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A new species of the genus Astragalus (Leguminosae) from Northwest Iran

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A new species Astragalus taleshensis (Astragaleae; Leguminosae) is described and illustrated here as a new species from the Talesh Mountains in northwestern Iran. This species belongs to section Malacothrix. Diagnostic morphological characters in discriminating this new species from its close relative A. khajiboulaghensis are tabulated. Some notes are presented on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of the new taxon. Also, some other species belong to section Malacothrix that occur in the Talesh Mountains are listed.
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A SHORT SURVEY ON THE GENUS ASTRAGALUS OF BOZGHOUSH
MOUNTAIN
A. A. Maassoumi, V. Mozaffarian & A. Ramezani
Received 2015. 04.14; accepted for publication2015.08.19
Maassoumi, A.A., Mozaffarian, V. & Ramazani, A. 2015.12.31: A short survey on the genus Astragalus of
Bozghoush Mountain.- Iran. J. Bot. 21 (2): 94-99. Tehran.
Two new species of Astragalus are described and illustrated, besides a checklist of about 75 Astragalus species
collected from 33 different localities in Bozghoush chain Mountain are provided. The taxonomic characters of the
new species are discussed and compared with the closely related species.
Ali Asghar Maassoumi (correspondence <Maassoumi@rifr-ac.ir>) & Valiollah Mozaffarian, Research Institute of
Forests and Rangelands P. O. Box 13185-116.- Adel Ramezani, Mountain Environment Protection Society (MEPS),
Tehran, Iran.
Key words: Bozghoush Mountain; checklist; Fabaceae; Astragalus; new species; Azarbaijan; Iran
ﺮﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺟا ﻲﺷﺮﮕﻧنﻮﮔ ﺲﻨﺟ ردشﻮﻗ ﺰﺑ هﻮﻛ
ﻠﻋ ﺮﻐﺻا ﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ، رﻮﺸﻛ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ و ﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﺟ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ دﺎﺘﺳا
ﻲﻟو ﻪﻟا ،نﺎﻳﺮﻔﻈﻣ رﻮﺸﻛ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ و ﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﺟ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد
لدﺎﻋ ﻧﺎﻀﻣر، نﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻦﻤﺠﻧا ﻮﻀﻋ
ود ﺪﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ اﺮﺑ نﻮﮔ ﺲﻨﺟ زاي اناﺮ حﺮﺷ نﺎﻬﺟ و وﺎﺼﺗ و هﺪﺷ هداد ﻪﺋارا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻚﭼ و ددﺮﮔﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ نﻮﮔ زاي شﻮﻗﺰﺑ هﻮﻛ تﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرا
ﻪﺋارا ﺮﻗ ﻪﻛ ددﺮﮔ 75 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ا ارﻮﻠﻓ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ نﻮﮔﻧاﺮﺎﻜ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﻲﻳ ﻪﺋارا و ددﺮﮔ .ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔي ﺪﺟ زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋAstragalus Sect.
(Incani) turkaman-chaiensis
وAstragalus Sect. (Malacothrix) bozghoushensis
تﺎﻔﺻ ﻣوﺰﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫي رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻪﺋارا هﺪﺷ و ﺎﺑ دﺰﻧ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻘﻣﻪﺴ دﻮﺷ.
INTRODUCTION
Bozghoush Mountain Range is situated on the
North of Miane and South of Sarab Plain in E.
Azerbaijan, Iran. Bozghoush Mountain Range
prolonging from east to west, estimated approximately
120 km long and 45 km wide, containing 326000
hectares of top area, rocky mountain and the vast plans.
The highest peak of this mountain is about 3320 m.
Annual precipitation is about 281.1 mm, but in higher
altitudes increasing up to 400-500 mm. The annual
temperature range is 5-15˚C.
Vegetation feature of this area is the shrubs such as
Amygdalus, Crataegus, Malus and various types of
annuals and perennial herbs. Bozghoush Mountain
Range with capturing the humidity of Caspian Sea and
with different type of geological structure provided
different of micro-climatical conditions and several
characteristic habitats.
The rich vegetation and the flora within all
Azarbaijan areas are very distinctive but there are poor
botanical expeditions and knowledge for this area. The
flora of Iran consists of nearly 8000 wild plant species
and Astragalus is the largest genus of its flora with
nearly 826 species (Ghahremaninejad, 2015). Based on
huge plant collections, the genus Astragalus which is
widely covered the area and plays the great role in the
soil protection of the area, has been deeply studied. In
this research program more than 75 distinct species of
Astragalus based on Podlech, Podlech & al (1999-
2012)in Astragalus in Flora Iranica and Astragalus of
Iran, A. A. Maassoumi, Bozghoush vegetation,
Mozaffarian – Adel Ramezani, (2013) were identified
and two new species are described as new to the
science.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During years 2006 to 2011, in more than 25
botanical excursions to the thirty three collecting sights
95 A survey on the genus Astragalus of Bozghoush Mountain IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015
as representatives of the area more than 2000 plant
specimens (Mozaffarian & Ramezani “M. & R.”) were
collected and deposited in the Central Herbarium of
Iran in Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland
(TARI).
Collecting sites
The following sites have been expedited and plant
meterials were collected:
1- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Charan, 1600 m
2- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
beginning of the road from Gharibdust to Yengeje,
1670 m
3- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
between Gharibdust and Yengeje, around
Mehmandust, 1670-1885 m
4- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area, Kuhe
Bouzgosh from Varzaghan village, 1960 m
5- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Varankesh village, 1950 m
6- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Neshagh village, 1880 m
7- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area, from
Tushmanlu and Livanlu, 2210 m
8- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Neshagh, 2570 m
9- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Neshagh, top mountain, 2560 m
10- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Gharibduit, Kalhur to Bozghoush, top mountain,
2425 m
11- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Bozghoost top mountain from Gengadik and
Khanghah, 2965 m
12- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount.area, Blucan,
1880 m
13- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Gharibduit, 1600 m
14- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Kalhour to top, 1900-2500 m
15- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area, Tark,
after Sarighamish, fandughlu, foot mountain
Bozghoush, 1700-2000 m
16- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Turkmanchai, Mulla hagi, 1700-2000 m
17- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Fandughlu, Bozghoush mountan, 2000-2700 m
18- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Fandughlu to Sevin village to Barzagh 2200-2800
m
19- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Avenligh to Mushbaglu, Gheshlaghe Berzliegh, ca.
1800 m
20- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Avenligh to Mushabaglu, ca. 2100 m
21- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Turkmenchai, Kalhor to Bozghoush to top
mountain ca. 3000 m
22- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Charan, Khalifelu (Bozghoush mountain), ca. 2500
m
23- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Avenligh, ca. 1900 m
24- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Bulucan, Helemsi, ca. 2500 m
25- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Neshagh to top of Bozghoush, Benarun, 2600-3000
m
26- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Gharibdust, 1600 m
27- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Turkmenchai, ca. 1600 m
28- Azarbaijan: Miane, around Ghaflankuh, ca. 1100 m
29- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Turkmenshai, Zarringhaba, ca. 2100 m
30- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Gharibdust, 1650 m.
31- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
Varankesh, top mountain of Bozghoush ca. 2900 m
32- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area, Tark
to Khalkhal, Hajikhalile village ca. 1900 m
33- Azarbaijan: Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area,
varzaghan, Bozghoush top montian Azarbaijan:
Miane, Bozghoush Mount. Area, Charan, 1600 m
RESULTS
In this investigation about 1200 species belonging
to different families including Astraceae (67genera
with 206 species); Fabaceae (22 genera with 159
species); Poaceae (45 genera with 98 species);
Lamiaceae (45 genera with 69 species); Brassicaceae
(39 genera with 63 species); Apiaceae (41 genera with
61 species); Rosaceae (21 genera with 47 species);
Boraginaceae (19 genera with 38 species);
Scrophullariaceae (12 genera with 36 species) and
Caryphyllaceae (19 genera with 63 species) as the
major dominant taxa were collected.
About 35 plant families with few species were also
observed. The majorities of these families are:
Alismataceae, Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae,
Araceae, Aristolochiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Cornaceae,
Coryllaceae, Ephedraceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae,
Lythraceae, Oleaceae, Ulmaceae.
Within the determined genera, the genus Astragalus
with 75 species, Centaurea with 20 species and
Ranunculus with 17 distinct species are remarkable and
abundant taxa in the area.
The genus Astragalus with 75 species (29 sections)
is one of the genera with high number of species in the
IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015 A.A. Maassoumi & al. 96
studied sight. The checklist of Astragalus species with
their corresponding sections are shown below:
Sect.
Adiaspastus
Bunge
Astragalus michauxianus Boiss. 8, 12, M. & R. 94566
(TARI), 94727 (TARI)
Astragalus aureus Willd. 14, M. & R. 94932 (TARI)
Astragalus polyanthus Bunge 11, M. & R. 94662
(TARI)
Sect.
Alopecuroidei
DC.
Astragalus echinops Boiss. 3, 8, M. & R. 93328
(TARI), 94556 (TARI)
Astragalus maaboudi Ranjbar 24, M. & R. 96513
(TARI)
Astragalus speciosus Boiss. &Hohen, 4, M. & R.
93359 (TARI)
Sect.
Ankylotus
Bunge
Astragalus commixtus Bunge 30, M. & R. 97484
Sect.
Annulares
DC.
Astragalus Campylorrhynchus F. & M. 28, M. & R.
96610 (TARI)
Astragalus cruciatus Schultz, 28, M. & R. 96612
(TARI)
Sect.
Astragalus
Astragalus caragana Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 1, M. & R.
93273 (TARI)
Sect.
Brachycalyx
Bunge
Astragalus caspius Bieb. 2, 10, 19, 16, M. & R. 93312
(TARI), 96417 (TARI), 96410 (TARI), 96365 (TARI)
Sect.
Bucerates
DC.
Astragalus hamosus L. 2, M. & R. 93307 (TARI)
Sect.
Caprini
DC.
Astragalus aegobromus Boiss. & Hohen. 31, M. & R.
97489 (TARI)
Astragalus anguistiflorus C. Koch subsp. anguistiflorus
4, 7, 31, M. & R. 97487 (TARI), 94553 (TARI), 93406
(TARI)
Astragalus basilicus Podl. & Maasoumi 32, M. & R.
97490 (TARI)
Astragalus gypsaceus G. Beck 16, M. & R. 101996
(TARI)
Astragalus kiripicznikovii Grossh. 30 M. & R. 97482
(TARI)
Astragalus macropelmatus Bunge subsp.
macropelmatus, M. & R.101993 (TARI)
Astragalus ovinus Boiss. 12, M. & R. 94741 (TARI)
Astragalus pineterum subsp. pinetorum 9, 11, 31 M. &
R. 94648 (TARI), 97486 (TARI), 94591 (TARI)
Sect.
Dissitiflori
DC.
Astragalus xiphidium Bunge 28, M. & R. 96603
(TARI)
Sect.
Heterodontus
Bunge
Astragalus guttatus Banks & Soland. 23, M. & R.
96503 (TARI), 96501 (TARI)
Sect.
Hololeuce
Bunge
Astragalus alyssoides Lam. 33, M. & R. 97497 (TARI)
Sect.
Hymenostegis
Bunge
Astragalus bashmaghensis Maassumi & Podlech 6, 7,
M. & R. 93446 (TARI), 94519 (TARI)
Astragalus chrysostachys Boiss. 5 M. & R. 93433
(TARI)
Astragalus hymenostegis Bunge 13, 27, M. & R. 94768
(TARI), 96553 (TARI), 93477 (TARI)
Astragalus lagupoides Lam. 3, M. & R. 93300 (TARI)
Astragalus recognitus Fischer 4, 17, M. & R. 93382
(TARI), 93386 (TARI)
Astragalus seidabadensis Bunge 6, 21, M. & R. 93447
(TARI), 96460 (TARI)
Astragalus tabrizianus Fischer 40, M. & R. 97488
(TARI)
Sect.
Incani
DC.
Astragalus curvirostris Boiss. 20, 30 M. & R. 97485
(TARI), 96441 (TARI)
Astragalus refractus C. A. Mey. 15, 29 M. & R. 93468
(TARI), 97472 (TARI), 94987 (TARI)
Astragalus robustus Bunge 33, M. & R 97495 (TARI)
Astragalus rollovii Rech.f. 20, 21, M. & R. 96438
(TARI), 101992 (TARI)
Astragalus sabetii Podlech & Maasoumi 6, 7, 29, M. &
R. 93468 (TARI), 97478 (TARI)94542 (TARI), 96294
(TARI)
New species
Astragalus turkman-chaiensis Maassoumi, Mozaff. &
Ramezani sp. nov. (fig. 1).
Differs from Astragalus rostratus Bunge with
having the yellow corolla (not violet), inflorescence 2-3
flowered ( not 5-15), leaflets 4-5 pairs (not 5-15); from
Astragalus delutulus Maassoumi with having dense
white appressed hairs (not spreading).
Plant densely caespitose, ca. 8-10 cm tall, much
divided at the base, densely covered with remnant of
petioles and stipules. Stipules pale purple, ca. 7 mm
long, at the base in ca. 2.5 mm adnate to the petiole,
loosely to rather densely covered with asymmetric
bifurcate hairs mixed with basifixed white hairs.
Leaves 7-9 cm long; petioles 3-3.5 cm long, like the
rachis loosely to rather densely covered with
asymmetric flattened appressed white hairs. Leaflets 3-
4 (-5) pairs, remote, narrowly elliptic, acute, ca. 10-15
mm long and 2-4 mm wide, both sides densely covered
with symmetric bifurcate appressed hairs, indistinctly
purplish dotted. Peduncle 3-4 cm long, hairy like the
rachis. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm long, densely black hairy.
Bracts 4-5 mm long, narrowly triangular, loosely
covered with symmetric to asymmetric black and white
hairs. Bracteoles ca. 1 mm long, at the base of calyx,
covered with sparse black and white hairs.
Inflorescence 2-4 flowered. Petals yellow, fading to
97 A survey on the genus Astragalus of Bozghoush Mountain IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015
pale violet. Calyx ca. 12 mm long, with 5 distinct
nerves, densely covered with symmetric appressed
black hairs; teeth subulate, ca. 2.5 mm long. Standard
ca. 22 mm long, the limb rhomboid, at the middle ca. 6
mm wide, elongated toward the apex. Wings ca. 20 mm
long; limb elliptic, rounded at apex, ca 7 mm long and
2 mm wide; auricle 1 mm long; claw 13 mm. Keels ca.
19 mm long; claw 12 mm. Ovary pilose, sessile. Pods
linear, erect, maculate, ca. 30-35 mm long and 3.5 mm
wide, ventrally carinate, dorsally flattened, fully
bilocular. Valves coriaceous, densely covered with
asymmetrically bifurcate appressed to subappressed
white hairs ca. 0.7 mm long; beak straight, ca. 10 mm
long.
Type: Azerbaijan: Mianeh, Turkman Chai, 1600 m,
a.s.l., Mozaffarian & Ramezani 96551 (holotypus
TARI).
Sect. Laxiflori Kirchhoff
Astragalus dictyolobus C. A. Mey. ex Bunge 27, M. &
R. 96555 (TARI)
Sect. Macrophyllium Boiss.
Astragalus oleaifolius DC. 5, M. & R. 93431 (TARI)
Sect. Malacothrix Bunge
Astragalus aznabjurticus Grossh. 29, M. & R. 97470
(TARI)
Astragalus Becki Bornm.11, M. & R.94632 (TARI)
Astragalus belgheisicus Maassoumi 34, M. & R. 93463
(TARI).
Fig. 1. Astragalus turkman-chaiensis Maassoumi, Mozaff. & Ramezani.
IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015 A.A. Maassoumi & al. 98
New species
Astragalus bozghoushensis Maassoumi, Mozaff. &
Ramezani sp. nov. (fig. 2).
Differs from Astragalus anodiophilus Podlech &
Maassoumi with having the standard ca. 15 mm long,
blade broadly ovate or shortly orbicular (not rhomboid-
elliptic), Wing and keel at the base adnate to staminal
tube.
Plant 7–8 cm tall, acaulescent, densely caespitose.
Rootstock slender, repeatedly branching, with short
subterranean stem. Stems very short, rather densely
covered with subappressed to spreading hairs up to 0.2
mm long. Stipules greenish, narrowly triangular, 4–5
mm long, adnate to the petiole for 2 mm, shortly
vaginate-connate behind the stem, with subappressed
white hairs. Leaves 36 (-8) cm long; petiole 1–3 cm
long, like the rachis slender, loosely to rather densely
covered with, ascending white 0.20.3 mm long hairs.
Leaflets in 7–10 pairs, elliptic, 6 mm long, 1.52 mm
wide, rounded to subacute at the apex, on both sides
rather densely to densely covered with spreading to
ascending hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long. Peduncle slender, 3
4 cm long, rather densely covered with ascending
white, towards the raceme also some black hairs 0.2
0.3 mm long. Raceme short, rather dense, 510-
flowered. Bracts greenish, triangular, 13 mm long,
sparsely black and white hairy. Pedicels very short.
Calyx 8–10 mm long, tubular, ± truncate at the mouth,
rather densely covered with ascending to spreading
white hairs 0.50.7 mm long and at the dorsal side and
toward the teeth with somewhat shorter black hairs,
teeth subulate, 2 mm long, black and white hairy at the
inner side. Petals greenish yellow. Standard ca. 15 mm
long; blade 7 mm wide, ovate to orbicular, abruptly
narrowed towards the claw, retuse at apex. Wings 14
mm long; blades narrowly oblong, obtuse at the apex, 7
x 3 mm; auricle ca. 1 mm long, claw 7 mm long. Keel
ca. 13 mm long; blades oblong-curved, in upper part
widely curved, in lower edge slightly concave,
subacute at the apex, 5 x 3 mm; auricle minute, acute,
claw ca. 6 mm long. Staminal tube truncate at the
mouth. Ovary sessile, ellipsoid, white hairy; style
glabrous. legume unknown.
Fig. 2. Astragalus bozghoushensis Maassoumi, Mozaff. & Ramezani.
99 A survey on the genus Astragalus of Bozghoush Mountain IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015
The unusual features such as claw of the wings and
keels in the higher part adnate to staminal tube are not
known in sect. Malacothrix Bunge, but they are
common in Tragacanthic species.
Typus: Azarbayjan: Bozghoush area, Varnakesh, top
area, 19.5.2011, ca. 2500m a. s. l., Ramezani &
Mozaffarian 101991 (holtypus TARI).
Astragalus comosus Bunge 29, M. & R. 97474 (TARI)
Astragalus elegans Bunge 29, M. & R. 97479 (TARI)
Astragalus eriopodus Boiss. 28, M. & R. 96600 (TARI)
Astragalus iranicus Bunge 29, M. & R. 97475 (TARI)
Astragalus lisaricus Maassoumi 33, M. & R. 97494
(TARI)
Astragalus patrius Maassoumi, 45, M. & R. 97477
(TARI)
Astragalus pauperiflorus Bornm.; 20, M. & R. 96440
(TARI)
Astragalus podocarpus C. A. Mey. 32, M. & R. 97492
(TARI), 93297 (TARI)
Astragalus podolobus Boiss. & Hohen. 2, M. & R.
93297 (TARI)
Astragalus senilis Bornm., 29, M. & R. 97476 (TARI)
Astragalus singarensis Boiss. & Hausskn. 29, M. & R.
97471 (TARI), 93268 (TARI)
Astragalus taebiae Zarre & Podlech 26, M. & R.
101997 (TARI)
Sect.
Onobrychioidei
DC.
Astragalus effusus Bunge 26, 30, M. & R. 96541
(TARI), 96483 (TARI)
Astragalus lilacinus Boiss.29, 32, M. & R. 97480,
97491 (TARI)
Astragalus onobrychis L. 2, M. & R. 101994 (TARI)
Astragalus scapiger Ranjbar & Maassoumi 32, M. &
R. 97491 (TARI)
Astragalus vegetus Bunge 6, 27, M. & R. 96554
(TARI), 93465 (TARI)
Sect.
Ornitopodidum
Bunge
Astragalus brachyodontus Boiss. 27, M. & R. 96547
(TARI)
Astragalus glochidiatus Maassoumi 9, M. & R. 94804
(TARI)
Sect.
Oxyglottis
Bunge
Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge 2 M. & R. 101995
(TARI)
Sect.
Platonychium
Bunge
Astragalus microcephalus subsp. microcephalus 2, 14,
22 M. & R. 93311 (TARI), 96478 (TARI)
Astragalus microcephalus subsp. pycnocladus 19, M.
& R. 96415 (TARI)
Sect.
Platyglottis
Boiss.
Astragalus camptoceras Bunge 9, M. & R. 96611
(TARI)
Sect.
Rhacophorus
Bunge
Astragalus compactus Willd.; 6, 19, 28, , M. & R.
96416, 93448 (TARI), 96611 (TARI)
Astragalus paralipomenus Bonge 4, M. & R. 93393
(TARI)
Sect.
Sesamei
DC.
Astragalus asterias Hohen. 23, M. & R. 96501 (TARI)
Astragalus tribuloides Delile 23, M. & R. 96507
(TARI)
Sect.
Stereothrix
Bunge
Astragalus capito Boiss. 18, M. & R. 96404 (TARI)
Sect.
Synocreati
DC.
Astragalus fragrans Willd.1, 14, 25, M. & R. 93250
(TARI), 94966 (TARI), 96517 (TARI)
Sect.
Theiochrus
Bunge
Astragalus siliquosus Boiss. 29, M. & R. 97473
(TARI)
Sect.
Trachycercis
Bunge
Astragalus barnassari Grossh. 11, 33, M. & R. 94651
(TARI), 97493 (TARI)
Sect.
Tricholobus
Bunge
Astragalus tricholobus DC. 26, M. & R. 96543 (TARI)
Sect.
Uliginosi
A. Gray
Astragalus odoratus Lam. 2 M. & R. 93303 (TARI)
ACKNOWLEDGEMANTS
This project was supported by th Global
Envioronmental Facilities ( GEF) and GEF/SGP
launched by UNDP .
REFERENCES
Ghahremaninejad, F. 2015; Notes about Astragalus
(Leguminosae) in Iran. Annalen des
Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 117, 279-281.
Mozaffarian, V. & Ramazani, A. 2013; Bozghoush
Vegetation and An introduction to New species. –
Kashan Ketabyar Iran.
Podlech. D. 1999; Papilionaceae III, Astragalus L. in
Rechinger K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica: 174. –
Naturhistorischen Museum Wien.
Podlech, D., Maassoumi A.A. & Zarre, SH. 2012;
Papilionaceae VII, Astragalus V. – In Rechinger
K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica: 179. – Wien:
Naturhistorischen Museum.
Podlech, D., Zarre, Sh. & Maassoumi, A. A. 2001;
Papilionaceae IV, Astragalus II. in Rechinger K. H.
(ed.), Flora Iranica: 175. –Naturhistorischen
Museum Wien.
Podlech, D., Zarre, Sh. & Maassoumi, A.A. 2010;
Papilionaceae VI, Astragalus IV. in Rechinger K.H.
(ed.), Flora Iranica: 178. –Naturhistorischen
Museum Wien.
Zarre, Sh., Maassoumi, A.A. & Podlech D., 2008.
Papilionaceae V, Astragalus III. in Rechinger K.H.
(ed.),Flora Iranica: 177.–Naturhistorischen Museum
Wien.
IRAN. J. BOT. 21 (2), 2015 A.A. Maassoumi & al. 100
... World species (Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori clusters) were also reported in Turkey (Dizkirici et al., 2014), and in Iran, A. lignipes (Roofigar and Maassoumi, 2020), and A. taleshensis (Bidarlord et al., 2016). A multi-base deletion found in the ITS1 and ITS4 regions may explain why the Neo-Astragalus cluster is more closely related to each subgroup. ...
Thesis
Full-text available
A comparative systematic study was carried out for 24 species and 1 subspecies belong to the genus Astragalus L., Family Fabaceae in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Macro and micro morphology, palynological, anatomical, molecular, chemotaxonomy, ecology and geographical distribution studies were conducted for all taxa of this genus. Phytogeographic districts were surveyed to detect the distribution of the studied species, large numbers of specimens collected; those from the University Herbarium, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani (SUFA), Herbarium of College of Sciences, University of SalahAlddin, Erbil (SUH) and Herbarium of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok (DPUH) and National Herbarium of Iraq (BAG), were studied also in addition to Flora of Iraq vol No.3 and each of Flora of Iranica, Turkey and Syria, Palstinia and Sina. Four species and many new locations for most of the Taxa were recorded for the first time in Iraq. This study indicates that the characteristics of leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruit were collectively contributed in the separation and identification of taxa. Characters, calyx, corolla and pods were found to be the most stables. Palynological studies as pollen shape, diameter and configuration had been an aid for identification of pollen which were found to be tricolporate. The anatomy of leaf and stem of all species were investigated and the shape of ordinary epidermal cells of the leaf, stomata type, palisade cells compactness and vascular bundles arrangements were more important in the classification of the species. The molecular study supports the taxonomical position of current species within the genus. Despite extensive research, little is known about the phylogenetic relationships among the various taxa of Astragalus L.. This research is intended to investigate the molecular variation of 33 species of the genus Astragalus L. found in the Kurdistan area of Iraq. For molecular validations, three separate techniques (nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP)) were used. With respect to Astragalus L. indentations, universal ITS1 and ITS4 gene sequencing was used, and the discovered sequences were subjected to BLAST searches in the NCBI database. A phylogenetic tree was generated with two main clades. Regarding the detect of genetic diversity between the taxa, 24 molecular markers (14 ISSR and 10 CDDP) were used. High values of polymorphic materials and gene diversity were detected. ISSR markers had an average of 22.71 polymorphic bands per primer, while CDDP markers had the highest mean values for polymorphic information content (0.37), Shannon’s information index (0.27), expected heterozygosity (0.19), and unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.23). Cluster and principal coordinate analyses divided the Astragalus L. taxa into four main groups using the two molecular data sets. According to the results of the molecular variance analysis, the highest variation was detected within sections, with values of 92.01 and 89.48% for ISSR and CDDP markers, respectively. These outcomes suggest the effectiveness of molecular markers and the ITS region in determining and identifying genetic correlations between Astragalus species. The chemical part of this study included two main methods: First: Quantitative estimation of the chemical compounds from leaves by using the GC-MS. The estimates conducted indicated the presence of 331 chemical compounds, one hundred six of the main compounds, which were found in three or more taxa. The presence of these compounds in the majority of the species under study is evidence that these species belong to the one genus, forty-one compounds were found in only two species, and the remaining compounds were observed one hundred eighty-four unique compounds were present in only one taxon. Second: Detection of the phytochemical activity of the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) and antioxidant activity by (DPPH) assay of the plant extract of the leaves of the species under study. The results showed significant differences between the varieties in the total phenolic content, in the total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity by (DPPH) assay, and this led to the distribution of the species under study into different main groups. The geographic distribution and ecology of the species were studied using Iraq phytogeographic districts, the Astragalus L. taxa make a significant contribution to the mountainous, steppe ecosystems and made maps of the distribution of these taxa over the natural geographical provinces of the Kurdistan region of Iraq for the purpose of supporting the isolation and diagnosis of the various taxa. It was found that the distribution is related to altitude as in the species of A. eriocephalus, which is distributed the high altitudes; A. mollis, A. pulchellus, A. sarae, A. michauxianus, A. lobophorus, A. rawianus and A. cephalotes had a wide range of distribution A. eriocephalus, A. lagurus, A. nervistipulus, A. cyclophyllon and A. aduncus showed a limited distribution. All the taxa of this genus were fully described for the first time conducted on Iraqi specimens, new species A. chrysostachys, A. nervistipulus, A. cyclophyllon and A. aduncus were recorded for the first time in Iraq, and some rarely distributed species in Iraq A. eriocephalus, A. brachycalyx, and A. rawianus were identified. In addition, the environment for each species grows was described, and the duration of flowering and fruiting for each taxon was determined. These taxa varied in flowering period, according to the nature of the plant and the environment they grow at. As a result of the expansion of this study and the comprehensive and repeated survey of the provinces of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the species A. chrysostachys, A. nervistipulus, A. cyclophyllon, and A. aduncus were recorded for the first time in Iraq. Finally, the treatment taxonomy of each species of the genus Astragalus L. were processed using identification keys.
... Some Astragalus species in this study were recorded for the first time in the NCBI, including A. michauxianum, A. basianicus, A. sarae, A. singarensis, A. brachystachys, and A. rawianus. In this respect, New World species (Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori clusters) were also reported in Turkey [34], and in Iran, A. lignipes [38] and A. taleshensis [39]. A multi-base deletion found in the ITS1 and ITS4 regions may explain why the Neo-Astragalus cluster is more closely related to each subgroup. ...
Article
Full-text available
Astragalus L. is one of the main genera of blossoming plants, and its diversity of species and forms is well known. The Astragalus L. taxa make a significant contribution to the mountainous and steppe ecosystems of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Although the species within this genus have been the subject of several molecular studies, the evolutionary relationships among these species remain unidentified. Despite extensive research, little is known about the phylogenetic relationships among the various subgenera of Astragalus. This research is intended to investigate the molecular variation of 33 species of the genus Astragalus L. found in the Kurdistan area of Iraq. For molecular validations, three separate techniques (nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP)) were used. With respect to Astragalus L. indentations, universal ITS1 and ITS4 gene sequencing was used, and the discovered sequences were subjected to BLAST searches in the NCBI database. A phylogenetic tree was generated with two main clades. Regarding detecting genetic diversity between the taxa, 24 molecular markers (14 ISSR and 10 CDDP) were used. High values of polymorphic materials and gene diversity were detected. ISSR markers had an average of 22.71 polymorphic bands per primer, while CDDP markers had the highest mean values for polymorphic information content (0.37), Shannon's information index (0.27), expected heterozygosity (0.19), and unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.23). Cluster and principal coordinate analyses divided the Astragalus L. taxa into four main groups using the two molecular data sets. According to the results of the molecular variance analysis, the highest variation was detected within sections, with values of 92.01 and 89.48% for ISSR and CDDP markers, respectively. These outcomes suggest the effectiveness of molecular markers and the ITS region in determining and identifying genetic correlations between Astragalus species.
... Some Astragalus species in this study were recorded for the first time in the NCBI, including A. michauxianum, A. basianicus, A. sarae, A. singarensis, A. brachystachys, and A. rawianus. In this respect, New World species (Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori clusters) were also reported in Turkey [34], and in Iran, A. lignipes [38] and A. taleshensis [39]. A multi-base deletion found in the ITS1 and ITS4 regions may explain why the Neo-Astragalus cluster is more closely related to each subgroup. ...
Article
Full-text available
Astragalus L. is one of the main genera of blossoming plants, and its diversity of species and forms is well known. The Astragalus L. taxa make a significant contribution to the mountainous and steppe ecosystems of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Although the species within this genus have been the subject of several molecular studies, the evolutionary relationships among these species remain unidentified. Despite extensive research, little is known about the phylogenetic relationships among the various subgenera of Astragalus. This research is intended to investigate the molecular variation of 33 species of the genus Astragalus L. found in the Kurdistan area of Iraq. For molecular validations, three separate techniques (nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP)) were used. With respect to Astragalus L. indentations, universal ITS1 and ITS4 gene sequencing was used, and the discovered sequences were subjected to BLAST searches in the NCBI database. A phylogenetic tree was generated with two main clades. Regarding detecting genetic diversity between the taxa, 24 molecular markers (14 ISSR and 10 CDDP) were used. High values of polymorphic materials and gene diversity were detected. ISSR markers had an average of 22.71 polymorphic bands per primer, while CDDP markers had the highest mean values for polymorphic information content (0.37), Shannon's information index (0.27), expected heterozygosity (0.19), and unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.23). Cluster and principal coordinate analyses divided the Astragalus L. taxa into four main groups using the two molecular data sets. According to the results of the molecular variance analysis, the highest variation was detected within sections, with values of 92.01 and 89.48% for ISSR and CDDP markers, respectively. These outcomes suggest the effectiveness of molecular markers and the ITS region in determining and identifying genetic correlations between Astragalus species.
... It is the most diverse genus in Iran where it includes around 848 accepted species until now (Podlech & Zare 2013, Bagheri et al. 2019, Akhavan Roofigar & Maassoumi 2020, Ghahremaninejad & Joharchi 2020, Nasseh et al. 2020, Pahlevani et al. 2020, Bidarlord & Ghahremaninejad 2021, Mehrnia & Maassoumi 2021. Iran is one of the main and centers of diversity of the large genus Astragalus with a high degree of endemism over 60% (Bidarlord et al. 2016). Astragalus species make about 10.5% of the Iranian flora (Ghahremaninejad 2015). ...
Article
Full-text available
An emended description of Astragalus nigriceps is provided with illustrations and information on several morphological characters not indicated in the protologue but necessary for identification, including the size of stipule, leaflet, peduncle, bract, calyx, petals, fruit, and also characteristics of raceme and pistil. This species is a new record for the flora of Iran. A detailed description, ecology, and biogeography of the species are given along with the conservation status of the species.
... If we accept the estimated number of 295,383 species for the angiosperms (Christenhusz & Byng 2016), then the huge genus Astragalus alone represents a little more than one percent of the flora of angiosperms in the world. It is also the major genus of flowering plants in the territory of Iran, with more than 60% endemism (Bidarlord et al. 2016). This genus is a member of the legume family or Fabaceae and is generally ordered in the tribe Galegeae (Bronm.) ...
Article
Full-text available
Type materials of Astragalus moussavii (Fabaceae) are designated as a lectotype and our isolectotypes. An epitype for the species is designated here too. An emended description of A. moussavii is provided with illustrations and information on several morphological characters not indicated in the protologue, including the size and shape of the terminal leaflet, petals characteristics, fruit and seed features. Based on field observations, a brief description of the habitat and data on ecology and biogeography of the species are provided and its conservation status is evaluated.
... Some introduced species were again collected and according to the morphological characters confirmed their existence and recorded new location for their distribution area A. andabilensis Ranjbar & Mahmoudian (Ranjbar et al. 2013) recorded again from Aq-Dagh Alpine zone, A. zarjabadensis Ranjbar (Maassoumi & Ranjbar 1996) recorded again from Lerd village. A. taleshensis Bidarlord, F.Ghahrem. & Maassoumi has described as a new species during this invetigation (Bidarlord et al. 2016) here, we added new locality for this species. ...
Article
Full-text available
The largest genus in Iran has investigated in Talesh Mountains. These mountains are located along the transition area between Irano-Turanian and Hyrcanian phytochoria in the northwest Iran. Astragalus with 61 species belong to 20 sections represents in Talesh Mountains alpine and subalpine zones, 21 are endemic, and 27 taxa either in the country’s or the state’s Red Lists of categories. The results provides checklist of Astragalus species, a taxonomic comments for some species, also recorded some species from NW Iran and report new localities for recently introduced Astragalus species.
Article
Full-text available
Astragalus L. is one of the largest angiosperm complex genera that belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae or Faboideae under the subtribe Astragalinae of the tribe Galegeae. The current study includes the whole plant morphology, DNA barcode (ITS2), and molecular marker (SCoT). Ten taxa representing four species of Astragalus were collected from different localities in Egypt during the period from February 2018 to May 2019.
Article
Full-text available
Here 840 th species of genus Astragalus is recorded for flora of Iran. Astragalus globiceps Bunge, belonging to Astragalus section Alopecuroidei DC., is recognized in NE Iran, Khorassan Province. This species has already been recorded in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan and Afghanistan. The picture and distribution map are presented, together with a description on the basis of the mentioned specimen and previous descriptions.
Article
Full-text available
Considering fundamental changes in the classification of angiosperms, based on phylogenetic studies, makes revising and updating Floras inevitable. Hence, in this paper, changes in the flora of Afghanistan have been listed and compared with the flora of Iran. As the latest studies indicate, according to APG IV system, the flora of Afghanistan comprises 40 orders, 130 families, about 1030 genera and 5065 species of angiosperms. In comparison the flora of Iran comprises 42 orders, 139 families, nearly 1252 genera and 8090 species of angiosperms. Moreover, the two countries share 39 orders, 124 families, 844 genera and about 1800 species. In Afghanistan the largest number of families belongs to Lamiales and in Iran to Caryophyllales. Asteraceae contains the largest number of genera in both countries. As far as the number of species in concerned, the largest angiosperms family in Afghanistan is Asteraceae, but in Iran it is Fabaceae. The most diverse genera of both countries are Astragalus and Cousinia respectively. Gymnosperms have two orders, four families, seven genera and 22 species in Afghanistan, while in Iran they have two orders, three families, five genera and 17 species. By adding 58 species of pteridophytes and 311 species of bryophytes to Afghanistan’s flora and 60 species of pteridophytes and 534 species of bryophytes to Iran’s flora, in total, Embryophyta have approximately 5460 species in Afghanistan and 8700 species in Iran.
Bozghoush Vegetation and An introduction to New species
  • V Mozaffarian
  • A Ramazani
Mozaffarian, V. & Ramazani, A. 2013; Bozghoush Vegetation and An introduction to New species. -Kashan Ketabyar Iran.
Azarbayjan: Bozghoush area, Varnakesh, top area, 19
  • Typus
Typus: Azarbayjan: Bozghoush area, Varnakesh, top area, 19.5.2011, ca. 2500m a. s. l., Ramezani & Mozaffarian 101991 (holtypus TARI).
96611 (TARI) Sect. Rhacophorus Bunge Astragalus compactus Willd
  • Astragalus Camptoceras Bunge
Astragalus camptoceras Bunge 9, M. & R. 96611 (TARI) Sect. Rhacophorus Bunge Astragalus compactus Willd.; 6, 19, 28,, M. & R. 96416, 93448 (TARI), 96611 (TARI) Astragalus paralipomenus Bonge 4, M. & R. 93393 (TARI) Sect. Sesamei DC.
96483 (TARI) Astragalus lilacinus Boiss (TARI) Astragalus onobrychis L. 2, M. & R. 101994 (TARI) Astragalus scapiger Ranjbar & Maassoumi 32
  • Astragalus Effusus Bunge
Astragalus effusus Bunge 26, 30, M. & R. 96541 (TARI), 96483 (TARI) Astragalus lilacinus Boiss.29, 32, M. & R. 97480, 97491 (TARI) Astragalus onobrychis L. 2, M. & R. 101994 (TARI) Astragalus scapiger Ranjbar & Maassoumi 32, M. & R. 97491 (TARI) Astragalus vegetus Bunge 6, 27, M. & R. 96554 (TARI), 93465 (TARI) Sect. Ornitopodidum Bunge Astragalus brachyodontus Boiss. 27, M. & R. 96547 (TARI) Astragalus glochidiatus Maassoumi 9, M. & R. 94804 (TARI) Sect. Oxyglottis Bunge Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge 2 M. & R. 101995 (TARI) Sect. Platonychium Bunge
(TARI) Sect. Theiochrus Bunge Astragalus siliquosus Boiss. 29, M. & R. 97473 (TARI) Sect. Trachycercis Bunge Astragalus barnassari Grossh
  • Willd Astragalus
Astragalus fragrans Willd.1, 14, 25, M. & R. 93250 (TARI), 94966 (TARI), 96517 (TARI) Sect. Theiochrus Bunge Astragalus siliquosus Boiss. 29, M. & R. 97473 (TARI) Sect. Trachycercis Bunge Astragalus barnassari Grossh. 11, 33, M. & R. 94651 (TARI), 97493 (TARI) Sect. Tricholobus Bunge Astragalus tricholobus DC. 26, M. & R. 96543 (TARI) Sect. Uliginosi A. Gray Astragalus odoratus Lam. 2 M. & R. 93303 (TARI) REFERENCES Ghahremaninejad, F. 2015; Notes about Astragalus (Leguminosae) in Iran. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 117, 279-281.