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LANKESTERIANA 19(2): 125–193. 2019.
RUDOLF SCHLECHTER’S SOUTH-AMERICAN ORCHIDS
I. HISTORICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND
Carlos ossenbaCh1,2,4 & rudolf Jenny3
1Orquideario 25 de mayo, Sabanilla de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
2Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
3Jany Renz Herbarium, Swiss Orchid Foundation, Switzerland
4Corresponding author: caossenb@racsa.co.cr
abstraCt. This study represents the rst part of a series dedicated to the work of Rudolf Schlechter on the
orchid ora of South America. The historical background of Schlechter’s botanical activity is outlined, and
salient aspects of his biography, as well as his main scientic relationships, in particular with Oakes Ames,
and the origins of his interest in tropical America are discussed. We also present a complete bibliography
relative to Schlechter’s production on the orchid oras of South American countries, with his network of
orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors, and checklists of all the new taxa that he described from each
individual country.
Key words: bibliography, biography, history of botany, Orchidaceae, South America
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i2.38786
Received 23 July 2019; accepted for publication 24 August 2019. First published online: 29 August 2019.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivs 3.0 Costa Rica License.
Historical background1. One will hardly nd any
scholar who was such an ardent and unconditional
defender of Rudolf Schlechter as the late Karlheinz
Senghas (1928–2004), who made the study of
Schlechter’s work one of the goals of his life. Senghas
(2002: 1) answers the question about the most
important German orchidologists by using the term
“the three Popes” when referring to Heinrich Gustav
Reichenbach, or Reichenbach lius (1824–1899), from
Hamburg (Fig. 1A), Ernst Hugo Heinrich Ptzer (1846-
1906) from Heidelberg (Fig. 1B) and Friedrich Richard
Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925), from Berlin (Fig. 2).
Of these three, Rudolf Schlechter must be credited
with having described the largest number of new orchid
genera and species, monographic revisions of genera
and subtribes, and national and regional orchid oras.
The publication of Die Orchideen (1915) was, years
before the end of his scientic work, the crowning
moment of his career (Senghas, 2002: 1).
A man of egoistic self-condence and driving
ambition, Schlechter had an enormous capacity for
work and a remarkable memory; it is said that at an
early age he had set for himself the goal of describing
at least one new orchid every day and indeed he
proposed in excess of 5,000.
Schlechter was born on October 16, 1872 in Berlin,
the third of six children. His father, Hugo Schlechter,
was a lithographer. After nishing school at the
Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium, he started education in
horticulture, rst at the market garden of Mrs. Bluth and
then at the botanical garden of the University of Berlin.
There he worked as an assistant until the autumn of 1891,
when he left Europe on his rst botanical expedition to
southern Africa. He was only 19 years of age.
After arriving in Cape Town he worked as a
gardener and as an inspector of grape vines for
phylloxera. He then was employed as an assistant in
the private herbarium of Dr. Harry Bolus, where he
must have learned quite a bit about the local ora from
his employer2. Bolus’ herbarium was later acquired by
Cape Town University. From 1891–1892 Schlechter
collected plants in the surroundings of the city. After
leaving Bolus in 1892, he explored other regions in
the southern and eastern Cape, Transkei, Natal and
Transvaal until 1895, when he returned to Europe and
published his rst paper on the plant family to which
he would devote the rest of his life, the orchids3.
Schlechter returned to Europe with copious
collections of both asclepiads and orchids, on which
1 Many important facts about Schlechter’s life are based
on information in the National History Museum, 2013, as
well as on K. Senghas (2002: 1-10).
2 Bolus, together with John M. Wood, Peter Macowan, and
Rudolf Marloth, were known as the “Big Four of South-
African Botany”.
3 Schlechter, R. 1895. Beiträge zur Kenntnis neuer und
kritischer Orchideen aus Südafrika (Contributions to the
knowledge of new and critical orchids from South.Afri-
ca). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20, Beibl. 50: 1–44.
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he worked at the Botany Department of the British
Museum in London. There he established a relationship
with Alfred B. Rendle (1865–1938) (Fig. 3A). Together
they later researched on the Asclepidaceae of tropical
Africa4.
In 1896 Schlechter returned to southern Africa
and was joined by his brother Max, with whom he
travelled north to the Vanrhynsdorp district, returning
to Cape Town that September. Between November
1896 and April 1897, they collected northwards to the
Cedarberg and eastwards to Cape Agulhas. In August
1897 the two brothers set out for Namaqualand and
reached the Orange River at Ramansdrift. Schlechter
was then in Mozambique from late 1897 to early 1898.
Dr. S. Schonland, director of the Albany Museum in
Grahamstown (Eastern Cape Province), who received
plants from Schlechter, described him as the most acute
and most successful botanical collector who ever visited
South Africa (Schonland, 1897: 5). Schlechter returned
to the University of Berlin in April 1898, drained and
weakened by dysentery and tropical fevers. This was
nevertheles an important period for the young botanist,
for he was able to work with such renowned colleagues
as Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (1844–1930) (who
was his tutor while writing his Ph.D. thesis) (Fig.
3B–4), Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels (1874–1945)
(Fig. 4) and Otto Warburg (1859–1938) (Fig. 5A). It
was the latter, an economic botanist, who probably
saw that Schlechter was hired by the German Colonial
Department to lead an expedition to West Africa in
search of latex-producing plants (the Westafrikanische
Kautschuk-Expedition, 1899–1900) (Fig. 5B).
Over the next decades Schlechter was continuously
involved in expeditions, visiting Sumatra, Java,
Celebes, Borneo, New Guinea and Australia. In
1901–1903, again under contract with the Colonial
Department, he explored Malaysia, Indonesia,
German New Guinea and the South Sea islands. He
proceeded to Sydney and then New Caledonia in 1902,
figure 1. A - Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1824–1899). Courtesy of the Archives, Naturhistorisches Museums, Wien.
B - Ernst Hugo Heinrich Ptzer (1846–1906). Charcoal by Guido Philipp Schmidt.
4 Schlechter, R. & Rendle, A.B. 1896. New African Ascle-
piads. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 34: 97-100.
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ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
figure 2. Friedrich Wilhelm Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925). Archives of Rudolf Jenny.
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figure 3. A - Alfred Barton Rendle (1865–1938). Photograph by Walter Stoneman. B - Friedrich Gustav Adolf Engler
(1844–1930). Study of a portrait by William Page.
figure 4. Left to right: Ignaz Urban (1858–1931), Adolf Engler, Ludwig Diels (1874–1945). Archives of Rudolf Jenny.
LANKESTERIANA 19(2). 2019. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2019.
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ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
sailing back to Germany in 1903. After completing
his doctoral thesis on the phytogeography of New
Caledonia, he made another brief trip to West Africa
to assess progress with the cultivation of Silkrubber
(Funtumia elastica Stapf).
In 1906 he embarked on his longest and last
expedition, this time back to the Malay archipelago,
visiting Hong Kong, the Philippines, Sumatra, Borneo
and New Guinea (which served as his base). Although
he had been commissioned to establish a rubber
research station at the Papuan village of Bulu, it is
his botanical collections during this time for which he
is best remembered. In 1910 he was back in Berlin,
where he began his major work, Die Orchidaceen von
Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Published between 1911 and
1914, its 14 volumes numbered over 1,000 pages, in
which he described about 1,500 new orchid species.
Schlechter’s work had been preceded, after the
death of Reichenbach, by Ernst Hugo Heinrich Ptzer.
Ptzer, who since 1872 was professor and director of
the Botanical Garden of Königsberg (Prussia), and
dedicated himself to the classication of the Orchidaceae
and published his Beiträge zur Systematik der Orchideen
(Contributions to the Systematics of Orchids) in 1895.
Another contemporary of Schlechter was Friedrich
Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin (1847–1934) (Fig. 6).
studied chemistry and botany at Berlin and Königsberg,
receiving his Ph.D. in 1867. He later worked as an
assistant to Wilhelm Hofmeister in Heidelberg and
under Johannes von Hanstein at the University of Bonn.
From 1872 to 1906 he was a professor and director of
the botanical garden at Heidelberg. In the rst edition of
Die Natürlichen Panzenfamilien5 (The natural families
of plants), a work by Adolf Engler and Carl Prantl,
Kraenzlin collaborated on the treatment on orchids.
Kraenzlin’s work was, however, severely
criticized by many of his colleagues. Rudolf
Schlechter was no exception. Writing to Oakes
Ames on September 12, 1910, he gave his opinion
figure 5. A - Otto Warburg (1859–1938). Archives of Rudolf Jenny. B - Rudolf Schlechter in front of his tent in Kadyebi
(Togo), 1900. In Fibeck, 2012, part II: 169. l.
5 Engler, A. & Prantl, K. 1897-1915. Die natürlichen
Panzenfamilien. Engelmann, Leipzig.
on Kraenzlin’s monograph of Dendrobium: “I am
very curious to see what Kränzlin’s monograph of
Dendrobium will be like; from what I see in the Berlin
Herbarium in the way of his determinations there will
quite a lot of ridiculousness in it and this work will
be the crown of foolishness in a man who really has
not given a single usuable work to science in spite of
his long years of work. Sometimes it almost appears
to me as if he is not actually determinating his plants,
but rafing them out.” And Ames was equally critical.
On December 4, 1910 he replied to Schlechter on the
same subject: “I have just received Dr. Kränzlin’s
monograph of Dendrobium. I have not yet put it to
the test, but in several places I have detected errors
which are unpardonable and in every way avoidable.”
Between collecting trips Schlechter continued his
visits to London, always stopping in at the herbarium
at Kew and the British Museum. He was considered an
interesting gure, but being not respectful of persons
or things, he was apt to tread on other people’s feelings
and sensibilities. He was dogmatic in his convictions,
a characteristic which did not assist in making him
popular; but on the basis of his achievements and
experience, he was accorded great respect (Reinikka,
1995: 294). Frequent visits were also made to the
herbaria in Paris, Leiden, Brussels, and Vienna.
Shortly after his last expedition, Schlechter married
Alexandra Sobennikoff, the daughter of a Russian
merchant, with whom he raised two daughters. In 1925
he dedicated the Malagasy orchid genus Sobennikofa
to his wife.
Rudolf Schlechter became Secretary of the Orchid
Committee of the German Horticultural Society in
1914, and in 1915 editor of the journal Orchis. In
the same year he nished the publication of the last
fascicle of the rst edition of his Die Orchideen6, the
work that has made him famous to the present day.
The First World War interrupted Schlechter’s botanical
career as he served as ofcer in the German Army
during 1916 and 1917 (Fig. 7). After WWI and until
his death in 1925 Schlechter focused on expanding his
research collection of orchids.
His production of publications from his orchid
research reached its highest point during this period.
From a total of 333 publications by Schlechter, 233
were dedicated to Orchidaceae, with the description
of some 170 new genera and over 5,500 new orchid
species. Among his publications were descriptions of
new genera and species, multiple revisions of orchid
genera and 20 works about national and regional
orchid oras.
Schlechter spent the last 15 years of his career at the
Berlin Botanical Museum, where he became a curator
in 1921. He died at the relatively young age of 53, in
1925, apparently from the lingering effects of tropical
diseases he had contracted during his expeditions.
It was, however, fortunate that he did not live to see
the destruction of one of his greatest achievements:
his collections were destroyed along with the Berlin
herbarium by allied bombing on the night of March 1,
1943 (Fig. 8).
Rudolf Schlechter’s name lives on in the genera
Schlechteranthus Schwantes (Aizoaceae), Schlechteria
Bolus ex Schltr. (Brassicaceae), Schlechterella
K.Schum (Asclepidaceae), Schlechterina Harms
(Passioraceae) and Rudolella Hoehne (Orchidaceae).
Forty-one orchid species carry his name.
6 Schlechter, R. 1915. Die Orchideen: ihre Beschreibung,
Kultur und Züchtung. Handbuch für Orchideenliebhaber,
Züchter und Botaniker. Berlin, P. Parey.
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figure 6. Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin (1847–
1934). Archives of Rudolf Jenny.
figure 7. Rudolf Schlechter as infantry-ofcer, WWI. In Fibeck, 2014, part V: 59.
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ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
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Bibliographical background – Schlechter’s
interest in tropical America. Rudolf Schlechter’s
rst contact with the orchids of South America’s vast
territory (Fig. 9) was undoubtedly his study of the
large collections of orchids by Friedrich Carl Lehmann
(1850–1903) held by the British Museum in London.
Lehmann began to sell herbarium specimens to the
British Museum in 1888, and Robert A. Rolfe was
engaged in describing them at Kew. When Schlechter
arrived in London in 1898 after his rst South-
African expedition, the British Museum already had
a signicant number of Lehmann’s Colombian orchid
specimens, although Lehmann’s early collections
were buried in Vienna, together with the rest of
Reichenbach’s Herbarium. Rudolf Schlechter, in his
works of 1920 and 1924 on the Colombian orchid
ora, made frequent reference to specimens collected
by Lehmann.
Schlechter’s publications on orchids that refer
to South American orchids can be roughly divided
into four periods: the years before WWI, especially
those after his return from Papua & New Guinea in
1909 (21 publications); the war years (1914–1918,
30 publications); the postwar years, from 1919 to
his death in 1925 (44 publications). There were,
additionally, posthumous publications of his works by
his wife, Alexandra, Rudolf Mansfeld and others (17
publications).
Schlechter’s rst publication on tropical orchids
from the New World was a product of the return to
Germany of Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger (1876–1953),
who had travelled as a botanist with an expedition to
the Matto Grosso, Brazil, led by Dr. Hermann Meyer
(1871–1932), in the years 1899 and 1900. Pilger
worked at the Botanical Museum in Berlin on the
plants collected during his journey, contacting leading
specialists in the different plant families to assist him
in the determinations. Schlechter was chosen to work
on his favorite family, the Orchidaceae, in Pilger’s
Beitrag zur Flora von Mattogrosso (Pilger, 1901:
149–150) describing the relatively small number of 7
orchid species, of which only one (Habenaria pilgeri)
was new to science.
We nd the next two publications by Schlechter,
describing a few new orchid species from Brazil and
Colombia, ve years later, in 1906. We then have to
figure 8. Berlin Herbarium destroyed during WWII, 1943. Archives of Rudolf Jenny.
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figure 9. Map of South America by Harlan P. Beach, ca. 1900.
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wait until 1910 to hear from him again. This unusually
unproductive period has naturally to be ascribed to
Schlechter’s long expeditions to Africa, South-East
Asia, Australia, and Papua & New Guinea, which kept
him away from Berlin during the best part of the rst
decade of the 20th century. There was a brief interlude
from 1903 to 1906, the time he spent nishing his
studies in Berlin and receiving his Ph.D.
Correspondence between individuals has always
been one of the primary sources for those writing
on history. In our case, we can count ourselves
fortunate for being able to read and study the copious
correspondence between Rudolf Schlechter and Oakes
Ames (1874–1950) (Fig. 10) over a period of some
fteen years. This treasure is today well kept at the
Oakes Ames Herbarium of Harvard University. It is not
clear how Schlechter established the rst contact with
the great Harvard botanist, although it was presumably
through common acquaintances at Kew. Ames, when
writing about the destruction of the herbarium in
Berlin (1944) says that “nearly half a century ago my
acquaintance with Schlechter began.” This would
have been coincidental with Schlechter’s visit to Kew
after his rst African expedition, so it must have been
sometime between 1898 and 1900.
Over 350 pages of letters -mostly typed in the
case of Ames; always in his untidy handwriting
by Schlechter- give us an impressive insight into
each man’s particular circumstances and constitute
a detailed timeline, especially with regard to
Schlechter’s publications and his personal, difcult
circumstances. Although their relationship grew
through the years to one of deep friendship -to a point
where the biography of either botanist during this
period can only be written with constant mention of
the other- the differences in character, as well as in
economic and social standing, could hardly be more
extreme. Schlechter came from a middle-class family
and had to work his way up through untiring personal
effort; Ames was born into a family of millionaires,
the elite of the high socierty of New England (Fig.
11). Ames’ grandfather has been credited by many
historians as being the single most important inuence
in the building of the Union Pacic portion of the
transcontinental railroad. While Schlechter spent the
rst fteen years of his mature life in extensive and
exhausting expeditions through Africa, Southeast
Asia, and Australia, developing a deep understanding
of orchids in relation to their natural habitats, Ames
hardly ever left the sumptuous comfort of his native
Boston and his research on orchids was always based
on herbarium specimens of plants which he had
seldom seen growing in their natural habitats, or on
the few living plants growing in the Harvard Botanic
Garden.
Schlechter was an incredibly hard worker who
produced an average of over 20 publications per year,
including such major works as his Die Orchideen;
Ames, in his own words, was an intermittent worker
who wandered from the job, ‘a slave of inclination’
as he dened himself, for whom there were months
at a stretch when he considereed botanical work ‘a
perfected form of torture’. His literary production
-compared with that of Schlechter- was relatively
meager. Schlechter was the most important
orchidologist of his time, while Ames played a
relatively smaller role.
figure 10. Oakes Ames (1874–1950). Portrait by his wife,
Blanche Ames.
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ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
figure 11. A - Homestead of the Ames family, were Oakes Ames was born and lived in the rst years of his marriage
(North Easton, Massachusetts). B - Building on Neue Culmstrasse N°5a, where Schlechter lived around 1914 (Berlin-
Schöneberg). The building was heavily damaged during the war and rebuilt afterwards.
figure 12. Letter from Schlechter to Ames, Feb. 2, 1909: “I wish some American collectors would go to Venezuela and
Columbia, there would be a ne harvest to be got. […]”. In Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium, Harvard University.
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However, Ames amassed an orchid herbarium
which, before being integrated into the larger collection
of Harvard University, contained about 131,000 plant
specimens, around 3,000 owers in glycerin, 4,000
specimens in liquid and hundreds of line drawings that
supplemented the specimens. Part of this herbarium
were hundreds of duplicates and drawings received
from Schlechter, and later Mansfeld, before the tragic
bombing of the Berlin herbarium in 1943.
With time, Ames became instrumental in providing
his German counterpart with information about tropical
American orchids: over fteen years he exchanged
duplicates from his Central and South-American
herbarium specimens with Schlechter. One could say
that during important periods of their work on orchids,
Ames and Schlechter became indispensable to each
other.
The rst record of Schlechter’s correspondence
with Ames (August 3, 1908, from camp on Mount
Komi, in what is now Papua New Guinea) is a letter
in which he wrote: “I dare say I will be able to let
you have a rather large number of Orchid specimens
from here after my return to Europe and hope that you
will have to offer some Orchid-material from Tropical-
America in return, or perhaps the West-Indies?”. It is
the rst mention of Schlechter’s growing interest in the
orchids of the New World tropics. A few months later,
back in Germany, Schlechter wrote again (from Berlin,
February 2, 1909) “I wish some American collectors
would go to Venezuela and Columbia, there would be
a ne harvest to be got. Perhaps they are leaving it to
me yet […] If ever you visit Berlin when I am there you
will most probably be astonished to nd there in my
possession an Orchid-Herbarium which as to number
of specimens and condition of them especially can
well rival with these of big public institutions, as from
all my travels I have brought drawings of nearly all
species I got hold of. As I got most old world countries
pretty well represented now in my herbarium I am very
anxious to get especially Tropical-American and am
very pleased to exchange with you any material you
can spare from Central- and South America as well as
the West-Indies. […] Perhaps after a few years I will
make a trip to Tropical America myself to get things
better from there. However, this is not quite certain
yet“ (Fig. 12).
And then again (from Berlin, December 2, 1910):
“I am very keen on any material from Central- or South
America, as these countries are not well represented in
my herbarium. […] …you can perhaps get me New-
World-Orchids.”
Shortly after this letter Schlechter nally started to
work on South-American orchids. In yet another letter,
this time from Riga (Latvia), on August 27, 1912, he
told Ames: “At present I got some larger collections
from South-America, Madagascar and Borneo to go
through.”
From 1910 the years immediately preceding WWI
were immensely productive: Schlechter published
a total of 22 papers in which he described South
American orchids. As to Ames, Schlechter’s last letter
to him before the war was dated May 10, 1914. He
would not write again until Aug. 31, 1919.
A fortunate event for Schlechter was the publication
by botanist Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde (1873–1942)
(Fig. 13) of a long series of booklets under the general
title Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis
(Fig. 14A).
figure 13. Friedrich Karl Gustav Fedde (1873–1942).
Archives of Rudolf Jenny.
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ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
figure 14. A - Title page of Fedde’s Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. B - Title page of Orchis.
Fedde studied natural sciences, beginning in 1892
and graduating in 1896 in Breslau. After working as a
teacher in schools of higher learning in several German
cities, he became an associate at the Berlin Botanical
Museum in 1901 and a professor there in 1912. Fedde
took part in several collecting trips to Southern Europe,
Finland, and South Russia. Beginning in 1910, Fedde
would publish most of Schlechter’s works until the
latter’s death in 1925. Among the rst publications by
Fedde were Schlechter’s well-known series of articles:
Orchidaceae novae et criticae. In 21 of these articles
Schlechter described, among others, an important
number of new South-American orchid species.
The second most important journal that
published Schlechter’s works was Orchis (Fig. 14B)
(published from Vol.3, 1909, as part [Beilage] of
the journal Gartenora), the monthly journal of the
German Orchidological Society, from 1906 until its
disappearance in 1920, which was edited by Schlechter
himself. A total of 31 of his articles were published in
this periodical, among them his long series entitled
Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen (New and rare
garden orchids), in which he described dozens of new
orchids from Tropical America.
By 1914 Schlechter had already formed a ‘network’
of collaborators who supplied him with orchid species
for determination. At rst, his relations were with
important orchid growers and collectors in Germany,
such as Karl Wilhelm John in Andernach-on-the
Rhine, Otto Beyrodt in Marienfelde, the Gardens of
Herrenhausen in Hannover, Julius Wrede in Berlin-
Dahlem, Wilhelm Hennis in Hildesheim and Baron
Max von Fürstenberg, owner of an orchid collection
and President of the recently founded German Society
of Orchidology. From Ireland, he received plants from
Frederic W. Moore, curator of the Botanic Gardens
in Glasnevin. The legacy of Friedrich Carl Lehmann,
the German plant collector in Colombia who had died
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in 1903, was another important source of research
material. Contact with Oakes Ames at Harvard again
gave him the opportunity to receive more South-
American material through the exchange of his African
and Asian duplicates.
Among the rst collectors on American soil from
whom he received plants were Ernst Ule, who collected
in Brazil, Guayana, Venezuela and Peru, Christian
Theodor Koch (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela), Eugène
Langlassé (Colombia), Henrik Franz Alexander von
Eggers (Ecuador), Eugene Köhler (Peru), Carl Panz
(Bolivia), Otto August Buchtien (Bolivia), Robert
Statham Williams (Bolivia), Karl August Gustav
Fiebrig (Bolivia, Paraguay), Henri François Pittier
(Venezuela, Colombia), Theodor Carl Julius Herzog
(Bolivia, Argentina), Louis Mille and Luigi Aloysius
Sodiro (Ecuador), Per Karl Haljmar Dusen (Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, Paraguay), Georg Hans Emmo
Hieronymus, and H. Wendt (Argentina, Brazil). Quite
an impressive number of collectors and botanists, as
one can see.
Despite having to serve in the military,
Schlechter published an additional 28 papers in
the period between 1914 and 1919, a remarkable
number under the conditions in Germany during
those years. Noteworthy from that time were
Schlechter’s monographic treatments on a number
of orchid genera, among them Anguloa, Cycnoches,
Coryanthes, Laelia, Acineta, Aganisia, Cochlioda,
Houletia, and Brasssavola. Of great interest also was
his second regional ora (after Mattogrosso in 1901),
in which (1919) he determined Per Karl Dusen’s
orchid collections from the Brazilian province of
Paraná. The Notizblatt des Königlichen7 Botanischen
Gartens und Museums zu Berlin, edited by A. Engler
(Fig. 15A) (in its later years, 1918–1924, after the
abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II, simply Notizblatt
des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin)
was another important means for Schlechter to see
his works published.
figure 15. A - Title page of Notizblatt des Königlichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin. B - Title page of
Volume I of Schlechter’s Orchideenoren der Kordillerenstaaten, volume I (Venezuela).
A B
7 Königlich = Royal.
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139
ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
Schlechter complained in several of his writings
that because of the war he received very little new
material from collectors in America. This explains
the relatively small number of new species described
by him during that period. Nevertheless, manynew
names of orchid growers, collectors and botanists
appeared in this period among Schlechter’s orchid
suppliers to expand his already important ‘network’.
Among them, we count orchid growers Paul Wolter
in Magdeburg-Wilhelmsburg, R. Blossfeld in
Potsdam and Hartmann in Nieder-Höchstadt; and the
plant collectors Karl Immanuel Eberhard Ritter von
Goebel (Brazil), Johann Heinrich Rudolf Schenck
(Brazil), Emil Hassler (Paraguay, Guyana), and Carl
Grossmann (Brazil).
Immediately after the war, Schlechter began
to work on one of his most ambitious projects
regarding the orchids of Tropical America: his series
of publications about the orchid ora of the Andean
states (Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen
Kordillerenstatten).
Communications across the Atlantic slowly
resumed after the end of the war, and on August 31,
1919 Schlechter was once again able to correspond
with Ames: “At last there is a chance again to
communicate with foreign countries and so I will
take a chance to try to send you a letter. […] I expect
the enumeration of the Central-American orchids
will at present interest you most. But besides there is
in print […] an enumeration of the Orchid-Flora of
Venezuela … […] The Orchid-ora of Venezuela is an
enumeration of all the Orchids until now known from
there! A number of new species I have added, and
remarks on the features of the Orchid-ora. I have
found that such compilations are of the greatest use
and especially for the South-American Andes-states
they were badly needed. […] For Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru and Bolivia the manuscripts are nished too and
are going to be printed in the course of the next months.
This work has considerable widened my knowledge of
certain types, the more so as I have used the chances
to study enormous materials more closely.8 […] After
the publication of the Orchid-oras of the Andes-states
we will have a fair knowledge of the distribution of
the different types, the more so as I have been making
remarks in the general part on the distribution of each
species and the afnities of each ora.”
Volume I of Schlechter’s Orchideenoren der
Kordillerenstaaten (Fig. 15B) was nally published at
the end of 1919. A number of new names were added
to Schlechter’s “network”, among them Paul Rudolf
Preuss, O.K.S. Passarge and Selwyn, Salomon Briceño,
Everard Ferdinand Im Thurn, and F.V. McConnell and
J.J. Quelch.
In the same letter of August 31, 1919, Schlechter
described his personal difculties in a country that
was experiencing the trauma of the lost war: “the
difculties are numerous ones too, because now here in
Germany the educated people are in comparison with
the cost of daily life altogether underpaid and the costs
of printing have risen to about four times the costs of
before the war. I actually would best of all like to leave
Germany and go somewhere else where one would
have the chance to properly continue scientic work
under more favorable circumstances. But perhaps
things will develop yet again more favorably; until
now I can’t see very brightly into the future.”
South American orchids became the center of
Rudolf Schlechter’s attention during the following
months. In further letters to Ames he described
the progress and difculties of his project. So, on
September 24, 1919: “For my winter work I had
planned to determine the Colombian collections of
the U. S. National Herbarium and of the New York
Botanical Garden Herbarium. I wanted to do this
work in order to get my set of Lehmann orchids ready
for inclusion in my Herbarium. If your papers on the
Colombian orchids are ready soon, please send them to
me at your earliest convenience. They will save me the
work of searching the literature for a list of Colombian
species. I hope you have included, the numbers of
specimens you have examined in these lists of yours
and that you worked on the Lehmann collections.”
October 22, 1919: “My list of Colombian Orchids
is ready for print and I hope to bring the whole volume
out before the end of the year. […] I have described
8 Schlechter had studied the collections of Friedrich Lehm-
ann from Colombia and Ecuador. Lehmann communicat-
ed with Professor H.G. Reichenbach f., the leading orchid
taxonomist of the time, and after Reichenbach died in
1884, worked with Dr. F. Kraenzlin describing new spe-
cies of orchids from Colombia and Ecuador. He also sent
a large set of his collections to Kew, where many were
identied by Robert A. Rolfe.
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over 250 new Colombia Orchids and 5 or 6 new
genera. Quite a lot of Lehmann’s things are included
and the plants from Sta. Martha collected by H.H.
Smith… […] the more we progress with the printing
of the work the more difculties we have got to get
sufcient funds for the publications together. […]
Could you not perhaps interest some of the botanical
circles in your country, that they might supply us with
sufcient funds by suscribing for the publication of
these lists? […] These lists are going to be published
in ve parts under the title “Die Orchideenoren der
südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten” I. Venezuela,
II, Colombia, III Ecuador, IV Peru, V. Bolivia.”
An important role in Schlechter’s “network” was
played by Celestin Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916)
(Fig. 16), the great Belgian botanist and specialist
on South American orchids. Cogniaux had worked
for years with Adolf Engler (Director of the Berlin
Botanical Garden between 1889 and 1921) and Ignaz
Urban (1948–1931) (Fig. 4) (Assistant Director of
the Berlin Botanical Garden and Museum from 1889
to 1913), being in charge of the Orchidaceae in the
monumental Flora Brasiliensis and later the not less
important Symbolae Antillanae seu fundamenta Florae
Indiae Occidentalis. Engler and Urban also had close
working relations with Rudolf Schlechter. Therefore,
when Cogniaux had to retire because of his age and
health9, Schlechter took over as his logical successor,
describing the Orchidaceae in volume VII (fascicle IV,
August 1913) and volume VIII (fascicle I, February
1920) of the Symbolae Antillanae. Thus, on November
11, 1919, Schlechter was able to write to Ames: “I
have not made a list of the Lehmann determinations,
but Cogniaux before he died has sent me, as he
wished that I should continue his work on the South-
American orchids, a book in which he had entered all
the determinations that he has found of the different
collectors in literature and that he made himself.”
In the above-mentioned letter of August 31, 1919,
Schlechter proposed to Ames that they take part in a
new, ambitious project: a new and updated version of
John Lindley’s famous work, Folia Orchidaceae10: “In
fact, I very much hope that we will do yet a lot of work
under combined authorship. I am much reckoning
on you for the eventual cooperation on the ‘Folia
Orchidaceae’, because as such I would think it best to
bring out a future monograph of the Orchidaceae. This
has the advantage that one can choose the genera as
one has got material for the work.”
Schlechter wrote to Ames several times about
this idea until, after months of impatient pressure, on
April 23, 1920, Ames nally replied: “I am very much
interested in the new ‘FOLIA’. I would enjoy working
with you, although I am afraid that the difference in
our speed would throw the bulk of the labor on your
shoulders. I am an intermittent worker; that is I am a
slave of inclination, and there are months at a stretch
when I nd botanical work of any kind a perfected
form of torture. You might not enjoy collaboration with
a man who wanders from the job. […] I have in mind a
painstaking, thorough job of each genus or section of
a genus we attack. […] Although we would of course
9 In 1901 Cogniaux had retired from his chair in Natural
History at Verviers on a pension, which enabled him to
devote the whole of his time to botany. His latest com-
pleted work was on the orchids of the West Indies, which
came out in volume VI of the Symbolae Antillanae.
10 Lindley, J. 1852–1859. Folia Orchidacea. An Enumera-
tion of the Known Species of Orchids.
figure 16. Celestin Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916).
Unknown author.
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141
ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
work independently on the genera we undertook to
do, we ought to agree at the beginning that we would
submit our manuscript to the other man before nal
going to the press […].” This however could not stop
Schlechter, who replied on May 9, 1920: “What you
write about your own way of working intermittently
cannot hinder us. I am myself, this I know, a fairly hard
worker and will see to it that the work progresses. It
is my ambition, and I hope it will be yours too, that
we should be able to nish a monograph of all the
Orchidaceae before our lives are nished. […] For the
title of the work I would propose ‘Folia Orchidaceae’
by Oakes Ames and R. Schlechter”. And he continued:
“… my plans are the following. We could work out the
different genera separately, starting of course with
the smallest ones, but at the same time bringing out
now and then a larger one. The descriptions and the
general way of publishing should be similar to the one
adopted by Lindley, but each genus gets a systematical
number, for which, as they are now fairly known, with
slight alteration we could adapt the numbers as they
are given in my book ‘Die Orchideen’.”
Meanwhile, Schlechter continued working and
publishing on South American orchids. The remaining
years of his short life (1919–1925) were at the same
time among his most productive. A large number of
his publications during that period made reference to
South-American orchids. One of his most outstanding
accomplishments was the completion of his series
about the orchid oras of the Andean states, his
famous Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen
Kordillerenstaaten.
The above-mentioned volume I (Venezuela, 1919)
was followed in 1920 by volume II, Colombia; in 1921
by volumes III Ecuador and IV, Peru; and nally, in
1922, by volume V, Bolivia.
After nishing volume II, Schlechter ran out
of funds for the remaining three volumes. Having
received no answer to his petition to Ames of October
1919, Schlechter touched the same subject again on
December 17, 1920: “As I have written to you already,
my manuscripts with the compilations of the orchid
oras of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia are ready for print
since a long time. Printing costs have however got so
high here on account of our bad valuta, that Fedde
has no funds to go on with the publication. […] …at
the present state of our valuta this would roughly cost
about 450 Dollars […] Would it not be possible for you
to help me in this matter by recommending me perhaps
to some rm or by getting the suscriptions together?”
On January 8th, 1921 Ames replied: “Now with regard
to Dr. Fedde and the monographs of the orchids of
Ecuador, Bolivia, etc. I can advance $ 450 out of my
own pocket and if this suggestion meets with your
approval let me know and I will send you the amount.
If you approve of the suggestion perhaps you will see
to it that I receive my copies on a very high grade of
paper. I will give orders to have one hundred dollars
sent to you to-morrow. When you receive this you can
start printing and the balance will be forwarded when
I hear from you that my suggestion is welcome. I am
very anxious to help orchidology in every way and it is
a great pleasure to hasten the monographs to which you
have referred.” The arrangement was conrmed after
Schlechter had promised that the money would be well
applied (January. 27, 1921), and so Schlechter was able
to write in the epilogue of his Orchideenoren (Bolivia,
vol. V, 1922): “I was fortunate that Prof. Oakes Ames, in
Boston, put at my disposal the means which guaranteed
the completion of the printing of this work.” Ames
nally sent $210 to Schlechter to begin printing, the rest
came soon afterwards (Fig. 17).
Ames and Schlechter’s relationship lasted over
the years and it was undoubtedly a fruitful one. While
Ames had the economic means to pursue his interests,
from which Schlechter drew great benets, Schlechter
was the higher botanical authority in this partnership.
As an example of this, the International Plant Names
Index from Kew Botanic Gardens (status April 2019)
cites a total of 7,712 new species and combinations
described by Schlechter, while for Oakes Ames it
mentions just 1,627. Ames continuously sent orchid
specimens to Berlin for determination, and Schlechter
proted from Ames, who untiringly made the greatest
efforts to procure new orchid specimens: In a letter
dated June 25, 1921 Ames wrote: “I have just sent a
collector to South America with the Mulford Biological
Exploration Expedition to the Amazon basin11. This, I
am sure will be good news for you as there will be a
set of duplicates for your collection. As the expedition
11 Ames refers to Orland Emile White (1885–1972) from
the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, who was one of the two
botanists of the expedition, assisted by Martin Cárdenas,
a Bolivian botanist.
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figure 17. A - Carbon-copy of Ames’ check to Schlechter, Jan. 10, 1920 ($210 U.S: Dollar equivalent to 4,483 German
marks!).
figure 18. Ames’ proposed draft of a title page for the new “Folia Orchidacea”.
LANKESTERIANA 19(2). 2019. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2019.
143
ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
is to be in the eld for fteen months, most of the
time in unexplored territory, there should he some
new material for us.” At the same time, work on the
Folia Orchidaceae continued: on September 12, 1921,
Ames sent a draft of his proposed title page for the
Folia Orchidaceae: folia orChidaCeae / auCtoribus
/ oaKes ames et rudolf sChleChter / boston /
mCmxxi (Fig. 18).
In what would be his last trip outside of Germany,
again nanced by Ames, Schlechter spent two weeks
at the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, studying and
making tracings of Reichenbach’s orchid types from
the Philippines.
In March of 1922 Ames made the decision to
travel to Europe and meet Schlechter in person: “I
want to let you know that I have decided to sail for
England on June 28th, and that I am planning to
be in Berlin either in July or August. I feel that we
must discuss through some better medium than letters
the details of our proposed undertaking, therefore
I am coming to you, reluctantly on the one hand,
eagerly, on the other. To leave home now means many
sacrices. But I cannot see how we can arrive at a
working agreement without sitting face to face for a
while. And, furthermore, the pleasure and prot of a
meeting with you will repay me a thousandfold for
the penalties of travel and the loss of results to be
obtained by a summer of work at home.”
In August of 1922, Ames arrived in Berlin and had
nally the opportunity of meeting Rudolf Schlechter in
person. Ames described the moment with these words:
“In the Orchid Herbarium of Harvard University there
is a watercolor drawing which represents a ower of
Stanhopea Ruckeri. This drawing is, in my estimation,
of unusual interest because the original specimen from
which it was made was instrumental in introducing
Schlechter to me in a crowded railroad station in
Berlin (Fig. 19). At this time I lacked knowledge of
what Schlechter looked like, and he was in complete
ignorance of what I might look like. […] As I walked
along the platform I saw a man of medium height
coming toward me, pushing his way slowly through the
out-going crowd. He held a large spray of Stanhopea
Ruckeri in his outstreched hand. It was not necessary for
me to say: “Dr. Schlechter, I presume?”, The glorious
spray of Stanhopea Ruckeri was a auntig badge of his
identity” (Ames, 1944: 106).
Meanwhile, Schlechter’s ‘network’ continued
growing as new names were added to the already
long list of purveyors to his herbarium. Worthy
of mention are: Albert William Bartlett (British
Guiana), F. Schickendanz (Argentina), Wilhelm
Gustav Franz Herter, Georg Huebner, Joao Geraldo
Kuhlmann (Brazil), Herbert Huntington Smith, Erich
(Eric) Bungeroth, H. Hopf, Werner Hopp, Gustav
Schmidtchen, K. Sonntag, Richard Schnitter, M.A.
Stübel, Wilhelm Kalbreyer (Colombia), E. K. Köhler,
A. Köhler, Alexander Weberbauer, and Serafín
Filomeno (Peru) and Jose Steinbach (Bolivia).
Back to the Folia Orchidaceae. Progress was
seemingly slow. Impatiently, Schlechter wrote on
November 25, 1922: “What about our ‘Catalogue
of Orchids’, and what about the ‘Folia’? I am very
anxious to start.” But Ames did not have good news
for Schlechter. On December 14, 1922 he wrote:“[…]
the present time seems very unpropitious for any
figure 19. Stanhopea ruckeri. Watercolor in the Orchid
Herbarium of Harvard University. Archives of R. Jenny.
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heavy undertaking in the way of printing. […] a few
days ago I mailed to you a little pamphlet which I
had privately printed because our magazines are
very much hampered by the printing conditions in
this country and by a falling off of subscriptions with
increases in the cost to subscribers.” The situation
in the United States as well as in Germany did not
improve, and the project of a new Folia Orchidacea
was not mentioned again in Ames’ and Schlechter’s
correspondence, a correspondence that slowly started
to fade away. For the rst time there appeared disagree-
ment between the two botanists. In a letter dated
December 16, 1923, Ames complained12: “I am sorry
that your remarks under Epidendrum ionophlebium
on page 120, indicate that you regard my treatment
of E. Hoffmannii as breach of trust. Before going
to Europe in the summer of 1922, 1 devoted the
greater part of the winter of 1921 to a critical and
bibliographical study of Epidendrum, and it was at
this time, not after my return from Europe, that I
had arrived at the conclusions published in several
numbers of Schedulae Orchidianae. […] 1 have no
desire to forestall you or to use your condences
for publication. If that spirit had governed my
work I could have rushed into print with Powell’s
new species, long before you published your paper,
because I had a nearly complete set from the Kew
Herbarium in my possession at a time when Powell
had given me every reason to be hostile.”
A growing rivalry on Ames’ part can be found in
his correspondence with Charles H. Lankester (1879–
1969) (Fig. 20), a British subject who had arrived in
Costa Rica in 1900 and stayed in this country (with
brief interruptions) until his death. Lankester began
collecting orchids, of which Ames described over 100
species that were new to science. The same is the case
in Ames’ correspondence with Charles Wesley Powell
(1854–1927), an American orchid collector from
Panama’s Canal Zone.
A few phrases from Ames’ letters to Lankester
give a good idea of how, in Ames’ opinion, German
botany in general and Schlechter in particular were
endangering the supremacy of U.S. botany in tropical
America: “We must work fast if we hope to keep
abreast of the Germans. I was surprised to see how far
reaching their efforts have been to secure a monopoly
of tropical American species” (Sept. 17, 1922) …. “If
you decide to make specimens for me, please begin
as soon as possible. Time is very precious” (October
10, 1922). “I wish we could get out another number
of Sched. Orch. based on your work. We might beat
Schlechter and give him food for thought” (May 28,
1923).
As to his correspondence with Powell, Ames
wrote on September 14, 1921: “I understand that, you
are now sending specimens to Rudolf Schlechter of
Berlin. Although Dr. Schlechter and I are colleagues
and at this time are working jointly on a monograph
of the orchids of the world, it seems to me too bad
that American material should be sent abroad. We
surely can do the work in this country and I intend
to do my best to handle material that is sent in to me
for determination. Now that my poor friend Rolfe has
gone I feel that it is my duty to do my best to keep up
orchidology for English speaking people, not that I
think for a minute that science is national, but that I
dread to contemplate the future if our types are to be
buried in a foreign land.” To which Powell replied on
October 10: “Before replying to the main questions
12 Ames refers to Schlechter’s publication of 1923, Addita-
menta ad Orchideologiam Costaricensem. Repertorium
specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, XIX, Berlin.
figure 20. Charles H. Lankester (1879–1969) in his farm in
Costa Rica. Courtesy of Ricardo Lankester.
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145
ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids. I
in your letter of the 14th I wish to clear myself of
the unsaid, but the implied charge of unpatriotism
in sending my specimens to Europe instead of to the
U.S. I am a native of Virginia and my forbears have a
recorded and traceable history in that State since the
year 1635, hence I could not be unpatriotic.”
The misunderstanding was soon forgotten, but
Ames used every opportunity to keep Powell aware
of the German competition. December 12, 1922: “I
wish we could keep Schlechter out of the American
eld. Otherwise there is bound to be a great deal
of confusion owing to the simultaneous publication
of species. I hope you will come to agree with me
that it is for the best interests of American science
to dissuade correspondents from sending material
to Berlin.” Powell replied on December 20: “After
about a week I will write Dr Schlechter telling him
of our new arrangement, and that under it I feel
that I am under the obligation to send all future
specimens to you. This will give him time to receive
my letter of today with the money, and to put the
matter in the hands of the printers. Thus insuring
that he will not hold it up. Sub-rosa, I do not trust
the Germans, not to engage in a little spite work.”
Ames had won the game. Powell enclosed a draft
of the letter he intended to send to Schlechter: “My
dear Dr Schlechter: I have entered into a contract
with Dr Oakes Ames, of Boston, to make a complete
orchideological survey of the Isthmus of Panama -–
he nancing the undertaking. My men are now out
going thither and yon in pursuit of this end. As it
is incompatible with this contract that I should send
any specimens from this time to any other person or
garden than to him; specimens in future, can only be
procured from him.”
But these phrases can give us a wrong picture.
In spite of the growing rivalry, Ames respected and
admired Schlechter throughout his life. Let us see
other expressions, again in Ames’ correspondence with
Lankester: “From the South of France, Col. Godfrey
writes that Schlechter is seriously ill... I have not
heard from Schlechter for over four months, and I
had begun to fear that he was angry or in some way
provoked by some act of mine” (March 23, 1924).
Personal circumstances on both sides gave
additional motives for the lack of communication
between Ames and Schlechter, especially during the
year of 1924. On April 8, Schlechter explained: “I had
already for some time the intention to write to you.
My serious illness and feebleness has been preventing
me from doing it before now. […] It was not only the
sickness that gave me the knock-out, but also the
whole nancial disaster, which made us loose nearly
everything that one has had.” And Ames had reasons
of his own, as he made clear on January 20, 1925:
“My co-trustee in the estate created by my father,
suddenly and unexpectedly, committed suicide, about
the middle of September. This sad event threw on my
shoulders the full burden of business that is essential
to my family. I had to begin the disagreeable task of
spending most of my time in the city and in ofces.”
Finally, on December 3, 1925 came the tragic
news. Ames wrote to Lankester: “I should not have
begun this letter with a reference to myself. I should
have expressed to you my deep sorrow at the news
that came in this noon from Alexandra Schlechter.
Schlechter died early in November. I had known of
his illness and on the ninth of December I sent aid
to Mrs. Schlechter to meet the heavy burden of a
hospital bill. But I had been led to believe that there
were hopes for recovery. What a place the old world
is. There comes a time when death plays round us like
heat lightning. And then it begins to thin the ranks of
those we called friends. It is a wonder we are able to
carry on.”
During the last years of Schlechter’s life, Ames
received duplicates from Schlechter’s orchids (Fig.
21), and carried the cost of having pencil tracings
made from a great number of Schlechter’s orchid
types. It is due to this fortunate decision that an
important part of Schlechter’s material was preserved
and saved from the destruction of the Berlin Herbarium
in 1943. Hundreds of drawings were prepared under
Schlechter’s supervision. His wife, Alexandra, took
over after his death, and continued arranging to have
new tracings made according to Ames’ indications
(Fig. 22–23A–B). In Oakes Ames’ last letter to
Alexandra Schlechter, in the Harvard les, dated
February 14, 1926, he wrote: “I can not thank you
enough for the tracings of Stelis and Pleurothallis.
These are a valuable addition to my herbarium and
give me just the information I need to facilitate any
work on the Costa Rican orchid flora. I have a long
list of other species regarding which I would like
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to have similar information. Would it be too much
to ask of you, that you have tracings of then made?
Without tracings it will be difficult to ascertain the
finer details which are essential for satisfactory
work. Please help me if you can. I have underlined
the species which are important so that you can
select the ones to do first.” The letter ends with a
several-pages-long list containing Ames’ desiderata.
In her last recorded letter of June 25, 1926, Alexandra
answers: “I am very glad to hear the first tracings
reached you safely and have found your approval. I
hope by now you received the second letter with the
rest of the drawings. I am happy to having been able
to do something for you.”
Other images of Schlechter’s herbarium were
preserved in a unique type photograph collection
housed in the Field Museum of Natural History in
Chicago. The collection originated in 1929, when
James Francis Macbride, funded by the Rockefeller
Foundation, traveled to Europe to photograph
herbarium specimens of nomenclatural types. The
intent was to make the photographs available to
American botanists unable to nance travels to
European herbaria; the widespread adoption of the
loan process was not as fully developed as it is today,
necessitating travel for consultation.
Over a ten years, Macbride photographed type
specimens of tropical American plants at the following
major herbaria: Berlin, Copenhagen, Geneva, Hanover,
Hamburg, Madrid, Munich, Paris, and Vienna, using
Berlin-Dahlem and Geneva as bases of operation.
His sojourn in Europe resulted in more than 40,000
photographic negatives. Duplicate collections, types,
and type fragments of authentic material were selected
and sent to The Field Museum as exchange (Fig. 23C–
D, 24). The results were of immediate importance
to American systematic botany, but acquired added
meaning following the destruction of parts of some
European herbaria during World War II (Field Museum
of Natural History 2018).
A
figure 21. A - Isotype of Epidendrum juninense Schltr., presently at the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium. Originally
collectyed by A. Weberbauer in Peru. B - Isotype of Pachyphyllum breviconnatum Schltr., presently at the Oakes Ames
Orchid Herbarium. Originally collected by A. Weberbauer in Peru.
B
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147
ossenbaCh and Jenny — Rudold Schlechter’s South American orchids – I
figure 22. Drawing at the Oakes Ames Herbarium, prepared under Schlechter’s supervision, of the type of Ponthieva
orchioides Schltr. Originally collected by L. Mille in Ecuador.
A B
C D
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Left, figure 23. A - Drawing at the Oakes Ames Herbarium, prepared under Schlechter’s supervision, of the type of
Epidendrum bathyschistum Schltr. Originally collected by Moritz in Venezuela. The label reads: Drawing and Analyses
from Herb. Schlechter. Made under supervision of Rudolf Schlechter. B - Drawing at the Oakes Ames Herbarium,
prepared under Schlechter’s supervision, of the type of Epidendrum venezuelanum Schltr. Originally collected by K.
W. John. C - Elleanthus koehleri Schltr. D - Polystachya altilamellata Schltr. C, D: photographs of the types by J.F.
Macbride. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Both collected by E. Koehler in Peru.
Finally, additional photographs and some pages of
Schlechter’s original type-written manuscripts with the
description of new species have been preserved, i.e. at
the Geneva Delessert Herbarium.
After Schlechter’s death Rudolf Mansfeld (1901–
1960) (Fig. 25) edited a Figuren-Atlas (Fig. 26–27).
It contained 558 analytical drawings in 142 plates of
South American orchids new to science and described
by Schlechter in the ve volumes of his Orchideenoren
der Kordillerenstaaten; a further proof of his incredible
capacity of work. Mansfeld was for over twenty years
curator of the Botanical Garden and Museum of Berlin-
Dahlem, where he specialized in orchids and was
responsible for the publication of several of Schlechter’s
unnished works. In 1937 he suggested a revision of
Schlechter’s system13. Mansfeld’s ideas were, however,
largely ignored by the users of Schlechter’s system.
The deaths of Celestin A. Cogniaux in 1916 and of
Robert A. Rolfe in 1921, followed by that of Schlechter
in 1925, marked the beginning of the decline in
European orchidology. Europe’s dominant position
was slowly replaced by that of the United States, led by
Oakes Ames, and by over a dozen formidable botanists
and botanical institutions during the rest of the 20th
century.
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13 Mansfeld, R. 1937. Uber das System der Orchidaceae-
Monandrae. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Bot. Gartens &
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 666-676.
figure 24. Cyclopogon rimbachii Schltr. Photograph of the
type by J.F. Macbride. Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago. Collected by A. Rimbach in Ecuador.
figure 25. Rudolf Mansfeld (1901–1960). Archives of
Rudolf Jenny.
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Rudolf Schlechter’s publications on South
American Orchidaceae. The following is a list of
the complete publications by Rudolf Schlechter on the
Orchidaceae of South America. The list is organized
by countries, and divided in two sections: 1) national
and regional orchid oras, specic collectors; 2)
publications on specic orchid tribes and subtribes,
genera or species. Within each country, the
publications are in chronological order. In addition,
Schlechter’s collectors and other members of his
‘network’ are listed. Finally, we show the genera
and species new to science described by Schlechter
from each of the South American countries. Probably
neither list, whether of publications, collectors or
plant names, is complete. Although the authors have
made all efforts researching in available material, one
or the other name, or publication, may have escaped
their attention.
brazil (Fig. 28)
figure 26. Title page of Schlechter’s Figuren-Atlas. figure 27. Plate 99 of Schlechter’s Figuren-Atlas.
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1901 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae. In Pilger, R. Beitrag zur Flora von Mattogrosso. Botanischer Bericht über die Expedition
von Dr. Herrmann Meyer nach Central-Brasilien 1899. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Panzengeschichte
und Panzengeographie 30: 149–150.
1914 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae. In Pilger, R. Plantae Uleanae novae vel minus cognitae. Notizblatt des Königlichen
Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin, Vol. 6: 120–126.
1919–1920 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXX (Additamenta ad Orchideologiam Brasiliensem).
Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol.17: 267–272.
Schlechter, R. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Orchidaceenora von Paraná. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis., Vol. 35: 1–108.
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1922 Schlechter, R. & Hoehne, F.C. Contribuções ao Conhecimento das Orchidáceas do Brasil. Anexos das Memorias do
Instituto de Butantan: Seccao de Botanica 1(2): 5–48.
1922 Schlechter, R. Über einige interessante, neue Orchidaceen Brasiliens. Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de
Janeiro, vol. 3: 289–293.
figure 28. Map of Brazil and the Guyanas, 1855. Colton’s Atlas of the World Illustrating Physical and Political Geography,
Vol 1, New York.
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1925 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenora von Rio Grande do Sul. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol.
35: 1–108.
Schlechter, R. Beitraege zur Orchideenkunde des Amazonas-Gebietes, I. Orchidaceae Kuhlmannianae; II.
Orchidaceae Huebenerianae. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol. 42: 67–82; 82–150.
1926 Schlechter, R. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Orchidaceenora von Parana. II. Orchidaceae Hatschbachianae.
Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 23: 32–71.
Schlechter, R. & Hoehne, F.C. Contribuções ao Conhecimento das Orchidáceas do Brasil. Archivos de Botânica do
São Paulo 1: 203–216.
1929 Schlechter, R. Einige neue Orchideen des Itatiaya (Brasilien). Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol. 27: 296–301.
1940–1945 Hoehne, F.C. Flora Brasilica. Vol. 12(2): 378. Graphicars, Romiti & Lanzara, São Paulo.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1906 Schlechter, R. Ueber einige neue Orchidaceen. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol.1: 4–6.
Schlechter, R. Über eine neue Bifrenaria. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol.1, 1906–1907: 25
1910 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XI. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol. 8: 453.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XIV-XV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis.,
Vol. 8: 561.
1912-1913 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis.,
Vol.11: 41–47.
1914 Schlechter, R. Oncidium concolor Hook. und Oncidium ottonis Schltr., zwei nahe verwandte Arten. Orchis,
Mitteilungen des Orchideenausschusses der Deutschen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, vol. 8: 57–61.
Schlechter, R. Neu und seltene Gardenorchideen VI. Orchis, Mitteilungen des Orchideenausschusses der Deutschen
Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, vol. 8: 131–137.
1915 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen, VII. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 9: 56–60.
1917 Schlechter, R. Eine neue Laelia-Art. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde, Vol.11:
72–74.
Schlechter, R. Über eine neue Stanhopea-Art. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin - Dahlem,
Vol.6(62): 483-484.
1917–1919 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol. 16: 353–358.
1918 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, Vol.7 (66): 268–280.
Schlechter. R. Die Gattung Aganisia Ldl. und ihre Verwandten. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 12: 24-42.
Schlechter. R Die Gattung Restrepia H. B. u. Kth. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol. 15: 255-270.
1919 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Brassavola R. Br. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 13: 39-46; 56-62; 68-79.
Schlechter. R Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae. II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, Vol.7 (66): 323–330.
1919–1920 Schlechter R. Studium zur Klärung der Gattung Rodriguezia Ruiz et Pav. Repertorium specierum novarum
regni vegetabilis., Vol. 16: 416–417.
Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXVI-LXVII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis.,
Vol. 16: 437–450.
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1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXVIII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol.
17: 12–18.
1921 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXX. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 17:
267–272.
1921–1924 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae III. Notizblatt des Botanischen
Gartens und Museums zu Berlin - Dahlem, Vol. 8: 117–126.
1925 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXXVIII-LXXIX. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis, Vol. 21: 330–343.
Schlechter’s network in Brazil (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• aquino, Franzisco (?), collected 1921–1922.
• bello, O. (?), collected 1907.
• blossfeld, Robert (1882–1945), orchid grower in Potsdam.
• beyrodt, Otto (1879–1923). Orchid grower in Marienfelde, Germany, around 1900–1923.
• bornmüller, Alfred (1868–1947), collected 1904–1907.
• brade, Alexander Curt (1881–1871), collected 1910–1871.
• burger, L. (?), collected 1922.
• Campos porto, Paulo (1889–1968), collected 1917–1936.
• Christian, F. (?), collected ca. 1920.
• CzermaK, Josef (?), collected 1897–1899
• dusen, Per Karl Haljmar (1855–1856), collected 1895–1916.
• dutra, João (1862–1939), collected 1925.
• fürstenberg, Baron Max (Maximilian) von (1866–1925), owner of an orchid collection ca. 1900–1910.
• gehrt, August (?), assistant to F.C. Hoehne, collected 1917.
• goebel, Karl Immanuel Eberhard Ritter von (1855–1932), collected 1890–1913.
• grossmann, Carl (?), collected 1903–1908.
• hatsChbaCh sobrinho, Albino (1890–1974). collected 1919–1925.
• hennis, Wilhelm (1856–1943), orchid grower in Hildesheim.
• herter, Wilhelm Gustav Franz (1884–1958), collected 1913–1934.
• hoehne, Frederico Carlos (1882–1959), collected 1911–1938.
• hübner, Georg August Eduard, (1862–1935), collected 1920–1929.
• John, Karl Wilhelm (?). Orchid grower in Andernach-on-the Rhine, Germany, around 1910.
• Jürgens, Carlos (?), collected 1906–1921.
• Kley, Urbano (?), collected 1910–1920.
• KoCh, Christian Theodor (1872–1924), collected 1904–1913.
• Kuhlmann, João Geraldo (1882–1948), collected 1912–1943.
• lützelburg, Phillip von (1880–1948), collected 1913–1934.
• magalhães gomes, Carlos Thomas (1855–1944), collected 1894.
• moura, Juliano Trajano (1867–?), collected 1888–1890.
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• pilger, Robert Knud Friedrich (1876–1953), collected 1899–1900.
• reineCK, Eduard Martin (1869–1931), collected 1899–1908.
• sChenCK, Johann Heinrich Rudolf (1860–1927), collected 1886–1887.
• sChnittmeyer, Max (?), collected 1916.
• sChwaCKe, Karl August Wilhelm (1848–1904), collected 1889.
• ule, Ernst Heinrich Georg (1854–1915), collected 1893–1912.
• wendt, H. (?), collected 1907–1912.
• wettstein, Richard (1863–1931), collected 1901.
• zehntner, Leo (?), collected 1912.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Brazil (Dusen & Schltr. / Schltr. & Campos Porto / Hoehne &
Schltr./ Schltr. ex Hoehne/ Schltr. ex Mansf. / Schltr. ex Pabst, in some cases)
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Brazil, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
New orchid genera
Centrogenium Schltr.
Cladobium Schltr.
Fractiunguis Schltr.
Huebneria Schltr.
Leaoa Schltr. & Campos-Porto
Lyroglossa Schltr.
Mesadenus Schltr.
Otostylis Schltr.
Pseudostelis Schltr.
Pteroglossa Schltr.
Rodrigueziopsis Schltr.
Tracheosiphon Schltr.
Xerorchis Schltr.
New orchid species
Aganisia brachypoda Schltr.
Bifrenaria fuerstenbergiana Schltr.
Bipinnula ctenopetala Schltr.
Brassavola multiora Schltr.
Brassia angustilabia Schltr.
Brassia huebneri Schltr.
Brassia iguapoana Schltr.
Brachystele bracteosa Schltr.
Brachystele spiranthoides Schltr. ex Mansf.
Bulbophyllum paranaense Schltr.
Bulbophyllum perii Schltr.
Camaridium amazonicum Schltr.
Camaridium vandiforme Schltr.
Campylocentrum dutraei Schltr.
Campylocentrum hatschbachii Schltr.
Campylocentrum pubirhachis Schltr.
Campylocentrum zehntneri Schltr.
Capanemia angustilabia Schltr.
Capanemia hatschbachii Schltr.
Capanemia juergensiana Schltr.
Capanemia paranaensis Schltr.
Capanemia perpusilla Schltr.
Catasetum appendiculatum Schltr.
Catasetum brachybulbon Schltr.
Catasetum colossus Schltr.
Catasetum huebneri Schltr.
Catasetum linguiferum Schltr.
Catasetum mocuranum Schltr.
Catasetum negrense Schltr.
Catasetum polydactylon Schltr.
Centrogenium macrophyllum Schltr.
Cleistes australis Schltr.
Cranichis bradei Schltr.
Cryptophoranthus dusenii Schltr.
Cryptophoranthus juergensii Schltr.
Cryptophoranthus similis Schltr.
Cyanaeorchis minor Schltr.
Cyclopogon aphyllus Schltr.
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Cyclopogon bradei Schltr.
Cyclopogon dusenii Schltr.
Cyclopogon dutraei Schltr.
Cyclopogon graciliscapa Schltr.
Cyclopogon hatschbachii Schltr.
Cyclopogon iguapensis Schltr.
Cyclopogon langei Schltr.
Cyclopogon multiorus Schltr.
Cyclopogon paulensis Schltr.
Cyclopogon platyunguis Schltr.
Cyclopogon saxicolus Schltr.
Cyclopogon subalpestris Schltr.
Cyclopogon trifasciatus Schltr.
Cyrtopodium falcilobum Hoehne & Schltr.
Cyrtopodium dusenii Schltr.
Cyrtopodium lissochiloides Hoehene &Schltr.
Cyrtopodium paranaense Schltr.
Diacrium amazonicum Schltr.
Dichaea cogniauxiana Schltr.
Dipteranthus bradei Schltr.
Elleanthus pusillus Schltr.
Encyclia acuta Schltr.
Encyclia abellifera Hoehne & Schltr.
Encyclia huebneri Schltr.
Encyclia laxa Schltr.
Encyclia oxyphylla Schltr.
Encyclia tarumana Schltr.
Epidendrum alexandri Schltr.
Epidendrum amazonicum Schltr.
Epidendrum burgeri Schltr.
Epidendrum goebelii Schltr.
Epidendrum hatschbachii Schltr.
Epidendrum huebneri Schltr.
Epidendrum iguapensis Schltr.
Epidendrum kuhlmannii Schltr.
Epidendrum magelhaesi Schltr.
Epidendrum minarum Hoehne & Schltr.
Epidendrum pedale Schltr.
Epidendrum pseudodifforme Hoehne & Schltr.
Epidendrum regnellianum Hoehne & Schltr.
Epidendrum versicolor Hoehne & Schltr.
Fractiunguis brasiliensis Schltr.
Galeandra captoceras Schltr.
Galeandra huebneri Schltr.
Galeandra paranaensis Schltr.
Galeottia negrensis Schltr.
Habenaria achroantha Schltr.
Habenaria amazonica Schltr.
Habenaria bahiensis Schltr.
Habenaria belloi Schltr.
Habenaria bradei Schltr.
Habenaria butantanensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Habenaria campos-portoi Schltr.
Habenaria christiani Schltr.
Habenaria crassipes Schltr.
Habenaria culmiformis Schltr.
Habenaria duckeana Schltr.
Habenaria dusenii Schltr.
Habenaria dutraei Schltr.
Habenaria edentula Schltr.
Habenaria accifolia Schltr.
Habenaria geehrtii Hoehne & Schltr.
Habenaria georgii Schltr.
Habenaria heleogena Schltr.
Habenaria heterophylla Schltr.
Habenaria hoehnei Schltr.
Habenaria itatiayae Schltr.
Habenaria juergensii Schltr.
Habenaria kleyi Schltr.
Habenaria kuhlmannii Schltr.
Habenaria leaoana Schltr.
Habenaria luetzelburgii Schltr.
Habenaria marupaana Schltr.
Habenaria melanopoda Hoehne & Schltr.
Habenaria minarum Hoehne & Schltr.
Habenaria nana Schltr.
Habenaria ovatipetala Schltr.
Habenaria pilgeri Schltr.
Habenaria pleiophylla Hoehne & Schltr. (Fig. 29)
Habenaria polygonoides Schltr.
Habenaria polyrhiza Schltr.
Habenaria rolfeana Schltr.
Habenaria sampaioana Schltr.
Habenaria sartoroides Schltr.
Habenaria sceptrum Schltr.
Habenaria schnittmeyeri Schltr.
Habenaria staminodiata Schltr.
Habenaria trimeropetala Schltr.
Habenaria verecunda Schltr.
Hexadesmia cearensis Schltr.
Isochilus brasiliensis Schltr.
Koellensteinia hyacinthoides Schltr.
Laelia bahiensis Schltr.
Laelia sincorana Schltr.
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Masdevallia huebneri Schltr.
Masdevallia paranensis Schltr.
Maxillaria amazonica Schltr.
Maxillaria bradei Schltr. ex Hoehne
Maxillaria hatschbachii Schltr.
Maxillaria hedyosma Schltr.
Maxillaria hoehnei Schltr.
Maxillaria huebneri Schltr.
Maxillaria iguapensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Maxillaria juergensii Schltr.
figure 29. Habenaria pleiophylla Hoehne & Schltr. In Anexos das Memorias do Instituto de Butantan, Seccao de Botanica,
vol. I, fasc. II: table IV.
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Maxillaria lactea Schltr.
Maxillaria pachyphylla Schltr. ex Hoehne
Maxillaria petiolaris Schltr.
Maxillaria taracuana Schltr.
Microstylis muelleri Schltr.
Microstylis ovatilabia Schltr.
Microstylis pabstii Schltr.
Microstylis paranaensis Schltr.
Mormodes aurantiacum Schltr.
Neobartlettia kuhlmanii Schltr.
Notylia exuosa Schltr.
Notylia longispicata Hoehne & Schltr.
Notylia platyglossa Schltr.
Octomeria albiora Hoehne & Schltr.
Octomeria alexandri Schltr.
Octomeria brachypetala Schltr.
Octomeria bradei Schltr.
Octomeria campos-portoi Schltr.
Octomeria dusenii Schltr.
Octomeria elobata Schltr. ex Pabst
Octomeria brifera Schltr.
Octomeria gehrtii Hoehne & Schltr.
Octomeria gracilicaulis Schltr.
Octomeria hatschbachii Schltr.
Octomeria hoehnei Schltr.
Octomeria iguapensis Schltr.
Octomeria irrorata Schltr.
Octomeria juergensii Schltr.
Octomeria lacerata Hoehne & Schltr.
Octomeria rhodoglossa Schltr.
Octomeria riograndensis Schltr.
Octomeria serpens Schltr.
Octomeria similis Schltr.
Octomeria taracuana Schltr.
Octomeria umbonulata Schltr.
Octomeria unguiculata Schltr.
Oncidium aberrans Schltr.
Oncidium albinoi Schltr.
Oncidium beyrodtianum Schltr.
Oncidium blossfeldianum Schltr.
Oncidium cogniauxianum Schltr.
Oncidium hatschbachii Schltr.
Oncidium hoehnianum Schltr. ex Mansf.
Oncidium johnianum Schltr.
Oncidium mixtum Schltr.
Oncidium ottonis Schltr.
Oncidium patulum Schltr.
Oncidium psyche Schltr.
Oncidium reisii Hoehne & Schltr.
Oncidium rhynchophorum Schltr. ex Hoehne
Oncidium zikanianum Hoehne & Schltr.
Ornithocephalus brachystachyus Schltr.
Ornithocephalus myrtiphyllus Schlt. ex Hoehne
Paradisianthus neglectus Schltr.
Pelexia bradei Schltr. ex Mansf.
Pelexia burgeri Schltr.
Pelexia dolichorhiza Schltr.
Pelexia gracilis Schltr.
Pelexia incurvidens Schltr.
Pelexia itatiayae Schltr.
Pelexia laminata Schltr.
Pelexia luetzelburgii Schltr.
Pelexia mouraei Schltr.
Pelexia polyantha Schltr. ex Mansf.
Pelexia sceptrum Schltr.
Pelexia stictophylla Schltr.
Pelexia tenuior Schltr.
Phymatidium aquinoi Schltr.
Phymatidium herteri Schltr.
Physosiphon bradei Schltr.
Physurus bidentiferus Schltr.
Physurus foliosus Schltr. ex Porto & Brade
Physurus longicalcaratus Schltr.
Physurus macer Hoehne & Schltr.
Platyrhiza juergensii Schltr.
Pleurothallis albipetala Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis alexandri Schltr.
Pleurothallis aquinoi Schltr.
Pleurothallis auriculigera Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis barbosae Schltr.
Pleurothallis biglandulosa Schltr.
Pleurothallis bradei Schltr.
Pleurothallis butantanensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis caldensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis caroli Schltr.
Pleurothallis cearensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis ciliolata Schltr.
Pleurothallis corticicola Schltr. ex Hoehne
Pleurothallis curitybensis Schltr. ex Mans.
Pleurothallis curtii Schltr.
Pleurothallis dryadum Schltr.
Pleurothallis edwallii Dusen & Schltr.
Pleurothallis gehrtii Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis hatschbachii Schltr.
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figure 30. Xerorchis amazonica Schltr. Photograph of a specimen collected by E. Ule in Brazil, analytical drawing by
R. Schlechter and Schlechter’s original type-written manuscript of the description of the new species. Rockefeller
Foundation.
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Pleurothallis hoehnei Schltr.
Pleurothallis huebneri Schltr.
Pleurothallis iguapensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis incurvidens Schltr.
Pleurothallis insularis Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis ipyrangana Schltr.
Pleurothallis juergensii Schltr.
Pleurothallis lamproglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis lepthantipoda Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis leucorhoda Schltr.
Pleurothallis margaritifera Schltr.
Pleurothallis microblephara Schltr.
Pleurothallis microgemma Schltr. ex Hoehne
Pleurothallis microtis Schltr.
Pleurothallis mirabilis Schltr.
Pleurothallis pauloensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis petersiana Schltr.
Pleurothallis rhabdosepala Schltr.
Pleurothallis sororcula Schltr.
Pleurothallis sparsiora Schltr.
Pleurothallis stictophylla Schltr.
Pleurothallis subpicta Schltr.
Pleurothallis succedaneae Hoehne & Schltr.
Pleurothallis taracuana Schltr.
Pleurothallis transparens Schltr.
Pleurothallis vellozoana Schltr.
Pleurothallis vinosa Hoehne & Schltr.
Pogonia calantha Schltr.
Pogonia fragrans Schltr.
Pogonia humidicola Schltr.
Pogonia magnica Schltr.
Pogonia paulensis Schltr.
Polystachya amazonica Schltr.
Polystachya bradei Schltr. ex Mansf.
Polystachya edwallii Hoehne & Schltr.
Polystachya juergensii Schltr.
Polystachya huebneri Schltr.
Polystachya micrantha Schltr.
Polystachya stenophylla Schltr.
Promenaea acuminata Schltr.
Promenaea albescens Schltr.
Promenaea catharinensis Schltr.
Promenaea dusenii Schltr.
Promenaea fuerstenbergiana Schltr.
Promenaea malmquistiana Schltr.
Promenaea paranaensis Schltr.
Promenaea paulensis Schltr.
Promenaea polysphaera Schltr.
Promenaea riograndensis Schltr.
Promenaea stricta Schltr.
Promenaea truncicola Schltr.
Pseudostelis bradei Schltr.
Rodriguezia huebneri Schltr.
Rodriguezia minor Schltr.
Sarcoglottis albios Schltr. ex Hoehne
Sarcoglottis alexandri Schltr. ex Mansf.
Sarcoglottis glaucescens Schltr.
Sarcoglottis juergensii Schltr.
Sarcoglottis tenuis Schltr.
Scaphyglottis amazonica Schltr.
Scaphyglottis huebneri Schltr.
Scaphyglottis ochroleuca Schltr.
Sigmatostalix amazonica Schltr.
Spiranthes sincorensis Schltr.
Stanhopea minor Schltr.
Stelis aquinoana Schltr.
Stelis calotricha Schltr.
Stelis castanea Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis diaphana Schltr.
Stelis fragrans Schltr.
Stelis hoehnei Schltr.
Stelis huebneri Schltr.
Stelis inaequisepala Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis itatiayae Schltr.
Stelis juergensii Schltr.
Stelis macrochlamys Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis microphylla Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis paoloensis Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis porschiana Schltr.
Stelis peterostele Hoehne & Schltr.
Stelis robusta Schltr.
Stelis schenckii Schltr.
Stelis thermophilla Schltr.
Stelis wettsteiniana Schltr.
Stenorrhynchos bradei Schltr.
Stenorrhynchos foliosus Schltr.
Trachelosiphon paranaense Schltr.
Triphora amazonica Schltr.
Triphora duckei Schltr.
Vanilla angustipetala Schltr.
Vanilla bradei Schltr. ex Mansf.
Xerorchis amazonica Schltr. (Fig. 30)
Zygostates aquinoi Schltr.
Zygostates paranaensis Schltr.
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the guyanas (Fig. 28)
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1910–1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVI-XVII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis, Vol.10: 21–32.
1901 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae. In Pilger, R. Beitrag zur Flora von Mattogrosso. Botanischer Bericht über die Expedition
von Dr. Herrmann Meyer nach Central-Brasilien 1899. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Panzengeschichte
und Panzengeographie 30: 149–150.
1914 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae. In Pilger, R. Plantae Uleanae novae vel minus cognitae. Notizblatt des Königlichen
Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin, Vol. 6: 120–126.
1917–1919 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis.,
Vol. 16: 353–358.
1918 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Aganisia Ldl. und ihre Verwandten. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 12: 24–42.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
Schlechter, R. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Orchidaceenora von Paraná. Repertorium specierum Repertorium
specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol. 35: 1–108.
Schlechter’s network in Guyana (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• bartlett, Albert William (1875/76–1943), collected 1905–1906.
• fiebrig, Karl August Gustav (1879–1951), collected 1902–1950.
• hassler, Emil (1864–1937), collected 1895–1909, 1914, 1920–1937.
• im thurn, Everard Ferdinand (1852–1932), collected 1884–1906.
• goebel, Karl Immanuel Eberhard Ritter von (1855–1932), collected 1890–1913.
• mCConnell, Frederick Vavasour (1868–1914), collected 1891–1898.
• ule, Ernst Heinrich Georg (1854–1915), collected 1893–1912.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from the Guyanas
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from the Guyanas, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
New orchid genera
Neobartlettia Schltr. Otostylis Schtr.
New orchid species
Epidendrum ulei Schltr.
Habenaria arecunarum Schltr.
Habenaria ernestii Schltr.
Koellensteinia roraimae Schltr.
Maxillaria rugosa Schltr.
Neobartlettia guianensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis stenocardium Schltr. (Fig. 31)
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figure 31. Isotype of Pleurothallis stenocardium Schltr., collected by E. Ule in British Guyana with drawing of type by C.
Schweinfurth (?).
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Venezuela (Fig. 32)
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1919 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. I. Venezuela. Repertorium specierum
novarum regni vegetabilis, Beihefte, vol.6: 1–100.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1918–1919 Schlechter, R. Zwei interessante Gattungen der Spiranthinae. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis, vol. 15: 416–417.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
Schlechter’s network in Venezuela (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• beyrodt, Otto (1879–1923), orchid grower in Marienfelde, Germany, around 1900–1923.
• briCeño gabaldón, Salomón (1826–1912), collected from early 1870s on.
• goebel, Karl Immanuel Eberhard Ritter von (1855–1932), collected 1890–1913.
• im thurn, Everard Ferdinand (1852–1932), German Caura Expedition, collected 1884–1906.
figure 32. Map of Venezuela, 1900. Unknown author.
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Centrogenium Schltr. Discyphus Schltr.
New orchid species
Bletia pittieri
Bletia stenophylla Schltr.
Comparettia venezuelana Schltr. (Fig. 33)
Cranichis fendleri Schltr.
Cyrtopodium naiguatae Schltr.
Diacrium venezuelanum Schltr.
• John, Karl Wilhelm (?), orchid grower in Andernach-on-the Rhine, Germany, around 1910.
• mCConnell, Frederick Vavasour (1868–1914), collected 1891–1898.
• passarge, Otto Karl Siegfried (1867–1958) and Selwyn, Jasper Henry (1819–1902), collected 1901–1902
• pittier, Henri (1857–1950), collected ca. 1905–1950.
• preuss, Paul Rudolf (1861–1926), collected 1899–1902.
• ule, Ernst Heinrich Georg (1854–1915), collected 1893–1912.
• wolter, Paul (1862–1942), orchid grower in Magdeburg-Wilhelmsburg.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Venezuela (Schlechter ex Knuoctomeriath in some cases)
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Venezuela, as enumerated
in the aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
New orchid genera
figure 33. Drawing of type of Comparettia venezuelana
Schltr., made under Schlechter’s supervision. Nr. 26785
– Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
figure 34. Specimen and drawing of type of Notylia
venezuelana Schltr., made under Schlechter’s supervi-
sion. Nr. 26784 – Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
Elleanthus galipanensis Schltr.
Encyclia leucantha Schltr.
Encyclia recurvata Schltr.
Epidendrum bathyschistum Schltr.
Epidendrum ernstii Schltr.
Epidendrum laetum Schltr.
Epidendrum pachyanthum Schltr.
Epidendrum tricallosum Schltr.
Epidendrum venezuelanum Schltr.
Gomphichis gracilis Schltr.
Govenia ernstii Schltr.
Habenaria caracasana Schltr.
Habenaria ernstii Schltr.
Habenaria gollmeri Schltr.
Hapalorchis cheirostyloides Schltr.
Liparis fendleri Schltr.
Microstylis johniana Schltr.
Notylia venezuelana Schltr. (Fig. 34)
Physurus pittieri Schltr.
Physurus venezuelanus Schltr. ex P. Knuth
Pleurothallis insconspicuiora Schltr. ex P. Knuth
Pleurothallis intermedia Schltr.
Pleurothallis nephrocardia Schltr.
Pogonia nana Schltr.
Scaphosepalum trachypus Schltr.
Stelis amblyophila Schltr.
Stelis calceolus Schltr.
Stelis covilleana Schltr. ex Kunth
Stelis pittieri Schltr. ex Kunth
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Colombia (Fig. 35)
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1920 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. II. Colombia. Repertorium specierum
novarum regni vegetabilis, Beihefte, Vol.7: 1–301.
1924 Schlechter, R. Beiträge zur Orchideenkunde von Colombia. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Beihefte, Vol. 27: 1–182.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1906 Schlechter, R. Über einige neue Orchidaceen. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol.1: 25.
1910 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XIV-XV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis.,
Vol. 8, 1910: 561–572.
1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVI-XVII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol.10: 21–32.
Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Gartenorchideen. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol.5: 58–62.
1912 Schlechter, R. 1912. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen III, IV & V. Orchis, Mitteilungen des Orchideenausschusses
der Deutschen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, vol. 6: 6–10, 63–69, 112–119.
1913 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXXIX. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol.12: 212–246.
1914 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Züchtung Handbuch für Orchideenliebhaber,
Kultivateure und Botaniker.
1915 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen, VIII. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, vol. 9: 49–54.
Schlechter, R. Die Orchideen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Züchtung Handbuch für Orchideenliebhaber,
Kultivateure und Botaniker. Verlagsnbuchhandlung Paul Parey, Berlin.
1916 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen, X. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, vol. 10: 183–190.
1917 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Acineta Ldl. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde, Vol.
11: 21–48.
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figure 35. Map of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Edward Stanford, London, 192?.
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1918 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, Vol.7 (66): 268–280.
1919 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, vol.7: 323–330.
Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Cochlioda Ldl. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 13: 3–10.
1919–1920 Schlechter. R. Ueber einige neue Orchidaceen aus Colombia. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums
zu Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 7: 527–-532.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
1921–1924 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae III. Notizblatt des Botanischen
Gartens und Museums zu Berlin - Dahlem, Vol. 8: 117–126.
1918 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, Vol.7 (66): 268–280.
1919 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem, vol.7: 323–330.
Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Cochlioda Ldl.. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 13: 3–10.
1919–1920 Schlechter. R. Ueber einige neue Orchidaceen aus Colombia. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums
zu Berlin - Dahlem, vol. 7: 527–532.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
1921–1924 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae, in caldariis Horti Dahlemensis cultae III. Notizblatt des Botanischen
Gartens und Museums zu Berlin - Dahlem, Vol. 8: 117–126.
Schlechter’s network in Colombia (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• beyrodt, Otto (1879–1923), orchid grower in Marienfelde, Germany, around 1900–1923.
• bungeroth, E. (?–1937), collected in Bucaramanga.
• fürstenberg, Baron Max (Maximilian) von (1866–1925), owner of an orchid collection ca. 1900–1910.
• John, Karl Wilhelm (?), orchid grower in Andernach-on-the Rhine, Germany, around 1910.
• hartmann (?), orchid grower in Lindenhaus, Niederhöchstadt, Taunus, Germany
• hennis, Wilhelm (1856–1943), orchid grower in Hildesheim.
• herrenhausen, Gardens of, Hannover.
• hopf, H. (?), collected 1923.
• hopp, Werner (1887–?), collected 1921 (with Santiago aréValo).
• Kalbreyer, Wilhelm (1847–1912), collected 1877-1912.
• langlassé, Eugène (1865–1900), collected 1898–1900.
• lehmann, Friedrich Carl (1850–1903), collected 1867–1903.
• madero, M. (?), collector in Antioquía and Cauca 1910.
• pittier, Henri (1857–1950), collected ca. 1905–1950.
• sChmidtChen, Gustav (?), collected ca. 1923.
• sChnitter, R. (?), collected 1920–1921.
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Antosiphon Schltr.
Caucaea Schltr.
Centrogenium Schltr.
Cirtoglottis Schltr.
Cyrtidium Schltr.
Monophyllorchis Schltr.
Porroglossum Schltr.
Roezliella Schltr.
Sphyrastylis Schltr.
Symphyglossum Schltr.
Warreella Schltr.
New orchid species
Aa colombiana Schltr.
Aa denticulata Schltr.
Aa maderoi Schltr.
Aa nigrescens Schltr.
Acineta antioquiae Schltr.
Acineta arcuata Schltr.
Acineta beyrodtiana Schltr.
Acineta gymnostele Schltr.
Acineta hennisiana Schltr.
Acineta wolteriana Schltr.
Anguloa goldschmidtiana Schltr.
Anguloa macroglossa Schltr.
Antosiphon roseans Schltr.
Barbosella dolichorhiza Schltr.
Barbosella longipes Schltr.
Bifrenaria pickiana Schltr.
Brachtia verruculifera Schltr.
Brachystele longiora Schltr.
Brassia cyrtopetala Schltr.
Camaridium caquetanum Schltr.
Camaridium caucanum Schltr.
Camaridium equitans Schltr.
Camaridium lamprochlamys Schltr.
Camaridium quercicolum Schltr.
Camaridium sterrocaulon Schltr.
Campylocentrum colombianum Schltr. (Fig. 36)
Catasetum blepharochilum Schltr.
Catasetum caucanum Schltr.
Catasetum inornatum Schltr.
Catasetum platyglossum Schltr.
Chondrorhyncha amabilis Schltr.
Chrysocynis triptera Schltr.
Cranichis antioquensis Schltr.
Cranichis atrata Schltr.
Cranichis brachyblephara Schltr.
Cranichis cylindrostachys Schltr.
Cranichis ovatilabia Schltr.
Cranichis pastoensis Schltr.
Cranichis pleioneura Schltr.
Cranichis polyantha Schltr.
Cranichis polyblephara Schltr.
Cranichis pycnantha Schltr.
Cranichis styctophylla Schltr.
Comparettia erecta Schltr.
Comparettia pulchella Schltr.
Cryptocentrum avum Schltr.
Cryptocentrum gracilipes Schltr.
Cryptocentrum hoppii Schltr.
Cryptocentrum pergracile Schltr.
Cyclopogon maderoi Schltr.
• sChultze, Arnold (1875–1948), collected 1920–1927.
• smith, Herbert Huntington (1851-1919), collected 1891–1898.
• sonntag, K. (?), collected 1888.
• stübel, Moritz Alphons (1835–1904), collected 1868–1877.
• woCKe, Erich (1863–1941), collected 1889.
• wolter, Paul (1862–1942), orchid grower in Magdeburg, ca. 1916.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Colombia
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Colombia, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
New orchid genera
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figure 36. Campylocentrum colombianum Schltr. Drawing
of type, made under Schlechter’s supervision. Nr.
26784 – Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
figure 37. Photograph of type and analysis of ower of
Elleanthus smithii Schltr. Oakes Ames Herbarium.
Cyclopogon spiranthoides Schltr.
Cycnoches brachydactylon Schltr.
Cyrtochilum rostratum Schltr.
Cyrtochilum simulans Schltr.
Cyrtoglottis gracilipes Schltr.
Dichaea acuminata Schltr.
Dichaea camaridioides Schltr.
Dichaea caquetana Schltr.
Dichaea lehmannii Schltr.
Dichaea selaginella Schltr.
Dichaea tenuifolia Schltr.
Dichaea trachysepala Schltr.
Dimerandra major Schltr.
Diothonea arevaloi Schltr.
Diothonea rhodochila Schltr.
Elleanthus ampliorus Schltr.
Elleanthus bogotentis Schltr.
Elleanthus congestus Schltr.
Elleanthus grandiorus Schltr.
Elleanthus hoppii Schltr.
Elleanthus laetus Schltr.
Elleanthus leiocaulon Schltr.
Elleanthus pastoensis Schltr.
Elleanthus smithii Schltr. (Fig. 37)
Elleanthus sphaerocephalus Schltr.
Elleanthus venustus Schltr.
Elleanthus vinosus Schltr.
Encyclia maderoi Schltr.
Epidendrum anitae Schltr.
Epidendrum arnoldii Schltr.
Epidendrum antioquense Schltr.
Epidendrum atrobrunneum Schltr.
Epidendrum baumannianum Schltr.
Epidendrum bogotense Schltr.
Epidendrum brachyschistum Schltr.
Epidendrum bungerothii Schltr.
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figure 38. Epidendrum melinanthum Schltr. - Photograph of a specimen collected by E. Langlassé in Colombia and
analytical drawing by R. Schlechter. Nr. 36086 – Oakes Ames Herbarium - Rockefeller Foundation
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Epidendrum calothyrsus Schltr.
Epidendrum caquetanum Schltr.
Epidendrum caucae Schltr.
Epidendrum cebolleta Schltr.
Epidendrum commelinoides Schltr.
Epidendrum cyclopterum Schltr.
Epidendrum decurviorum Schltr.
Epidendrum diphyllum Schltr.
Epidendrum dolichopus Schltr.
Epidendrum elleanthoides Schltr.
Epidendrum euchroma Schltr.
Epidendrum eugenii Schltr.
Epidendrum fraternum Schltr.
Epidendrum hastilabium Schltr.
Epidendrum hopanum Schltr.
Epidendrum ionodesme Schltr.
Epidendrum juncifolium Schltr.
Epidendrum laxifoliatum Schltr.
Epidendrum leucarachne Schltr.
Epidendrum longicrure Schltr.
Epidendrum macroceras Schltr.
Epidendrum maderoi Schltr.
Epidendrum melinanthum Schltr. (Fig. 38)
Epidendrum nubigerum Schltr.
Epidendrum oreogenum Schltr.
Epidendrum oxyglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum pachyneurum Schltr.
Epidendrum pachyphyllum Schltr.
Epidendrum pachypodum Schltr.
Epidendrum pastoense Schltr.
Epidendrum peraltum Schltr.
Epidendrum persimile Schltr.
Epidendrum polychistum Schltr.
Epidendrum prasinum Schltr.
Epidendrum protractum Schltr.
Epidendrum quinquecallosum Schltr.
Epidendrum rahbdobulbon Schltr.
Epidendrum rhopalobulbon Schltr.
Epidendrum rugulosum Schltr.
Epidendrum sanguineum Schltr.
Epidendrum sanctae martae Schltr.
Epidendrum schistochilum Schltr.
Epidendrum schnitteri Schltr.
Epidendrum scytocladium Schltr.
Epidendrum smithii Schltr.
Epidendrum sororium Schltr.
Epidendrum sterroanthum Schltr.
Epidendrum sterrophyllum Schltr.
Epidendrum strictum Schltr.
Epidendrum suboribundum Schltr.
Epidendrum suborbiculare Schltr.
Epidendrum sympodiale Schltr.
Epidendrum tridum Schltr.
Epidendrum trimeroglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum vulcanicum Schltr.
Epidendrum werneri Schltr.
Epidendrum zipaquinarum Schltr.
Eriopsis colombiana Schltr.
Galeandra leptoceras Schltr.
Gomphichis brachystachys Schltr.
Gomphichis caucana Schltr.
Gomphichis hetaerioides Schltr.
Gomphichis lancipetala Schltr.
Gomphichis scaposa Schltr.
Gongora beyrodtiana Schltr.
Gongora hennisiana Schltr.
Govenia platyglossa Schltr.
Govenia stictoglossa Schltr.
Habenaria caucana Schltr.
Habenaria maderoi Schltr.
Habenaria schultzei Schltr.
Habenaria smithii Schltr.
Hapalorchis longirostris Schltr.
Hapalorchis trilobata Schltr.
Hexisea colombiana Schltr.
Houlettia clarae Schltr.
Houlettia unguiculata Schltr.
Huntleya brevis Schltr.
Jacquiniella colombiana Schltr.
Kefersteinia tolimensis
Koellensteinia elegantula Schltr.
Laelia johniana Schltr.
Lanium colombianum Schltr.
Lepanthes antioquensis Schltr.
Lepanthes caucana Schltr.
Lepanthes dolichopus Schltr.
Lepanthes lehmanni Schltr.
Lepanthes marginata Schltr.
Lepanthes pastoensis Schltr.
Lepanthes peperomioides Schltr.
Lepanthes rhombipetala Schltr.
Lepanthes schnitteri Schltr.
Lepanthes stenoscleros Schltr.
Lepanthes superposita Schltr.
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Lepanthes trachysepala Schltr.
Lepanthes tricuspis Schltr.
Lindleyella oribunda Schltr.
Lindleyella picta Schltr.
Lindleyella saxicola Schltr.
Liparis caloglossa Schltr.
Liparis colombiana Schltr.
Lockhartia hologlossa Schltr.
Lockhartia unicornis Schltr.
Masdevallia bathychista Schltr.
Masdevallia callifera Schltr.
Masdevallia densiora Schltr.
Masdevallia echinocarpa Schltr.
Masdevallia exilipes Schltr.
Masdevallia hoppii Schltr.
Masdevallia maculigera Schltr.
Masdevallia oligantha Schltr.
Masdevallia petiolaris Schltr.
Masdevallia pteroglossa Schltr.
Masdevallia tenuipes Schltr.
Masdevallia trichroma Schltr.
Maxillaria adscendens Schltr.
Maxillaria aequiloba Schltr.
Maxillaria angustifolia Schltr.
Maxillaria aurantiaca Schltr.
Maxillaria baumanniana Schltr.
Maxillaria bolleoides Schltr.
Maxillaria brachypoda Schltr.
Maxillaria camaridioides Schltr.
Maxillaria caquetana Schltr.
Maxillaria caucana Schltr.
Maxillaria caulina Schltr.
Maxillaria elata Schltr.
Maxillaria elegans Schltr.
Maxillaria farinifera Schltr.
Maxillaria hennisiana Schltr.
Maxillaria hoppii Schltr.
Maxillaria langlassei Schltr.
Maxillaria maderoi Schltr.
Maxillaria microblephara Schltr.
Maxillaria modesta Schltr.
Maxillaria ochroglossa Schltr.
Maxillaria parvula Schltr.
Maxillaria patens Schltr.
Maxillaria phaeoglossa Schltr.
Maxillaria pleiantha Schltr.
Maxillaria plicata Schltr.
Maxillaria saxicola Schltr.
Maxillaria schnitteri Schltr.
Maxillaria schultzei Schltr.
Maxillaria sulfurea Schltr.
Maxillaria subpandurata Schltr.
Maxillaria subulifolia Schltr.
Maxillaria tristis Schltr.
Maxillaria truncatilabia Schltr.
Maxillaria unguiculata Schltr.
Maxillaria unguilabia Schltr.
Maxillaria verecunda Schltr.
Maxillaria vestita Schltr.
Maxillaria witsenioides Schltr.
Microstylis hopii Schltr.
Microstylis mucronulata Schltr.
Microstylis polyblephara Schltr.
Monophyllorchis colombiana Schltr.
Mormodes schultzei Schltr.
Notylia oberonia Schltr.
Notylia obtusa Schltr.
Notylia rimbachii Schltr.
Octomeria colombiana Schltr.
Octomeria longerepens Schltr.
Octomeria longifolia Schltr.
Octomeria mocoana Schltr.
Odontoglossum bogotense Schltr.
Odontoglossum crispum Schltr.
Odontoglossum cristatellum Schltr.
Odontoglossum oribundum Schltr.
Odontoglossum hoppii Schltr.
Odontoglossum maderoi Schltr.
Odontoglossum schultzei Schltr.
Oncidium bryoclaudium Schltr.
Oncidium caucanum Schltr.
Oncidium hedyosmum Schltr.
Oncidium hoppii Schltr.
Oncidium maderoi Schltr.
Oncidium oberonia Schltr.
Oncidium platychilum Schltr.
Oncidium trachycaulon Schltr.
Oncidium saxicolum Schltr.
Oncidium werneri Schltr.
Ornithidium compactum Schltr.
Ornithidium cyperifolium Schltr.
Ornithidium dichotomum Schltr.
Ornithidium pastoense Schltr.
Ornithidium rhodoleucon Schltr.
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Ornithidium toriferum Schltr.
Ornithidium vagans Schltr.
Ornithidium virescens Schltr.
Ornithocephalus lehmannii Schltr.
Ornithocephalus micranthus Schltr.
Pachyphyllum bryophytum Schltr.
Pachyphyllum micrangis Schltr.
Pachyphyllum micranthum Schltr.
Pachyphyllum stuebellii Schltr.
Pachyphyllum vaginatum Schltr.
Pelexia caucae Schltr.
Pelexia hamata Schltr.
Physurus caucanus Schltr.
Physurus dolichostachys Schltr.
Physurus erythrodoides Schltr.
Physurus hetaerioides Schltr.
Physurus palaceus Schltr.
Physurus procerus Schltr.
Physurus zeuxinoides Schltr.
Pitiphyllum amesianum Schltr.
Pitiphyllum antioquense Schltr.
Platystele schmidtchenii Schltr.
Pleurothallis arevaloi Schltr.
Pleurothallis belocardia Schltr.
Pleurothallis bogotentis Schltr.
Pleurothallis brachyantha Schltr.
Pleurothallis brevicaulis Schltr.
Pleurothallis caliensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis chachatoynsis Schltr.
Pleurothallis chlamydopus Schltr.
Pleurothallis citrina Schltr.
Pleurothallis cundinamarcae Schltr.
Pleurothallis cymbisepala Schltr.
Pleurothallis falcipetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis hirtipes Schltr.
Pleurothallis hopana Schltr.
Pleurothallis hoppii Schltr.
Pleurothallis ineziae Schltr.
Pleurothallis lancifera Schltr.
Pleurothallis langlassei Schltr.
Pleurothallis auta Schltr.
Pleurothallis lehmanniana Schltr.
Pleurothallis leontoglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis lepanthoides Schltr.
Pleurothallis leptantha Schltr.
Pleurothallis medellinensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis melittantha Schltr.
Pleurothallis microptera Schltr.
Pleurothallis mocoana Schltr.
Pleurothallis nasuta Schltr.
Pleurothallis nubigena Schltr.
Pleurothallis nutans Schltr.
Pleurothallis ochroleuca Schltr.
Pleurothallis papillisepala Schltr.
Pleurothallis patula Schltr.
Pleurothallis pendula Schltr.
Pleurothallis peniculus Schltr.
Pleurothallis phaeantha Schltr.
Pleurothallis platycardium Schltr.
Pleurothallis platysepala Schltr.
Pleurothallis pleiostachys Schltr.
Pleurothallis potamophila Schltr.
Pleurothallis pteroglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis pulvinipes Schltr.
Pleurothallis quadricaudata Schltr.
Pleurothallis rhaphidopus Schltr.
Pleurothallis scaphioglottis Schltr.
Pleurothallis schistopetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis schnitteri Schltr.
Pleurothallis serricardia Schltr.
Pleurothallis smithii Schltr.
Pleurothallis sororia Schltr.
Pleurothallis sotarae Schltr.
Pleurothallis spathilabia Schltr.
Pleurothallis stelidioides Schltr.
Pleurothallis trianae Schltr.
Pleurothallis werneri Schltr.
Pogonia acuminata Schltr.
Pogonia elegantula Schltr.
Pogonia maderoi Schltr.
Pogonia venusta Schltr.
Polycycnis acutiloba Schltr.
Polystachya caquetana Schltr.
Polystachya colombiana Schltr.
Ponthieva elata Schltr.
Ponthieva microglossa Schltr.
Ponthieva triloba Schltr.
Porroglossum colombianum Schltr.
Prescottia liformis Schltr.
Prescottia gracilis Schltr.
Prescottia longifolia Schltr.
Prescottia smithii Schltr.
Pseudocentrum sphaerocorys Schltr.
Pterichis acuminata Schltr.
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Pterichis tomentosula Schltr.
Restrepia antioquensis Schltr.
Restrepia caucana Schltr.
Restrepia hemsleyana Schltr.
Restrepia leontoglossa Schltr.
Restrepia serrilabia Schltr.
Rodriguezia arevaloi Schltr.
Rodriguezia macrantha Schltr.
Rodriguezia secunda Schltr.
Roezliella cucullifera Schltr.
Roezliella ibis Schltr.
Scaphosepalum platypetalum Schltr.
Scaphyglottis exilis Schltr.
Scaphyglottis genychila Schltr.
Scaphyglottis sanctae-martae Schltr.
Scaphyglottis stricta Schltr.
Scelochilus langlassei Schltr.
Schlimia pandurata Schltr.
Schomburgkia elata Schltr.
Schomburgkia schultzei Schltr.
Schomburgkia splendida Schltr.
Sertifera colombiana Schltr.
Sertifera major Schltr.
Sertifera parviora Schltr.
Sigmatostalix caquetana Schltr.
Sigmatostalix pandurata Schltr.
Sobralia anceps Schltr.
Sobralia antioquensis Schltr.
Sobralia densifoliata Schltr.
Sobralia exilis Schltr.
Sobralia hoppii Schltr.
Sobralia kalbreyeri Schltr.
Sobralia malmquistiana Schltr.
Sobralia odorata Schltr.
Sobralia schultzei Schltr.
Sobralia splendida Schltr.
Sphyrastylis hoppii Schltr.
Sphyrastylis oberonioides Schltr.
Stanhopea hoppii Schltr.
Stelis antioquensis Schltr.
Stelis apiculata Schltr.
Stelis arevaloi Schltr.
Stelis bigibba Schltr.
Stelis bogotentis Schltr.
Stelis bracteata Schltr.
Stelis caucae Schltr.
Stelis citrina Schltr.
Stelis crassilabia Schltr.
Stelis cuculligera Schltr.
Stelis cundinamarcae Schltr.
Stelis cycloglossa Schltr.
Stelis decipiens Schltr.
Stelis dolichopus Schltr.
Stelis elegantula Schltr.
Stelis eugenii Schltr.
Stelis exilipes Schltr.
Stelis fruticulus Schltr.
Stelis hennisiana Schltr.
Stelis hoppi Schltr.
Stelis langlassei Schltr.
Stelis longiracemosa Schltr.
Stelis macropoda Schltr.
Stelis maderoi Schltr.
Stelis magnipetala Schltr.
Stelis mesohybos Schltr.
Stelis minimiora Schltr.
Stelis mirabilis Schltr.
Stelis mocoana Schltr.
Stelis mucronipetala Schltr.
Stelis myriantha Schltr.
Stelis oligoblephara Schltr.
Stelis oxypetala Schltr.
Stelis pachyphilla Schltr.
Stelis pachystele Schltr.
Stelis pastoensis Schltr.
Stelis petiolaris Schltr.
Stelis pleistantha Schltr.
Stelis prorepens Schltr.
Stelis ringens Schltr.
Stelis scandens Schltr.
Stelis schmidtchenii Schltr.
Stelis schnitteri Schltr.
Stelis simula Schltr.
Stelis tenuis Schltr.
Stelis tolimensis Schltr.
Stelis trianaei Schltr.
Stelis umbriae Schltr.
Stelis verecunda Schltr.
Stelis virgulata Schltr.
Stelis vulcanica Schltr.
Stelis walteri Schltr.
Stelis werneri Schltr.
Telipogon caucanus Schltr.
Telipogon cycloglossus Schltr.
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Schlechter’s network in Ecuador (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• eggers, Henrik Franz Alexander von (1844–1903), collected 1891–1897.
• Hennis, Wilhelm ((1856–1943)), orchid grower in Hildesheim.
• Lehmann, Friedrich Carl (1850–1903), collected 1867–1903.
• Mille, Louis (Aloysius) (?–1940s), collected ca. 1896–1963.
• Rimbach, August (1862–1943), collected 1891–1934.
• Sodiro, Luigi Aloysius (Luis) (1836–1909), collected 1876–1907.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Ecuador
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Ecuador, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
Telipogon gracilis Schltr.
Telipogon hoppii Schltr.
Telipogon lagunae Schltr.
Telipogon pastoanus Schltr.
Telipogon venustus Schltr.
Trachelosiphon colombianus Schltr.
Trachelosiphon cristatus Schltr.
Trichocentrum brachyceras Schltr.
Trichocentrum verruciferum Schltr.
Vanilla calyculata Schltr.
Warreella cyanea Schltr.
Xylobium modestum Schltr.
Xylobium stanhopeifolium Schltr.
eCuador (Fig. 35)
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1914–1916 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XLII-XLVI. Additamenta ad Orchideologiam ecuadorensem
I. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 14: 114–133.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XLVII-XLVIII. Additamenta ad Orchideologiam ecuadorensem
II. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 14: 385–395.
1917–1919 Schlechter, R.. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XLIX. Additamenta ad Orchideologiam ecuadorensem III.
Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 15: 49–59.
1921 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. III. Ecuador. Repertorium specierum
novarum regni vegetabilis, Beihefte, vol. 8: 1–172.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1910–1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV. Repertorium specierum novarum
regni vegetabilis, Vol.8: 453–58, 500–512, 561–574.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVI-XVII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol. 10: 21–32.
1911–1912 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVI-XVII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis, Vol. 10: 21–32.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXVI. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol.
10: 291–296.
1915 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XLII-XLVI. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol. 14: 114–131.
1919 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Cochlioda Ldl.. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 13: 3–10.
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Dipterostele Schltr.
Sodiroella Schltr.
Solenocentrum Schltr.
Symphyglossum Schltr.
New orchid species
Aa macra Schltr.
Aa rhynchocarpa Schltr.
Aa riobambae Schltr.
Aa ustulata Schltr.
Bletia ecuadorensis Schltr.
Camaridium dichotomum Schltr.
Camaridium longum Schltr.
Camaridium sodiroi Schltr.
Campylocentrum ecuadorense Schltr.
Campylocentrum rimbachii Schltr.
Catasetum sodiroi Schltr.
Cranichis cucullata Schltr.
Cranichis ecuadorensis Schltr.
Cranichis elliptica Schltr.
Cranichis sororia Schltr.
Cryptarrhena unguicalata Schltr.
Cryptophoranthus beloglottis Schltr.
Cyclopogon argyrotaenius Schltr.
Cyclopogon cranichioides Schltr.
Cyclopogon gracilis Schltr.
Cyclopogon macer Schltr.
Dichaea ecuadorensis Schltr.
Dichaea sodiroi Schltr.
Diothonea angustifolia Schltr.
Diothonea pulchra Schltr.
Diothonea sodiroi Schltr.
Diothonea viridiora Schltr.
Dipterostele microglossa Schltr.
Elleanthus fractiexus Schltr.
Elleanthus macer Schltr.
Elleanthus petrogeiton Schltr.
Elleanthus roseus Schltr.
Elleanthus sodiroi Schltr.
Elleanthus stenophyllus Schltr.
Elleanthus ventricosus Schltr.
Encyclia angustiloba Schltr.
Encyclia trachypus Schltr.
Epidendrum aloisii Schltr.
Epidendrum atacazoicum Schltr.
Epidendrum bifalce Schltr.
Epidendrum brachystele Schltr.
Epidendrum caloglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum calyptrochilum Schltr.
Epidendrum chimborazoensis Schltr.
Epidendrum chortophyllum Schltr.
Epidendrum cuencanum Schltr.
Epidendrum cuniculatum Schltr.
Epidendrum dasytaenium Schltr.
Epidendrum diothonaeoides Schltr.
Epidendrum fruticetorum Schltr.
Epidendrum geminatum Schltr.
Epidendrum guayasense Schltr.
Epidendrum imitans Schltr.
Epidendrum indecoratum Schltr.
Epidendrum inornatum Schltr.
Epidendrum megahybos Schltr.
Epidendrum microglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum millei Schltr.
Epidendrum miniatum Schltr.
Epidendrum mojandae Schltr.
Epidendrum monanthum Schltr.
Epidendrum neglectum Schltr.
Epidendrum neolehmannia Schltr.
Epidendrum ochranthum Schltr.
Epidendrum ornithidii Schltr.
Epidendrum ornithoglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum orthocaule Schltr.
Epidendrum pallatangae Schltr.
Epidendrum pedicellare Schltr.
Epidendrum peperomioides Schltr.
Epidendrum pergracile Schltr.
Epidendrum pichinchae Schltr.
Epidendrum piestopus Schltr.
Epidendrum platychilum Schltr.
Epidendrum podocarpophilum Schltr.
Epidendrum pteroglottis Schltr.
Epidendrum quisayanum Schltr.
Epidendrum ramistratum Schltr.
Epidendrum reichenbachianum Schltr.
Epidendrum renilabium Schltr.
Epidendrum rhacoglossum Schltr. Schltr.
Epidendrum rimbachii Schltr.
Epidendrum riobambae Schltr.
Epidendrum sarcoglottis Schltr.
New orchid genera
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Epidendrum sodiroi Schltr.
Epidendrum spathatum Schltr.
Epidendrum sphaeranthum Schltr.
Epidendrum splendidum Schltr.
Epidendrum rachychlaena Schltr.
Epidendrum tunguraguae Schltr.
Epidendrum zingiberaceum Schltr.
Epistephium lamprochyllum Schltr.
Gomphichis cranichioides Schltr.
Gomphichis sodiroi Schltr.
Govenia sodiroi Schltr.
Habenaria millei Schltr.
Habenaria sodiroi Schltr.
Kefersteinia lojae Schltr.
Lanium ecuadorense Schltr.
Lepanthes aberrans Schltr.
Lepanthes corazonis Schltr.
Lepanthes effusa Schltr.
Lepanthes elegantula Schltr.
Lepanthes macropoda Schltr.
Lepanthes macroura Schltr.
Lepanthes millei Schltr.
Lepanthes pensilis Schltr.
Lepanthes rhodophylla Schltr.
Liparis commelinoides Schltr.
Liparis millei Schltr.
Liparis nigrescens Schltr.
Masdevallia corazonica Schltr.
Masdevallia parvula Schltr.
Masdevallia sodiroi Schltr.
Masdevallia ventricosa Schltr.
Maxillaria ecuadorensis Schltr.
Maxillaria microdendron Schltr.
Maxillaria microtricha Schltr.
Maxillaria nutantiora Schltr.
Maxillaria poicilothece Schltr.
Maxillaria sanguineomaculata Schltr.
Maxillaria stictantha Schltr.
Maxillaria stricta Schltr.
Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr.
Microstylis lloensis Schltr.
Microstylis pichinchae Schltr.
Microstylis sodiroi Schltr.
Nasonia robusta Schltr.
Notylia ecuadorensis Schltr.
Notyliarimbachii Schltr.
Odontoglossum sodiroi Schltr.
Oncidium aloisii Schltr.
Oncidium hapalotyle Schltr.
Oncidium millei Schltr.
Oncidium sodiroi Schltr.
Ornithidium breve Schltr.
Ornithidium chrysocynoides Schltr.
Ornithidium pleurothantioides Schltr.
Ornithidium squarrosum Schltr.
Ornithocephalus bryostachyus Schltr.
Pelexia ecuadorensis Schltr.
Physosiphon inaequisepalus Schltr.
Pleurothallis aloisii Schltr.
Pleurothallis blepharopetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis cardiophylla Schltr.
Pleurothallis conchopetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis corazonica Schltr.
Pleurothallis diploglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis ecuadorensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis mbripetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis henrici Schltr.
Pleurothallis ignivomi Schltr.
Pleurothallis lamprochlamys Schltr.
Pleurothallis lasioglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis lepanthopsis Schltr.
Pleurothallis lloensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis lojae Schltr.
Pleurothallis longerepens Schltr.
Pleurothallis macropus Schltr. (Fig. 39)
Pleurothallis microcharis Schltr.
Pleurothallis millei Schltr.
Pleurothallis myoxanthus Schltr.
Pleurothallis nephroglossa Schltr.
Pleurothallis nutantiora Schltr.
Pleurothallis opeatorhyncha Schltr.
Pleurothallis otopetalum Schltr.
Pleurothallis pastazae Schltr.
Pleurothallis pichinchae Schltr.
Pleurothallis reichenbachiana Schltr.
Pleurothallis rhizomatosa Schltr.
Pleurothallis sigsigensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis sodiroi Schltr.
Pleurothallis subreniformis Schltr.
Pleurothallis superposita Schltr.
Pleurothallis tenuispica Schltr.
Pleurothallis triura Schltr.
Pleurothallis wolana Schltr.
Pogonia lutea Schltr.
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figure 39. Pleurothallis macropus Schltr. Nr. 87424 – Oakes Ames Herbarium. .
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figure 40. Drawing of the type of Ponthieva nigricans Schltr. and Schlechter’s original type-written manuscript of the
description of the new species. Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
LANKESTERIANA 19(2). 2019. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2019.
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figure 41. Isotype of Telipogon lehmannii Schltr. Nr. 14728 – Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
peru (Fig. 42)
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1914 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae. In Pilger, R. Plantae Uleanae novae vel minus cognitae. Notizblatt des Königlichen
Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin, Vol. 6: 120–126.
1921 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. IV. Peru. Repertorium specierum
novarum regni vegetabilis, Beihefte, vol. 9: 1–182.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVIII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 9:
161–166.
1911–1912 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XIX-XX. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol. 10: 385–397.
1912 Schlechter, R. 1912. Neue un seltene Garten-Orchideen V. Orchis, Mitteilungen des Orchideenausschusses der
Deutschen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, vol. 6: 112–119.
1914 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Gardenorchideen VI. Orchis, Mitteilungen des Orchideenausschusses der Deutschen
Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, vol. 8: 131–137.
1915 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen, VIII. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 9: 49–54.
Schlechter, R. Kleine Mitteilungen. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde, Vol. 9:
56–60.
1916 Schlechter, R. Neue und seltene Garten-Orchideen, X. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 10: 183–190.
1918 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Aganisia Ldl. und ihre Verwandten. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Orchideenkunde, Vol. 12: 24–42.
1919 Schlechter, R. Die Gattung Cochlioda Ldl.. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 13: 3–10.
Ponthieva appendiculata Schltr.
Ponthieva disema Schltr.
Ponthieva ecuadorensis Schltr.
Ponthieva nigricans Schltr. (Fig. 40)
Ponthieva orchioides Schltr.
Polystachya ecuadorensis Schltr.
Prescottia longipetiolata Schltr.
Pterichis pauciora Schltr.
Pterichis seleniglossa Schltr.
Scelochilus pichinchae Schltr.
Sigmatostalix lunata Schltr.
Sobralia gracilis Schltr.
Sodiroella ecuadorensis Schltr.
Spiranthes millei Schltr.
Stelis altigena Schltr.
Stelis callicentrum Schltr.
Stelis calothece Schltr.
Stelis cordibractea Schltr.
Stelis coturcoensis Schltr.
Stelis cuencana Schltr.
Stelis hians Schltr.
Stelis lloensis Schltr.
Stelis megahybos Schltr.
Stelis millei Schltr.
Stelis perlaxa Schltr.
Stelis pilostylis Schltr.
Stelis pterostylis Schltr.
Stelis sodiroi Schltr.
Stelis superposita Schltr.
Stelis vulcanica Schltr.
Stenorrhynchos millei Schltr.
Stenorrhynchos sodiroi Schltr.
Telipogon ecuadorensis Schltr.
Telipogon lehmannii Schltr. (Fig. 41)
Telipogon pachyhybos Schltr.
Trichoceros carinifer Schltr.
Xylobium gracile Schltr.
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figure 42. Map of Peru and Bolivia, 1855. Colton’s Atlas of the World Illustrating Physical and Political Geography, Vol
1, New York.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317“454.
Schlechter’s network in Peru (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• beyrodt, Otto (1879–1923), orchid grower in Marienfelde, Germany, around 1900–1923.
• forget, Louis (?–1915), orchid collector for Sander & Sons.Köhler, O. Eugene (?), collected ca. 1900–1906.
• John, Karl Wilhelm (?). Orchid grower in Andernach-on-the Rhine, Germany, around 1910.
• Köhler, Egon (father) (1866–?), Anton and Carl (sons), collected 1910–1919.
• moore, Frederic William (1857–1949), curator of the Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Ireland.
• serafín, Filomeno (1846–1922), collected ca. 1900–1910.
• ule, Ernst Heinrich Georg (1854–1915), collected 1893–1912.
• weberbauer, August (1871–1948), collected 1908–1948
• wolter, Paul (1862–1942), orchid grower in Magdeburg-Wilhelmsburg.
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Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Peru (sometimes ex Kraenzl.)
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Peru, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
Coccineorchis Schltr.
Neokoehleria Schltr.
Petalocentrum Schltr.
Symphyglossum Schltr.
New orchid species
New orchid genera
Aa brevis Schltr.
Aa lechleri Schltr.
Aa pumilio Schltr.
Aa weberbaueri Schltr.
Amblostoma holochilon Schltr.
Batemania wolteriana Schltr.
Brachionidium serratum Schltr.
Brachystele lechleri Schltr.
Brassia lomenoi Schltr.
Brassia koehlerorum Schltr.
Campylocentrum loretoense Schltr.
Catasetum cruciatum Schltr.
Cochlioda beyrodtiana Schltr
Comparettia peruviana Schltr.
Coryanthes bicalcarata Schltr.
Cranichis koehleri Schltr.
Cryptarrhena acrensis Schltr.
Cryptocentrum minus Schltr.
Cyclopogon densiorus Schltr.
Cyclopogon moyobambae Schltr.
Dipteranthus peruvianus Schltr.
Elleanthus bambusaceus Schltr.
Elleanthus cajamarcae Schltr.
Elleanthus caroli Schltr.
Elleanthus conchochhilus Schltr.
Elleanthus gastroglottis Schltr.
Elleanthus igneus Schltr.
Elleanthus koehleri Schltr.
Elleanthus laxifoliatus Schltr.
Elleanthus pallidiavus Schltr.
Elleanthus porphyrocephalus Schltr.
Epidendrum bambusaceum Schltr.
Epidendrum brevicaule Schltr.
Epidendrum cajamarcae Schltr.
Epidendrum cuzcoense Schltr.
Epidendrum lomenoi Schltr.
Epidendrum fruticulus Schltr.
Epidendrum fuscum Schltr.
Epidendrum gnomus Schltr.
Epidendrum haematanthum Schltr.
Epidendrum huanucoense Schltr.
Epidendrum juninense Schltr.
Epidendrum macrodonax Schltr.
Epidendrum melinoacron Schltr.
Epidendrum nephroglossum Schltr.
Epidendrum oliganthum Schltr.
Epidendrum panicoides Schltr.
Epidendrum patulipetalum Schltr.
Epidendrum platyoon Schltr.
Epidendrum pleurobothrys Schltr.
Epidendrum splendens Schltr.
Epidendrum stenophyton Schltr.
Epidendrum tarmense Schltr.
Epidendrum unifoliatum Schltr.
Epidendrum validum Schltr.
Epidendrum vinosum Schltr.
Epistephium amabile Schltr.
Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr.
Fernandezia pulchra Schltr.
Gomphichis koehleri Schltr.
Gomphichis plantaginea Schltr.
Gongora longipes Schltr.
Gongora nigropunctata Schltr.
Isochilus peruvianus Schltr.
Koellensteinia peruviana Schltr.
Lanium peruvianum Schltr.
Lepanthes juninensis Schltr.
Lepanthes koehleri Schltr.
Lueddemannia vyvereana Schltr.
Lycaste lomenoi Schltr.
Masdevallia purpurina Schltr.
Masdevallia venusta Schltr.
Masdevallia weberbaueri Schltr.
Maxillaria abelei Schltr.
Maxillaria brachypetala Schltr.
Maxillaria calantha Schltr.
Maxillaria fuerstenbergiana Schltr.
Maxillaria koehleri Schltr.
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figure 43. Photograph of type of Comparettia peruviana
Schltr. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
figure 44. Photograph of the type of Lepanthes koehleri
Schltr. and Schlechter’s original type-written
manuscript of the description of the new species. Nr.
38667 - Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
Maxillaria macropoda Schltr.
Maxillaria playloba Schltr.
Maxillaria weberbaueri Schltr.
Maxillaria xanthorhoda Schltr.
Neokoehleria equitans Schltr.
Neokoehleria peruviana Schltr.
Notylia coffeicola Schltr.
Notylia koehleri Schltr.
Notylia moyobambae Schltr.
Octomeria beyrodtiana Schltr. ex Mansf.
Odonglossum bellum Schltr.
Odonglossum juninense Schltr.
Odonglossum koehleri Schltr.
Odonglossum loesereniaum Schltr.
Odonglossum trilobum Schltr.
Odonglossum weberbauerianum Schltr.
Oncidium cajamarcae Schltr.
Ornithidium dolichophyllum Schltr.
Ornithocephalus longilabris Schltr.
Pachyphyllum breviconnatum Schltr.
Pachyphyllum lycopodioides Schltr.
Pachyphyllum tenue Schltr.
Petalocentrum angustifolium Schltr.
Petalocentrum pusillum Schltr.
Phragmipedium cajamarcae Schltr.
Physurus hetaerioides Schltr.
Physurus stenocentrum Schltr.
Pleurothallis angustilabia Schltr.
Pleurothallis brachyblephara Schltr.
Pleurothallis cajamarcae Schltr.
Pleurothallis chanchamayoensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis divaricans Schltr.
Pleurothallis genychila Schltr.
Pleurothallis graminea Schltr.
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Pleurothallis huanucoensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis juninensis Schltr.
Pleurothallis phyllostachys Schltr.
Pleurothallis tricaudata Schltr.
Pleurothallis trimeroglossa Schltr.
Polystachya altilamellata Schltr.
Polystachya poeppigii Schltr.
Ponthieva microglossa Schltr.
Ponthieva oligoneura Schltr.
Ponthieva venusta Schltr.
Ponthieva weberbaueri Schltr.
Pterichis leucoptera Schltr.
Pterichis macroptera Schltr.
Scaphyglottis antonii Schltr.
Scaphyglottis loretoensis Schltr.
Scelochilus brevis Schltr.
Schomburgkia moyobambae Schltr.
Sigmatostalix pusilla Schltr.
Sobralia alstroemerioides Schltr.
Solenidium peruvianum Schltr.
Stelis bicallosa Schltr.
Stelis lomenoi Schltr.
Stelis inversa Schltr.
Stelis koehleri Schltr.
Stelis macra Schltr.
Stelis megistantha Schltr.
Stelis melicoides Schltr.
Stelis nephropetala Schltr.
Stelis phaeantha Schltr.
Stelis piestopus Schltr.
Stelis recurvula Schltr.
Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr.
Stelis rhomboglossa Schltr.
Stelis weberbaueri Schltr.
Stenoptera elata Schltr.
Telipogon gnomus Schltr.
Trigonidium loretoense Schltr.
Trigonidium peruvianum Schltr.
Warrea speciosa Schltr.
Xylobium lomenoi Schltr.
boliVia (Fig. 42)
National and regional orchid oras, specic collectors
1916 Schlechter, R. Herzog’s bolivianische Panzen III. Orchidaceae. Mededeelingen van‘s Rijks Herbarium Leiden,
No.29, 1916: 57–80.
1922 Schlechter, R. Die Orchideenoren der südamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten. V. Bolivia. Repertorium specierum
novarum regni vegetabilis, Beihefte, vol. 9: 1–80.
1929 R. Schlechter. II. Orchidaceae Buchtienianae (weitere Beiträge zur Orchideenkunde von Bolivien). Repertorium
specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol. 27: 27–85.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXIV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, Vol.10:
428–439.
1912–1913 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXI-XXII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis, Vol. 10: 445–491.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol.11: 41–47.
1913 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XXXIX-XLII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol.11: 481–494.
1915 Schlechter, R. Catasetum wredeanum n. sp.. Orchis, Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orchideenkunde,
Vol. 15: 17–20.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
Schlechter’s network in Bolivia (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• buChtien, Otto (1859–1946), collected ca. 1893–1036.
• fiebrig, Karl August Gustav (1879–1951)., collected 1902–1950.
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• günther, Ernst Karl Franz (1870–?), collected 1920s.
• herzog, Theodor Carl Julius (1880–1961), collected 1907–1912.
• pflanz, Carl (1872–1925), collected 1907–1925.
• steinbaCh, José (1875–1930), collected 1904–1929.
• williams, Robert Statham (1859–1945), collected 1901–1902.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Bolivia
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Bolivia, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
Beloglottis Schltr.
Buchtienia Schltr.
Solenocentrum Schltr.
New orchid species
New orchid genera
Aa chiogena Schltr.
Aa microtidis Schltr.
Aa sphaeroglossa Schltr.
Aa trilobulata Schltr.
Altensteinia ebrigii Schltr.
Beloglottis boliviensis Schltr.
Bletia mandonii Schltr.
Brassavola multiora Schltr.
Brassia boliviensis Schltr.
Buchtienia boliviensis Schltr.
Bulbophyllum bolivianum Schltr.
Camaridium avum Schltr.
Camaridium vagans Schltr.
Campylocentrum apiculatum Schltr.
Catasetum gardneri Schltr.
Catasetum panzii Schltr.
Catasetum wredeanum Schltr.
Comparettia splendens Schltr.
Cranichis mandonii Schltr.
Cyclopogon casanaensis Schltr.
Cyrtopodium buchtienii Schltr.
Cyrtopodium panzii Schltr.
Dichaea anguina Schltr. (Fig. 45)
Dichaea buchtienii Schltr.
Dichaea longa Schltr.
Dichaea robusta Schltr.
Dichaea stenophylla Schltr.
Elleanthus pallidiorus
Elleanthus scopula Schltr.
Elleanthus setosus Schltr.
Encyclia buchtienii Schltr.
Encyclia panzii Schltr.
Encyclia steinbachii Schltr.
Epidendrum albiorum Schltr.
Epidendrum alopecurum Schltr.
Epidendrum bolivianum Schltr.
Epidendrum buchtienii Schltr.
Epidendrum coroicoense Schltr.
Epidendrum cuneatum Schltr.
Epidendrum herzogii Schltr.
Epidendrum humidicolum Schltr.
Epidendrum lanioides Schltr.
Epidendrum miguelii Schltr.
Epidendrum nigricans Schltr.
Epidendrum obliquum Schltr.
Epidendrum physophorum Schltr.
Epidendrum quinquepartitum Schltr.
Epidendrum syringodes Schltr.
Epidendrum theodori Schltr.
Epidendrum trichopetalum Schltr.
Galeandra ebrigii Schltr.
Habenaria bangii Schltr.
Habenaria bermejoensis Schltr.
Habenaria buchtienii Schltr.
Habenaria herzogii Schltr.
Habenaria leptantha Schltr.
Habenaria miguelii Schltr.
Habenaria ottonis Schltr.
Habenaria petrogeiton Schltr.
Habenaria pseudorepens Schltr.
Habenaria subandina Schltr.
Habenaria theodori Schltr.
Habenaria williamsii Schltr.
Habenaria yungasensis Schltr.
Houlletia boliviana Schltr.
Kefersteinia pulchella Schltr.
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figure 45. Isoype of Dichaea anguina Schltr. and Schlechter’s original type-written manuscript of the description of the
new species. Nr. 26471 - Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
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Lepanthes rupicola Schltr.
Lepanthes sillarensis Schltr.
Liparis otophyllon Schltr.
Lycaste neglecta Schltr.
Macradenia buchtienii Schltr.
Masdevallia bangii Schltr.
Masdevallia boliviensis Schltr.
Masdevallia brachyantha Schltr.
Masdevallia bradei Schltr. ex Hoehne
Masdevallia buchtienii Schltr. (Fig. 46)
Masdevallia herzogii Schltr.
Masdevallia setipes Schltr.
Masdevallia tubata Schltr.
Masdevallia xanthura Schltr.
Maxillaria boliviensis Schltr.
Maxillaria buchtienii Schltr.
Maxillaria compressibulba Schltr.
Maxillaria dolichophylla Schltr.
Maxillaria fallax Schltr.
Maxillaria gracilipes Schltr.
Maxillaria leucantha Schltr.
Maxillaria ongicaulis Schltr.
Maxillaria oxysepala Schltr.
Maxillaria poifolia Schltr.
Maxillaria simacoana Schltr.
Maxillaria xylobiiora Schltr.
Microstylis boliviana Schltr.
Microstylis buchtienii Schltr.
Microstylis mixta Schltr.
Microstylis nasuta Schltr.
Microstylis ottonis Schltr.
Microstylis reichenbachiana Schltr.
Microstylis tridentula Schltr.
Neodryas herzogii Schltr.
Notylia boliviensis Schltr.
Notylia buchtienii Schltr.
Octomeria buchtienii Schltr.
Octomeria tenuis Schltr.
Odonglossum rigidum Schltr.
Oncidium bolivianum Schltr.
Oncidium buchtienii Schltr.
Oncidium herzogii Schltr.
Oncidium williamsii Schltr.
Ornithidium bolivianum Schltr.
Ornithidium rhomboglossum Schltr.
Pachyphyllum falcifolium Schltr.
Pachyphyllum herzogii Schltr.
Pachyphyllum minus Schltr.
Pelexia ebrigii Schltr.
Physosiphon andinum Schltr.
Physosiphon herzogii Schltr.
Physurus anchoriferus Schltr.
Physurus buchtienii Schltr.
Physurus herzogii Schltr.
Pleurothallis amblyopetala Schltr.
Pleurothallis boliviana Schltr.
Pleurothallis buchtienii Schltr.
Pleurothallis bulbophylloides Schltr.
Pleurothallis coffeicola Schltr.
Pleurothallis dolichocaulon Schltr.
Pleurothallis frutex Schltr.
Pleurothallis guentheri Schltr.
Pleurothallis herpethophyton Schltr.
Pleurothallis herzogii Schltr.
Pleurothallis ottonis Schltr.
Pleurothallis papuligera Schltr.
Pleurothallis rhopalocarpa Schltr.
Pleurothallis sanjanae Schltr.
Pleurothallis scleropus Schltr.
Pleurothallis simacoana Schltr.
Pleurothallis spathata Schltr.
Pleurothallis tenuiora Schltr.
Pleurothallis triptera Schltr.
Pleurothallis tripterocarpa Schltr.
Pleurothallis triquetra Schltr.
Pleurothallis umbraticola Schltr.
Pleurothallis yungasensis Schltr.
Polystachya boliviensis Schltr.
Polystachya simacoana Schltr.
Ponthieva elegans Schltr.
Pterichis boliviana Schltr.
Pterichis saxicola Schltr.
Pterichis silvestris Schltr.
Pterichis yungasensis Schltr.
Sarcoglottis herzogii Schltr.
Scaphyglottis boliviana Schltr.
Sobralia boliviensis Schltr.
Sobralia buchtienii Schltr.
Sobralia caloglossa Schltr.
Sobralia fructicetorum Schltr.
Sobralia herzogii Schltr.
Spiranthes goodyeroides Schltr.
Stelis atrobrunnea Schltr.
Stelis buchtienii Schltr.
Stelis casanaensis Schltr.
Stelis lexa Schltr.
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figure 46. Isotype of Masdevallia buchtienii Schltr. Nr. 26509 - Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames.
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Stelis herzogii Schltr.
Stelis heterosepala Schltr.
Stelis laxa Schltr.
Stelis mandoniana Schltr.
Stelis microtathanta Schltr.
Stelis naviculigera Schltr.
Stelis ottonis Schltr.
Stelis phaeomelana Schltr.
Stelis polycarpa Schltr.
Stelis saxicola Schltr.
Stelis simacoensis Schltr.
Stelis trianguliora Schltr.
Stelis vagans Schltr.
Stelis virens Schltr.
Stelis xanthantha Schltr.
Stelis yungasensis Schltr.
Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr.
Trizeuxis andina Schltr.
Xylobium avescens Schltr.
Xylobium latifolium Schltr.
Zygopetalum bolivianum Schltr.
Chile (Fig. 47)
With the exception of a few articles on the climate of the orchid-rich countries of the sub-continent, Schlechter
did not publish anything on the orchids of Chile. The reason, as he states in the prologue to his last volume
on the orchid-oras of the Andean countries (V. Bolivia, 1922) was the appearance in 1910 of Karl Reiche’s
Orchidaceae Chilenses, ensayo de una monografía de las Orquideas de Chile12, under the assumption that not
many novelties could be expected in the short period of time elapsed since its publication.
However, in his Monograph on the Spiranthinae (1920) Schlechter published a new combination: Brachystele
unilateralis (Por.) Schltr.
12 Reiche, K. 1910. Orchidaceae Chilenses, ensayo de una monographia de las Orquideas de Chile. Anales del Museo
Nacional de Chile, vol. 18.
Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1917–1919 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LIV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis,
Vol.15: 210–217.
Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis., Vol.
16: 353–358.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt.
Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
Schlechter’s network in Argentina (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• hieronymus, Georg Hans Emmo (1845–1921), collected 1872–1883.
• wendt, H. (?), collected 1907–1912.
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Argentina
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Argentina, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
argentina (Fig. 47)
Pteroglossa Schltr.
New orchid genera
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Aa achalensis Schltr.
Aa lorentzii Schltr.
Aa schickendanzii Schltr.
Chloraea reticulata Schltr.
New orchid species
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figure 47. Map of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay by Pablo Ludwig, 1914.
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Specic orchid tribes and subtribes, genera or species
1910–1911 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas XVI-XVII. Repertorium specierum novarum
regni vegetabilis, Vol.10: 21–32.
1917–1919 Schlechter, R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXV. Repertorium specierum novarum regni
vegetabilis., Vol. 16: 353–358.
1920 Schlechter, R. Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae. Beihefte zum Botanischen
Centralblatt. Zweite Abteilung, Systematik, Panzengeographie, angewandte Botanik 37(2): 317–454.
1925 Schlechter. R. Orchidaceae novae et criticae, Decas LXXVIII-LXXIX. Repertorium specierum novarum
regni vegetabilis, Vol. 21: 330–343.
Schlechter’s network in Paraguay (orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors)
• fiebrig, Karl August Gustav (1879–1951), collected 1902–1950.
• hassler, Emil (1864–1937), collected 1895–1909, 1914, 1920–1937.
• roJas Vera, Teodoro (1877–1954), collected 1907–1944.
• wendt, H. (?), collected 1907–1912.
Habenaria amambayensis Schltr.
Habenaria deistelii
Habenaria ebrigii Schltr.
Habenaria schindleri
Oncidium emilii Schltr.
Oncidium minutiorum Schltr.
Oncidium ostenianum Schltr. (Fig. 48)
Ponthieva hassleri Schltr.
New orchid species
Orchids described by R. Schlechter from Paraguay
The following is a list of the orchids described by R. Schlechter as new to science from Paraguay, as enumerated in the
aforementioned bibliography (only basionyms):
paraguay (Fig. 47)
The only mention to orchids from Uruguay in Schlechter’s publiactions are new combinations in the genus
Brachystele, which he published in his monograph on the Spiranthinae (1920): B. arechavaletae (Kränzl.) Schltr.,
B. camporum (Lindl.) Schltr. and B. dilatata (Lindl.) Schltr.
uruguay (Fig. 47)
Ames, O. (1944). Destruction of the Schlechter Herbarium by Bombing. American Orchid Society Bulletin, 13(4).
Ames, O. (1979). Jottings of a Harvard botanist. Botanical Museum of Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Cribb, P. (2010). The life and travels of Friedrich Carl Lehmann. Lankesteriana, 10(2–3), 9–30.
Fibeck, W. (2012–2014). Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925). Leben und Wirken einer Orchideologenlegende. Orchideenjournal,
19(1), 119–127 (Part 1); 19(4), 163–170 (Part 2); 20(2), 71–81 (Part 3); 20(4), 161–169 (Part 4); 21(2), 59–68 (Part 5).
Fibeck, W. (2015). “Es gibt noch viel zu tun.” Zum 90. Todestag von Rudolf Schlechter. Orchideenjournal 22(4), 145–147.
Field Museum of Natural History (2018). Berlin negatives. Retrieved at https://www.eldmuseum.org/node/5186.
Harvard University (2018a). Correspondence les of the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium. 1909–1960. Correspondence
between Oakes Ames, Rudolf Schlechter and Alexandra Schlechter.
Harvard University (2018b). Correspondence les of the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium. 1921–1924. Correspondence
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figure 48. Isotype of Oncidium ostenianum Schltr.collected by T. Rojas in Paraguay. Nr. 58889 – Orchid Herbarium of
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LANKESTERIANA 19(2). 2019. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2019.
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