Analysis of Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Protection System in Jakarta – Bogor Fiber-Optic Transmission Link

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Analysis of Automatically Switched Optical Network
(ASON) Protection System in Jakarta – Bogor Fiber-
Optic Transmission Link
Dika Fadilah Abduhuu1, Peby Wahyu Purnawan2
{dika.fadilah@gmail.com1, pebywahyupurnawan@budiluhur.ac.id2}
Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Budi Luhur, Jl. Ciledug Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia1,2
Abstract.The use of protection on fiber-optic network was to prevent the possibility of
failures it was required reliable protection system to keep the service running. The
process to find appropriate protection systems on Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks was based on traffic
distribution capacity, network topology, and economic considerations. There were
several types of protection: Multiplex Section Protection (MSP), Sub-Network
Connection Protection (SNCP), and Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON).
The protection system discussed in this thesis was Automatically Switched Optical
Network (ASON) used by Mora Telematika Indonesia Inc. The test results and analysis
conducted on the main line and ASON protection were revealed that ASON protection
quality which able to handle multiple fault so that the traffic automatically moved to the
protection line via Depok = 15.1324 ms, via Graha = 26.6358 ms, and via BSD =
49.6828 ms; in accordance with standardization of Service Level Agreement (SLA) with
switching time provider <50 ms which was in the same quality between throughput,
frame loss, jitter and the main line. Thus ASON protection kept the traffic running
normally.
Keywords: Protection System, SDH, WDM, MSP, SNCP, ASON.
1 Introduction
The usage of fiber-optic transmission media as the backbone of Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that able to
provide large traffic capacity is to prevent the worst possible system failure due to the damage
of fiber-optic cable, and thus it needs reliable protection system to keep the service running[1],
[2]. The protection system is chosen based on the needs of traffic, network topology, and
economic considerations[3].
In principle, this protection system provides or takes some network capacity to be
allocated as capacity in the backup channel. In this study, the system of Automatically
Switched Optical Network (ASON) Jakarta – Bogor was developed for analyzing the
switching time that is required for automatic restore and latency comparison which occurs in
each router from ASON protection system on fiber-optic transmission network in the area of
Jakarta –Bogor, along with the feasibility of ASON protection system.
WMA-1 2018, January 20-21, Indonesia
Copyright © 2019 EAI
DOI 10.4108/eai.20-1-2018.2281861

2 Research Methodology
2.1 Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)
ASON is an Optical Transport Network (OTN) that has the ability to establish a dynamic
connection [4], [5]. ASON definition is set in ITU-T G.8081/Y.1353 on Terms and Definitions
for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON). The recommendation explains all the
terms, definitions, and abbreviations used in ASON recommendations [6]. ASON protection
system is able to overcome multiple fault cases which each connected line can be used
simultaneously, and if fiber failure (fiber cut) occurred, the traffic will automatically move
through the normal connected lines [7].
2.2 ASON Architecture
ASON architecture is divided into three parts (planes), i.e. transport plane, control plane, and
management plane [5], as shown in Figure 1
Fig. 1. Architecture of ASON [8]
o Transport Plane
Transport plane is also known as data plane which represents the use of network resources to
convey information among users.
o Control Plane
Control plane includes the process of signaling, routing, and link management. Signaling
performs the development process, disconnections, and modifies connections.
o Management Plane
Management plane provides network management functions on transport plane and control
plane, and the system as a whole. [9], [10] ASON uses a restoration or protection system and
both that isPRC (Protection Restoration Combine) as its fault handling. While the backbone
network is still using ring topology, in which the redundancy process uses the protection
system (SNCP/MSP). With this topology, it is not possible for the network to have multiple

fault handling. The condition of multiple fault handling is shown as in Figure 2in which the
mesh service topology will still run even though there are three failure links.
Fig. 2. Comparison of Ring and Mesh Topologies [11]
2.3 Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Service Level Agreement or commonly known as SLA is part of the overall service agreement
between 2 (two) entities for performance improvement or in other words the delivery time
must be fixed during the contract period. These two entities are typically known as service
providers and clients that may concern legal agreement due to money involvement or any
formal contracts between internal business units.
2.4 Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS) or service quality is a network mechanism that allows applications or
services to operate as expected. QoS is related to customer satisfaction on using the network.
Some of QoS parameters are throughput, packet loss or frame loss, latency or delay, and jitter.
The following QoS standards are used by Mora Telematika Indonesia, Inc., such as
throughput, packet or frame loss, latency or delay, and jitter [12]:
2.4.1 Throughput
Throughput is the effective rate of data transfer which the data is measured in bps. Throughput
can be calculated using equation 1:
Table 1. Throughput Standardization.
Category
Throughput (%)
Very Good
100
Good
95
Moderate
90
Poor
< 85
  
or

  
 (1)
where:
t = time used in transmitting data (seconds)
s = data size received (bit)
P = actual throughput at time of data transmission (bits per second)
2.4.2 Packet or Frame Loss
Packet loss or frame loss is a parameter that indicates the loosing number of packets or frame
during the data transmission from the source (sender) to the destination (receiver). Packet loss
can be calculated using equation 2:
Table 2. Packet loss Standardization.
Category
Packet loss (%)
Very Good
0
Good
1
Moderate
3
Poor
5
 
󰇛󰇜
  (2)
2.4.3 Latency or Delay
Latency is the amount of time for data packet to move across a network connection. Latency
can be calculated using equation 3:
Table 3. Latency Standardization.
Category
Latency (ms)
Very Good
< 6
Good
6 s/d 9
Moderate
9 s/d 12
Poor
>12
  󰇟      󰇠 (3)
   
 (4)
   
 (5)
where:
Lsf = Store and Forward Latency
Lwi = Wireline Latency
Lsw = Switch Fabric Latency
Lq = Queuing Latency

2.4.4 Jitter
Jitter is a delay variation due to time difference or interval between packet arrivals in Jitter
recipient that can be calculated using equation 6:
Table 4. Jitter Standardization.
  
 (6)
 
  󰇛󰇜 (7)
2.5 Implementation of Automatically Switched Optical Network Jakarta – Bogor Link
2.5.1 Flow Chart of Traffic Restoration
In Figure 3, if a Fiber Failure or FO cut is detected in Jakarta – Bogor route, enabling the
closest protection line will return the traffic to normal.
Fig. 3. Flow Chart of Traffic Restoration.
Category
Jitter (ms)
Very Good
0
Good
0 s/d 3
Moderate
3 s/d 6
Poor
>6
START
END
Fo Cut Detection
Service Impact
Switch Protection
Activate Protection
The Traffic
Becomes normal
Restoration FO Cut
No
Yes

(Start-FO cut detected-service impact-Y. switch to nearest protection-enable the protection-
traffic back to normal-finish; N. Wait for FO cut restoration-traffic back to normal-finish)
2.5.2 Flow Chart of Traffic Restoration
Jakarta – Bogor Network Topology is in direct core as shown in Figure 4, the traffic will be at
high risk of interference if there is a fiber failure.
Jakarta Bogor
Direct core
Fig. 4. Topology Core Jakarta – Bogor.
In the beginning, Jakarta – Bogor transmission network was formed by SDX 1xSTM64.
2.5.3 Survivability Network Jakarta-Bogor
Table 5 is a collection of fiber failure cases occurredin Jakarta – Bogor network during
December 2016 up to March 2017.
Table 5. Historical Fiber Failure Data in Jakarta - Bogor Section.
Section
Downtime
Uptime
Over-all
down-time
Route Cause
(Source)
Detail
Problem
Action Taken
2 Core DWDM
Sec-tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Down
Dec 4, 2016
16:13:00
Dec 5,
2016
02:33:00
10h 20m
Bad core
Patch core
problem at
Jakarta
Link Back to
normal after
replace patch
core
2 Core DWDM sec-
tion Jakar ta –
Bogor Down
Dec 14,
2016
04:03:00
Dec 16,
2016
05:46:00
2D 1h 43m
PU Activity
FO cut
section
Cyber –
Bogor, cut
point 4 Km
from POP
Bogor
Link up after
fiber splicing
2 Core SDH sec-
tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Down
Dec 14,
2016
16:00:00
Mar 13,
2017
20:31:00
89D 4h 31m
PU Activity
FO cut
section
Cyber –
Bogor, cut
point at 3.8
KM from
Jakarta
Link up after
fiber splicing
2 Core DWDM sec-
tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Flicker
Jan 6, 2017
16:15:00
Jan 6,
2017
16:20:00
5m
Unknown
Detect
alarm LOS
section
Link back to
normal before
any further

Jakarta –
Bogor
action
2 Core DWDM sec-
tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Down
Feb 19,
2017
01:31:00
Feb 19,
2017
14:43:00
13h 12m
PU Activity
FO cut
section
Cyber –
Bogor, cut
point at
21km from
Bogor
Link up after
fiber splicing
2 Core DWDM sec-
tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Flicker
Feb 28,
2017
22:53:00
Feb 28,
2017
23:02:00
9 m
Unknown
Detect
alarm LOS
section
Jakarta -
Bogor
Link back to
normal after
any further
action
2 Core DWDM sec-
tion Jakar-ta –
Bogor Down
Mar 1, 2017
11:18:00
Mar 1,
2017
17:25:00
6h 7m
Patch core
problem
Patch core
problem at
Jakarta
Link Back to
normal after
replace patch
core
2.5.4 ASON Design Jakarta – Bogor
This protection system technology is one of the protection system used by Mora Telematika
IndonesiaInc.The use of Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) technology is
based on the establishment of optical cable infrastructure that connects the city of Jakarta –
Bogor – Depok –Tangerang – Bekasi (JABODETABEK) that each city has been integrated to
more than one city destination as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 5. Backbone Topology of JABODETABEK.

2.5.5 ASON Configuration and Implementation Jakarta – Bogor Link
In applying this ASON configuration, there are some things to be concerned; determining the
service definition that includes the capacity or rate and the allocation of the end-to-end port. In
Jakarta – Bogorlink, this can be determined by the direction and purpose of the port, here are
to create an ASON configuration in OMS:
1. Determining Jakarta – Bogor service definition link that will be used.
2. Configuring the Transmission Parameters such as:
• Action on LOS
• Container
• Signal Type
3. Configuring ASON, the main thing in ASON configuration is Default Priority and
Default Setup Priority, which is as a priority link to occupy the protection allocation in
ASON.
4. Configuring Assurance, this configuration aims to enable Performance Monitoring within
15 minutes and 24 hours. So that the links quality can be seen in case of failure occurs on
the transmission network.
5. Implementing the configured link.
The result of Jakarta – Bogor ASON link that has been implemented can be seen in the
highlight of CSO as in figure 6.
Fig. 6. ASON Highlight Jakarta – Bogor.
After the implementation ofASON protection system in Jakarta – BogorLink, it has the ability
to cope with the traffic down if there is any fiber failure and has the ability to handle multiple
fault cases if a fiber failure happens in the other line.
2.5.6 BERTest
Bit Error Rate Test is commonly used to find out numbers of errors that occur in
communication networks, either in networks based on SDH technology, PDH, DSL, Fiber

Channel and Ethernet. The parameters on BERTest are Throughput, Frame Loss, Latency,
Jitter, and Switching time.
2.5.7 Standardization of Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Here are the SLA offered by Mora Telematika Indonesia, Inc.:
Table 6. Historical Fiber Failure Data in Jakarta - Bogor Section.
Availability %
Downtime
Per Year
Downtime
Per Month
Downtime
Per Week
90
36,5 D
72 h
16,8 h
95
18,25 D
36 h
8,4 h
97
10,96 D
21,6 h
5,04 h
98
7,30 D
14,4 h
3,36 h
99
3,65 D
7,20 h
1,68 h
99,5
1,83 D
3,60 h
50,4 m
99,8
17,52 h
86,23 m
20,16 m
99,9
8,76 h
43,8 m
10,1 m
99,95
4,38 h
21,56 m
5,04 m
99,99
52,56 m
4,32 m
1,01 m
99,999
5,26 m
25,9 s
6,05 s
99,9999
31,5 s
2,59 s
0,605 s
99,99999
3,15 s
0,259 s
0,0605 s
For example, a customer with 99% SLA; that means a standard service offered by Mora
Telematika Indonesia, Inc. is 99% in a month and the remaining 1% of the service is
considered to be normal to be down. In 1 month, if there are 30 days, which 1 day is 24 hours,
then in 1 month = 30 days x 24 hours = 720 hours is 100% up service. If it is 99%, then the
service standard is 99% x 720 hours = 712.8 hours, which the rest 7.2 hours is considered as
normal if the service go down (off) in 1 month. Referring to table 5, when a disruption
happens to the transmission media network Jakarta – Bogor, its completion will take quite a
long time so that SLA standardization is not possible to be reached. Thus to maintain the
commitment of theSLA offered, in order to prevent the long traffic downtime, it is needed to
implement ASON protection system.
2.5.8 Standardization of Link Performance
Standardization of link performance, besides referring to the value of Quality of Service
(QoS), is also seen from the switching time that required to restore the traffic. Here are the
standardization parameters used by Mora Telematika Indonesia, Inc [12].
Table 7. Normal Link Parameter.
Parameter
Value
Unit
Throughput
100
%
Frame Loss
0
%
Latency
< 6
ms

Jitter
< 0
ms
Switching Time
< 50
ms
3 Test and Analysis of Ason Protection System
3.1 Configuration Test of ASON Jakarta – Bogor Link
Figure 7 is ASON Jakarta – Bogorconfiguration test image that is applied using BERTest.
Fig. 7. Configuration Test.
3.2 Line Analysis of Jakarta – Bogor Main Link
3.2.1 Throughput
Figure 8 is the result of throughput measurement:
Fig. 8. Throughput Measurement of Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.
From the throughput measurement, it can be calculated using equation 1. A received packet
from a total of 15 minutes test time is 1,122,616,156,800 Bytes or 1,122 Tera Byte.
S = 1,122,616,156,800 Byte x 8 = 8,980,929,254,400 bits; and
t = 15 minutes x 60 = 900 s
Then the throughput (P) received is:

   
   

   
3.2.2 Frame Loss or Packet Loss
Figure 9 is the result of frame loss or packet loss measurements on Jakarta – Bogor main link
network.
Fig. 9. Graphic of Frame Loss Measurement on Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.
From Figure 9 and Figure 10 the measurements line of Jakarta – Bogor main link fiber-optic
transmission network with 10Gbps bandwidth has a frame loss or packet loss 0%, which
means with 100% success rate then all packets transmitted in the network are sent perfectly
without any packet missing in its transmission.
Fig. 10. Frame or Packet Loss Main Link Jakarta – Bogor.
From the measurement data of packet loss, it can be calculated by using equation 2.2. The
packet sent = 1,000 and Packet received = 1,000.
Then the packet loss is:
  󰇛  󰇜
 

  󰇛  󰇜
  
3.2.3 Latency or delay
The measurements are conducted by sending packets or pinging repeatedly 1,000 times with
the default load of 9,600 bits, Switch Fabric Latency (Lsw) of 0.0512 ms and Queuing
Latency (Lq) = 0 ms. Below in figures 11 and 12 are the results of latency or delay
measurements:
Fig. 11. Graphic of Latency Measurement of Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.
In Figure 11 the graphic of Latency Main Link measurement of fiber-optic transmission
network from Jakarta – Bogor, the current latency can be seen 3000μs or 3ms. From the
results of ping test Jakarta – Bogor in figure 12 also can be seen the minimum Latency = 3 ms,
maximum = 53 ms, and average = 3 ms.
Fig. 12. Latency in Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.
From the measurement data conducted with bandwidth 10 Gbps, it can be calculated using
equations 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5. With the known data as follows:
Frame packet size = 9,600 bit x 1,000 = 9,600,000 bits
Bandwidth = 10 Gbps = 10,000,000,000 bps
Distance of Jakarta – Bogor = 92 Km = 92,000 m

Then the number of Store and Forward Latency (Lsf) and Wireline Latencty (Lwi) are:
   
   

For Lwi number:
   
    


From the calculation data above, it is known the latency number is as follows:
   󰇟      󰇠 x 3 hop= [0.96 + 0.3067 + 0.0512 + 0] x 3 = 1.3179
x 3 = 3.9537 ms
3.2.4 Jitter
Figure 13 shows the results of jitter measurements.
Fig. 13. Jitter in Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.
From the result of jitter measurement at Figure 13, it was seen the jitter value equal to 0 μs
with data of total packet received 1,122,616,156,800 Byte and total variation delay 3,9537 ms,
thus it can be calculated using equation 2.6.
  
 
  
 󰇛󰇜
From the measurement data of QoS in Jakarta – Bogor main link with throughput parameter,
frame loss or packet loss, latency, and jitter, there is difference in the calculation result which
can be seen in table 8 below:
Table 8. Measurement and Calculation Results of QoS in Jakarta – Bogor Main Link.

QoS Parameter
Measurement
Calculation
Throughput
10 Gbps
9.979 Gbps
Frame Loss
0 %
0 %
Latency
3 ms
3.9537 ms
Jitter
0 µs
3.5219 fs
3.3 Line Analysis of Jakarta – Bogor Protection Link
3.3.1 Jakarta – Bogor Protection Link via Depok
Here in Figure 14 was seen when Jakarta – Bogor main line went down and the traffic was
going through Depok.
Fig. 14. Jakarta – Bogor Traffic via Depok.
3.3.2 Jakarta – Bogor Protection Link via Graha – Kota Wisata – Depok
When double failure occurred inJakarta – Bogor main line and protection line via Depok, the
traffic will automatically move to another closer protection lineswitchare Jakarta – Grha –
Kota Wisata – Depok – Bogor, as shown in Figure 15.

Fig. 15. Jakarta – Bogor Traffic via Graha.
3.3.3 Jakarta – Bogor Protection Link via BSD – Graha – KotaWisata – Depok
When a triple failure occurredinJakarta – Bogor main line, protection line via Depok, and
protection line via Graha,the traffic will automatically move to another protection lines that
are Jakarta – BSD – Graha – Kota Wisata – Depok – Bogor, as seen in Figure 16.
Fig. 16. Jakarta – Bogor Traffic via BSD.
From the measurement data of switching time and QoS at the line of Jakarta – Bogor
protection link via Depok, Graha, and BSD, there are differences between the measurement
and the calculation result which can be seen in table 9 below:
Table 9. Measurement and Calculation Results QoS Protection Link Jakarta – Bogor.
QoS
Para-
meter
via Depok
via Graha
via BSD
Mea
sure
Calc
ulati
Mea
sure
Calc
ulati
Mea
sure
Calc
ulati

4 Conclusion
Based on the theory, calculation, simulation, and analysis in this thesis, there are conclusions
as follows:
1. From the test and analysis results of QoS performed on ASON protection system in
Jakarta – Bogor through the protection line via Depok, Graha, and BSD, it revealed the
same result as QoS throughput = 10 Gbps; frame loss = 0%; and jitter = 0 μs.But there is a
difference in latency due to the addition of distance and node traversed. When it
throughthe main line, the latency = 3 ms;via Depok, Latency = 5 ms;via Graha, Latency =
9 ms;and via BSD, latency = 12 ms. However, it did not affect the performance quality of
throughput, frame loss, and jitter. Thus, ASON protection system wascapable to fill
thetraffic needs on the main line.
2. From the test results and switching time analysis performed on ASON protection system
in Jakarta – Bogor through the protection line via Depok, the switching time = 15.1324
ms;via Graha,the switching time = 26.6358 ms; and via BSD,the switching time =
49.6828 ms. It can be concluded that the time required for the traffic to automatically
switch when an interruption happened on the main line was <50 ms, thus the Service
Level Agreement (SLA) standardization was maintained.
3. From the test and analysis results of ASON protection system, it can be concluded that
ASON protection system was feasible to be applied because itscapability to handle
multiple fault cases which was able to move automatically into the available protection
line, thus able tokeep the traffic running normally.
References
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ment
on
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on
ment
on
Swi-
tching
Time
15,1
32.4
0 µs
15.1
324
ms
26,6
358
µs
26.6
358
ms
49,6
828
µs
49.6
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0%
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0%
La-
tency
5 ms
5.20
48
ms
9 ms
8.58
72
ms
12
ms
13.7
284
ms
Jitter
0 µs
4.63
63 fs
0 µs
7.64
93 fs
0 µs
0.01
23
ps

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