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New insights into Stilbocrea (Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) recognition of S. colubrensis, a new species from Martinique
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New insights into Stilbocrea (Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae): recognition of S. colubrensis, a new species from Martinique (French West Indies), and observations on lifestyle and syn-nematous asexual morphs of S. gracilipes and S. macrostoma Christian LECHAT Jacques FOURNIER Ascomycete.org, 11 (6) : 183-190 Mise en ligne le 24/12/2019 Abstract: Stilbocrea colubrensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a collection on Bambusa vulgaris in Martinique. the placement of this species in Stilbocrea is supported by morphological characters and analysis of Its and Lsu sequences. this species differs from known species of Stilbocrea in having ascomata immersed in a prosenchymatous stroma composed of verrucose hyphae. In addition, morphological characteristics of synnemata of S. gracilipes and S. macrostoma are illustrated and discussed and S. macros-toma is shown to have only one type of synnemata. Résumé : Stilbocrea colubrensis sp. nov. est décrite et illustrée d'après une récolte sur Bambusa vulgaris en Martinique. son placement dans le genre Stilbocrea s'appuie les caractères morphologiques et l'analyse des séquences Its et Lsu. Cette espèce diffère des espèces de Stilbocrea connues par des ascomes immergés dans un stroma prosenchymateux composé d'hyphes verruqueuses. Par ailleurs, les caractères morpholo-giques des synnemata de S. gracilipes et S. macrostoma sont illustrés et commentés et il est montré que S. macrostoma n'est associé qu'à un seul type de synnemata.
... ex J.C. Wendl.) Nakai [15] and S. walteri on Quercus ilex L. [16] and diverse Citrus species, including Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, C. aurantium L., and C. limon (L.) Osbeck [17]. ...
... Fungal structures were mounted in lactic acid, and 30 conidia and other fungal structures were measured. Temperature-growth relationships and average growth rates were tested on PDA and MEA (80 mm Petri dishes with 25 mL media) measured after 14 days of incubation under 12-h photoperiod with three replicate dishes per isolate and incubated at 5,10,15,20,25,30, and 35 • C [16]. Isolates with the same morphological and cultural characteristics were grouped and representative isolates were further analyzed. ...
... and S. walteri have some morphological characteristics in common, such as the lack of stilbella-like asexual structure and production of simple phialides in pure culture [16]. Conversely, other Stilbocrea species, e.g., S. colubrensis, and S. macrostoma produce synnemata in their asexual phase [15]. Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. ...
Stem cankers and twig dieback were the most serious disease of fig (Ficus carica) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) noticed in a survey of fruit tree orchards in the Fars Province, Iran. Isolates of Bionectriaceae were consistently recovered from symptomatic fig and loquat trees. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple nuclear loci, internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of rDNA, RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), combined with morphological observations, revealed that isolates could be referred to a still unknown taxon, which was formally described as Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. nov. Phylogenetically, isolates from fig and loquat trees clustered in a well-supported monophyletic group within the Stilbocrea clade of Bionectriaceae, closely related to S. walteri. Stilbocrea banihashemiana sp. nov. was characterized by the lack of stilbella-like asexual structure in both natural substrates and pure cultures and produced two morphologically distinct types of conidia, globose and cylindrical, formed on short and long simple phialides. In pathogenicity tests, S. banihashemiana sp. nov. induced stem cankers in both fig and loquat, wood discoloration in fig and twig dieback in loquat. Pathogenicity tests also showed that the potential host range of this novel pathogen includes other economically relevant horticultural trees.
Three fungal taxa were collected on dead branches of wood during fieldwork in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China. The new generic name Brunneosporopsis gen. nov. and species B. yunnanensis sp. nov. are introduced for a novel taxon characterized by globose to subglobose and dark olivacous-brown conidia. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined LSU, SSU and tef 1-α loci strongly support the monophyly of this taxon and place it in the subclass Diaporthomycetidae. It could not be assigned to any currently recognized families in the subclass and was, therefore, placed in the Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis. A second taxon represents a new species in Allocryptovalsa based on an analysis of the sequence datasets of ITS and btub loci of the novel, brown-spored sexual morphic species. This taxon is described here as A. xishuangbanica sp. nov. An interesting hypocrealean fungus producing synnemata, Stilbocrea gracilipes, was collected from dead wood of an unknown host from Sichuan Province and is reported here, with asexual morph from both the host and culture as well as LSU, ITS, tef 1-α, rpb2 and rpb1 sequence data.
The new species Stilbocrea walteri is described and illustrated from Quercus ilex collected in Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 sequence matrices place S. walteri in the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, within a clade of specimens morphologically identified as Stilbocrea macrostoma, the generic type of Stilbocrea. Stilbocrea walteri differs from S. macrostoma in dark olive green to blackish ascomata basally immersed in a stroma, KOH+ and LA+ ascomata and the lack of a stilbella-like asexual morph on natural substrate and pure culture. A simple phialidic asexual morph is formed in pure culture. To enable a morphological comparison, Stilbocrea macrostoma is illustrated.
We revisit statistical tests for branches of evolutionary trees reconstructed upon molecular data. A new, fast, approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) for branches is presented here as a competitive alternative to nonparametric bootstrap and Bayesian estimation of branch support. The aLRT is based on the idea of the conventional LRT, with the null hypothesis corresponding to the assumption that the inferred branch has length 0. We show that the LRT statistic is asymptotically distributed as a maximum of three random variables drawn from the chi(0)2 + chi(1)2 distribution. The new aLRT of interior branch uses this distribution for significance testing, but the test statistic is approximated in a slightly conservative but practical way as 2(l1- l2), i.e., double the difference between the maximum log-likelihood values corresponding to the best tree and the second best topological arrangement around the branch of interest. Such a test is fast because the log-likelihood value l2 is computed by optimizing only over the branch of interest and the four adjacent branches, whereas other parameters are fixed at their optimal values corresponding to the best ML tree. The performance of the new test was studied on simulated 4-, 12-, and 100-taxon data sets with sequences of different lengths. The aLRT is shown to be accurate, powerful, and robust to certain violations of model assumptions. The aLRT is implemented within the algorithm used by the recent fast maximum likelihood tree estimation program PHYML (Guindon and Gascuel, 2003).
Phylogenetic analyses are central to many research areas in biology and typically involve the identification of homologous sequences, their multiple alignment, the phylogenetic reconstruction and the graphical representation of the inferred tree. The Phylogeny.fr platform transparently chains programs to automatically perform these tasks. It is primarily designed for biologists with no experience in phylogeny, but can also meet the needs of specialists; the first ones will find up-to-date tools chained in a phylogeny pipeline to analyze their data in a simple and robust way, while the specialists will be able to easily build and run sophisticated analyses. Phylogeny.fr offers three main modes. The 'One Click' mode targets non-specialists and provides a ready-to-use pipeline chaining programs with recognized accuracy and speed: MUSCLE for multiple alignment, PhyML for tree building, and TreeDyn for tree rendering. All parameters are set up to suit most studies, and users only have to provide their input sequences to obtain a ready-to-print tree. The 'Advanced' mode uses the same pipeline but allows the parameters of each program to be customized by users. The 'A la Carte' mode offers more flexibility and sophistication, as users can build their own pipeline by selecting and setting up the required steps from a large choice of tools to suit their specific needs. Prior to phylogenetic analysis, users can also collect neighbors of a query sequence by running BLAST on general or specialized databases. A guide tree then helps to select neighbor sequences to be used as input for the phylogeny pipeline. Phylogeny.fr is available at: http://www.phylogeny.fr/
The two new Ascomycetes (Hypocreales), Valsonectria simpsonii and Hypocrea cinereoflava, are described. Valsonectria simpsonii produces immersed groups of perithecia with orange ostioles. Its anamorph is an undescribed species of Stilbella that has whitish, smooth synnemata with monoverticillate conidiophore branching. Endocreas is a later synonym of Valsonectria; the only known species of Endocreas, E. lasiacidis, is transferred to Valsonectria. The generic concept of Valsonectria is discussed and a key to its species is provided. Hypocrea cinereoflava produces effused, grayish yellow stromata with immersed, KOH-perithecia. Its anamorph is Stilbella flavipes, which produces white to greenish synnemata. A mycelial synanamorph is also produced, which has similarities to species of Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum.
Twenty-two fungi of the family Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota), collected from forests in Taiwan are reported, including Bionectria byssicola, B. compactiuscula, B. grammicospora, B. ochroleuca, B. parviphialis, B. pseudostriata, B. verrucispora, Hydropisphaera ciliata, H. cf. cyatheae, H. peziza, H. suffulta, H. cf. rufofusca, Ijuhya parilis, Ijuhya sp., Nectriella cf. luteola, Nectriopsis cupulata, N. lasiodermopsis, N. sibicola, Ochronectria cf. calami, Stephanonectria keithii, Stilbocrea gracilipes and S. macrostoma. Most of them were found on recently dead broad-leaf trees. All of these species are newly recorded in Taiwan. A dichotomous key to these species is given.
The Hypocreales with over one thousand described species have been the repository for all light- to bright-colored, soft-textured, perithecial ascomycetes with a Nectria-type centrum. Rogerson (1970) published a key to the genera in the Hypocreales and accepted over 115 genera with 26 generic synonyms in the order. Since then, 58 genera have been added. For this study all available type specimens of the type species of genera classified in the Hypocreales were examined. Fifty six genera, including six newly described genera with 43 generic synonyms, are accepted in three families, Bionectriaceae fam, nov., Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae, of the order. Although now considered either part of or closely related to the Hypocreales, neither the Niessliaceae nor the Clavicipitaceae are treated comprehensively in this study. Fourteen genera with two generic synonyms are included in the Niessliaceae and six genera with one generic synonym are placed in the Clavicipitaceae. The remaining 84 genera are excluded from the Hypocreales and redisposed in their appropriate family and order. Genera excluded from the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae are described and illustrated based on their type species. For 16 genera previously placed in the Hypocreales the type specimen was either not located or not sufficient to make a modern taxonomic evaluation of the type species. For each genus the type species and species not recently treated are fully described and documented. A key to species is presented unless a recent key to species in that genus is available. In the Bionectriaceae a new genus, Ochronectria, is introduced for Nectria calami. Nectriella minuta, N. rubricapitula, N. utahensis, Pronectria echinulata, P. pertusariicola, and Protocreopsis viridis are described as new species. The following new specific combinations are proposed: Dimerosporiella cephalosporii, D. gnarapiensis, D. leucorrhodina, D. oidioides, D. pipericola, and D. sensitiva; Hydropisphaera arenula, H. arenuloides, H. boothii, H. cyatheae, H. dolichospora, H. erubescens, H. gigantea, H. haematites, H. hypoxantha, H. leucotricha, H. macrarenula, H. multiloculata, H. multiseptata, H. nymaniana, H. pachyderma, and H. suffulta; Ijuhya peristomialis, I. chilensis, I. aquifolii, I. bambusina, I. corynespora, I. dentifera, I. dictyospora, I. leucocarpa, I. paraparilis, and I. parilis; Lasionectria sylvana and L. vulpina; Nectriella curtisii, N. dakotensis, and N. galii; Nectriopsis sasae and N. queletii; Ochronectria calami; Peethambara spirostriata and for its anamorph Didymostilbe echinofibrosa, Protocreopsis foliicola, P. freycinetiae, P. javanica, P. pertusa, P. pertusoides, and P. phormiicola; Stilbocrea gracilipes and S. impressa. Two new names, Nectriella crouanii for Nectria aurea P. & H. Crouan, and N. halonata for Charonectria umbelliferarum, are proposed. In the Nectriaceae five new genera are introduced: Albonectria for species related with Nectria rigidiuscula, Haematonectria for the Nectria haematococca complex, Lanatonectria for the Nectria flavolanata-group, Rubrinectria for a species previously known as Nectria olivacea, and Viridispora for teleomorphs of Penicillifer. Cosmospora dingleyae and C. obscura are described as new species. The following new specific combinations are proposed: Albonectria rigidiuscula, A. albosuccinea, and A. verrucosa; Corallomycetella repens and C. jatrophae; Cosmospora aurantiicola, C. biasolettiana, C. camelliae, C. chaetopsinae, C. chaetopsinae-catenulatae, C. chaetopsinae-penicillatae, C. chaetopsinae-polyblastiae, C. chlorina, C. consors, C. digitalicola, C. diminuta, C. diploa, C. episphaeria, C. flammea, C. flavoviridis, C. ganymede, C. geastroides, C. glabra, C. joca, C. jucundula, C. kurdica, C. lasiodiplodiae, C. leptosphaeriae, C. macrochaetopsinae, C. magnusiana, C. meliopsicola, C. metepisphaeria, C. nothepisphaeria, C. papilionacearum, C. peponum, C. pseudepisphaeria, C. pseudoflavoviridis, C. purtonii, C. rickii, C. rishbethii, C. rubrisetosa, C. sansevieriae, C. stilbellae, C. stilbosporae, C. thujana, C. triqua, C. tungurahuana, C. vilior, C. viliuscula, C. wegeliana, and C. xanthostroma; Haematonectria haematococca, H. illudens, H. ipomoeae, H. monilifera, and H. termitum; Lanatonectria flocculenta with anamorph Actinostilbe macalpinei, L. flavolanata, L. mammiformis with anamorph Actinostilbe mammiformis, and L. raripila; Neonectria coccinea and N. galligena; Rubrinectria olivacea; Viridispora penicilliferi, V. alata, V. diparietispora, and V. fragariae; Xenonectriella leptaleae, X. ornamentata, and X. streimannii. In the checklist, some genera are excluded from the families treated here and placed among 19 families in 12 orders of ascomycetes and one basidiomycetous genus. Two genera are uniloculate, discomycetous loculoascomycetes; some have true apothecia and belong in the Helotiales and Pezizales, or are lichenized Lecanorales. Many of these taxa are placed in the Diaporthales and Xylariales (Hyponectriaceae and Thyridiaceae). Genera having immersed ascomata are often difficult to place; they include Charonectria and Hyponectria, now placed in the Hyponectriaceae, Xylariales; and Cryptoleptosphaeria, Cryptonectriella and Schizoparme, now placed in the Diaporthales. Several genera are placed in the Niessliaceae and Clavicipitaceae of the Hypocreales. In this section a new species, Charonectria amabilis, is described, and the new combinations Thyridium ohiense, Charonectria sceptri, Cryptoleptosphaeria gracilis, Cryptonectriella geoglossi, and Thelocarpon citrum, are proposed.
Seagrasses are flowering plants inhabiting coastal and marine environments, with a worldwide distribution. They serve as feeding,
breeding and nursery grounds for economically important marine organisms including endangered species. The tropical seagrass
Enhalus acoroides was collected from Had Khanom-Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park, southern Thailand. The objectives of this study were to investigate
for the presence of endophyte assemblages in E. acoroides, as well as to describe the diversity of endophytes based on LSU, ITS1, 2, 5.8S rDNA sequence analyses. Forty-two fungal
assemblages were isolated and identified through molecular data. This resulted in a diversity of fungal groups of Ascomycota
(98%) and Basidiomycota (2%). Three major Ascomycota classes including the Sordariomycetes (36%), Eurotiomycetes (33%) and
Dothideomycetes (24%) were determined. The predominant ascomycete orders were the Hypocreales, followed by the Eurotiales and the Capnodiales, respectively. Additionally one taxon belonged to the Russulales, Basidiomycota and was possibly mycorrhiza. This study confirms that E. acoroides harbors a wide diversity of fungal endophytes, and provides a baseline for further studies on fungal-host plant interactions.
KeywordsEndophyte-
Enhalus
-rDNA-Seagrass
A nomenclator for ophiostomatoid genera and species in the Ophiostomatales and Microascales
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Austin, the university of texas. ef 2: J. Fournier -Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France -jfournzeroneuf@gmail.com 1: C. Lechat -64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers-en
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ZWICKL d.J. 2006. -Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic
analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum
likelihood criterion. Ph.d. dissertation. Austin, the university of
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2: J. Fournier -Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France -jfournzeroneuf@gmail.com
1: C. Lechat -64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France -lechat@ascofrance.fr
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