and is assessed as being Vulnerable (VU, criterion

B1, subcriteria b i, iii) following IUCN Red List categories. However, it grows in rugged mountainous areas, unsuitable

for cultivation or urban development of habitation, and some of these areas are protected (e.g. the CVNP).

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista feliciana can be confused with

Ch. macedoi and Ch. polita by its similar petiolate leaves with 6–13 pairs of divaricate leaflets, its sub-shrubby habit

and viscous racemes. It is distinguished from both species by its leaflets with a ciliate margin and prominent secondary

veins on both surfaces, and by its setulose-viscous and puberulent branches (the other two species have leaflets without

a ciliate margin and with veins impressed on both surfaces, and its stems are glabrous.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante rodovia de Alto Paraíso de Goiás sentido Teresina de Goiás, borda direita da

estrada, próximo a Fazenda Canastra, campo rupestre, 13º55’12.3”S, 47º25’5.2”W, 1475m, 06 September 2014, (fl.,

fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1304, 1305 (UFG); Nova Roma, estrada para Abobreira aproximadamente 10 km da estrada de

chão partindo da GO-118, 13º28’20”S, 47º7’55.2”W, 428m, 01 November 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1500 (UFG);

Teresina de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 5 km antes de Teresina de Goiás, 21 February 2014, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al.

5890 (UFG).

23. Chamaecrista flexuosa var. flexuosa (Linnaeus 1753: 379) Greene (1899: 27) (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser.

Flexuosae) (Fig. 9C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—According to Irwin & Barneby (1982) this taxon occurs from southern

Texas, and Cuba, to northern Argentina. In Brazil, it occurs in all phytogeographical domains and throughout all states,

both in protected areas and as a weed along roadsides and in farmland. The species is recorded from all municipalities

of the CV (Fig. 19C). Its flowers and fruits throughout the year.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC). It is a pioneer taxon in many

habitats and grows as a ruderal throughout the Americas.

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Despite its wide distribution and considerable

polymorphism this taxon can be easily recognized by flexuous branches, flowers in axillary fascicles, and leaflets in 25

to 65 pairs per leaf, each leaflet with palmate-dimidiate venation. Based on its habit, growth form, leaves and leaflets

its can be confused with Ch. oligandra, but the latter has stipules with an oblique base, petioles with one nectary and

androecium with 7–9 stamens. Chamaecrista flexuosa var. flexuosa has semicordate stipules, petioles with 1 to 3

nectaries and an androecium with 10 stamens.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, 12 km a Leste do Rio Tocantins, em direção a Cavalcante, 02/2002, (fl., fr.),

G. Pereira-Silva 5879 (CEN); Colinas do Sul, arredores da Fazenda Gavião, 12 July 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al.

527 (UFG); Monte Alegre de Goiás, 8 km by road W of Monte Alegre, 11 March 1973, (fl., fr.), W.R. Anderson 6840

(NY).

24. Chamaecrista floribunda Silva & Souza (2015: 157). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Figs. 9E

and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista floribunda is an endemic species of the CV region

(Alto Paraíso de Goiás and São João d’Aliança municipalities) (Fig. 19C) where it grows in cerrado típico, campos

sujos and campos limpos, on clay soils, with or without rocky outcrops, between 1000 and 1350 meters elevation.

Flowering and fruiting are from June to October.

Conservation Status:—Although occurring in protected areas (e.g. the CVNP) on rocky slopes with difficult

access, the species is assessed, following IUCN Red List categories, as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria

bi, iii), because its EOO is calculated to be 292.25 km2.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista floribunda is readily

recognized by its leaves with 2 to 4 pairs of divaricate, sub-orbicular to broadly elliptic, chartaceous leaflets, its sub-

shrubby,caespitose habit and by a series of stipules below the many-flowered (up to 30) racemes that are exserted from

the foliage.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, imediações da Central da SANEAGO,

A.O. Souza et al. 664 (UFG); São João d’Aliança, cerrado nas proximidades do Atos Hotel, na saída da cidade, 04

September 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 1260 (UFG).

25. Chamaecrista frondosa Silva & Souza (2014: 182). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Microphyllae) (Figs. 9G

and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista frondosa is known only from the CVNP (in the

municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante) (Fig. 19D) where it forms populations ofmore than 40

individuals in campos rupestres, cerrado rupestres and cerrado típico Flowering and fruiting is from May to August.

Conservation Status:—The species a narrow endemic restricted to difficult to access areas in the CVNP. It has

an EOO estimated to be 54.06 km2 and is consequently assessed as being Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1,

subcriteria bi, ii, iii) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista frondosa shares the sub-

shrubby, caespitose habit, oblong or oblanceolate leaflets, and short racemes (up to 10 cm long) with Ch. harmisiana.

Chamaecrista frondosa differs in having leaves with 3–5 pairs of leaflets, these resin-dotted at least on one of the down

surfaces, and with a shortly mucronate apex, and inflorescences and fruits densely viscous (vs. leaves with 5–10 pairs

of leaflets which lack resin-dots and have a conspicuosly mucronate apex, and inflorescences and fruits non-viscous in

Ch. harmisiana).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, aproximadamente 2 km do Rio Preto, 21 June 2013, (fl., fr.),

A.O. Souza et al. 435 (UFG), Cavalcante, 900 m a partir do rio Preto, após a Cachoeira das Sete Quedas, 14º05’37.1”S

47º44’56.9”W, 1065 m, 02 August 2013, (fl.), M. J. Silva et al. 5213 (UFG).

26. Chamaecrista fulgida Barneby (1999: 336). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Hedysaroides) (Figs. 10A–C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species endemic to the CV region, occurring in the municipalities

of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 19D). It has been collected in cerrado típico, cerradão, and cerrado

rupestre in the interior of the CVNP and in surrounding areas, on clay soils or amongst rocky outcrops. Flowering and

fruiting are from August to September.

Conservation Status:—Although growing in a protected area (the CVNP), the species is assessed as Endangered

(EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii) following IUCN Red List categories, due to its EOO of 372.6 km2.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista fulgida is one of the few

arboreal species in the CV area, and can reach heights of 15 meters. It has a conspicuously fissured, greyish trunk,

oblong or elliptic leaflets with an opaque adaxial surface and a lustrous, resin-dotted abaxial surface, and large flowers

(up to 7 cm long) with the adaxial petal up to 4 cm long. By this combination of characters, the species is easily

distinguished from all others in the study area.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros. Trilha entre a Sede

do Parque e o Cânion do Rio Preto, VIII/1995, (fl.), F.C.A. Oliveira 402 (NY) ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, lado de

esquerdo da estrada de acesso a Vila São Jorge, 15 December 2012, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 81 (UFG), ib.; cerca de 6

km do Rio Preto, 21 June 2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 434 (UFG); ib., estrada atrás dos alojamentos em direção ao

rio Preto cerca de 200m, 14º09’30”S, 47º47’40.4”W, 389m, 20 August 2016, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1836 (UFG);

Cavalcante, após o Rio Preto pela Fazenda Bona Espero, imediações do Morro Peito de Moça, em cerrado rupestre,

14º02’57.2”S, 47º38’59.2”W, 1180m, 05 September 2014, A.O. Souza et al. 1283 (UFG).

27. Chamaecrista glandulosa var. brasiliensis (Vogel 1837: 63) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 798). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista

ser. Chamaecrista) (Fig. 10D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista glandulosa is a widely distributed species in the

Americas; however, Ch. glandulosa var. brasiliensis is endemic to Brazil and occurs in: Bahia, Goiás, Rio de Janeiro,

São Paulo and Paraná, growing in cerrado típico on clayey soils, or disturbed areas along roadsides (Irwin & Barneby

1982). In the CV area, it was found to be infrequent in the margins of cerrados típicos and along roads of the Cavalcante

municipality (Fig. 19D). Flowering and fruiting is from February to May.

Conservation Status:—The wide distribution of this variety, its ability to colonize recently disturbed sites and its

estimated EOO of 1,037.95 km2 lead to a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List

categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista glandulosa var. brasiliensis

can be confused with Ch. nictitans var. ramosa, by its similar habit, phyllotaxy, leaf and leaflet form, and flowers in

supra-axillary fascicles. Chamaecrista. glandulosa var. brasiliensis differs, however, in having nectaries on the petiole

and leaf rachis, and an erect growth form (up to 1.7 meters tall), while Ch. nictitans var. ramosa has nectaries only on

the petiole, and an erect or decumbent growth form (up to of 60 cm tall).

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, estrada para os kalungas, 05 April 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 254 and

255 (UFG).

28. Chamaecrista gymnothyrsa (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 146) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 10E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species endemic to the northern portion of Goiás in the

municipalities of Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 19E), where it grows in cerrado ralos or campos sujos, on

crystalline outcrops, between 500–1200 meters of elevation. Flowering and fruiting are from May to July.

Conservation Status:—Due to its restricted distribution, with an EOO of 320.65 km2, Ch. gymnothyrsa is

assessed as Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii) following IUCN Red List categories. However, it grows

in mountainous areas that are difficult to access and unsuitable for agriculture and urban development.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista gymnothyrsa is a rare and little

collected species in the CV area. It can be easily recognized, when fertile, by its long inflorescence (up to 2 meters)

with a long sterile portion, and flowers only on the terminal portions, and when sterile by the petiolate leaves arranged

at the base of the stem, each with 11–31 pairs of leaflets arranged divaricatelyalong the rachis.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, GO-12 30km ao Sul da cidade, 26 May 1975, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 36911

(NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, em direção ao Engenho II, região dos Kalungas, cerca de 18 km após Cavalcante,

13º39’29.4’’S, 47º28’31.4”W, 1108m, 25 July 2014, (fl., fr.), R.C. Sodré et al. 1330 (UFG); ib., Aproximadamente 6

km da Fazenda Papuã em direção a RRPN Serra do Tombador, 13º36’09’’S, 47º38’44”W, 1077m, 03 July 2015, (fl.,

fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1753 (UFG); ib., Aproximadamente 6 km a partir da placa indicativa da Fazenda São Vicente em

direção a RPPN Serra do Tombador, 13º35’56’’S, 47º31’25”W, 1173m, 03 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1179

(UFG).

29. Chamaecrista harmisiana Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Microphyllae) (Figs.

10G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species endemic to the Midwest region of Brazil, currently

recorded from the state of Goiás and the Federal District in campos and cerrado rupestres (Irwin & Barneby 1982). In

DE SOUZA ET AL.

the CV area it has been collected in Pouso Alto in the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 19E), growing on

rocky outcrops in cerrado rupestre and cerrado típico, on clay soils or between rock crevices. Flowering and fruiting

are from February to May.

Conservation Status:—The species is represented by very few collections in national and international herbaria.

Based on its EOO of 630.95 km2, it is assessed as Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii) following IUCN

Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista harmisiana is a sub-shrubby to

shrubby species with blackish or brownish stems with numerous branches that give it a globose canopy, it has oblong-

elliptic leaflets with a prominent mucro and both surfaces are resin-dotted, and relatively short racemes (up to 10 cm

long). It resembles Ch. frondosa by its habit, foliage, and leaflet morphology. However, it differs from Ch. frondosa by

the characters already discussed under that species.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, região da Serra do Pouso Alto, 09 February 2012, (fl.), M.M.

Dantas et al. 166 (UFG); ib., aproximadamente 22 km de Alto Paraíso em sentido a Cavalcante, campo limpo,

14°07’57”S, 47°30’35”W, 1186 m, 25 May 2012, (fl.), M.M. Dantas et al. 272 (UFG); ib., aproximadamente 25 km de

Alto Paraíso, nos arredores da Serra do Pouso Alto, em campo rupestre, 13°55’34”S, 47°25’48”W, 26 May 2012, (fl.),

M.M. Dantas et al. 305 (UFG); ib., cerca de 1 km da torre de sinal sentido Morro do Cruzeiro, na subida do morro,

em afloramentos rochosos, 13°56’44”S, 47°29’48”W, 1480 m, 24 February 2018, R.G. Matos et al. 400 (UFG); ib.,

cerca de 8 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, sentido Cavalcante ao lado esquerdo da rodovia GO-118, na região do Morro

do Cruzeiro 14°04’14.5”S, 47°30’40.1”W, 1343 m, 25 May 2018, (fl.), R.G. Matos et al. 430 (UFG); ib., 3 km após o

Morro do Cruzeiro, nas proximidades da região da Serra do Pouso Alto, 13°58’31”S, 47°30’39,8”W, 24 August 2018,

fr., R.G. Matos et al 510 (UFG).

30. Chamaecrista irwiniana Souza & Silva In Souza et al. (2015: 14). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae)

(Fig. 11A).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to the CV (in the municipalities of Alto

Paraíso de Goiás, Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 19E)). It grows in cerrado típico or cerrado rupestre on rock

outcrops, clayey or sandy and stony soils, between 1000–1500m eleveation. Flowering and fruiting are from May to

October.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO estimated to be 512.18 km2 and it is thus assessed as Endangered

(EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, iii) following the IUCN Red List categories. Nevertheless, it occurs in the CVNP in

areas of rugged relief and is thus not immediately threatened.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista irwiniana is similar in

appearance to Ch. macedoi by its elongated 20–50-flowered inflorescences, which are densely setose or hispid-setose

with golden trichomes and with flowers in a rosette arrangement at the apex. However, Ch. macedoi differs from C.

irwiniana in having leaflets with 7–10 pairs of prominent secondary veins (vs. 5–6 pairs of impressed veins in Ch.

irwiniana), stipules 2–5 mm long. (vs. 7–15 mm), buds apiculate or acute at their apex (vs. obtuse), and inflorescences

without a series of basal stipules (vs. these present).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros (CVNP), Morro do

Chapéu, após a Fazenda Bona Espero, cerrado de altitude com afloramentos de rochas, 13 July 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O.

Souza et al. 605 (UFG); Cavalcante, CVNP, 1.6 km a partir do rio Preto na área da Cachoeira das Sete Quedas do lado

de Cavalcante, 14º05’40.9’’S, 47º45’05.8’’W, 1062m, 02 July 2013, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva, et al. 5217 (UFG); Teresina

de Goiás, GO-118 km 204, lado esquerdo da estrada ca. 100m a partir da cerca, 26 July 2014, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al.

6005 (UFG).

31. Chamaecrista isidorea (Bentham 1870: 154) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Microphyllae) (Fig. 11B and C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—the species occurs in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and the Federal

District in cerrados típicos, cerradão or at the edges of riparian forests (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In

the CV area, it has been collected in cerrados típicos and cerradão in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás,

Colinas do Sul and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 19F), on clay soils. Known to flower from May to August.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO estimated at 255,189 km2, and is assessed as being of Least

Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.It occurs in the protected area of the CVNP which includes habitats

of rugged relief unsuitable for agriculture.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista isidorea is a (sometimes

caespitose) shrub up to 4 m tall, has leaves with 9–18 pairs of oblong leaflets, elongated racemes (up to 30 long),

acute buds and linear bracts (5–11 mm long). In herbaria it can be confused with Ch. neesiana var. laxiracemosa by

the similarity in leaves, leaflets and racemes, but Ch. isidorea differs in being an erect shrub (over 1 m tall), while Ch.

neesiana var. laxiracemosa is a decumbent or creeping sub shrub.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parna, Fazenda Bona Espero, estrada atrás do Morro da Baleia,

próx. ao Rio Preto, 17 August 1995, (fl.), R. Marquete 2330 (NY); Colinas do Sul, aproximadamente 2 km de Colinas

do Sul em direção a Niquelândia, nas proximidades do bar Morro Redondo, em borda de cerrado, 04 July 2015, (fl.),

A.O. Souza et al. 1780 (UFG).

32. Chamaecrista kunthiana (Schlechtendal & Chamisso 1830: 598) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect.

Chamaecrista ser. Prostratae) (Fig. 11D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—In Brazil the species is present in all regions, inhabiting open fields,

clearings of coastal or inland forests, and cerrados típicos.It has been found near to the CVNP lodgings, along roadsides

or in pastures on clayey soils in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Campos Belos, Cavalcante, Monte Alegre

de Goiás, Nova Roma and São João d’Aliança (Fig. 19F). Flowering and fruiting is from January to March.

Conservation Status:—Its wide ecological range and frequency of occurrence lead to a conservation assessment

of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista kunthiana is distinguished by

its prostrate habit, leaves always with three pairs of leaflets, the petiole bearing a nectary, and flowers solitary with five

fertile stamens. It resembles Ch.supplex in sharing the prostrate habit, a nectary on the petiole and a reduced number

of stamens. However, Ch. supplex has villosulose branches with whitish trichomes and leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of

leaflets.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 12 km south of Alto Paraíso (formerly

Veadeiros), 22 March 1969, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin 24874 (NY); Cavalcante, estrada para o engenho 2, 04 April 2013, (fl.,

fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 238 (UFG).

33. Chamaecrista lavradiiflora (Harms 1924: 124) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 658). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Ochnacae) (Fig. 11E).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species endemic to Brazil and recorded from the states of Goiás

and Minas Gerais and in the Federal District (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the CV it is only known

from the municipality of São João D’Aliança (Fig. 19F) growing in cerrado típico amongst grass species, on clay soils.

Flowering and fruiting is from July to September.

Conservation Status:—The species occurs in areas disturbed by humans and in no protected areas. It has an EOO

estimated at 62,773 km2 and is assessed as being Near Threatened (NT) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The caespitose and decumbent sub-shubby

habit, persistent stipules, leaves with a pair of suborbicular, cartilaginous leaflets but lacking an extrafloral nectary, the

terminal, suberect racemes, and flower pedicels 1.5–5.5 cm long together diagnose the species. Although it shares with

Ch. cotinifolia var. glaberrima the shubby habit and leaves with only a single pair of suborbicular leaflets, the latter is

an erect plant with obsolete stipules,coriaceous leaflets 2.5–6 cm long, and pedicels 0.8–15 cm long.

Specimens examined:—São João D’Aliança, cerrado próximo ao Hotel Chapéu do Sol, M.J. Silva 5848 (UFG);

ib., 04 September 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1257 (UFG).

34. Chamaecrista lavradioides (Bentham 1870: 137) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 659) (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Incurvatae) (Fig. 11F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista lavradioides is endemic to Goiás where it occurs in

the municipalities of Cristalina and Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 19G) growing in campos limpos or campos sujos. In

the CV area it has been collected in the CVNP in campos limpos on waterlogged clayey soils. Flowering and fruiting

are from August to April.

Conservation Status:—Based on an EOO estimated at 839.05 km2 and the infrequency of individual plants, the

species is assessed as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista lavradioides resembles C.

crommyotricha by the weak sub-shrubby habit and the form and orientation of its leaves and linear-oblanceolate or

obovate leaflets that are resin-dotted in the abaxial surface. Chamaecrista lavradioides differs, however, in having

DE SOUZA ET AL.

leaves always with one pair of leaflets, petioles 2–5.5 mm long, and 5-angulate floral buds (vs. leaves with 1(2) pairs

of leaflets; petioles with 6–15 mm long, and non-angulate floral buds in C. crommyotricha).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 15 km W. of Alto Paraíso de Goiás

(formerly Veadeiros), 10 February 1966, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 12463 (NY); ib., Fazenda Bona Espero após o Rio Preto, em

direção ao morro Peito de Moça, 14°03’10.9”S, 47°38’55.7”W, 1187m, 24 March 2017, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1992

(UFG); São João D’Aliança, ca. 5 km ao sul da cidade, borda direita da cidade, 23 March 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al.

2273 (UFG, UB).

35. Chamaecrista leucopilis (Harms 1924: 136) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 650). 1982. (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Ursinae) (Figs. 11G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to the CV area, but recorded to date only

from the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 19G), where it grows in cerrados ralos or campos sujos near

streams or in gallery forest, on river sand banks or in clay soils. Flowering and fruiting are from May to August.

Conservation Status:—Although the species occurs in the protected CVNP, including in areas of difficult access,

it is assessed as being Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii) following IUCN Red List categories,

based on its EOO estimated at 91.6 km2.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista leucopilis is a shrub up to 1.8

m tall, has stems with distally pendulous branches, densely covered by stellate, cream-coloured trichomes, its leaves

are conspicuously discolorous with the adaxial surface light green and the abaxial surface cream-coloured and covered

by the same trichomes as on the stems, its racemes are terminal and pendent. It shares with Ch. paniculata the stellate

cream-coloured or whitish trichomes, these being the only two species in the CV area to possess this type of trichome.

However, Ch. paniculata has oblanceolate leaflets with a revolute margin, its petiole and rachis winged, and sepals

long-acuminate and larger than the petals, while Ch. leucopilis has elliptical leaflets with a plane margin, its petiole

and rachis not winged, and sepals obtuse or acute and smaller than the petals.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 12 km south of Alto Paraíso (formerly

Veadeiros), 22 March 1969, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 24875 (NY); ib., GO-118 ca. 20 km ao norte da cidade, 800m a dentro da

estrada, 18 August 2016, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1822 (UFG).

36. Chamaecrista longicuspis (Bentham 1870: 150) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 660). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Absoideae) (Figs. 12A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian species recorded from the state of Goiás and in the

Federal District, growing in swamps, seasonally dry forests and gallery forest (Irwin & Barneby 1982, Flora do Brasil

2020 under construction). In the CV area, it has been found along the edges of seasonally dry forest and in cerradão

in the region of the Valley of the Moon in Alto Paraíso de Goiás, as well as in the interior of the CVNP (Fig. 19G).

Flowering and fruiting are from May to June.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 10,171 km2 and is assessed as being of Vunerable (VU)

following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista longicuspis can be easily

recognized by its shrubby habit (up to 4 meters tall), its leaves always with 2 pairs of papyraceous, elliptic leaflets

which are cuspidate at the apex, its stems and inflorescences densely viscous, and its axillary racemes amongst the

leaves of the terminal branches.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, trilha de acesso ao Vale da lua, 11 February 2013, fr., A.O. Souza

et al. 132 (UFG); ib., estrda do Vale da Lua, 19 August 2016, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1832 (UFG); ib., borda esquerda da

entrada da estrada que leva ao Vale da Lua, 23 March 2018, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 2269 (UB, UFG).

37. Chamaecrista lundii (Bentham 1870: 660) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Paniculatae) (Fig. 12C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian species recorded from the states of Bahia, Goiás, Minas

Gerais and in the Federal District (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). It grows in cerrados típicos and campos, in

clayey or stony soils commonly amongst grasses, at elevations from 950–1250 meters. In the CV it only has been found

in the municipality of São João d’Aliança (Fig. 19H) in cerrado típico. It flowers and fruits from May to September.

Conservation Status:—Given its EOO estimated at 38,724 km2 and occurrence outside protected areas it is

assessed as being Near Threatened (NT) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species can be confused with Ch.

pachyclada due to their similar caespitose, subshrubby habit, and leaves with 5 to 15 pairs of suborbicular, divaricate,

coriaceous leaflets. However, it is distinguished from the latter by having flowers in racemes and by the very evident

blackish trichomes present on the pedicels, the external surface of the sepals and on fruits, together with the absence

of glands on the margins of the leaflets (vs. flowers in panicles, trichomes hyaline and glands present on the margin of

leaflets in C. pachyclada).

Specimens examined:—São João D’Aliança, Fazenda. Capão da Onça, 28 May 1975, fr., G.G. Hatschbach

36968 (NY).

38. Chamaecrista macedoi (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 136) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 12E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista macedoi is endemic to Goiás, occurring in the northern

portion of the CV, in the municipalities of Cavalcante (Serra do Tombador region) (Fig. 19H), and in Niquelândia,

growing in cerrado típico, campos sujos, in clayey and stony soils, between 800–1100m elevetion. Flowering and

fruiting are from June to July.

Conservation Status:—Although it grows in an area that is difficult to access, inappropriate for agriculture

systems and urban development, and bordering areas under permanent protection, such as the Private Natural Heritage

Reserve (PNHR), Serra do Tombador, the species is assessed as Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, iii)

based on its EOO of 590 km2 and following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is notable for its densely setose

or hispid-setose inflorescences with golden trichomes, flowers up to 7 cm long (including pedicel), the petals up to 3.4

cm long, floral buds arranged in a rosette-like formation at the apex of the inflorescence, and leaflets with 7–10 pairs

of, conspicuous, prominent secondary veins on both faces, the tertiary veins reticulate and only slightly prominent. It

resembles Ch. feliciana and Ch. obolaria in habit, leaf and leaflet form, but differs by the characters mentioned under

the comments of the latter.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 9 km a partir do povoado São Domingos, Serra do

Tombador, 26 July 2014, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 6073 (UFG); ib., Reserva Natural Serra do Roncador, 2 km a partir

da sede, 26 July 2014, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 6078 (UFG); ib., aproximadamente 6 km da Fazenda Papuã em direção

a RRPN Serra do Tombador, 13º36’09’’S, 47º38’44”W, 1077m, 03 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1757 (UFG);

ib., M.J. Silva 6855 (UFG); ib., aproximadamente 1.5 km antes da RPPN Serra do Tombador, em cerrado ralo em

encosta de morro, 13º38’29’’S, 47º42’16”W, 998m, 03 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1770 (UFG).

39. Chamaecrista multiseta (Bentham 1870: 141) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 660). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Absoideae) (Figs. 12G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is distributed in the Midwest, Southeast, North and

Northeast regions of Brazil, and occurs at the edges of cerrado, in dry forest, mata ciliar or gallery forest. In the CV

it has been collected in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 19H) growing at the edges of

dry forest and in cerradão, on clay soils. Flowers and fruits occur from January to December, but mostly during the dry

season from June to August.

Conservation Status:—The species is widespread in Brazil, occurs in protected areas, has an EOO estimated to

be 661,728 km2 and is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista multiseta is a small tree up to

6 m tall, its leaves always have two pairs of papyraceous, conspicuously discolorous leaflets, with their adaxial surface

greenish andglossy and their abaxial surface whitish with the secondary veins slightly prominent, and the main stems

and inflorescence axes densely hispid-setose with pungent trichomes over 3 mm long

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 6–7 km E of Alto Paraíso on road

to Nova Roma, 07 March 1973, fr., W.R. Anderson 6533 (NY); ib., Rodovia para Nova Roma, Rio Bartolomeu, 13

June 1993, (fl., fr.), G.G. Hatschbach 59450 (NY); Cavalcante, Fazenda do Criminoso, 27 May 1975, (fl.), G.G.

Hatschbach 36942 (NY), ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 10 km south of Cavalcante, 11 March 1969, (fl.), H.S. Irwin

24259 (NY).

40. Chamaecrista nanodes (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 131) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 12I).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista nanodes is endemic to the northern portion of the

state of Goiás (in the municipalities of Cavalcante and Niquelândia (Fig. 19I)) where it grows in cerrados típicos

DE SOUZA ET AL.

or cerrados ralos, at between 900–1100 meters altitude, on clayey soils and gravel. Flowering and fruiting are from

January to July.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 597.2 km2, has few individuals per population and is uncommon.

It is assessed to be Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species shares with Ch. ciliolata var.

pulchella the diminutive habit (up to 20 cm tall), and the branches setose or setulose-viscous with divaricate, ciliate

leaflets. Chamaecrista nanodes differs in having typical racemes, each with 6–10 laxly arranged flowers, ellipsoid

flower buds and non-mucronate anthers (vs. inflorescences congested, each with 10–28 flowers, globose flower buds

and mucronate anthers in Ch. ciliolata var. pulchella).

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, aproximadamente 1 km antes da RPPN Serra do Tombador, em cerrado ralo

em encosta de morro, 13º38’29’’S, 47º42’16’’W, 1001m, 03 July 2015, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 1764 (UFG); ib., M.J.

Silva et al. 6862 (UFG).

41. Chamaecrista neesiana var. neesiana (Bentham 1870: 148) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Microphyllae) (Fig. 13A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A taxon endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, occurring in the states of

Goiás, Bahia and Minas Gerais (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the CV it is found only in the municipality

of Cavalcante (Fig. 19I) growing on hillsides in cerrado típico or cerradão, on clay soils or on roadsides. Flowers and

fruits between May and September.

Conservation Status:—The species is relatively common in the savannas of Goiás and Minas Gerais with known

populations having more than 30 individuals. It has an EOO of ca. 313,603 km2 and is assessed as being of Least

Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Among the taxa of the CV, Chamaecrista

neesiana var. neesiana resembles Chamaecrista sp. and Ch. isidorea. These three taxa share leaves with 5 to 18 pairs

of small oblong leaflets, flowers in racemes, buds acute at the apex, and leaves with glandular trichomes but without

nectaries. However, Ch. isidorea differs by its shrubby habit (up to 4 m tall) with inflorescences elongated (up to 30

cm long) and persistent bracts, and Chamaecrista sp. is a creeping subshrub. Chamaecrista neesiana var. neesiana is

an erect subshrub or shrub (up to 1.5 m tall), has short inflorescences (up to 15 cm long) a caducous bracts.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, estrada GO-241, Cavalcante-Minaçu; saída a norte da área urbana de

Cavalcante, seguindo à esquerda na bifurcação para Engenho II, à esquerda na bifurcação rumo ao Prata; ca. 13 km

antes da sede da reserva, 24 July 2014, (fl.), L.M. Borges 1042 (SPF); ib., Serra do Tombador, a 3.7 km da Fazenda

Brejinho sentido Minaçu, em borda de cerrado típico, vegetação baixa, próximo da estrada de chão, solo arenoso e

cascalhento, 13°35’31”S, 47°39’25”W, 22 June 2018, (fl.), R.G. Matos & U.S. Amaral 510 (UFG); ib., cerca de 300

metros do Mirante da Nova Aurora, beira de estrada de chão, em barrancos de areia, cerrado típico, latossolo vermelho,

13°41’33.7”S, 47°28’8.8”W, 27 July 2018, (fl., fr.), R.G. Matos & U.S. Amaral 585 (UFG).

42. Chamaecrista nictitans var. ramosa (Vogel 1837: 66) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 818). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser.

Chamaecrista) (Fig. 14C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A species found in Brazil from north to south. In the CV area it has

been collected in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Campos Belos, Cavalcante, Monte Alegre de Goiás,

Teresina de Goiás, and São João D’Aliança (Fig. 20A), growing at the edges of cerradso típicos and along roadsides,

in clay soil. Flowering and fruiting is mainly during the rainy season between January to April.

Conservation Status:—Due to wide extent of occurrence (EOO) and ability to colonize degraded areas the taxon

is assessed as of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The taxon is morphologically similar in

appearance to Ch. glandulosa var. brasiliensis, as discussed in comments under that taxon. Nevertheless, it is easily

recognized by its herbaceous to subshrubby habit, its leaves with 6 to 10 pairs of leaflets, with extrafloral nectaries

sessile on the petiole, in lacking glandular trichomes, and its inflorescences in supra-axillary fascicles.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 24 March 2005, (fl.), E. Chaves & C.E.B. Proença 250 (UB);

Cavalcante, estrada para os kalungas, 05 April 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 253 (UFG); ib., GO-118, 7 km após

o Pouso Alto, 13º57’7’’S, 47º27’36.7’’W, 23 March 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 2264 (UFG); São João D’Aliança,

15/03/1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 31802 (UB).

43. Chamaecrista obolaria (Irwin & Barneby 1982: 654) Souza & Silva (2015c: 257). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 13D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—An species endemic to the CV region (in the municipalities of

Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 20B)), where it grows in cerrados rupestres on clayey soils or close to rocky

outcrops, between 750–1000 meters elevation. Collected in flower from January to May and in fruit in June and July.

Conservation Status:—Chamaecrista obolaria has an EOO estimated at 299.5 km2, and is uncommon. It is

assessed as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii) following IUCN Red List categories, even though

it occurs in protected areas that are difficult to access and inappropriate for agriculture.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is readily diagnosed by its

shrubby habit, its stems unbranched or only slightly so, its stipules over 6 mm long, its leaves dense along the stem,

with leaflets relatively broad (1–2.5 cm wide) and divaricate, having their tertiary veins prominent and reticulate, and

its ovaries and pods with golden hispid-setose trichomes.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, estrada de Cavalcante em direção a Colinas do Sul a aproximadamente 3 km

do Sítio Gaivota e cerca de 9 km da Cavalcante, 13º51’12.6”S, 47º29’31”W, 848m, 29 January 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza

864 (UFG); Teresina de Goiás Chapada dos Veadeiros, 5 km antes de Teresina de Goiás, 25 May 2014, est., M.J. Silva

et al. 5889 (UFG).

44. Chamaecrista obtecta (Bentham 1870: 136) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 651). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Setosae) (Figs. 13E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista obtecta is distributed throughout the states of Goiás

and Minas Gerais, and also in the Federal District; it has a preference for cerrados ralos and campos sujos. In the CV,

it has been collected only in the municipality of São João d’Aliança (Fig. 20A). The species flowers and fruits from

October to January.

Conservation Status:—Chamaecrista obtecta has an EOO estimated to be 10,255 km2 and although it occurs

in two Brazilian states, its area of occurrence is relatively small, itoccurs in no protected areas and is under threat of

agricultural development. It is assessed as being Vulnerable (VU, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, iv) following IUCN

Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—One of the most distinct species in the CV

and easily recognized by its sessile leaves with two pairs of coriaceous, discolorous leaflets (the proximal pair being

reduced and much smaller than the distal pair), its branches and inflorescences densely viscous, and the inflorescences

thyrsoid with clusters of axillary racemes.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, proximidades da

Vila São Jorge em Cerrado rupestre, 19 October 1990, (fl., fr.), G.G. Hatschbach et al. 54750 (MBM, NY); São João

da Aliança, 21 km N de São Gabriel de Goiás, 1000 m, 14 December 1980, (fl.), G. Martinelli et al. 7480 (F).

45. Chamaecrista ochrosperma (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 73) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 651). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Setosae).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista ochrosperma is endemic to the CV region and known

only from the municipalities of Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 20B), where it grows in cerrado ralos or

campos sujos on rocky soils. Flowering is from February to March and fruiting from March to July.

Conservation Status:—A rare species with an EOO estimated at 46.1 km2 and not known within any protected

areas. The species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR, (criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, iii, v) following IUCN Red

List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is similar to Ch. setosa in having

leaves with two pairs of coriaceous leaflets of similar shape and colour, and its branches with setose trichomes. It

differs, however, by its sub-shrubby, caespitose habit (up to 70 cm tall), its glabrous, glossy leaflets (both surfaces)

and its simple racemes. In contrast Ch. setosa usually has large panicles (up to 1 m long), non-glossy leaflets, with an

indumentum on at least abaxial surface, and a non-caespitose habit (usually over 1 m tall).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, em direção a Colinas do Sul, Parque Nacional do Tocantins,

estrada Veadeiros-Colinas, ca. 4 km da sede do Parque, 24 September 1967, (fl.), De Hass Sr., J.H. de Hass & R.P.

Belém 255 (HB, NY); Cavalcante, 8 km ao Sul, 7 March 1969, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin et al. 23972 (M); ib., Reserva

Natural Serra do Tombador, 9 May 2014, (fl.), Rossi et al. 659 (CEN, HRCB) ib., 18 km entre sede da RPPN Serra

do Tombador e Cavalcante, 7 km N no acesso para a reserva Córrego Branco, 13º35’06’’S, 47º31’53’’W, 326m, 01

February 2015, (fl.), J.B.A.B. Junior et al. 2553 (CEN); Teresina de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, estrada para

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Cavalcante ca. 1 km W de Teresinha de Goiás, 13º44’S, 47º15’W, 700 m alt., 08 February 1987, (fl.), J.R. Pirani et al.

1812 (K, NY).

46. Chamaecrista oligandra Silva & Souza In Silva et al. (2019: 329) (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser. Flexuosae) (Figs.

13G and H).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista oligandra is endemic to the CV area and has been

recorded in the municipalities of Cavalcante and São João da Aliança (Fig. 20B), growing in cerrados típicos, cerrados

ralos or cerrado rupestres on sandy or clay soils between approximately 1200 and 1300 meters of elevation. Flowering

and fruiting is from January to April.

Conservation Status:—The species EOO is estimated to be 348.5 km2, and although occurring in the CVNP it is

assessed as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, ii, v) following IUCN (2016) Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species resembles C. flexuosa var.

flexuosa as discussed in the notes under that taxon. It is diagnosed by the following suite of characters: flexuous

branches, leaves with an extrafloral nectary only on the petiole, flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles, and with the

main diagnostic character of an androecium composed of 7 to 9 stamens.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, km 204

of the road GO-118 on the left side of the road of Alto Paraíso de Goiás towards Teresina de Goiás, in cerrado típico,

13º54’16’’ S, 47º22’12.9’’ W, 1299 m, 21 February 2014, fr., M.J. Silva 5875 (UFG); ib., in cerrado on sandy soil,

13º54’16.5’’ S, 47º22’12.9’’ W, 1299 m a. s. l., 27 January 2017, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 8130 (UFG); São João da

Aliança, Serra Geral do Vale do Paranã, 14º52’34’’ S, 47º47’24’’ W, 10 September 1947, fr., J.E. Oliveira s.n. (BHCB

41614).

47. Chamaecrista orbiculata var. orbiculata (Bentham 1870: 79) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect. Absus

subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae) (Figs. 14A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The taxon occurs in Bahia, Tocantins, the Federal District, Goiás,

Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, in cerrado rupestres, cerrados típicos, cerrados ralos, on rocky

outcrops of sandstone or limestone, between 700 and 1300 meters elevation. In the CV it has been collected in the

municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Campo Alegre de Goiás, Cavalcante, São João D’Aliança, and Teresina de

Goiás (Fig. 20B). Flowering and fruiting are from March and July.

Conservation Status:—Because it has a wide distribution (with an EOO of 598,430 km2), and occurs in

populations of more than 100 individuals the taxon is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red

List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamacerista orbiculata var. orbiculata is

a polymorphic taxon with a habit ranging from sub-shrubby to arboreal (up to 3 m tall), its stems are greyish with

conspicuously fissured bark, leaves have 2 or 3(4) pairs of orbicular to suborbicular, coriaceous, divaricate, ample

(3.0–7.1 × 2.3–7.1 cm) leaflets, and its inflorescences are large panicles (up to 45 cm long), its flowers are up to 7

cm long. Of the taxa of Chamaecrista, occurring in the CV, Ch. crenulata and Ch. claussenii var. claussenii are the

only ones that can be confused with Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata due to their similar habit and by the similar shape,

texture and consistency of their leaflets. However, Ch. claussenii var. claussenii is readily differentiated by its smooth,

purplish or yellowish, waxy and never fissured or rugose stems (Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata and Ch. crenulata have

stems with fissured and rugose bark). Chamaecrista crenulata has non- divaricate leaflets with glands on their margins

and the margin not thickened and differentiated from the leaflet blade (as seen in Ch. orbiculata var. orbiculata).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, aproximadamente 2 km do Rio preto, 21 June 2013, (fl.)and fr.,

A.O. Souza et al. 433 (UFG); ib., arredores do alojamento Lobo Guará, 18 August 2016, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al.

1806 (UFG); Campo Alegre de Goiás, BR-050, 5–8 km S trevo para Ipameri, 11 June 1993, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach et

al. 59275 (MBM, UPCB); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 6 km a partir da Fazenda Papuã em direção a RPPN

Serra do Tombador, 13°36’09’’S, 47°38’44’’W, 1077 m, 03 July 2015, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 6844 (UFG); Teresina

de Goiás, Fazenda Hotel Ecológico Alpes Goianos, Rod. GO-118, km, 202, 13°53’59.1’’S, 47°23’48.9’’W, 31 July

2000, (fl.), V.C. Souza et al. 24732 (ESA).

48. Chamaecrista pachyclada (Harms 1924: 126) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Paniculatae) (Fig. 14C–E).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian species recorded from the state of Goiás and the Federal

District. In the CV it grows in campos sujos, campos limpos, cerrados rupestres, and cerrados típicos in the municipality

of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 20C), in clayey or stony soils, between 882 and 1200 meters elevation. Flowering and

fruiting are from March to August.

Conservation Status:—Chamaecrista pachyclada has an EOO of 9,441 km2 and is assessed as being Vulnerable

(VU, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories, even though the species is common in the

CVNP and thus protected.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamacerista pachyclada resembles Ch.

lundii. It is characterized by its predominantly shrubby, caespitose habit, its leaves with 4–6 pairs of divaricate, orbicular

or oblong-elliptic leaflets, and by glutinous punctae on the margin of buds, the inflorescence axes and fruits.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Região da Chapada dos Veadeiros, 5 km a oeste de Veadeiros,

14°30’S, 47°30’W, 887 m, 29 April 1956, (fl.), E.Y. Dawson 14721 (NY). ib., Parque Nacional da Chapada dos

Veadeiros, Campo ca. 12 km Sul de Alto Paraíso, 1000 m, 22 March 1969, H.S. Irwin et al. 24902 (NY); ib., Parque

Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, 14°09’39.1”S, 47°47’30.2”W, 10 May 2013, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva 4872 (UFG); ib.,

19 March 2016. (fl.), T.P. Mendes & J.A. Oliveira 12 (UFG).

49. Chamaecrista paniculata (Bentham 1870: 153) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 650). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Pinifoliae) (Figs. 14F–I).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian species occuring in the Midwest (GO, MT, DF), Southeast

(MG) and Northeast (BA, PI) regions where it grows in cerrados típicos or cerrados rupestres generally associated

with rocky outcrops. In the CV it has been collected in cerrado rupestre between rocks or near water courses, in the

municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 20C), on clay soils or in rock crevices. Flowering

and fruiting are from May to October.

Conservation Status:—The species has an estimated EOO of 616,445 km2 and grows in areas of rugged relief,

including in some protected areas (e.g., the CVNP). It is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red

List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista paniculata is easily recognized

by its shrubby habit (up to 2.5 m tall), its stems and leaflet abaxial surface with stellate trichomes, its leaf rachis

winged, leaflets oblanceolate with a revolute margin, floral buds ovoid and long acuminate at their apex, and sepals

larger than the petals.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, rocky slope, ca. 12 km NW of Veadeiros, road to Cavalcante, 21

October 1965, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 9384 (MO); ib., Estrada para Terezina de Goiás (GO-118), ib., à direita da estrada à 16

km da entrada Norte (em frente à estátua), 24 May 1994, (fl., fr.), B.M.T. Walter 2117 (CEN); Cavalcante, estrada para a

comunidade Kalunga próximo ao engenho 2, em campo sujo, 05 April 2013, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 262 (UFG); Teresina

de Goiás, Fazenda Rio das Almas, km 55 da estrada Alto Paraiso/Teresina de Goiás, 20 June 1965, (fl.), B.A.S. Pereira

2780 (NY).

50. Chamaecrista planaltoana (Harms 1924: 127) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Rigidulae) (Fig. 15A).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista planaltoana occurs in the Federal District and in the

states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, inhabiting cerrados típicos and campos sujos or in the transition

between these, on clay soils, between 800 and 1200 meters elevation. In the CV the species is recorded only from the

municipality of São João d’Aliança (Fig. 20D). Flowering and fruiting are from August to March, with flowering most

intense from December to February.

Conservation Status:—The species is widely distributed, with an EOO of 103,394 km2. It is assessed as being of

Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is readily recognized by the

combination of its ascending leaves with divaricate, obovate leaflets with a crenulate, ciliate margin, a terminal

inflorescence preceded by solitary, axillary flowers, these with pedicels 2.5–4 cm long (pedicels in all other species in

the CV are 1.1–2.2 cm long), and glabrous sepals and oblong-elliptic or obovate fruits.

Specimen examined: São João d’Aliança, 23 May 1975, fr., G.G. Hatschbach 36732 (NY).

51. Chamaecrista polita (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 118) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 654). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus

ser. Rigidulae) (Fig. 15B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista polita occurs in the Federal District, and the states

DE SOUZA ET AL.

of Minas Gerais, Tocantins and Goiás, being more common in the latter. It grows mainly in the cerrados típicos on

clayey or rocky soils, between 900–1200 meters elevation. In the CV it is uncommon; it occurs in the surroundings

of the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 20D). Flowering is from May to November, but most intense from

June to August.

Conservation Status:—With an EOO of 255,528 km2 the species is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC)

following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista polita has divaricate leaflets

with an impressed, inconspicuous venation, and simple, terminal racemes. It resembles Ch. planaltoana by having

a sub-shrubby habit (up to 60 cm tall), and similar leaflets, but the latter has ascending leaves, its leaflets commonly

crenulate, glabrous sepals, and terminal racemes preceded by axillary, solitary flowers, and glabrous fruits. In Ch.

polita the leaves are held perpendicular, the leaflets are not crenulate, the sepals and fruits are viscous, and the racemes

are simple.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Após a Fazenda Bona Espero, após o Rio

Preto no morro ao norte, 13 July 2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 601 (UFG); ib., cerrado ao lado da entrada para cidade

de Alto Paraíso, 21 June 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 1059 (UFG); ib., após a primeira entrada do Pouso Alto, campo

sujo, 25 October 2014, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al. 4208 (UFG).

52. Chamaecrista polymorpha (Harms 1924: 129) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Microphyllae) (Figs. 15C and D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is endemic to the CV where its has been collected in the

municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 20D) growing in cerrados típicos, cerrados rupestres and campos sujos on

clayey or rocky soils. Flowering and fruiting are from March to May.

Conservation Status:—A rare species not known from any protected areas and with an EOO estimated at 724,859

km2. Chamaecrista polymorpha is assessed as Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, v) following IUCN Red

List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Among the species of Chamaecrista in the

CV, Ch. polymorpha is the only one to present heteromorphic leaves, the basal leaves having 1 to 3 pairs of elliptic

to suborbicular leaflets, the median and upper leaves with 5 to 10 pairs of elliptical leaflets.In addition, it has a weak

sub-shrubby habit (up to 1.6 m tall), leaflets with viscous punctae and short, few-flowered racemes.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, cerca de 20 km sul de Alto Paraíso, 1000 m, 20 March 1969,

H.S. Irwin et al. 24700 (NY); ib., campo na base de morros com afloramentos rochosos, sede do ICMBio, campo a

esquerda, em campo úmido, 14°10’0,5”S, 47°47’24,7”W, 1186 m, 12 July 2013, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al. 5103 (UFG);

ib., GO-118, aproximadamente 10 km sentido Alto Paraíso de Goiás, cerrado típico, em afloramentos rochosos, solo

areno-pedregoso, 14°14’9.4”S, 47°29’8.9”W, 23 March 2017, R.G. Matos et al. 8 (UFG); ib., estrada de acesso a sede

do ICMBio, lado direito, campo sujo, em afloramentos rochosos, solo arenoso-pedregoso, 25 May 2018, (fl., fr.),

R.G. Matos et al. 376 (UFG); ib., interior da CV, estrada de acesso ao alojamento do IBAMA, nas bordas, em cerrado

rupestre, 14°9’6”S, 48°4’42”W, 12 July 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 550 (UFG); ib., interior do parque, próximo a

Colinas do Sul, em encostas de morros, campo sujo, estrato graminoide, 27 May 2018, R.G. Matos et. al 395 (UFG).

53. Chamaecrista psoraleopsis (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 111) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 653). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Microphyllae) (Fig. 15E).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A rare and endemic species in the CV. It occurs only in the

municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 20E) growing in campos rupestres and on hillsides such as the Morro

do Buracão, between 900–1385 meters elevation. The species has not been recollected since its description in 1978.

Flowering and fruiting are from February to April.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO estimated at 75.3 km2 and, although it does grow in difficult

to access campos rupestres unsuitable for agriculture. The species is assessed as being Critically Endangered (CR,

criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, iii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is recognized by its weakly

branched stems, its leaves with 5 to 10 pairs of linear or linear-lanceolate leaflets, and its slightly winged leaf rachis,

and sessile racemes. It somewhat resembles Ch. Frondosa (see notes under that species).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos

Veadeiros, proximidades do topo do Morro da Baleia, 14°7’11.2”, 47°38’50.5’’W, 1385 m, 07 September 2013,

est., A.O. Souza et al. 681 (UFG); ib., Morro do Buracão, campo sujo, encosta de morro, afloramentos rochosos,

14°8’12.7”S, 47°40’7.3”W, 23 March 2017, fr. R.G. Matos et al. 10 (UFG); ib., na encosta e no pico do Morro do

Buracão, 25 January 2018, (fl., fr.), R.G. Matos et al. 264, 265, 266 (UFG).

54.1. Chamaecrista ramosa var. curvifolia (Vogel 1837: 55) Lewis (1987: 84). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx) (Fig. 15F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A taxon endemic to Brazil and distributed in all regions of the

country, except the South. Recorded from the following vegetation types: campinarana, campos rupestres (rocky

fields), cerrado típicos, cerrados ralos, cerrado densos, mata ciliar and gallery forest, and restinga. In the CV it has

been collected in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cavalcante and Teresina de Goiás (Fig. 20E) in cerrado

rupestre or cerrados típicos, usually close to water where it forms large populations (of more than 60 individuals).

Flowering and fruiting are mainly from January to May.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is widely distributed throughout Brazil and can form large populations. It is

assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista ramosa is very similar to Ch.

desvauxii and Ch. diphylla, which results in many misidentifications in herbarium collections, as already discussed

under those two taxa. Chamaecrista ramosa and Ch. desvauxii are polymorphic species, widely distributed throughout

Brazil. Chamaecrista ramosa comprises six varieties, two of them: Ch. ramosa var. curvifolia and C. ramosa var.

parvifoliola, known from the CV. Chamaecrista. ramosa var. curvifolia is differentiated from the other CV variety by

its caespitose habit, green or yellowish stems, falcate-elliptic leaflets with a curved midvein, and pedicels 2–10 mm

long (vs. habit not caespitose, stems usually purple, straight, linear-oblanceolate leaflets with the midvein straight, and

pedicels 11–17 mm long).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Rodovia GO-118 km, 156 em direção a Alto Paraíso, em cerrado

rupestre, 14°07’16.9”S, 47°45’29.1”W, 1157m, 22 June 2013, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 470 (UFG); Cavalcante, Rio Almas,

V/1975, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 36950 (INPA, NY); ib., Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador, 09 May 2014, (fl.), M.N.

Rissi 667 (CEN), ib., RPPN Serra do Tombador, 3.9 km a SW da sede da reserva, 13°40’48”S, 47°49’21”W, 794m, 25

July 2014, (fl.), M.F. Simon & L.M. Borges 2487 (CEN); Teresina de Goiás, Rod. GO-118, Rio das Almas, 17 October

1990, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 54696 (NY).

54.2. Chamaecrista ramosa var. parvifoliola (Irwin 1964: 68) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 886). (Ch. sect. Xerocalyx)

(Fig. 15G).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—A Brazilian taxon occurring in the North (PA), Northeast (BA, PE),

Midwest (DF, GO, MG), Southeastern (MG), and South (PR) regions, in campos de altitudes, campos rupestres (rocky

fields), cerrado sensu lato, and restinga. In the CV, the variety is only known from the municipality of Alto Paraíso

de Goiás (Fig. 20E) occurring in cerrado rupestre, sometimes near water. Flowers and fruits occur from January to

May.

Conservation Status:—The taxon has a wide geographic distribution and forms large populations (of more than

50 individuals). It is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—See notes under the previous variety.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 20 km N of Alto Paraíso, 19 March

1971, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 32225; ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 27 km by road N of Alto Paraíso, 09 March 1973, W.R.

Anderson 6699 (NY); Cavalcante, Fazenda Renascer - trilha para Ponte de Pedra, 03 February 2004, (fl.), J.F.B.

Pastore 792 (CEN).

55. Chamaecrista rigidifolia var. veadeirana (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 150) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 655). (Ch. sect.

Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae) (Fig. 16A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—This taxon, as its varietal epithet suggests, is endemic to the CV

and can be found in the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Fig. 20F) in cerrados ralos on latosols amongst rocky

outcrops, between 513–1280 meters elevation. Flowering and fruiting are from November to March.

Conservation Status:—Although occurring in the protected area of the CVNP, the taxon has an EOO estimated

at 238.1 km2 and is assessed as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, iii, v) following IUCN Red List

categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamacerista rigidifolia var. veadeirana

resembles Ch. claussenii var. claussenii by its shrubby habit, branches and inflorescence axes waxy, and leaves with

divaricate leaflets. However, Ch. rigidifolia var. veadeirana has leaves with 4–6 pairs of leaflets, inflorescences hidden

within the foliage and with several leaves taking on the function of bracts. In contrast, Ch. claussenii var. claussenii

DE SOUZA ET AL.

has leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, the inflorescences exserted above the foliage, and the leaves not functioning as

bracts.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros 2 km from Veadeiros (now Alto Paraíso),

18 July 1964, (fl., fr.), Prance & Silva 58208 (UB), ib., Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, rio Preto, 19 May

1990, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach et al. 54756 (MBM, NY); ib., Morro a direita da recepção da Reserva Ecológica dos

Cristais, 14°5’5.7’’S, 47°29’51’’W, 1280 m, 06 September 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1296 (UFG).

56. Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. grandiflora (Bentham 1870: 162) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 732). (Ch. sect.

Chamaecrista ser. Bauhininae) (Fig. 16C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—This widespread neotropical taxon occurs from Central America to

Paraguay. It is considered a common pioneer species throughout Brazil usually growing in disturbed environments,

including pastures, roadsides, and as an invasive of agricultural areas. It grows in several vegetacion types, including

caatinga, campos rupestres (rocky fields), cerrado sensu lato and restinga. In the CV it is encountered in all habitats as

a weed (Fig. 20F). Flowering and fruiting are throughout the year, with flowering more intense in the rainy season.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List

categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The variety is a common and easily recognized

taxon by the following character set: herbaceous prostrate or sub-shrubby decumbent habit, leaves distichous, lacking

nectaries and glandular trichomes, with two pairs of leaflets, single axillary flowers with 5 fertile stamens. It resembles

Ch. basifolia as already discussed under that species.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 10 km south of Alto Paraíso (formerly

Veadeiros), 20 March 1969, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin 24785 (NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 20 km by road N of Alto

Paraíso, 06 March 1973, (fl., fr.), W.R. Anderson 6498 (NY); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 30 km north of

Alto Paraíso de Goiás (formerly Veadeiros), 16 March 1969, (fl., fr.), H.S. Irwin 24502 (NY).

57. Chamaecrista scabra (Bentham 1870: 135) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 651). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser.

Setosae) (Fig. 16D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species is distributed in the Federal District, and in the highlands

of Goiás and Minas Gerais. It grows in cerrados típicos, cerrados ralos, campos sujos, campos rupestres (rocky

fields), and at the edges of mata ciliar, on sandy-clay, or clayey soils, between 700–1160 meters altitude. In the CV

it has been found only in the municipality of São João D’Aliança (Fig. 20F) in campos sujos and campos rupestres

(rocky fields). Flowering and fruiting are from January to October.

Conservation Status:—Chamaecrista scabra is a common species andhas an EOO of 38,837 km2. It is assessed

as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—Chamaecrista scabra has leaves with a pair of

spatulate, coriaceous, dorsiventrally differentiated leaflets with secondary and tertiary veins prominent at least on the

abaxial surface, its inflorescences are densely hispid-setose and viscous and its fruits have robust hispid trichomes.

Specimens examined:—São João da Aliança, 45 km of São João da Aliança, 1160m, 27 February 1982, fr., W.R.

Anderson 12469 (NY).

58. Chamaecrista setosa var. detonsa (Bentham 1870: 141) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 650). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Setosae) (Fig. 16E and F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista setosa is the most widely distributed species of all

65 occurring in the CV. It occurs in the Northern (TO), Midwest (DF, GO, MT) and Southeast regions (MG and SP)

of Brazil and inhabits cerrados rupestres, cerrados típicos, campos sujos, campos rupestres (rocky fields), the edges

of gallery forest (mata ciliar) and can grow on a variety of soils, between 260–1200 meters elevation. In the CV, it is

encountered in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 20G) in cerrado típicos or campos

sujos. Flowering is mainly in the dry season, between April and October.

Conservation Status:—The taxon is locally common, has the capacity to colonize a wide range of vegetation

types and has an EOO of 456,000 km2. It is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List

categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The taxon differs from all others in the CV by

the following set of characters: a shrubby or sub-shrubby, erect or decumbent habit, stems, branches, and inflorescence

axes setose-viscous and villosulose, leaves with 2 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, each with 8–20 (–22) pairs of prominent

secondary veins on the abaxial surface, the tertiary veins and quaternaries also prominent on the abaxial surface

(forming a honeycomb pattern), panicles usually pendant (up to 75 cm long), and fruits usually with setose-stellate

trichomes.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, ca. 20 km S of Alto Paraíso on highway GO-12, 1100 m, 19

February 1975, fr., W.R. Anderson 11468 (F); ib., Fazenda Oréades-Sítio Arqueológico Pedra Escrita, 01 July 2011,

(fl., fr.), J.R.B. Vidal et al. 142 (HEPH).

59. Chamaecrista sparsifolia Souza & Silva (2015c: 254). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig.

16G).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista sparsifolia is one of the species described as new

during this study. It is endemic to the CV area and recorded from the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and

Colinas do Sul (Fig. 20G) within the limits of the CVNP. It grows in cerrados ralos, campos sujos, cerrados rupestres,

and along roadsides on clayey-sandy or rocky soils. Flowering and fruiting are from June to October.

Conservation Status:—The species occurs within the CVNP but has an EOO calculated at 41.52 km2. It is assessed

as being Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriterion bi, ii, iii) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is diagnosed by its weak shrubby

habit (1.5–2.5 m tall), sparse leaves with a long petiole (1.8–4 cm long), 16–35 pairs of divaricate leaflets, panicles

with reduced leaves on secondary axes assuming the function of bracts and fruits large (4.5–6.5 cm long). It resembles

Ch. gymnothyrsa and Ch. elata that have their leaflets chartaceous, divaricate, and under 3 cm long, and inflorescences

long paniclesbut Ch. sparsifolia differs from these two by the suite of characters mentioned above.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, entre São Jorge e Rio

Preto, 19 October 1990, (fl.), G.G. Hatschbach 54778 (NY); ib., em campo sujo úmido, 21 October 2011, fr., M.J. Silva

et al. 3815 (UFG); ib., em campo sujo, 19 April 2012, (fl.), M.M. Dantas 233 (UFG); ib., GO239, entre Colinas do Sul

e o Povoado de São Jorge, 14º11’58.1’’S, 47º51’12.7”W, 954m, 21 June 2014, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 5985 (UFG);

ib., GO-239, entre Colinas do Sul e o Povoado de São Jorge, 14º11’58.1’’S, 47º51’12.7”W, 954m, 21 June 2014, (fl.

fr.), A.O. Souza 1045 (UFG); ib., aproximadamente 2 km da entrada para os alojamentos do CVNP em direção a Vila

São Jorge, 06 September 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1315 (UFG); ib., campo sujo na subida para os alojamentos do

CVNP, 31 October 2014, fr., A.O. Souza et al. 1480 (UFG).

60. Chamaecrista spinulosa (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 222) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 659). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Spinulosae) (Figs. 17A and B).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista spinulosa is one of the nineteen endemic Chamaecrista

taxa occurring in the CV and can be found in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 20G).

It grows at the edges of gallery forests or in veredas near to campos limpos or campos sujos, on clayey or stony soils.

Flowering and fruiting are from February to April.

Conservation Status:—The species is rare and has an EOO estimated at 95.32 km2. It is assessed as being

Critically Endangered (CR, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is easily differentiated by its

shrubby habit (up to 3 m tall), leaves ascending along the branches and always with 1 pair of obovate, conspicuosly

mucronate at apex leaflets, terminal, congested and densely viscous inflorescences, and sepals conspicuosly reddish

externally.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 15 km W. of Alto Paraíso de Goiás

(formerly Veadeiros), 12 February 1966, (fl.), H.S. Irwin 12690 (NY); ib., Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 30 km N of Alto

do Paraíso, 23 March 1971, H.S. Irwin 33035 (NY); Cavalcante, GO-118, 10 km após o cruzeiro entrada para o Pouso

Alto, 23 March 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 2258 (UFG).

61. Chamaecrista supplex (Bentham 1870: 163) Britton & Killip (1936: 185). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser. Prostratae)

(Fig. 17C).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species occurs in the North (PA, TO), Northeast (BA, CE, MA,

PB, PE, PI, RN), Midwest (DF, GO, MT), and Southeast (RJ) regions of Brazil in the cerrado and caatinga biomes,

generally in disturbed areas (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the CV it is found only in the municipalities

of Campos Belos and Monte Alegre de Goiás (Fig. 20H) on rocky soils at the edges of cerrados típicos. It flowers and

fruits from January to June.

DE SOUZA ET AL.

Conservation Status:—Due to its wide distribution throughout Brazil, the species is assessed as being of Least

Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species is recognized by its herbaceous to

sub-shrubby, prostrate habit, branches pubescent or villose with whitish trichomes, leaves with nectaries on the petiole

and 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets, and its fruits 3-seeded. See notes under Ch. kunthiana for morphological comparison.

Specimens examined:—Campos Belos, Estrada de chão para Pouso Alto, Solo arenoso, relevo plano, 23 April

2001, (fl., fr.), M.L. Fonseca 2554 (EAC, NY); Monte Alegre de Goiás, GO-118 entre Teresina de Goiás e Monte

Alegre de Goiás, borda da estrada, 13º21’52.2”S, 47º3’39.9”W, 417m, 20 June 2017, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 2099

(UFG).

62. Chamaecrista tenuicaulis Souza & Silva (2015b: 166). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae) (Fig.

17D).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista tenuicaulis is one of the new species described during

this study (Souza & Silva 2015b), and is endemic to the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante

(Fig. 20H). The species is frequent in campos limpos, campos rupestres (rocky fields), cerrados típicos and cerrados

rupestres, growing amongst grasses on clayey or rocky soils or in rock crevices, between 810–1385 meters elevation.

Flowering and fruiting are from June to September, with peak flowering between July and August.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 142.43 km2 and populations are small (less than 30 individuals).

It is assessed as Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria bi, iii, v) following IUCN Red List categories, although it

grows in protected areas, including the CVNP.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The main distinguishing characters of

Chamaecrista tenuicaulis are its delicate branchesits caespitose, decumbent habit, and its divaricate leaflets with

inconspicuous. The species superficially resembles Ch. altoana. But that species differs by its corymbiform, congested

racemes with a series of stipules at the base (vs. racemes typical and lacking a series of stipules at the base in Ch.

tenuicaulis), its glabrous calyx (vs. setulose-viscous and puberulent in Ch. tenuicaulis).

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, proximidades da sede

do IBAMA no CVNP em direção a vila São Jorge, 14º09’37.3”S, 47º46’29.7”W, 810 m, 21 June 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O.

Souza et al. 413 (UFG); Cavalcante, CVNP, Fazenda Bona Espero, após o rio Preto em direção ao morro ao norte da

fazenda Bona Espero, 14º02’57.3”S, 47º39’34.7”W, 1175 m, 13 July 2013, (fl., fr.), A.O. Souza et al. 586 (UFG).

63. Chamaecrista trichopoda (Bentham 1870: 163) Britton & Killip (1936: 185). (Ch. sect. Chamaecrista ser.

Prostratae) (Fig. 17E).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—The species occurs in the North (PA, TO), Northeast (BA, CE,

MA, PB, PE, PI, RN), and Southeast (MG, RJ, SP) regions of Brazil in disturbed areas in several biomes (including

Caatinga, Cerrado, and Amazônia) (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). In the CV the species occurs in almost

all municipalities (Fig. 20H), preferentially at the margins of vegetation, close to human-disturbed degraded areas.

Flowering and fruiting are from January to April.

Conservation Status:—Due to its wide area of occurrence with EEO over than 50,000 km2 and local frequency

the species is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The species diagnostic characteristics include

stipitate extrafloral nectaries, solitary, axillary flowers with a pedicel over 7 mm long, and leaves with 11–20 pairs of

leaflets. It can be confused with Ch. nictitans and Ch. glandulosa because of its similar habit and leaves. However,

these two taxa have flowers in supra-axillary fascicles, pedicels under 5 mm long, and a sessile foliage nectary.

Specimens examined:—Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 30 km north of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (formerly

Veadeiros), 16 March 1969, H.S. Irwin 24479 (NY); Colinas do Sul, GO-132 entre Minaçu e Colinas do Sul, borda

de estrada, 13º50’7.2”S, 48º08’58”W, 672m, 16 February 2018, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 2241 (UFG); Monte Alegre de

Goiás, Fazenda Ponta da Serra, propriedade do Sr. Rômulo Soares Veloso, 11 April 2000, (fl.), R.C. Mendonça 4141

(CEN).

64. Chamaecrista venatoria (Irwin & Barneby 1978: 37) Irwin & Barneby (1982: 671). (Ch. sect. Absus subsect.

Absus ser. Trachycarpae) (Fig. 17F).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—Chamaecrista venatoria is one of the endemic species in the CV

area. It is found in the municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 20I) in cerrado típicos on clay soils

or rocky outcrops (Irwin & Barneby 1982). Flowering is from June to August.

Conservation Status:—The species has an EOO of 105.15 km2 and occurs in areas subject to human disturbance.

It is assessed as being Endangered (EN, criterion B1, subcriteria b i, ii) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—This species is distinct by the following suite

of characters: decumbent habit with creeping branches, leaves sessile or short-petiolate with 3 to 5 pairs of discolorous

leaflets with arevolute margins, and racemes viscous and suberect.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, rodovia GO-118, km 156 em direção a Alto Paraíso, 20 June

2013, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 397 (UFG); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 15–40 km W and N of Alto Paraíso, 20

February 1975, (fl., fr.), W.R. Anderson 11486 (NY); São João D’Aliança, cerrado nas proximidades o Atos Hotel, na

saída da cidade, 04 September 2014, (fl.), A.O. Souza et al. 1259 (UFG); Teresina de Goiás, Rodovia GO-118 Terezina

de Goiás - Alto Paraíso km 16, 10 July 1993, (fl., fr.), G. Pereira-Silva 1431 (CEN).

65. Chamaecrista sp. (Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Microphyllae) (Fig. 17G).

Distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting:—This taxon occurs only in the CVNP in the munipalities of Alto

Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante (Fig. 18B), where its grows in campos sujos, and cerrados rupestres sometimes near

gallery forest, sometimes on rocky outcrops. Flowering and fruiting from April to October.

Conservation Status:—Although the species occurs in protected areas, it is infrequent and only exists in isolated

populations of few individuals. It has an EOO of 8,815 km2 and is assessed as Endangered (VU, criterion B1, subcriteria

bi, ii, v) following IUCN Red List categories.

Taxonomic relationships and morphological characterization:—The unconfirmed species are under publication

as new species. This species has leaves with 6 to 15 pairs of oblong leaflets, the plants have a decumbent or creeping

habit, the stems are glabrous and the racemes suberect. For comments on taxa that the species resembles see under Ch.

isidorea and Ch. neesiana var. neesiana.

Specimens examined:—Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, a 1.2 km do Morro

do Buracão, 14°07’57”S, 47°30’35”W, 1186 m, 10 May 2013, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al. 4885 (UFG); ib., a 1.2 km a

partir da torre que leva à cachoeira das Sete Quedas, 14°06’33.4”S, 47°44’55.2”W, 1157 m, 02 August 2013, (fl., fr.),

M.J. Silva et al. 5197 (UFG); ib., ao longo da trilha para cachoeiras cerca de 1.5 km antes de chegar no Salto 120,

14°09’50.6”S, 47°50’7”W, 891 m, 26 May 2017, (f l.) , R.G. Matos et al. 90 (UFG); ib., início da trilha próxima

da torre, 14°06’58.8”S, 47°44’47”W, 1165 m, 02 August 2013, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 5183 (UFG); ib., em solo

arenoso, cerrado rupestre, vegetação densa, 14°09’56.4”S, 47°50’28.3”W, 865 m, 26 May 2017, (fl.), R.G. Matos et al.

99 (UFG); ib., campo do lado esquerdo próximo a placa indicativa para Pouso Alto, 1186 m, 06 April 2013, (fl.), M.J.

Silva et al. 4843 (UFG); ib., imediações do Rio Preto, Cannion 1, 29 September 2012, (fl., fr.), M.J. Silva et al. 4440

(UFG); Cavalcante, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, a 925 m a partir do rio Preto na área da cachoeira das

Sete Quedas, ao lado de Cavalcante, 14°05’40.9”S, 47°45’5.8”W, 1062 m, 02 August 2013, (fl.), M.J. Silva et al. 5225

(UFG); ib., 700 m acima do Rio Preto na área da cachoeira das Sete Quedas, do lado de Cavalcante, 14°05’37.1”S,

47°44’56.9”W, 1065 m, 02 August 2013, fr., M.J. Silva et al. 5214 (UFG).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade/Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente

e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (SISBIO/IBAMA) for permission to carry out field work in the Chapada dos

Veadeiros National Park, to Cordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the scholarship

grant to the first author and to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the

productivity grant (process no. 302648/2016-0) supplied to Marcos José da Silva.

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DE SOUZA ET AL.

List of all Specimens examined:

Specimens examined are arranged in alphabetical order by first collector’s last name and initials, followed by collection

number. The corresponding species number is given in parentheses after each collection number. Herbarium acronyms

and barcode numbers are provided when collector number is missing. s.n. = without collection number.

Anderson, W.R. et al. 6203 (19.2), 6498 (57), 6533 (40), 6664 (19.1), 6699 (55.2), 6700 (19.3), 6832 (21), 6840 (24),

6915 (3), 7185 (16), 7776 (1), 11280 (5), 11359 (40), 11468 (59), 11486 (65), 12469 (58), 36783 (9);

Arbo, M.M. 3678 (21);

Árbocz, G.F. et al. 3343 (17);

Assis, M.C. 407 (3);

Borges, L.M. 1042 (42);

Braga, J.M.A. 7205 (28);

Cardoso, A. 2486 (33);

Cavalcanti, T.B. et al. 1331 (19.1), 1788 (8), 3443 (59);

Chagas, F. & Silva 298 (1);

Chaves, E. & Proença, C.E.B. 250 (43);

Coradin, L. 4229 (49);

Cordeiro, I 940 (10);

Dantas, M.M. et al. 166 (30), 233 (60), 272 (30), 305 (30), 365 (7), 366 (7), 367 (7), 368 (7), 369 (18), 371 (18), 389

(4);

Dawson, E.Y. 14161 (13.2) 14721 (49);

Duarte, A.P. 10766 (1);

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A new infrageneric classification of the pantropical genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) based on a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology

Article

Full-text available

May 2021

Chamaecrista with > 330 species, six sections, three subsections and 39 series has had a long and complex taxonomic history. The genus is monophyletic, but most of its traditional infrageneric categories are not. To test the monophyly of sections, subsections and series of Chamaecrista, we used two molecular phylogenetic approaches. The first (Broad) based on two DNA regions (ITS and trnL-F) includes a comprehensive sampling of Chamaecrista spp. and infrageneric taxa. The second (Multilocus) is based on four molecular regions (ITS, ETS, trnL-F and trnE-T) for a smaller but representative sampling. We performed ancestral character reconstructions to identify morphological characters that could serve as synapomorphies for major clades. Both molecular approaches support Chamaecrista and sections Apoucouita, Grimaldia and Xerocalyx as monophyletic, but sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Absus and most of the series are not monophyletic. The four main clades recovered are all characterized by a combination of morphological characters: a clade of tree species with cauliflorous inflorescences (including species of section Apoucouita); a mostly Brazilian campo rupestre clade (including all species of subsections Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum and Otophyllum); a clade of mostly herbaceous/shrubby species with solitary flowers or fascicles (including sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx and extra-American species) and a clade (with three main subclades) of species with viscous indumentum (including section Grimaldia and section Absus subsection Absus). We propose a new infrageneric classification for Chamaecrista supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphology, recognizing the four main clades as sections Apoucouita, Baseophyllum, Chamaecrista and Absus, the last with three subsections (Absus, Viscosa and Zygophyllum), but we do not recognize any previously circumscribed series. Our taxonomic treatment includes descriptions of and a key to the newly defined infrageneric taxa and an updated species list for the genus under the new classification.

Anti-inflammatory effects of two new stilbene-phenylpropanoid derivatives from Chamaecrista pumila

Article

Oct 2022
PHYTOCHEM LETT

Two new stilbeno-phenylpropanoid compounds, given the trivial names chamaecristanols A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble partitions of separate methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Chamaecrista pumila (Lam.) K. Larsen. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of interpretation of their spectroscopic data and comparison with reported literature data. Their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. Results showed that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 41.69 ± 1.34 and 32.14 ± 0.15 µM, respectively.

A new species for the legume genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) supported by molecular, morphological, and anatomical data

Article

Full-text available

May 2019

Chamaecrista oligandra from the Brazilian Cerrado, the most diverse savannah and one of 34 hot spots of the world, is herein described, illustrated, and compared with C. flexuosa var. flexuosa and C. parvistipula, its morphologically similar congeners. The flowering and fruiting, environmental preferences, distribution map, images, and preliminary conservation status of the new species are provided. Additionally, leaf anatomy and scanning electron microscopy of the leaf petiolar nectaries of the new species and the two putative closest relatives were compared. A phylogeny based on the noncoding plastidial (trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer indicated the proper placement of C. oligandra sp. nov. in Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Flexuosae, which is a taxonomic group that includes sub-shrubby species with underground systems conspicuously developed, leaflets with palmate-dimidiate venation, and flowers in an axillary fascicle. A key to identify species of the C. ser. Flexuosae series is provided to facilitate recognition of species that are distributed in open areas of the Brazilian Cerrado and frequently misidentified in collections.

A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2017

The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near-complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well-supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community-endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or cladebased classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.

Composição florística do município de Alto Paraíso de Goiás na Chapada dos Veadeiros

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1998

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2015

An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country’s biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazils unique and diverse flora.

The Machris Brazilian Expedition. Botany: Gramineae

Article

Apr 1958

Jason R. Swallen

Monographic Studies in Cassia (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). I. Section Xerocalyx.

Article

Mar 1965

Chamaecrista elata (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), a new species from the highlands of Goiás, Brazil

Article

Jan 2018

During the course of a taxonomic study of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Rigidulae, a new species of Chamaecrista was discovered growing in disturbed areas of Cerrado sensu stricto in the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás. Chamaecrista elata is herein described and illustrated. Morphological comparison with related species and information on geographical distribution, environmental preferences, conservation status, and phenology are provided.

Chamaecrista belladonna (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Cassieae), a new threatened endemic species from Goiás, Brazil

Article

Jun 2017

Chamaecrista belladonna is described and illustrated. It is assigned to Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus series Microphyllae. The species grows on mixed sand-clay soils near rock outcrops in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the Brazilian state of Goiás. Since it is found in an area 0.4 km², surrounded by agricultural land and under intense anthropogenic pressure, it is here considered Critically Endangered. The novel species can be distinguished from all other species of the series by having pseudo-terminal inflorescences (borne in the axil of the distal-most leaf at the ends of branches and appearing opposite the leaf) with flexuous axis and leaflets with mixed acrodromous-brochidodromous venation. Discussion is provided about the distribution, phenology, and conservation status of the new species, as well as its morphological relationships with the similar species C. dumalis and C. imbricans. Images and descriptions of the leaf anatomy of the new species are also given.

A new species of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil

Article

Jul 2014

Chamaecrista frondosa from Brazil is described, illustrated, and discussed herein. This species is morphologically similar to C. psoraleopsis in its general leaflet shape and belongs to Chamaecrista sect. Absus series Microphyllae due to its caespitose, subshrubby habit, young branches, inflorescence axis, and pedicel with glandular trichomes, leaflets resin-dotted, ascending in the rachis and partly facing each other, as well as flowers with 10 fertile stamens. The species appears to be restricted to Cerrado sensu stricto and rocky fields in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, an area with notable endemism. A key to the species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus series Microphyllae occurring in the region is provided.

The genus Chamaecrista Moench (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) in Rio Grande do sul

Article

Jan 2004

The present study represents a contribution for the genus Chamaecrista Moench in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Descriptions, illustrations, analitical keys, data about fenology and habitat are provided for the following taxa confirmed in the State: C. flexuosa (L.) Greene var. flexuosa, C. nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. patellaria (Collad.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby var. ramosa (Vogel) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, C. nictitans (L.) Moench subsp. disadena (Steudel) H. S. Irwin & Barneby var. pilosa (Benth.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, C. repens (Vogel) H. S. Irwin & Barneby var. repens and C. rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene var. rotundifolia.

Taxonomic Synopsis of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil

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