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16 IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026)
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
Development of the Portable Shake Table for
Simulating Building Characteristic under
Earthquake Condition
Munarus Suluch1, Fauzi Imaduddin Adhim2, Ciptian Weried Priananda2, Lucky Putri Rahayu2, Mahfud
Kurnianto2, Singgih Cantona2, and Moh. Jauhari3
Abstract—In the last few decades, massive earthquakes, which
can damage many homes and buildings, have often occurred. To
slow down or prevent damage from earthquakes, various
technologies are needed. From this technology, simulators of
ground motion from earthquakes can be used to remind people
of the dangers of earthquakes. This paper introduces a portable
earthquake simulator to simulate two-dimensional ground
motion from an earthquake. Focusing on the design concept,
structure, and features of this new simulator, the author
discusses its implementation and verifies its feasibility with the
results of the initial experiments.
Keywords—Building Characteristic, Earthquake Simulation,
Portable Shake Table.
I. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a region that is traversed by two mountain
routes that make this region seismically active in the world.
Thus technology and activities to reduce the risk of
earthquakes are needed. Because most earthquake damage is
the collapse of buildings and infrastructure, it is very
important to evaluate the existing seismic capacity and then
rehabilitate it accordingly [1].
An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when
suddenly releasing energy in the earth's crust creates seismic
waves. This disaster can cause a variety of damage ranging
from sensitive equipment such as medical equipment in
hospitals, machinery in the industry to infrastructure
buildings such as the collapse of office buildings and bridge
damage. In addition, earthquakes can cause other disasters
such as landslides and tsunamis that cause damage to coastal
areas.
This study aims to design and develop Portable Shake
Tables that are used to mimic the various types of
earthquake ground motion that exist from recorded
earthquake data. This tool is used as the main experimental
approach to mimic earthquake vibrations for the assessment
of building performance, structural or non-structural models
that experience ground motion in the event of an earthquake
[2].
This Portable Shake Table has two actuators, each of
which is driven by a DC motor. These two actuators are
controlled by the controller connected to the LabVIEW
software on the computer. It is hoped that this tool can help
determine whether the structure or model can withstand
actual earthquakes if the seismic shock table modeling
system is accurate enough to predict and simulate similar
ground motions [3]. The project is also expected to help
provide solutions to cases of small earthquake incidents that
are not strong enough to cause building collapse.
II. CONTROL STRATEGY
A. Displacement Control
Most of the design of portable shake tables requires
control signals with a high degree of precision, which
depends on the ability of the controller system on this table.
In this study two control variables are applied as a control
control for portable shake tables. The signal generation
process is implemented in this project which involves
adjusting some control parameters and preconditions of the
input movement to optimize the drive signal for the
portable shake table. The first step of the signal generation
process is used to adjust the movement on the X axis and Y
axis. The second step is to send the signal through the
controller to drive a DC motor actuator.
B. Control of Vibration Amplitude Determinants
Some researchers developed an un-axial shake table that
uses electro-hydraulic actuators as drive components seem
to have non-linearity which causes harmonic distortion
acceleration which results in low control performance and
system accuracy [2][4]. In this study vibration length is
controlled based on the magnitude of the deviation
amplitude and DC motor speed. The vibration amplitude
control system uses an open loop system, so that only the
input signal is given without the need to verify the results of
the vibration generated by assuming the DC motor works
well.
III. CONCEPT DESIGN & RESEARCH
M
ETHODOLOGY
A. Operating the Portable Shake Table System
The portable shake table system is known as an
earthquake simulator that is used to reproduce or produce
1Munarus Suluch is with Department of Civil Engineering, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia. E-mail:
ciptian.junior@gmail.com.
2Fauzi Imaduddin Adhim, Ciptian Weried Priananda, Lucky Putri
Rahayu, Mahfud Kurnianto, Singgih Cantona are with Department of
Electrical Automation Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
3Moh. Jauhari is with Department Industrial Electric Engineering
Politeknik Negeri Madura (POLTERA), Sampang, Indonesia.
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026) 17
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
seismic movements similar to ground motion in the event of
an earthquake. This phenomenon is then recorded so that
civil engineers and fields can place their products on the
vibrating table as test specimens to evaluate and improve
the seismic response of the product and the ability to
withstand vibrational movements. From Figure 1 below, to
reproduce vibrations, a known plate board must be moved
within a certain period of time by a DC motor actuator. This
plate must allow linear movement that moves on each of the
specified axes.
Figure 1. Design of Portable Shake Table System.
To reduce the complexity of the control system, portable
shake tables must be constructed to produce one-translation
movements to move test specimens. The electrical input
signal is generated by the computer through the
microcontroller and inserted into the actuator to ensure the
desired linear motion that mimics the ground shaking
motion. The concept of producing periodic vibrations is to
convert electrical seismic signals into mechanical motion
through an electro-mechanical actuator in the form of a DC
motor to simulate a vibrating ground motion to test the
specimen.
B. Control System of Portable Shake Table
The proposed methodology applies the concept of
positioning to control the linear motion of a table vibrating
through a DC motor as an actuator. Based on Figure 2
below, the reference signal shows the input seismic signal
generated from the time-shifting trendline created from the
earthquake database. As an open loop system, the controller
sends a position signal to the linear actuator to cause
mechanical movement in the portable shake table.
Controller Motor DC as
Actuator Portable Shake
Table
Reference Signal
(Input)
Position Control Mechanical Movement
(Output)
Figure 2. Design of Control System for Portable Shake Table.
Portable shake tables are driven by an electric linear
actuator in the form of a DC motor that seems stable
enough when used in an open loop configuration. Although
there are some researchers who build an feedback system in
an actuator such as a speed encoder to stabilize the
movement of the actuator rod to produce a more stable.
C. Procedure for Testing the Performance of Elastomers
The standard test procedure for analyzing and evaluating
the ability of elastomers to protect specimens from the
impact of the horizontal component of an earthquake is to
compare the structural response between fixed-base and
base-isolated. Configuration under several types of
earthquake ground motion. Structural responses can be
expressed with several dynamic parameters such as basic
acceleration, basic displacement, roof acceleration, and roof
displacement as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Shaking response for structures with fixed-base (left
side) and Elastomer base (right side).
The basic structure will still experience almost complete
seismic input energy generated by a portable shake table
that results in a vibration experience on test specimens.
Whereas, the basic structure of elastomers to eliminate
vibration energy minimizes the amount of seismic wave
energy transmitted from the ground to the structure to form
stability during seismic events. Elastomers are mounted
below the test specimen for the purpose of seismic
isolation, rigid plates should be installed between the
structure and the top of the elastomer to ensure that the
bearings acting in concert to produce even distribution of
forces throughout the elastomer.
D. System Architecture
Personal Computer as
Human Machine Interface
Arduino Mega
2560 as
Microcontroller
Driver and
Signal
Conditioner
Motor DC as
Actuator
Portable Shake
Table
Figure 4. System architecture of proposed Portable Shaking
Table.
V. FINAL DESIGN & SYSTEM
I
MPLEMENTATION
A. Implementation of Prototype
The proposed portable shake table mechanism is shown in
Figure 4. This portable shake table has two axis as the x
axis and the y axis, each of which is driven by a DC motor.
Figure 5. Final design of structure portable shake table system.
18 IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026)
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
TABLE 1.
SPECIFICATIONS OF PORTABLE SHAKE TABLE SYSTEM
Specifications of System Design
Value of Specification
Shaking direction
Double axis horizontal motion
Dimension of shake table
640mm × 550mm
Thickness of shake table
25mm
Operating Load
100kg
Factor of safety
1.5
Design Load
150kg
Peak displacement
±270mm
Operating Voltage
0V – 24V (with decreasing
available amplitudes)
Figure 6. Building dummy with wooden pole.
Table 1 shows the specification of the shaking table
designed in this research. The table joints may travel up to
270 mm. This table was designed to be operated properly
for up to 100kg of load. The experiments conducted in this
research use the dummy building with wooden pole (Fig. 6)
and iron ruler pole (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. Building dummy with iron ruler pole.
Figure 8. Displacement simulation using wooden pole dummy building.
The only problem with wooden pole dummy building
is that the displacement of every floor of the building is
hardly observable.
Figure 8 shows the simulation scenario of the
shaking table using wooden pole dummy building. As
predicted earlier that the displacement of every floor’s
movement could not be recorded since the poles were
quite indestructible, especially with normal speed of
vibration conducted in the experiments.
Figure 9 shows the simulation scenario of the
shaking table using iron ruler pole dummy building.
The ruler is thin so it can be bent easily even with small
vibration produced by the movement of the table’s
joint. But unfortunately the ruler can only bent in one
axis. So when the experiments conducted, the
displacement can only be observed in one direction. In
further development, the ruler may be replaced with
multidirectional material, so when the experiments run,
we can observe the attitude of the building more
realistic.
Figure 9. Displacement simulation using iron ruler pole dummy
building.
B. Design of Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Figure 10. Design of Human Machine Interface (HMI) for portable shake
table system.
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper presents the development of a space-saving
portable shake table. The mechanism of table movement and
the effectiveness of table movements are regulated by the
HMI on the Personal Computer. In the proposed Portable
shake table system, the table displacement reference for each
actuator is generated on the basis of input from the user via
the HMI that is passed on by the microcontroller. DC motor
actuator movement is controlled by motor driver. This paper
proposes a portable shake table mechanism as a laboratory
scale prototype. This portable shake table is shaken
horizontally based on two X and Y axes.
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026) 19
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Control of Shake Tables with Force Stabilization,” J. Earthq.
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[3] C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed.
Oxford: Clarendon press, 1892.
[4] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,”
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