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Original research paper
Aphyllophoroid funga (Basidiomycota) of Finland: range extensions and records of
nationally new and rare species
Panu Kunttu1*, Teppo Helo2, Matti Kulju3, Jari Julkunen4, Jorma Pennanen5, Anton G.
Shiryaev6, Hannu Lehtonen7, Heikki Kotiranta8
1 World Wide Fund for Nature, Lintulahdenkatu 10, FI-00500 Helsinki, Finland
2 Erätie 13 C 19, FI-87200 Kajaani, Finland
3 Biodiversity Unit P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
4 Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, ELY Centre for North
Savo, P.O. Box 2000, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
5 Keskuskatu 68 A 9, FI-10300, Karjaa, Finland
6 Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of
Sciences (UrB RAS), Vegetation and Mycobiota Biodiversity Department, 8 March str.
202/3, Ekaterinburg, RU-620144 Russia
7 Alamäentie 591, FI-29310 Kaasmarkku, Finland
8 Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
*Corresponding author. Email: panu.kunttu@iki.fi
Abstract
Knowledge of the Finnish aphyllophoroid funga has increased substantially in recent years. In
this article, we present two species new to Finland: Spiculogloea subminuta Hauerslev and
Typhula suecica I. Olariaga, G. Corriol, I. Salcedo & K. Hansen, and document Sistotrema
luteoviride Kotir. & K.-H. Larss. for the third time globally. We also contribute 50 new
records of 33 nationally rare species (with a maximum of ten previous records in Finland) and
list 52 regionally new species, found for the first time in a certain subzone of the boreal
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vegetation zone in Finland. Each record is enclosed and contains notes on the substrate.
Furthermore, the ecology of the nationally new species and the distribution of rare species are
discussed.
Keywords: aphyllophorales; biogeography; clavarioids; corticioids; polypores; wood-
inhabiting fungi
Running head: Aphyllophoroid funga of Finland
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Introduction
Aphyllophoroid fungi are an ecological and morphological form group of the Basidiomycota,
which consists of morphologically varied fungal sub-groups, such as corticioids, polypores,
clavarioids, and tremelloids. These groups are highly taxonomically diverse and polyphyletic
[1]. Aphyllophoroid fungi consist of wood decay fungi, litter decay fungi, ectomycorrhizal
species, parasitic fungi, and mycoparasites [2].
The Finnish aphyllophoroid funga comprises 1043 species [2,3, H. Kotiranta, unpubl.], the
majority of which are corticioids and polypores [2,4‒5]. A large body of knowledge on the
occurrence and distribution of aphyllophoroid species has been accumulated after the first
Finnish checklist [2], especially on polypores and corticioids, but also on clavarioids [e.g. 3‒
11].
However, the occurrence and distribution of many aphyllophoroid species in Finland are still
not adequately known; therefore, there are large gaps in the knowledge of their ecology,
biogeography, substrata, and habitat requirements and their conservation status and accurate
threat levels are difficult to evaluate. The main reasons for this gap are time-consuming
sampling, inconspicuous basidiomata that are difficult to find, narrow ecological niches
(substratum), and challenges in species identification.
In this article, we present new records of aphyllophoroid fungi in Finland, considering three
types of records: species new to Finland; rare or seldom collected species with a maximum of
ten previous records in Finland; and species that are new to a certain subzone (section) of the
boreal vegetation zone in Finland.
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Materials & Methods
The records in this article were mainly obtained during 2017 and 2018 but also include some
older records. The majority of the records were derived from species inventories conducted in
different parts of Finland, but sporadic records were also included. Some records were
obtained during inventories as a result of random species sampling, such as inventories for the
Finnish Atlas of Fungi (http://www.sieniatlas.fi) or the BioBlitz species inventory event in the
Koli National Park. Inventory methods varied to some extent, but opportunistic species
sampling was often carried out [12].
In these records, we generally used two levels to name the sites: a municipality and a
topographical site; however, in some cases the name of a village or large nature conservation
area were also used. The Finnish National Uniform Coordinate System (UCS, 27° E) [13] was
used to obtain coordinates. Biogeographical provinces (at the beginning of each record) were
determined according to Knudsen & Vesterholt [14], and Latin province names are presented
on the website of the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility [15] alongside the division of
provinces [16]. The map showing the forest vegetation zones and their subzones (Fig. 1) was
modified based on Rassi et al. [17]. In accordance with the above-mentioned sources, the
names of the subzones are presented in English (e.g. Ostrobothnia), unlike the Latin names of
the biogeographical provinces (e.g. Ostrobottnia).
Taxonomy and nomenclature mainly followed those by Hjortstam & Ryvarden [18], Kotiranta
et al. [2], and Niemelä [5]; however, Bernicchia & Gorjón [19] were used for some species.
The Finnish national red-list evaluation of the IUCN standard corresponds to Kotiranta et al.
[20] and if the species status was of Least Concern, it was not mentioned. The decay stage
classification (1–5) of dead wood was carried out according to Renvall [21], with stage 1
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referring to hard dead wood and stage 5 referring to completely decayed wood. The diameter
of dead wood was measured at breast height if the trunk was complete and from the middle if
the trunk was broken. We use the term “kelo” to refer to dead and old-growth trunks of Scots
pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with a grey and decorticated surface. Scots pine mainly become kelo
trees in dry and barren forest habitats [22,23].
Material was collected, identified, and confirmed by several researchers as described in the
record details using the following abbreviations: TH = Teppo Helo, JJ = Jari Julkunen, HK =
Heikki Kotiranta, MK = Matti Kulju, HL = Hannu Lehtonen, JP = Jorma Pennanen, and AS =
Anton Shiryaev. The collector was also the identifier, unless otherwise stated. The code after
the collector’s name or abbreviation represents the personal sampling number of the
specimen. Voucher specimens were deposited in the herbaria of the universities of Helsinki
(H), Oulu (OULU), Turku (TUR), and Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, the Urals
Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SVER), and/or in the private reference herbaria
of Teppo Helo (TH), Heikki Kotiranta (HK), or Jorma Pennanen (JP).
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Fig. 1 Boreal forest vegetation zones (1–4) and their subzones in Finland. (1a) Hemiboreal,
Åland; (1b) Hemiboreal, Oak Zone; (2a) Southern Boreal, Southwestern Finland, and
Southern Ostrobothnia; (2b) Southern Boreal, Lake District; (3a) Middle Boreal,
Ostrobothnia; (3b) Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu; (3c) Middle Boreal,
Southwestern Lapland; (4a) Northern Boreal, Kuusamo district; (4b) Northern Boreal, North
Ostrobothnia; (4c) Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland; and (4d) Northern Boreal, Fjeld Lapland.
Results
Two of the presented species are new to Finland: Spiculogloea subminuta Hauerslev and
Typhula suecica I. Olariaga, G. Corriol, I. Salcedo & K. Hansen. The discovery of Sistotrema
luteoviride is the third recorded globally, with all records being from Finland. We present 50
new records (localities) of the following 33 rare or infrequently collected species (a maximum
of ten previous records in Finland) and the ordinal number of these records in Finland is
provided in Table 1.
Table 1. Rare species and the ordinal number of the new record in Finland.
Species
The ordinal number of the new record
Antrodia tanakai
6th‒7th
Athelia sibirica
4th‒5th
Athelia singularis
4th
Athelicium hallenbergii
5th
Basidiodendron rimosum
5th‒6th
Botryobasidium aureum
6th
Botryobasidium ellipsosporum
3rd
Candelabrochaete septocystidia
3rd‒4th
Cerinomyces crustulinus
4th
Conferticium ravum
7th
Coronicium alboglaucum
5th‒6th
Fuscoporia contigua
2nd‒4th
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Hyphoderma incrustatum
5th
Kneiffiella curvispora
8th‒9th
Oliveonia fibrillosa
7th‒8th
Oxyporus obducens
8th
Peniophorella guttulifera
8th
Piloderma lanatum
4th
Pseudotomentella humicola
3rd‒4th
Repetobasidium vile
4th
Rhizochaete sulphurina
4th
Scytinostromella nannfeldtii
5th
Sistotrema luteoviride
3rd
Tretomyces microsporus
5th‒6th
Tubulicrinis globisporus
3rd
Tulasnella allantospora
6th
Tulasnella brinkmannii s.l.
3rd‒4th
Tulasnella calospora
2nd‒3rd
Tulasnella deliquescens
4th‒5th
Tulasnella fuscoviolacea
3rd
Tulasnella permacra
4th
Tulasnella thelephorea
6th
Xenasma rimicola
3rd‒4th
Altogether, 62 records of 52 species are reported as new to a certain subzone (section) of the
Boreal forest vegetation zone in Finland. The number of records new to the different subzones
are: Southern Boreal, Southwestern Finland, and Southern Ostrobothnia (2a), 4; Southern
Boreal, Lake District (2b), 4; Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a), 10; Middle Boreal, Northern
Carelia – Kainuu (3b), 27; Middle Boreal, Southwestern Lapland (3c), 2; Northern Boreal,
North Ostrobothnia (4b), 1; and Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c), 5.
List of species
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Species are listed in alphabetical order.
Amaurodon mustialaënsis (P. Karst.) Kõljalg & K.H. Larsson Fig. 2
(Hypochnopsis mustialensis (P. Karst.) P. Karst.)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Korkeakoskenpuro, UCS
7089:3558, on a fallen deciduous tree trunk (diam. 12 cm, decay stage 3) in moist, old-
growth, spruce-dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 24 2018, leg. & det.
TH 2018111 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
Fig. 2 Amaurodon mustialaënsis with Piloderma fallax in Sotkamo (TH 2018111). Photo:
Teppo Helo.
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Amylocorticium subincarnatum (Peck) Pouzar
Specimen examined – Karelia australis, Lappeenranta, Martti Peräkasarin korpi, UCS
6742119:3541284, on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 4) in a middle-
aged, spruce-dominated, mesic heath forest, Oct 26, 2018, leg. & det. JP 4061 (JP).
New to Southern Boreal, Lake District (2b). Vulnerable.
Antrodia tanakai (Murrill) Spirin & Miettinen Fig. 3
Specimens examined: Savonia Borealis, Savonranta, Kakonsalo, Aluslamminmäki, UCS
6907779:3600742, on a fallen Populus tremula branch (diam. 10 cm, decay stage 3) in an old,
mixed, mesic heath forest, Sep 13, 2018, leg. & det. JP 3811 (JP); Savonia Borealis,
Savonranta, Kakonsalo, Aluslamminmäki, UCS 6908181:3600826, on a fallen Populus
tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 3) in an old, mixed, mesic heath forest, Sep 13, 2018,
leg. & det. JP 3815 (JP).
These are the 6th and 7th records of the species in Finland; previous records were all from the
Southern Boreal, Lake District (2b): Heinävesi, Joroinen, Joensuu, and Lieksa [24,25]. Not
Evaluated.
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Fig. 3 Antrodia tanakai in Savonranta (JP 3815). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Athelia bombacina (Pers.) Jülich
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219388:3428534, on a
fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 14, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela
(OULU), det. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Athelia sibirica (Jülich) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden Fig. 4
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219495:3428470, on
a fallen Betula sp. trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 14, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela (OULU),
det. MK; Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a fallen Populus
tremula trunk (diam. 12 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-dominated forest
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with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 9, 2018, leg. TH 2018114 (OULU), det. MK, and in
the same location on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 13 cm, decay stage 2), Oct 10,
2018, leg. & det. TH 2018167 (OULU), conf. MK; Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7091:3558, on
a fallen Betula sp. trunk (diam. 25 cm, decay stage 3) in an old-growth, spruce-dominated
forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 3, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018139 (OULU), conf.
MK & HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). These are the 4th and 5th records of
the species in Finland; previous records were from Lammi (2a), Oulu (3a), and Kittilä (4b),
[2‒3].
Fig. 4 Athelia sibirica in Sotkamo (TH 2018139). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Athelia singularis Parmasto Fig. 5
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Specimen examined: Karelia Borealis, Lieksa, Patvinsuo National Park, Hietavaara, UCS
7010437:3686196, on a fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk (diam. 25 cm, decay stage 3) in a very
old, pine-dominated, sub-xeric heath forest, Sep 25, 2018, leg. & det. JP 3896 (JP), conf. HK.
This is the 4th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Rovaniemi (3c),
Suomussalmi (4a), and Kajaani (3b) [3,26].
Fig. 5 Athelia singularis in Lieksa (JP 3896). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Athelia subovata Jülich & Hjortstam
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219504:3428533, on a
fallen Betula sp. trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 11, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela (OULU), det.
MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
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Athelicium hallenbergii Yurchenko & Kotiranta Fig. 6
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7091:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula twig (diam. 2 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 28, 2018, leg. TH 2018090 (OULU),
det. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 5th record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Lammi (2a), Petäjävesi (2b), Viitasaari (2b), and Oulu
(3a) [3,7].
Fig. 6 Athelicium hallenbergii in Sotkamo (TH 2018090). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Basidiodendron eyrei (Wakef.) Luck-Allen
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Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ultima, Rovaniemi, Pisavaara Strict Nature Reserve,
Isolomanoja, UCS 7356399:3415530, on a fallen Betula sp. trunk (diam. 23 cm, decay stage
2) in a herb-rich mesic forest, Sep 9, 2018, leg & det. MK 45/18 & Tapio Kekki (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Southwestern Lapland (3c).
Basidiodendron rimosum (H.S. Jacks & G.W. Martin) Luck-Allen Fig. 7
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Puolanka, Paljakka, Mustakumpu, UCS
7173:3549, on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 15 cm, decay stage 4) in a moist, old-growth,
spruce-dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 23, 2018, leg. & det. TH
2018138 (OULU), conf. MK; Sotkamo, Losonvaara, UCS 7107:3545, on a fallen Picea abies
trunk (diam. 10 cm, decay stage 2), in a moist, old-growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 21
2018, leg. TH 2018106 (OULU), det. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). These are the 5th and 6th records of
the species in Finland; previous records were from Finnström (1a), Geta (1a), Kirkkonummi
(1b), and Toivakka (2b) [2‒3].
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Fig. 7 Basidiodendron rimosum in Puolanka (TH 2018138). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Botryobasidium aureum Parmasto Fig. 8
Specimen examined: Karelia Borealis, Lieksa, Koli National Park, UCS 7003:3641, on a
fallen Alnus incana trunk (diam. 20, decay stage 3) and on a fallen deciduous tree trunk
(diam. 8 cm, decay stage 4) in an old-growth, spruce-dominated, herb-rich forest with a large
amount of dead deciduous wood, Aug 17 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018135, -36 (OULU), conf.
MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 6th record of the species in
Finland. All Finnish collections are anamorphs (Haplotrichum aureum (Pers.) Hol.-Jech.) and
the previous records were from Jomala (1a), Tenhola (1b), Kemiönsaari (1b), Pieksämäki
(2b), and Oulu (3a) [2,7].
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Fig. 8 Botryobasidium aureum in Lieksa (TH 2018135). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Botryobasidium ellipsosporum Holubová-Jechová
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 4) with Tulasnella subglobispora,
Tylospra fibrillosa and Hypochnicium albostramineum in an old-growth, spruce-dominated
forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 7, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018121 (OULU), conf.
MK.
This is the 3rd record of the species in Finland. The specimen was an anamorph like the two
previous Finnish collections from Lammi (2a) and Puolanka (3b) [2‒3].
Botryobasidium laeve (J. Erikss.) Parmasto
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Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Muhos, Laitasaari, Rova, UCS
7197547:3446426, on a Prunus maackii twig (diam. 2 cm, decay stage 1) in a mesic heath
forest, Oct 8, 2018, leg. & det. MK 67/18 (OULU), conf. HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Candelabrochaete septocystidia (Burt) Burds. Fig. 9
(Odonticium septocystidia (Burt) Zmitr. & Spirin)
Specimens examined: Karelia australis, Lappeenranta, Martti Peräkasarin korpi, UCS
6742129:3541379, on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 30) in a middle-
aged, spruce-dominated, mesic heath forest, Oct 26, 2018, leg. & det. JP 4064 (JP); Sotkamo,
Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 35 cm, decay stage 2)
in an old-growth, spruce-dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 10 2018,
leg. & det. TH 2018079 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Southern Boreal, Lake District (2b), and Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu
(3b). These are the 3rd and 4th records of the species in Finland; previous records were from
Salo (1b) and Lammi (2a) [2,8]. Endangered.
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Fig. 9 Candelabrochaete septocystidia in Sotkamo (TH 2018079). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Cerinomyces crustulinus (Bourdot & Galzin) G.W. Martin Fig. 10
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7091:3557, on a
fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 35 cm, decay stage 4) in an old-growth, spruce-dominated
forest, Oct 3, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018085 (OULU), conf. MK.
This is the 4th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Padasjoki (2a),
Lammi (2a), and Kuhmo (3b) [2].
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Fig. 10 Cerinomyces crustulinus in Athelia acrospora in Sotkamo (TH 2018085). Photo:
Teppo Helo.
Clavulina rugosa (Bull. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Fig. 11
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Hyrynsalmi, Paljakka, Mustakumpu, UCS
71739:35522, on mosses and wet ground on the edge of a brook in a spruce-dominated, herb-
rich forest, Aug 28, 2018. leg. & det. Tapio Kekki & TH 2018182 (OULU); Puolanka,
Latvavaara, UCS 71779:35460, on mosses and wet ground on the edge of a brook in a spruce-
dominated, herb-rich forest, Sep 17, 2018. leg. & det. TH 2018183 (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 11 Clavulina rugosa in Puolanka (TH 2018183). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Conferticium ravum (Burt) Ginns & Freeman
Specimen examined: Tavastia Borealis, Konnevesi, Etelä-Konnevesi national park, Kitulampi
W, UCS 6942826:3483886, on a fallen and broken Populus tremula trunk (diam. 12 cm,
decay stage 3) in a middle-aged, mixed mesic heath forest and moist hillside, Oct 23, 2018,
leg. & det. JP 4057 (JP), conf. HK.
This is the 7th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Korpilahti (2b),
Sulkava (2b), Suonenjoki (2b), Äänekoski (2b), Viitasaari (2b), and Rovaniemi (3c)
(Kotiranta unpubl.). Vulnerable.
Coronicium alboglaucum (Bourdot & Galzin) Jülich Fig. 12
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kajaani, Teppana, UCS 71260:35361, on a
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fallen deciduous tree trunk (diam. 3 cm, decay stage 3) in a small, spruce-dominated forest
area in the middle of a suburb, Sep 12, 2017, leg. TH 20170041 (OULU), det. HK; Paltamo,
Melalahti, UCS 71443:35331, on three fallen Picea abies branches (diam. 2‒3 cm, decay
stage 3) in a spruce-dominated, mesic heath forest, 19 Aug 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018152,
2018154, 2018159 (OULU), conf. MK. The spore shape was different in the Kajaani
specimen, but otherwise the sample is similar to previous collections.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). These are the 5th and 6th records of
the species in Finland; previous records were from Lammi (2a), Äänekoski (2b), Luhanka
(2b), and Muurame (2b) [2‒3].
Fig. 12 Coronicium alboglaucum in Kajaani (TH 20170041). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Corticium boreoroseum Boidin & Lanquetin
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(Laeticorticium lundellii J. Erikss.)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219503:3428494, on a
fallen Betula trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 12, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela (OULU), det.
MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Cristinia helvetica (Pers.) Parmasto
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Muhos, Laitasaari, Rova, UCS
7197547:3446431, on a fallen deciduous tree trunk (diam. 5.5 cm) in a mesic heath forest, Oct
8, 2018, leg. & det. MK 66/18 (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Dacrymyces stillatus Nees : Fr. Fig. 13
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Rikkola, UCS 71057:35470, on a
fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 10 cm, decay stage 3) in a spruce-dominated forest, Sep 29,
2017, TH 20170045 (TH); Sotkamo, Rikkola, UCS 71063:35473, on a coniferous board in
rotten barn ruins on the edge of an abandoned farmhouse yard, Sep 29, 2017, leg. & det. TH
20170043 (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 13 Dacrymyces stillatus in Sotkamo (TH 20170045). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Ditangium cerasi (Schumach.) Costantin & L.M. Dufour Fig. 14
(Craterocolla cerasi (Schumach.) Bref.)
Specimen examined – Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Puolanka, Latvavaara, UCS 7177:3546, on a
fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 35 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 17, 2018, leg & det. TH 2018189
(TH)
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 14 Ditangium cerasi in Puolanka (TH 2018189). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Exidia repanda Fr. Fig. 15
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Puolanka, Latvavaara, UCS 7178:3546, on a
fallen Betula sp. branch (diam. 2 cm, decay stage 2) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-dominated
forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 15, 2017, leg & det. TH 20170042 (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 15 Exidia repanda in Puolanka (TH 20170042). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Fuscoporia contigua (Pers.) G. Cunn. Fig. 16
Specimens examined: Satakunta, Pori, Mäntykallo/Kallo UCS 6843903:3206324 and
684390:320632, on five dead trunks and the base of two old, living shrubs of Hippophaë
rhamnoides, Mar 12, 2018 and Jun 10, 2018, leg. HL 30.10.18/3; Pori, Herrainpäivät UCS
6841273:3207146, on the base of two old, living H. rhamnoides shrubs, Apr 21 2018, HL
21.4.18/50; Pori, Reposaari UCS 6845656:3205880, on dead H. rhamnoides branches (diam.
1 cm and 4 cm), Nov 18 2018, leg. & det. HL 18.11.18/50 (H, OULU, TUR), conf. MK &
Tuomo Niemelä. In these locations P. contiguus was found on a total of ca. 30 old shrubs,
trunks, or branches of H. rhamnoides. On the living shrubs, basidiomata grew to a height of
5‒60 cm and the diameter of the trunks was 5‒12 cm. The trunks were mainly dead, and the
fallen branches were 1‒5 cm in diameter where the basidiomata were found. All shrubs grew
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on a stony sea shore, with two findings made in a shore meadow ca. 50 meters away from the
H. rhamnoides stands and substrata with broken pieces of trunk (diam. 7 and 10 cm, decay
stage 4).
New to Southern Boreal, Southwestern Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia (2a). There is only
one record of this species before in Finland, from Eckerö (1a) [2]. Not Evaluated.
Fig. 16 Fuscoporia contigua in Pori (HL 18.11.18/50). Photo: Hannu Lehtonen.
Heterotextus alpinus (Tracy & Earle) G.W. Martin Fig. 17
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Puolanka, Kettukallio, UCS 7186:3525, on a
fallen Pinus sylvestris branch (diam. 2.5 cm, decay stage 3) in an old-growth, pine-dominated
forest, Oct 14, 2017, leg. & det. TH 20170044 (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 17 Heterotextus alpinus in Puolanka, ex situ (TH 20170044). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Hymenochaete cinnamomea (Fr.) Bres. Fig. 18
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 70 cm, decay stage 4) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 9, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018112
(OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 18 Hymenochaete cinnamomea in Sotkamo (TH 2018112). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Hyphoderma crassescens Laurila ex. K.H. Larss.
Specimens examined: Satakunta, Ikaalinen, Seitseminen National Park, Multiharju, UCS
6872396: 3311431, on a fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk (diam. 35 cm, decay stage 3) in an old,
pine-dominated, mesic heath forest, Oct 9, 2018, leg. & det. JP 3984 (JP); Lapponia
kittilensis, Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park, UCS 7509382:3383475, on a fallen Pinus
sylvestris trunk (diam. 35 cm, decay stage 3) in an old-growth, spruce-dominated mesic heath
forest, Aug 9, 2013, leg. JP 2413 (JP) det. HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a) and Northern Boreal, North Ostrobothnia (4b).
Hyphoderma incrustatum K.H. Larss. Fig. 19
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Specimen examined: Savonia Borealis, Savonranta, Kakonsalo, Haukiniemi, UCS
6910207:3605347, on a fallen and broken Populus tremula trunk (diam. 12 cm, decay stage 3)
in a middle-aged, mixed mesic heath forest and moist hillside, Sep 11, 2018, leg. & det. JP
3788 (JP), conf. HK.
This is the 5th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Inari (4c),
Muurame (2b), Jyväskylä (2b), and Rautalampi (2b) [3]. Not Evaluated.
Fig. 19 Hyphoderma incrustatum in Savonranta (JP 3788). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Hyphoderma obtusiforme J. Erikss. & Å. Strid Fig. 20
Specimen examined: Lapponia inarensis, Inari, Haapaniemi, UCS 7645:3497, on a fallen
Populus tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 3) in an aspen-dominated, herb-rich forest,
Sep 2, 2018, leg. TH 2018097 (OULU), det. MK.
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New to Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c).
Fig. 20 Hyphoderma obtusiforme in Inari (TH 2018097). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Hyphoderma roseocremeum (Bres.) Donk
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219462:3428427, on a
fallen conifer trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 15, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela (OULU), det.
MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Hypochnicium geogenium (Bres.) J. Erikss.
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Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219451:3428503, on a
fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk and stump in a mesic heath forest, Nov 12, 2018, leg. Saara
Salmela (OULU), det. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Kneiffiella cineracea (Bourdot & Galzin) Jül. & Stalpers Fig. 21
(Hyphodontia cineracea (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Penikkapuro, UCS
7087:3559, on a fallen deciduous tree trunk (diam. 20 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-
growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 25, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018096 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
Fig. 21 Kneiffiella cineracea in Sotkamo (TH 2018096). Photo: Teppo Helo.
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Kneiffiella curvispora (J. Erikss. & Hjortstam) Jülich & Stalpers Fig. 22
(Chaetoporellus curvisporus (J. Erikss. & Hjortstam) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam, Hyphodontia
curvispora J. Erikss. & Hjortstam)
Specimens examined: Tavastia australis, Ruovesi, Nuijakorpi, UCS 6866962:3362273, on a
fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 4) in a spruce mire with a large amount of
dead wood, Sep 11, 2018, leg. & det. JP 4040 (JP); Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo,
Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3558, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 3)
in an old-growth, spruce-dominated forest, Jul 15, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018149 (OULU).
These are the 8th and 9th records of the species in Finland; previous records were from Koski
(2a), Lammi (2a), Padasjoki (2a), Muurame (2b), Pyhäjärvi (3a), Saarijärvi (3a), and Paltamo
(3b) (on Pinus, Picea, and Betula). [2, 9, 27‒28]. The substratum in Sotkamo (3b) was
Populus tremula for the first time among Finnish collections.
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Fig. 22 Kneiffiella curvispora in Ruovesi (JP 4040). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Laxitextum bicolor (Pers. : Fr.) Lentz
Specimen examined: Lapponia inarensis, Inari, Haapaniemi, UCS 7645292:3497395, on a
fallen Betula sp. trunk (diam. 8 cm, decay stage 3) in a mesic herb-rich forest, Sep 2, 2018,
leg. & det. MK 35/18 (OULU).
New to Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c).
Leptosporomyces mutabilis (Bres.) G.J. Krieglsteiner coll. Fig. 23
Specimen examined: Savonia australis, Punkaharju, Laukansaari, UCS 6857984:3621788, on
a fallen and broken Larix sp. trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 4) in a research forest with a
large amount of dead wood, Sep 30, 2018, leg. & det. JP 3962 (JP), conf. HK.
New to Southern Boreal, Lake District (2b). Not Evaluated.
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Fig. 23 Leptosporomyces mutabilis in Punkaharju (JP 3962). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Merulicium fusisporum (Romell) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden Fig. 24
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3558, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 18 cm, decay stage 3) and moss and spruce branches in a
few square meters area around the trunk in an old-growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 25
2018, leg. & det. TH 2018163 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 24 Merulicium fusisporum in Sotkamo (TH 2018163). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Oliveonia fibrillosa (Burt) Donk Fig. 25
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Korkeakoskenpuro,
UCS 7089:3558, on a fallen deciduous tree trunk (diam. 4 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-
growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 24, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018091 (OULU), conf. MK;
Hyrynsalmi, Karhisenvaara, UCS 7157:3587, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm,
decay stage 3) in old-growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 28, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018074
(OULU), conf. MK.
These are the 7th and 8th records of the species in Finland; previous records were from
Helsinki (1b), Kemiönsaari (1b), Karjalohja (1b), Äänekoski (2b), and Kajaani (3b) [2‒3].
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Fig. 25 Oliveonia fibrillosa in Hyrynsalmi (TH 2018074). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Oxyporus obducens (Pers.) Donk
(Rigidoporus obducens (Pers.) Pouzar)
Specimen examined: Nylandia, Espoo, Träskanda mansion, UCS 66827:33734, on a Populus
laurifolia log cut 10 years ago in a park, Nov 17, 2018, leg. & det. Mikko Veräjänkorva
(OULU), conf. MK.
This is the 8th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Karjalohja (1b),
Turku (1b), Helsinki (1b), and Hattula (2a) [28]. Not Evaluated.
Peniophorella guttulifera (P. Karst.) K.H. Larss. Fig. 26
(Hyphoderma guttuliferum (P. Karst.) Donk)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
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fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 9 cm, decay stage 2) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 9, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018095
(OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 8th record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Parainen (1b), Kemiönsaari (1b), Helsinki (1b), Vantaa
(1b), Tammela (2a), Pieksämäki (2b), and Siikainen (3a) [2,7‒8].
Fig. 26 Peniophorella guttulifera in Sotkamo (TH 2018095). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Phlebia nitidula (P. Karst.) Ryvarden Fig. 27
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kajaani, Pyykönpuro, UCS 71250:35333, on a
fallen Salix caprea trunk (diam. 3 cm, decay stage 3) in a deciduous thicket forest with a large
amount of dead wood, Oct 1, 2017, leg. & det. TH 20170040 (OULU), conf. MK & HK.
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New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
Fig. 27 Phlebia nitidula in Kajaani (TH 20170040). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Piloderma lanatum (Jülich) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam Fig. 28
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kajaani, Pöllyvaara, UCS 7126:3535, on a
fallen Betula sp. trunk (diam. 8 cm, decay stage 3) in a spruce-dominated, mesic heath forest,
Sep 10, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018146 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 4th record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Helsinki (1b), Luhanka (2b), and Utsjoki (4d) [2,28].
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Fig. 28 Piloderma lanatum with Scopuloides rimosa (right up) and Xylodon borealis (right
down) in Kajaani (TH 2018146). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Pseudotomentella humicola M. J. Larsen Fig. 29
Specimens examined: Tavastia australis, Ylöjärvi, Pinsiönkangas UCS 68345:33122, on a big,
fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk, Sep 27, 2004, leg. & det. Unto Söderholm 3578 (TUR), conf.
MK; Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Puolanka, Paljakka, Mustakumpu, UCS 7172:3551, on a fallen
Picea abies trunk (diam. 40 cm, decay stage 4) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-dominated
forest with a large amount of dead wood, Aug 26, 2018, leg. & det. JP & TH 2018156
(OULU), and in the same location on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 50 cm, decay stage 4),
Aug 26, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018157 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Southern Boreal, SW Finland, and Southern Ostrobothnia (2a). These are the 3rd and
4th records of the species in Finland; previous records were from Lieksa (3b) and Kuusamo
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(4a) [2].
Fig. 29 Pseudotomentella humicola with Basidiodendron eyrei in Puolanka (TH 2018156).
Photo: Teppo Helo.
Repetobasidium vile (Bourd. & Galz.) J. Erikss. Fig. 30
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Viltonvaara, UCS 7084:3561, on a
fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 25 cm, decay stage 4) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 1, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018105
(OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 4th record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Tammisaari (1b), Parainen (1b), and Jyväskylä (2b)
[2,8].
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Fig. 30 Repetobasidium vile in Sotkamo (TH 2018105). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Rhizochaete sulphurina (P. Karst.) K.H. Larss. Fig. 31
(Ceraceomyces sulphurinus (P. Karst.)) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 70 cm, decay stage 4) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 9, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018081
(OULU), conf. MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 4th record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Savonlinna (2b), Punkaharju (2b), and Jalasjärvi (3a)
[2,8].
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Fig. 31 Rhizochaete sulphurina in Sotkamo (TH 2018081). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Scytinostromella nannfeldtii (J. Erikss.) G.W. Freeman & R.H. Petersen Fig. 32
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Paltamo, Melalahti, UCS 71443:35331, on a
fallen Picea abies branch (diam. 3 cm, decay stage 3) in a spruce-dominated, mesic heath
forest, Aug 19, 2018, leg. TH 2018100 (OULU), det. HK, and in the same location on a fallen
Picea abies branch (diam. 3 cm, decay stage 3), Aug 19, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018188
(OULU).
This is the 5th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Hyrynsalmi (3b),
Rovaniemi (3c), Kuusamo (4a), and Savukoski (4c) [2,9].
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Fig. 32 Scytinostromella nannfeldtii in Paltamo (TH 2018188). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Sistotrema luteoviride Kotir. & K.-H. Larss. Fig. 33
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Korkeakoskenpuro, UCS
7089:3558, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 6 cm, decay stage 3) in a moist, old-
growth, spruce-dominated forest with a large amount of dead deciduous wood, Sep 24, 2018,
leg. & det. TH 2018080 (OULU), conf. MK & HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 3rd record of the species in
Finland. Both previous records were made nearby to one another in Utsjoki (4d) [29].
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Fig. 33 Sistotrema luteoviride in Sotkamo (TH 2018080). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Sistotrema oblongisporum M.P. Christ. & Hauerslev Fig.
34
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kajaani, Ensilä, UCS 71265:35345, on a fallen
deciduous tree twig (diam. 3 cm) in a deciduous, riparian thicket forest with a large amount of
dead wood, Oct 17, 2017, leg. TH 20170042 (OULU), det. HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
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Fig. 34 Sistotrema oblongisporum in Kajaani (TH 20170042). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Sistotrema octosporum (J. Schröt. ex Höhn. & Litsch.) Hallenb.
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Muhos, Laitasaari, Rova, UCS
7197540:3446426, on a Dasiphora fruticosa twig (diam. 2 cm, decay stage 1) in a mesic
heath forest, Oct 8, 2018, leg. & det. MK 71/18 (OULU), conf. HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
Sistotremastrum niveocremeum (Höhn. & Litsch.)
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ouluensis, Oulu, Kaijonharju, UCS 7219532:3428475, on a
fallen Betula sp. trunk in a mesic heath forest, Nov 12, 2018, leg. Saara Salmela (OULU), det.
MK.
New to Middle Boreal, Ostrobothnia (3a).
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Spiculogloea subminuta Hauerslev Fig. 35
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kuhmo, Rasinlampi, UCS 7103391:3665628,
on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 60 cm) inside Botryobasidium subcoronatum in a very
old, mesic heath forest, Aug 25, 2017, leg. JJ 1077 (OULU), det. MK, conf. HK; Lapponia
sompiensis, Inari, Tuuruharju, UCS 7674:3508, on a fallen Pinus sylvestris trunk with
Botryobasidium subcoronatum (diam. 20 cm, decay stage 3) in a middle-aged, xeric heath
forest, Aug 31, 2018, leg. TH 2018094 (OULU), det. MK.
New to Finland and hence to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b) and Northern
Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c).
Fig. 35 Spiculogloea subminuta with Botryobasidium subcoronatum in Inari (TH 2018094).
Photo: Teppo Helo.
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Steccherinum fimbriatellum (Peck) Miettinen
(Junghuhnia fimbriatella (Peck) Ryvarden)
Specimen examined: Karelia australis, Virolahti, Tinkanen, UCS 67104:35280, on dead
Rubus idaeus and litter in an abandoned garden, Oct 13, 2018, leg. & det. AS & HK 28702
(H).
New to Southern Boreal, Southeastern Finland and Southern (2a). Vulnerable.
Tretomyces microsporus Kotir. & Saaren. & K.H. Larss. Fig. 36
Specimens examined: Karelia Borealis, Lieksa, Säynäsemä, UCS 7038:3683, on a fallen
Pinus sylvestris trunk (diam. 14 cm) in a dry heath forest, Aug 23, 1999, leg. Maarit Similä &
Mari Niemi 521/1999 (TUR), det. MK; Lapponia inarensis, Inari, Sorasuvanto, UCS
76509:34805, on two fallen Pinus sylvestris trunks (diam. 7 cm, decay stage 3 and diam. 8
cm, decay stage 4) in an old-growth, xeric heath forest, Sep 2, 2018, leg. & det. HL & TH
2018101 (OULU) and TH 2018109 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c). These are the 5th and 6th records of the species
in Finland; previous records were from Paltamo (3a), Oulu (3a), Lieksa (3b), and
Suomussalmi (4a) [2‒3,28].
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Fig. 36 Tretomyces microsporus in Inari (TH 2018101). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tubulicrinis globisporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Liberta Fig. 37
Specimen examined: Lapponia inarensis, Inari, Lauluvaara, UCS 7654:3493, on a fallen Pinus
sylvestris trunk (diam. 20 cm, decay stage 3, kelo tree) in an old-growth, xeric heath forest,
Sep 1, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018083 (OULU), conf. MK.
This is the 3rd record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Padasjoki (2a) and
Inari (4c) [2].
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Fig. 37 Tubulicrinis globisporus in Inari (TH 2018083). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tulasnella albida Bourd. & Galz.
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia ultima, Rovaniemi, Pisavaara Strict Nature Reserve, UCS
7356573:3415307, on a fallen Picea abies trunk (diam. 23 cm, decay stage 3), Sep 9, 2018,
leg. & det. MK 38/18 & Tapio Kekki, (OULU).
New to Middle Boreal, Southwestern Lapland (3c).
Tulasnella allantospora Wakef. & A. Pearson Fig. 38
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Penikkapuro UCS
7087:3559, on a fallen Picea abies twig (diam. 2 cm, decay stage 2) in a moist, old-growth,
spruce-dominated forest around a stream, Sep 25, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018107, conf. MK.
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This is the 6th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Lohja (1b),
Kirkkonummi (1b), Porvoo (2a), Muurame (2b), and Suomussalmi (3b) [2‒3].
Fig. 38 Tulasnella allantospora in Sotkamo (TH 2018107). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tulasnella brinkmannii s.l. Bres. Fig. 39
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 15 cm, decay stage 2) in an old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest, Oct 10, 2018, leg. TH 2018087 (OULU), det. MK, conf. HK; Ristijärvi,
Saukkovaara, UCS 7151:3559, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 9 cm, decay stage 2),
in a young, aspen-dominated forest, Oct 12, 2018, leg. TH 2018086 (OULU), det. MK, conf.
HK.
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These are the 3rd and 4th records of the species in Finland; previous records were from
Suonenjoki (2b) and Suomussalmi (3b) [3].
Fig. 39 Tulasnella brinkmannii in Sotkamo (TH 2018087). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tulasnella calospora (Boud.) Juel
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7091:3558, on a
fallen Betula sp. trunk (diam. 25 cm, decay stage 3) with Athelia sibirica in an old-growth,
spruce-dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Oct 3, 2018, leg. TH 2018139
(OULU), det. MK; Kajaani, Aurala, UCS 7127:3532, on a fallen Pinus sylvestris branch
(diam. 7 cm, decay stage 2) with Botryobasidium laeve in an old, wooded field near a river
bank, Oct 8, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018075 (OULU), conf. MK & HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). These are the 2nd and 3rd records of
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the species in Finland; the first record was from Virolahti (2a) [7].
Tulasnella deliquescens (Juel) Juel Fig. 40
Specimens examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Hyrynsalmi, Karhisenvaara, UCS 7157:3587,
on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 23 cm, decay stage 3) in an old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 28, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018082
(OULU), conf. MK; Lapponia inarensis, Sodankylä, Kakslauttanen, UCS 7583:3515, on two
fallen Pinus sylvestris branches (diam. 4 cm, decay stage 3, kelo tree) in an old-growth, xeric
heath forest with a large amount of dead wood, Sep 4, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018102
(OULU), conf. MK.
New to Northern Boreal, Forest Lapland (4c). These are the 4th and 5th records of the species
in Finland; previous records were from Helsinki (1b), Jyväskylä (2b), and Suomussalmi (3b)
[2‒3].
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Fig. 40 Tulasnella deliquescens in Hyrynsalmi (TH 2018082). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tulasnella fuscoviolacea Bres. Fig. 41
Specimen examined – Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Korkeakoskenpuro,
UCS 7089:3558, on a fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 5 cm, decay stage 2) in moist, old-
growth, spruce-dominated forest, Sep 24, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018104 (OULU), conf. MK
& HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b). This is the 3rd record of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Tammela (2a) and Jyväskylä (2b) [2‒3].
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Fig. 41 Tulasnella fuscoviolacea in Sotkamo (TH 2018104). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Tulasnella permacra P. Roberts
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 70923:35583, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 40 cm, decay stage 4) with Athelopsis subinconspicua
and Botryobasidium subcoronatum in an old-growth, spruce-dominated, forest with a large
amount of dead wood, Jul 15, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018150 (OULU), conf. MK.
This is the 4th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Helsinki (1b),
Tammisaari (1b), and Puolanka (3b) [2‒3].
Tulasnella pinicola Bres. Fig. 42
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Talvivaara, UCS 7092:3557, on a
fallen Populus tremula trunk (diam. 8 cm, decay stage 3) in an old-growth, spruce-dominated
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forest, Oct 10, 2018, leg. TH 2018084, det. MK, conf. HK.
New to Middle Boreal, Northern Carelia – Kainuu (3b).
Fig. 42 Tulasnella pinicola with Phanerochaete sp. in Sotkamo (TH 2018084). Photo: Teppo
Helo.
Tulasnella thelephorea (Juel) Juel Fig. 43
Specimen examined: Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Kajaani, Karolineburg, UCS 71259:35356, on a
fallen Salix caprea trunk (diam. 20 cm, decay stage 3) in an old, spruce-dominated, herb-rich
heath forest, Sep 11, 2018, leg. & det. TH 2018165 (OULU), conf. MK.
This is the 6th record of the species in Finland; previous records were from Lohja (1b), Inkoo
(1b), Kajaani (3b), Lieksa (3b), and Utsjoki (4d) [2‒3].
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Fig. 43 Tulasnella thelephorea in Kajaani (TH 2018165). Photo: Teppo Helo.
Typhula suecica I. Olariaga, G. Corriol, I. Salcedo & K. Hansen
Specimens examined: Karelia australis, Virolahti, Tinkanen, UCS 67104:35280, on dead,
fallen Alnus glutinosa leaves on damp ground in a moist forest, Oct 12, 2018, leg. & det. AS
26583 (SVER), and on fallen of tremula and Alnus glutinosa leaves in a Phragmites australis
stand in a shore forest, Oct 12, 2018, leg. & det. AS 26609 (SVER).
New to Finland and hence Southern Boreal, Southeastern Finland, and Southern Ostrobothnia
(2a). Not evaluated.
Xenasma rimicola (P. Karst.) Donk Fig. 44
Specimens examined: Tavastia australis, Ruovesi, Musturi nature reserve, UCS
6865699:3362335, on a fallen and broken Populus tremula trunk (diam. 30 cm, decay stage 3)
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in an old-growth, mixed, mesic heath forest, Oct 17, 2018, leg. & det. JP 4031 (JP);
Ostrobottnia kajanensis, Sotkamo, Naulavaara, Korkeakoskenpuro, UCS 7089:3558, on a
fallen Salix caprea trunk (diam. 8 cm, decay stage 2) in a moist, old-growth, spruce-
dominated forest with a large amount of dead deciduous wood, Sep 24, 2018, leg. & det. TH
2018108 (OULU), conf. MK.
New to Southern Boreal, Lake District (2b). These are the 3rd and 4th records of the species in
Finland; previous records were from Tammela (2a) in 1889 and Ilomantsi (3b) [2]. Data
deficient.
Fig. 44 Xenasma rimicola in Ruovesi (JP 4031). Photo: Jorma Pennanen.
Discussion
Species new to Finland
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Spiculogloea subminuta was described based on a single collection in Denmark [30], with
Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Höhn. & Litsch.) Donk as the host species. Rödel [31] made
several records of S. subminuta from Germany; in all the cases, the host species was B.
subcoronatum. In Norway and Sweden, the host species was Botryobasidium intertextum,
which grew on Picea abies [32]. The first Finnish record was from a very old, pristine or
near-pristine, spruce-dominated mesic heath forest inside the Ulvilansalo strict nature reserve,
on a fallen Picea abies trunk. The second Finnish record was found on a fallen Pinus
sylvestris trunk in a pine-dominated, middle-aged, xeric heath forest with a forestry history
and a low level of dead wood, even though there was some decaying kelo-wood at the
landscape level. The basidiomata were found in B. subcoronatum. S. subminuta is likely not
as rare as the current records show; however, basidiomata are very small and grow inside
other fungi, so are easily overlooked when the host species has already been identified. Both
B. intertextum and B. subcoronatum are common species in Finland [2] and although S.
subminuta is abundant and macroscopically quite conspicuous, it can be mistakenly identified
as a conidial state of the host. This may help with identification since anamorphs of B.
subcoronatum or B. intertextum have not yet been reported [19,33]. More records are required
to further evaluate its distribution and ecological requirements.
Typhula suecica is widely distributed, but rare [34], and grows in damp forests on the dead,
fallen leaves of Acer, Alnus, and Populus. Olariaga et al. [34] reported T. suecica in Southern
France, Spain (Pyrenees), and Central Sweden. Its Finnish localities (very close together) are
in the Southeastern corner of Finland on the shore of the Finnish Gulf in damp forests in
which the fungus grew on the dead leaves of Alnus and Populus. The wide distribution area
and “trivial” habitats connected with common substrata give the impression that T. suecica is
not a threatened species in Europe, even if it is seldom collected.
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Significant extensions of known distribution
Many of the new regional records occurred far away from their previously known localities,
especially in Eastern and Northern Finland. This is mainly explained by the fact that areas,
habitats, and substrata that had been little studied or overlooked are now being surveyed.
The habitats of Fuscoporia contigua (i.e., coastal scrub of common sea buckthorn
(Hippophaë rhamnoides)) have not been surveyed by mycologists, so it seems to appear that
the lack of observations is mainly due to a lack of studies. The species has now been found
185 km northeast of Eckerö (1a); however, since suitable habitats, it is likely, that the species
also occurs between these two locations. According to our understanding, F. contigua could
occur if old shrubs and large stands of common sea buckthorn and their continuum are
available. In this study, F. contigua was found in sites where coastal scrubs of common sea
buckthorn are exposed to moving ice floes and the waves of ship traffic. This damages shrubs
and creates suitable areas for growth on their trunks. Occurrences in Pori have now been
found at three locations close to one other, within a distance of five kilometers. There are tens
of records of F. contigua in Sweden (www.artportalen.se), mainly on the eastern coast and
approximately on the same latitude as the Finnish records have been made.
The following poorly known species were found 150‒400 km north of their previous known
localities: Tulasnella fuscoviolacea (150 km), Tulasnella deliquescens (400 km), Tulasnella
calospora (400 km), and Basidiodendron rimosum (250 km), along with Repetobasidium vile
(150 km) and Coronicium alboglaucum (200 km), which are species with a small or
inconspicuous basidiome.
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Tretomyces microsporus was found at Inari, 350 km north of previous records. The known
occurrences of the species are concentrated in Eastern Finland, with many findings from pine
dominated, dry heath forests. It is possible that the species also occurs widely in Northern
Finland and elsewhere, since suitable habitats exist. Hyphoderma obtusiforme was also found
at Inari, 400 km north of its previous known locations. We propose that the species occurs
throughout Finland and in the area between this large gap. Candelabrochaete septocystidia
and Amaurodon mustialaënsis were both found 300 km north of their earlier known
occurrences. Both species are rare and probably have a southern distribution.
The new record of Sistotrema luteoviride from Sotkamo (3b) is ca. 600 km south of the
previous records in Utsjoki (4d) [29]. Globally, S. luteoviride is extremely rare and these are
the only three records in the world. The record in Sotkamo was derived from a thin Populus
tremula trunk, whereas the substrata in Utsjoki – within approximately 2 km of each other –
were thin corticated Juniperus communis. The habitats were also different; Sotkamo is an old,
spruce-dominated, herb-rich heath forest with a large amount of young deciduous wood
(mostly Populus tremula and Salix caprea, but also Alnus incana, Betula sp., and Sorbus
aucuparia), whereas Utsjoki is a pine-dominated, dry heath forest and mixed river-side forest
with birch, willow, and juniper. S. luteoviride is a mycorrhizal fungus for whom the substrate
for the basidiocarp is not important, but the host tree is. Kotiranta and Larsson [29] reported
two sequences from the root tips of Salix reticulata from an alpine ecosystem in northern
Sweden and one from a cloud forest from Quercus laurina in Mexico. Why S. luteoviride
makes so few basidiocarps remains a mystery.
Conclusions
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A wealth of knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of aphyllophoroid species has been
accumulated during the last ten years. A total of 65 nationally new species, 329 records of
rare species, and 481 regionally new species have been reported from Finland after publishing
the first Finnish checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi [2]. Nevertheless, the occurrence and
distribution of aphyllophoroid fungi in Finland are still inadequately described and, in many
cases, poorly understood, as demonstrated in this paper. It is obvious that tens of species can
still be discovered if further field surveys are performed, particularly concentrating on remote
areas, neglected and little studied habitats and substrata, species with minuscule basidiomes,
and taxonomically challenging groups. For many species, the few existing records are from
distant geographic locations, yet it is doubtful that their distributions are so scattered in
reality, with many of these species likely occurring at several sites between the scattered
observations. To elucidate the prevalence, distributional areas, habitat requirements for
conservation purposes and red-list assessment for these species, more effort should be applied
to species inventories and studies of fungal ecology.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following people who made collections, identified specimens, or
helped with fieldwork: Tapio Kekki, Tuomo Niemelä, Mari Niemi, Saara Salmela, Maarit
Similä, Unto Söderholm, and Mikko Veräjänkorva. Sanna-Mari Kunttu drew the map.
Authors’ contributions
PK: wrote the manuscript, TH, MK, JJ, and HK: collected and identified the material and
wrote the manuscript; JP, AGS, and HL: collected and identified the material; all authors
contributed to preparation of the manuscript.
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