Management of massive fistula bleeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using hemostatic forceps: A case report

Abstract

Background:
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is the optimal method for treatment of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), and is associated with ease, safety, and efficiency. Bleeding is one of the main procedure-related complications, and often requires surgery or radiologic interventions. Indeed, endoscopic management of this complication is limited.

Case summary:
A 42-year-old man presented for evaluation of abdominal pain and distention for approximately 2 wk. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst located in the tail of the pancreas. EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst was performed. After stent placement, massive bleeding was noted from the fistula. Finally, hemostasis was successfully achieved using hemostatic forceps within the fistula.

Conclusion:
Bleeding vessel grasp and coagulation may represent a successful treatment for a fistula hemorrhage during EUS-guided drainage for a PFC, which may be tried before application of balloon or stent compression.

Full text

World Journal of
Clinical Cases
World J Clin Cases 2019 December 6; 7(23): 3915-4171
ISSN 2307-8960 (online)
Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc

W J C C World Journal of
Clinical Cases
Contents Semimonthly Volume 7 Number 23 December 6, 2019
REVIEW
3915 Overview of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporter polypeptides and their roles in the
liver
Li TT, An JX, Xu JY, Tuo BG
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Observational Study
3934 Value of early diagnosis of sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury by renal contrast-enhanced
ultrasound
Wang XY, Pang YP, Jiang T, Wang S, Li JT, Shi BM, Yu C
3945 Value of elastography point quantification in improving the diagnostic accuracy of early diabetic kidney
disease
Liu QY, Duan Q, Fu XH, Fu LQ, Xia HW, Wan YL
3957 Resection of recurrent third branchial cleft fistulas assisted by flexible pharyngotomy
Ding XQ, Zhu X, Li L, Feng X, Huang ZC
3964 Therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture combined with neuromuscular joint facilitation in treatment of
hemiplegic shoulder pain
Wei YH, Du DC, Jiang K
3971 Comparison of intra-articular injection of parecoxib vs oral administration of celecoxib for the clinical
efficacy in the treatment of early knee osteoarthritis
Lu L, Xie Y, Gan K, Huang XW
Retrospective Study
3980 Celiomesenteric trunk: New classification based on multidetector computed tomography angiographic
findings and probable embryological mechanisms
Tang W, Shi J, Kuang LQ, Tang SY, Wang Y
Prospective Study
3990 Interaction of arylsulfatases A and B with maspin: A possible explanation for dysregulation of tumor cell
metabolism and invasive potential of colorectal cancer
Kovacs Z, Jung I, Szalman K, Banias L, Bara TJ, Gurzu S
CASE REPORT
4004 Recuperation of severe tumoral calcinosis in a dialysis patient: A case report
Westermann L, Isbell LK, Breitenfeldt MK, Arnold F, Röthele E, Schneider J, Widmeier E
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
I

Contents World Journal of Clinical Cases
Volume 7 Number 23 December 6, 2019
4011 Robotic wedge resection of a rare gastric perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: A case report
Marano A, Maione F, Woo Y, Pellegrino L, Geretto P, Sasia D, Fortunato M, Orcioni GF, Priotto R, Fasoli R, Borghi F
4020 Primary parahiatal hernias: A case report and review of the literature
Preda SD, Pătraşcu Ș, Ungureanu BS, Cristian D, Bințințan V, Nica CM, Calu V, Strâmbu V, Sapalidis K, Șurlin VM
4029 Diagnosis of Laron syndrome using monoplex-polymerase chain reaction technology with a whole-genome
amplification template: A case report
Neumann A, Alcántara-Ortigoza MÁ, González-del Ángel A, Camargo-Diaz F, López-Bayghen E
4036 In-vitro proliferation assay with recycled ascitic cancer cells in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A case
report
Anayama T, Taguchi M, Tatenuma T, Okada H, Miyazaki R, Hirohashi K, Kume M, Matsusaki K, Orihashi K
4044 Distant metastasis in choroidal melanoma with spontaneous corneal perforation and intratumoral
calcification: A case report
Wang TW, Liu HW, Bee YS
4052 Secondary Parkinson disease caused by breast cancer during pregnancy: A case report
Li L
4057 Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis caused by nitrous oxide abuse: A case report
Sun W, Liao JP, Hu Y, Zhang W, Ma J, Wang GF
4063 Micronodular thymic tumor with lymphoid stroma: A case report and review of the literature
Wang B, Li K, Song QK, Wang XH, Yang L, Zhang HL, Zhong DR
4075 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with bilateral adrenal and hypothalamic involvement: A case report and
literature review
An P, Chen K, Yang GQ, Dou JT, Chen YL, Jin XY, Wang XL, Mu YM, Wang QS
4084 Urethral pressure profilometry in artificial urinary sphincter implantation: A case report
Meng LF, Liu XD, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang YG
4091 Hydroxyurea-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Xu Y, Liu J
4098 Recurrent hypotension induced by sacubitril/valsartan in cardiomyopathy secondary to Duchenne
muscular dystrophy: A case report
Li JM, Chen H
4106 Complete duodenal obstruction induced by groove pancreatitis: A case report
Wang YL, Tong CH, Yu JH, Chen ZL, Fu H, Yang JH, Zhu X, Lu BC
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
II

Contents World Journal of Clinical Cases
Volume 7 Number 23 December 6, 2019
4111 Radiological aspects of giant hepatocellular adenoma of the left liver: A case report
Zheng LP, Hu CD, Wang J, Chen XJ, Shen YY
4119 Mixed serous-neuroendocrine neoplasm of the pancreas: A case report and review of the literature
Xu YM, Li ZW, Wu HY, Fan XS, Sun Q
4130 Rigid esophagoscopy combined with angle endoscopy for treatment of superior mediastinal foreign bodies
penetrating into the esophagus caused by neck trauma: A case report
Wang D, Gao CB
4137 Left armpit subcutaneous metastasis of gastric cancer: A case report
He FJ, Zhang P, Wang MJ, Chen Y, Zhuang W
4144 Bouveret syndrome: A case report
Wang F, Du ZQ, Chen YL, Chen TM, Wang Y, Zhou XR
4150 Fatal complications in a patient with severe multi-space infections in the oral and maxillofacial head and
neck regions: A case report
Dai TG, Ran HB, Qiu YX, Xu B, Cheng JQ, Liu YK
4157 Management of massive fistula bleeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst
drainage using hemostatic forceps: A case report
Ge N, Sun SY
4163 Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder locally invading the liver and abdominal cavity: A case
report and review of the literature
Jin S, Zhang L, Wei YF, Zhang HJ, Wang CY, Zou H, Hu JM, Jiang JF, Pang LJ
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
III

Contents World Journal of Clinical Cases
Volume 7 Number 23 December 6, 2019
ABOUT COVER Editorial Board Member of World Journal of Clinical Cases, Consolato M
Sergi, FRCP (C), MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Lab Medicine and
Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Canada
AIMS AND SCOPE The primary aim of World Journal of Clinical Cases (WJCC, World J Clin Cases)
is to provide scholars and readers from various fields of clinical medicine
with a platform to publish high-quality clinical research articles and
communicate their research findings online.
WJCC mainly publishes articles reporting research results and findings
obtained in the field of clinical medicine and covering a wide range of
topics, including case control studies, retrospective cohort studies,
retrospective studies, clinical trials studies, observational studies,
prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, randomized clinical
trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and case reports.
INDEXING/ABSTRACTING The WJCC is now indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index
Expanded (also known as SciSearch®), and Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition.
The 2019 Edition of Journal Citation Reports cites the 2018 impact factor for WJCC
as 1.153 (5-year impact factor: N/A), ranking WJCC as 99 among 160 journals in
Medicine, General and Internal (quartile in category Q3).
RESPONSIBLE EDITORS FOR
THIS ISSUE
Responsible Electronic Editor: Yan-Xia Xing
Proofing Production Department Director: Xiang Li
NAME OF JOURNAL
World Journal of Clinical Cases
ISSN
ISSN 2307-8960 (online)
LAUNCH DATE
April 16, 2013
FREQUENCY
Semimonthly
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Dennis A Bloomfield, Bao-Gan Peng, Sandro Vento
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/editorialboard.htm
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Jin-Lei Wang, Director
PUBLICATION DATE
December 6, 2019
COPYRIGHT
© 2019 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/204
GUIDELINES FOR ETHICS DOCUMENTS
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/GerInfo/287
GUIDELINES FOR NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/240
PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/208
ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/242
STEPS FOR SUBMITTING MANUSCRIPTS
https://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/GerInfo/239
ONLINE SUBMISSION
https://www.f6publishing.com
© 2019 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
E-mail: bpgoffice@wjgnet.com https://www.wjgnet.com
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
IX

W J C C World Journal of
Clinical Cases
Submit a Manuscript: https://www.f6publishing.com World J Clin Cases 2019 December 6; 7(23): 4157-4162
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i23.4157 ISSN 2307-8960 (online)
CASE REPORT
Management of massive fistula bleeding after endoscopic
ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using
hemostatic forceps: A case report
Nan Ge, Si-Yu Sun
ORCID number: Nan Ge
(0000-0002-5764-7054); Si-Yu Sun
(0000-0002-7308-0473).
Author contributions: Ge N and
Sun SY contributed to study
planning and manuscript drafting.
Informed consent statement:
Consent was obtained from the
relatives of the patient.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All
authors declare no conflict of
interests for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement:
The guidelines of the CARE
Checklist (2016) have been
adopted.
Open-Access: This article is an
open-access article that was
selected by an in-house editor and
fully peer-reviewed by external
reviewers. It is distributed in
accordance with the Creative
Commons Attribution Non
Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)
license, which permits others to
distribute, remix, adapt, build
upon this work non-commercially,
and license their derivative works
on different terms, provided the
original work is properly cited and
the use is non-commercial. See:
http://creativecommons.org/licen
ses/by-nc/4.0/
Manuscript source: Unsolicited
manuscript
Received: September 5, 2019
Peer-review started: September 5,
2019
First decision: October 24, 2019
Nan Ge, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,
Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
Corresponding author: Si-Yu Sun, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Director, Professor, Endoscopy
Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang
110004, Liaoning Province, China. sunsy@sj-hospital.org
Telephone: +86-18940258105
Fax: +86-24-23892617
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is the optimal method for
treatment of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), and is associated with ease,
safety, and efficiency. Bleeding is one of the main procedure-related
complications, and often requires surgery or radiologic interventions. Indeed,
endoscopic management of this complication is limited.
CASE SUMMARY
A 42-year-old man presented for evaluation of abdominal pain and distention for
approximately 2 wk. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a pancreatic
pseudocyst located in the tail of the pancreas. EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst
was performed. After stent placement, massive bleeding was noted from the
fistula. Finally, hemostasis was successfully achieved using hemostatic forceps
within the fistula.
CONCLUSION
Bleeding vessel grasp and coagulation may represent a successful treatment for a
fistula hemorrhage during EUS-guided drainage for a PFC, which may be tried
before application of balloon or stent compression.
Key words: Pancreatic fluid collections; Endoscopic ultrasound; Drainage; Hemorrhage;
Case report
©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Core tip: We report the successful management of massive fistula bleeding during
endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using hemostatic forceps
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
4157

Revised: November 1, 2019
Accepted: November 14, 2019
Article in press: November 14, 2019
Published online: December 6, 2019
P-Reviewer: Castro-Fernandez M,
Lowenberg M
S-Editor: Wang JL
L-Editor: Wang TQ
E-Editor: Xing YX
within the fistula, which proved the efficiency of this method.
Citation: Ge N, Sun SY. Management of massive fistula bleeding after endoscopic ultrasound-
guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using hemostatic forceps: A case report. World J Clin
Cases 2019; 7(23): 4157-4162
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v7/i23/4157.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i23.4157
INTRODUCTION
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is the optimal method for the
treatment of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), and is associated with ease, safety,
and efficiency[1-5]. Bleeding is one of the main procedure-related complications; the
incidence is low but difficult to manage and often requires surgery or radiologic-
guided embolization[6]. Herein we report the successful management of massive
fistula bleeding during EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using hemostatic
forceps.
CASE PRESENTATION
Chief complains
A 42-year-old man presented for evaluation of abdominal pain and distention for
approximately 2 wk.
History of past illness
The patient has a long-term history of alcohol consumption.
Imaging examinations
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed atrophy of the pancreatic
parenchyma and dilation of the main pancreatic duct with multiple stones. A
pancreatic pseudocyst was located in the tail of the pancreas, measuring 9.8 cm × 8.0
cm. Varicose veins were also found around the fundus of the stomach (Figure 1).
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Pancreatic pseudocyst.
TREATMENT
An EUS-guided cyst-gastrostomy was performed. A longitudinal echoendoscope
(PENTAXEG3870UT; Pentax Corporation, Takyo, Japan) with a 3.8-mm working
channel accessible to a 10 Fr stent was used. Color Doppler was used to identify and
avoid interposing vessels during puncture. An EchoTip Ultra endoscopic ultrasound
needle (19-gauge; Boston Scientific Corp., United States) was introduced via the
working channel of the echoendoscope, and the PFC was punctured under EUS
guidance (Figure 2). A brown cystic fluid sample was aspirated and sent to determine
the amylase level, as well as for other biochemical analyses. A guidewire (0.035
inch/480 mm; Boston Scientific, United States) was inserted into the cystic cavity. A
cystotome (10 Fr; Wilson-Cook Medic, United States) was delivered to the dilated
needle path and followed with a 10-mm balloon dilator. A 10-Fr plastic double-pigtail
stent (Wilson-Cook Medic) was placed. After the stent placement, massive bleeding
was noted from the fistula (Figure 3A). Under EUS, the site of bleeding was difficult
to locate and blood began to fill the stomach cavity. We withdrew the EUS and
introduced a gastrointestinal endoscope (3.2-mm working channel; Pentax
Corporation) with a transparent cap attached. The bleeding vessel was viewed within
the fistula (Figure 3B). Hemostatic forceps were introduced and the vessel was
grasped until the bleeding stopped, then high-frequency electrocoagulation was
performed. Hemostasis was successfully achieved (Figure 3C). A lumen-apposing
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
Ge N et al. Management of massive fistula bleeding after EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage
4158

Figure 1
Figure 1 Abdominal computed tomography image revealing atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma and
dilation of the main pancreatic duct with multiple stones. A pancreatic pseudocyst was located in the tail of the
pancreas, measuring 9.8 cm × 8.0 cm.
metal stent (12 mm/25 mm, 16 mm/35 mm; Micro-Tech/Nan Jing Co., Ltd., China)
was placed for the pancreatic pseudocyst drainage.
OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP
After the procedure, the patient remained hemodynamically stable, received standard
care and antibiotics, and had no drop in hemoglobin during a 3-day hospital stay. A
follow-up abdominal CT scan 1 month later showed almost complete resolution of the
PFC (Figure 4), and the stent was removed (Figure 5).
DISCUSSION
Ultrasound-guided drainage is the first-line modality for drainage of symptomatic
PFCs. The overall clinical success rate is 90.5%-100%; the adverse effect rate is 98.0%-
23.8%, mainly including hemorrhage, perforation, secondary infection, and stent
migration[7-11]. Procedure-related bleeding reportedly occurs in 1%-2% of cases during
EUS-guided drainage of PFCs. The use of EUS may help to reduce the risk of bleeding
by visualizing intervened vessels. One prospective study reported a 13% bleeding rate
with conventional endoscopic drainage, compared to no bleeding with EUS-guided
interventions[12]; however, even with EUS guidance, bleeding remains an important
adverse event[13]. Varadarajulu et al[7] also reported that bleeding occurred in a patient
with underlying acquired factor VIII inhibitors. Also, straight biliary fully-covered
self-expandable metal stent possibly increases the risk of delayed bleeding, in which
case endoscopic intervention may be limited. Stent erosion of the gastric wall can
occur during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Collateral vessel bleeding can also occur
during fistula creation and is often successfully managed conservatively. The bleeding
caused by splenic artery pseudoaneurysms are often life-threatening[6]. In our case, the
vessel injury during puncture, which was missed during EUS scanning, was the cause
of bleeding.
As reported, there are three endoscopic interventions to manage bleeding during
the procedure, as follows: (1) Fistula bleeding can be compressed by a balloon dilator,
which is effective when the bleeding is not severe[14]; (2) A fully-covered self-
expandable metal stent is delivered directly to continuously compress the fistula; and
(3) Wang et al[14] reported using a bi-flanged self-expandable metal stent to stop
bleeding in the needle path by external compression at the puncture site from stent
expansion. In our case, the needle path was dilated using a 1-cm balloon, which
permitted clear visualization of the needle path and identification of the bleeding
vessel. If the needle path was not fully dilated, the bleeding vessel would not be
detected and a fully covered metal stent may be considered. In our case, the bleeding
vessel was ruptured and direct hemostasis was considered before balloon or stent
compression.
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
Ge N et al. Management of massive fistula bleeding after EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage
4159

Figure 2
Figure 2 The pancreatic fluid collection was punctured by fine-needle aspiration under endoscopic
ultrasound guidance.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, bleeding vessel grasp and coagulation may represent a successful
treatment for a fistula hemorrhage during EUS-guided drainage for a PFC, which may
be tried before application of balloon or stent compression.
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
Ge N et al. Management of massive fistula bleeding after EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage
4160

Figure 3
Figure 3 Endoscopic ultrasound images. A: After the stent placement, massive bleeding was noted from the fistula; B: The bleeding vessel was viewed within the
fistula; C: Hemostasis was successfully achieved.
Figure 4
Figure 4 A follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan 1 mo later showed almost complete resolution of the pancreatic fluid collection.
Figure 5
Figure 5 The placed metal stent (A) and the stent was removed (B).
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
Ge N et al. Management of massive fistula bleeding after EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage
4161

REFERENCES
1Adler DG. Single-operator experience with a 20-mm diameter lumen apposing metal stent to treat patients
with large pancreatic fluid collections from pancreatic necrosis. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7: 422-423
[PMID: 30531025 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_39_18]
2Adler DG, Shah J, Nieto J, Binmoeller K, Bhat Y, Taylor LJ, Siddiqui AA. Placement of lumen-apposing
metal stents to drain pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis can be safely performed on an
outpatient basis: A multicenter study. Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8: 36-42 [PMID: 29770780 DOI:
10.4103/eus/eus_30-17]
3Caillol F, Godat S, Turrini O, Zemmour C, Bories E, Pesenti C, Ratone JP, Ewald J, Delpero JR,
Giovannini M. Fluid collection after partial pancreatectomy: EUS drainage and long-term follow-up.
Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8: 91-98 [PMID: 29600794 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_112_17]
4Li L, Cristofaro S, Qu C, Liang S, Li X, Cai Q. EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collection with a
Hot AXIOS stent in a patient with pancreatitis following distal pancreatectomy (with video). Endosc
Ultrasound 2018; 7: 347-348 [PMID: 29848832 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_55_17]
5Bang JY, Varadarajulu S. Stent Tracker app: Novel method to track patients with indwelling lumen-
apposing metal stents. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7: 69-70 [PMID: 29451174 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_50_17]
6Lang GD, Fritz C, Bhat T, Das KK, Murad FM, Early DS, Edmundowicz SA, Kushnir VM, Mullady DK.
EUS-guided drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections with lumen-apposing metal stents and plastic
double-pigtail stents: comparison of efficacy and adverse event rates. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87: 150-
157 [PMID: 28713067 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.06.029]
7Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Frequency of complications during EUS-guided drainage of
pancreatic fluid collections in 148 consecutive patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26: 1504-1508
[PMID: 21575060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06771.x]
8Saul A, Ramirez Luna MA, Chan C, Uscanga L, Valdovinos Andraca F, Hernandez Calleros J, Elizondo J,
Tellez Avila F. EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts offers similar success and complications
compared to surgical treatment but with a lower cost. Surg Endosc 2016; 30: 1459-1465 [PMID: 26139498
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4351-2]
9Siddiqui AA, Adler DG, Nieto J, Shah JN, Binmoeller KF, Kane S, Yan L, Laique SN, Kowalski T, Loren
DE, Taylor LJ, Munigala S, Bhat YM. EUS-guided drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections and
necrosis by using a novel lumen-apposing stent: a large retrospective, multicenter U.S. experience (with
videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83: 699-707 [PMID: 26515956 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.10.020]
10 Chen Y, Zhu H, Jin Z, Li Z, Du Y. An unusual complication of cardia occlusion with lumen-apposing
metal stent therapy for pancreatic pseudocyst. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7: 61-63 [PMID: 29451171 DOI:
10.4103/eus.eus_99_17]
11 Rana SS, Gupta R, Kang M, Sharma V, Sharma R, Gorsi U, Bhasin DK. Percutaneous catheter drainage
followed by endoscopic transluminal drainage/necrosectomy for treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis
in early phase of illness. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7: 41-47 [PMID: 29451168 DOI:
10.4103/eus.eus_94_17]
12 Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, Drelichman ER, Wilcox CM. Prospective randomized trial
comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts (with videos). Gastrointest
Endosc 2008; 68: 1102-1111 [PMID: 18640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.028]
13 Siddiqui AA, Kowalski TE, Loren DE, Khalid A, Soomro A, Mazhar SM, Isby L, Kahaleh M, Karia K,
Yoo J, Ofosu A, Ng B, Sharaiha RZ. Fully covered self-expanding metal stents versus lumen-apposing
fully covered self-expanding metal stent versus plastic stents for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic walled-
off necrosis: clinical outcomes and success. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85: 758-765 [PMID: 27566053
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.08.014]
14 Wang BH, Xie LT, Zhao QY, Ying HJ, Jiang TA. Balloon dilator controls massive bleeding during
endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for pancreatic pseudocyst: A case report and review of literature.
World J Clin Cases 2018; 6: 459-465 [PMID: 30294611 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i11.459]
WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com
December 6, 2019 Volume 7 Issue 23
Ge N et al. Management of massive fistula bleeding after EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage
4162

Published By Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Telephone: +1-925-2238242
E-mail: bpgoffice@wjgnet.com
Help Desk:https://www.f6publishing.com/helpdesk
https://www.wjgnet.com
© 2019 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.