Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Shofara RM. 2019. Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2197-2205. A floristic survey was conducted in submontane forest of Block Pulus Mount Burangrang West Java. The objectives of the study were to inventory vascular plant and do quantitative measurements of floristic composition as well as their structure vegetation in the submontane forest of Nature Reserves Mt. Burangrang, Purwakarta West Java. Samples were recorded using exploration methods, in the hiking traill of Mt. Burangrang, from 946 to 1110 m asl. Vegetation analysis was done using sampling plots methods, with plot size of 500 m 2 in four locations. Result was that 208 species of vascular plant consisting of basal family of angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots (33 species), eudicots (1 species), superrosids (1 species), rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and asterids (47), added with 25 species of pterydophytes were found in the area. The three families of plants are Lauraceae (10 species), Urticaceae (9 species), and Rubiaceae (8 species) dominating those areas. Fourteen species belong to IUCN red list: Least concern/LC (12 species), Vulnerable/VU (1 species), and endangered/EN (1 species). Furthermore, Castanopsis argentea A.DC, Pinanga javana Blume and Amorphophallus decus-silvae Backer & Aldrew belonging to protected plants are also found in the area. Based on the assessment of analysis vegetation, the forest has experienced disturbance, the density of trees is commonly low and has a lot of gaps. Many vacant lots are found. On the other side, there is the presence of invasive plant species that may slow down a succession into climax growth of local plant.

Full text

B I O D I V E R S I T A S
ISSN: 1412-033X
Volume 20, Number 8, August 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722
Pages: 2197-2205 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200813
Short Communication:
Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of
Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
TRI CAHYANTO1,♥, MUHAMMAD EFENDI2,♥♥, RICKY MUSHOFFA SHOFARA1, MUNA DZAKIYYAH1,
NURLAELA1, PRIMA G. SATRIA1
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. A.H. Nasution No. 105,
Cibiru,Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-22-7800525, email: tri_cahyanto@uinsgd.ac.id
2Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Sindanglaya, Cipanas, Cianjur 43253, West Java, Indonesia.
Tel./fax.: +62-263-512233, email: muhammadefendi05@gmail.com
Manuscript received: 1 July 2019. Revision accepted: 18 July 2019.
Abstract. Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Shofara RM. 2019. Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest
of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2197-2205. A floristic survey was conducted in submontane
forest of Block Pulus Mount Burangrang West Java. The objectives of the study were to inventory vascular plant and do quantitative
measurements of floristic composition as well as their structure vegetation in the submontane forest of Nature Reserves Mt. Burangrang,
Purwakarta West Java. Samples were recorded using exploration methods, in the hiking traill of Mt. Burangrang, from 946 to 1110 m
asl. Vegetation analysis was done using sampling plots methods, with plot size of 500 m2 in four locations. Result was that 208 species
of vascular plant consisting of basal family of angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots (33 species), eudicots (1
species), superrosids (1 species), rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and asterids (47), added with 25 species of pterydophytes
were found in the area. The three families of plants are Lauraceae (10 species), Urticaceae (9 species), and Rubiaceae (8 species)
dominating those areas. Fourteen species belong to IUCN red list: Least concern/LC (12 species), Vulnerable/VU (1 species), and
endangered/EN (1 species). Furthermore, Castanopsis argentea A.DC, Pinanga javana Blume and Amorphophallus decus-silvae Backer
& Aldrew belonging to protected plants are also found in the area. Based on the assessment of analysis vegetation, the forest has
experienced disturbance, the density of trees is commonly low and has a lot of gaps. Many vacant lots are found. On the other side,
there is the presence of invasive plant species that may slow down a succession into climax growth of local plant.
Keywords: Amorphophallus decus-silvae, ecology, Mt. Burangrang, plant conservation, vascular plant
INTRODUCTION
The mountain forests, one of them in Java Island area,
are the last zone of in situ conservation of plant species
from deforestation and exchanging of land which has been
carried out in the last nearest time. The requirement of food
and settlement has pressed to open much larger land
(Setiawan and Sulistyawati 2008; van Welzen and Raes
2011; Tsujino et al. 2016). On the other hand, diversity loss
and dynamic vegetation succession that were often found in
the mountain forest of Java (Zuhri and Mutaqien 2011;
Purwaningsih et al. 2017; Zuhri et al. 2018), will encourage
innovation to the conservation of the flora on every
mountain, such as in Burangrang Nature Reserve.
Mount Burangrang NR is part of the tropics mountain
in West Java; this area is up to 2.700 ha and covers two
regencies namely Purwakarta and Subang (BBKSDA
2016). Ecologically, Burangrang Nature Reserve area has
an important part as a territory for water catching and water
reservoirs for its surrounding area. Besides that, Mt.
Burangrang becomes a natural habitat of Java primate, such
as owa java, lutung and surili, so that flora conservation to
support the animals woof must be regarded (BBKSDA
2016). On the other hand, some areas of Burangrang
Nature Reserve are adjacent immediately with agriculture
and plantation so the plants are susceptive to be coming
into natural forest, as reported by Zuhri et al. (2018) in
Mount Gede.
The book Flora of Java composed by Backer and
Bakhuizen v.d. Brink (1963; 1965; 1968) in comprehensive
way consists of the description of flora in Java and The
Mountain Flora of Java (van Steenis 1972; 2006).
Specifically, this book describeshighlands flora and it
becomes the most references inventory of the flora in
Mount Burangrang Nature Reserve. More than 400 species
of highlands flora, including Nephenthes gymnamphora,
Morinda sarmentosa, and Vernonea cymosa are found in
Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve area (Van Steenis 2006).
However, the list of flora must be made clear. So, this
reseach is purposeful to get the data about the kinds of flora
in the hills forest of Mount Burangrang Nature Reserve,
Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area
The study was conducted in the submontane forest on
Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, Purwakarta District, West
Java Province, Indonesia at 946 to 1104 m asl., in

B I O D I V E R S I T A S
20 (8): 2197-2205, August 2019
2198
coordinates: 06°43’37.8” S to 6°43’441” S and
107°33’21.5” E to 107°33’07.8” E. The topography
condition of the study site was rather flat and uphill with
slopes of 10-45°. Microclimate measurements were carried
out during study, i.e. temperature (23.2-27.9°C, in the
afternoon), air humidity (up to 92%), pH (6.2-7.2), soil
humidity (50 to 90%), and light intencity (137 to 2240 lux).
Procedures
There are two types of data taken from the site, i.e. (i)
list of vascular plants, both in the plot and around
observation plots, and (ii) data of floristic composition and
vegetation structure.
Inventory of vascular plants
Sampel were recorded using exploration methods
(Rugayah et al. 2004), in the hiking traill of Mt.
Burangrang Purwakarta (±3.2 km length) (Figure 1). The
Species were recorded based on their scientific names and
families, while the unidentified species were made
herbarium voucher referring to de Vogel (1987), to be
identified later using an identification book such as Flora
of Java (Backer and Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 1963; 1965;
1968), Varenflora voor Java (Backer and Posthumus
1939), The Mountain Flora of Java (van Steenis 2006), A
Revised Flora of Malaya (Holttum 1966), Flora Malesiana
Vol. 4 (2012) and other papers (Zhu et al. 2012;
Girmansyah 2008; Hadiah 2007). The naming of species,
genera, families and taxon level refers to the Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group classification (1998; 2003; 2009; 2016)
for flowering plants, while for lycophytes and fern, it refers
to Christenhusz et al. (2011) and Rothfels et al. (2012).
Vegetation sampling
Collecting data procedure was done by the vegetation
analysis technique using purposive sampling (plot) in
depended path. Sampling was done using four plots in
altitude of 946-1110 m asl.. Every plot has magnitude of
10x50 m2, which is then divided into 5 subplots (Figure 2).
For vertical category (dbh>10 cm), a subplot with
measurement of 10x10 m2 is used, but on the boundary
(dbh<10) and low flora, a subplot with measurement of 5x5
m2 is used. The species and the quantity of plants in every
sub plot are recorded. The diameter of high pectoral
timbers is measured (dbh) and recorded. Measurement at
the area covers the species, the quantity of individual on
every species, the diameter of tree, and height of tree.
The measurement analysis of diversity of plants and
low plants uses index as follow (Ismaini 2015), namely, the
index of diversity of Shannon-Wiener (Magurran 1988):
Where, H’: the result of diversity index of Shannon-
Wiener and pi: proportion of every species i. so H’ is sum
of whole pi ln pi for all species in community.
The Index of Species Evenness: (E)=H’/ln S, where E:
index of species evenness, H’: the result of diversity index
of Shannon-Wiener, and S: sum of species which have
been observed.
Figure 2. Plot sampling layout. Plot size: 10X50 m.
Figure 1. Location of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia
Cipulus Block, Burangrang Nature Reserve

CAHYANTO et al. – Floristic survey of vascular plant in Mt. Burangrang, Indonesia
2199
Data analysis
Analysis of structure and vegetation was done by
counting Importance Value Index (IVI) by formula:
IV = RD+RF+RDo,
Where, RD: Relative Density, RF: Relative Frequency,
RDo: Relative Dominance (%). The Calculation of INP,
according to Soerianegara and Indrawan (1982), is as
follow:
RD = number of individuals of a spesies
total number of individual x 100%
RF = frequency of a species
sum frequency of all species 𝑥 100%
RDo = dominance of a species
dominance of all species 𝑥 100%
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
List of vascular plants in Mt. Burangrang Nature
Reserve
A total of 208 species of vascular plant (more or less
35% species of the western mountain flora of Java)
belonging to 85 families have been recorded along transect
on Block Cipulus Mt. Burangrang, both in the plots or
outside the plots (Table 1). Based on the Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group classification (1998; 2003; 2009; 2016),
these species can be classified into: basal family of
angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots
(33 species), eudicots (1 species), superrosids (1 species),
rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and Asterids
(47 species), plus 23 species of fern and 2 species of
lycophytes. The gymnosperms group was not found in this
observation.
Based on their habits, the tree type with 72 species has
more member group than other types, such as: herbs,
shrubs, climbing, epiphytes, creeping and palms type, with
56 species, 30 species, 27 species, 16 species, 5 species,
and 2 species respectively. Lauraceae (10 species) and
Fagaceae (2 species), the typical families in the
submontane to montane forest, can also be found in this
area. Other families with the high number of species
members in study are Urticaceae (9 species), Rubiaceae (8
species), Moraceae (7 species), Orchidaceae (6 species),
Phyllanthaceae (6 species), Arecaceae (6 species) and
Araceae (6 species).
A total of 14 species belongs to IUCN redlist, with
categories of least concern (12 species), vulnerable (1
species), and endangered (1 species). Furthermore,
Castanopsis argentea, Pinanga javana and
Amorphophallus decus-silvae are included in protected
plants (Permen LHK No 20 tahun 2018). Furthermore, A.
decus-silvae , wellknown as endemic flora of Java
(Yuzzami et al. 2017), were found at flowering phase (up
to 2.15 m high). Other species, i.e. Kadsura scanden and
Calamus ciliaris belonging to 200 of rare species in
Indonesia, were also found here (Mogea et al. 2011). Some
of pterydophytes belong to IUCN red list based on an
assesment by Fernando et al. (2008) in Philiphines, i.e.
Asplenium nidus L. (VU), Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex
Hook) Copel. (VU), Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis.
(EN), Aglaomorpha heraclea (Kuntze) Kopel. (VU), and
Microsorum membranifolium (R.Br.) Ching (LC).
In addition to native species of Java, exotic species
were also found in Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, such as
Coffea arabica, C. canephora, Melastoma affine, Clidema
hirta, Chromolaena odorata, Austroeupatorium
inulifolium, Ageratina riparia, Lantana camara and
Brugmansia suaveolens. Brugmansia suaveolens, M.
acuminata, A. riparia, L. camara and C. odorata have been
naturalized in Java for long years ago (Backer and
Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 1963; 1965; 1968; Tjitrosoedirdjo et
al. 2016). Firstly, these species are imported for medicinal,
food or ornamental plants in the Dutch colonial through
botanic gardens. Brugmansia suaveolens, for example, was
imported from the Americas for ornamental plant
(Bruggeman 1927; Dakkus 1930), but today, it grows wild
on the banks of rivers, on moist areas or on little shade and
it can also be found in various regions in Indonesia
(Wahyuni and Tjitrosoedirdjo 2013; Zuhri and Mutaqien
2013; Junaedi 2014; Sutomo et al. 2018). Exotic species
can threaten as invasive as reported in various regions in
Indonesia (Setiawan and Sulistyawati 2008; Wahyuni and
Tjitrosoedirdjo 2013; Zuhri and Mutaqien 2013;
Tjitrosoedirdjo et al. 2016; Sutomo et al. 2018), so we need
to be aware about this.
Floristic composition and structure vegetation
Diversity of tree in the observation plot in Mt. Burangrang
Nature Reserve
A total of 48 individuals of tree (belong to 14 species
from 10 family) were found in observation plot which were
dominated by pioneer species i.e. Villebrunea integrifolia,
Antidesma tetrandum, Acronychia trifoliolata and
Dendrocnide stimulans (Table 2). It indicated that forest of
lower submontane of Blok Cipulus Mt. Burangrang is
disturbed or experienced secondary succession. Data of
diameter distribution of tree (Figure 3) supported this
statement too. Small trees (dbh<50 cm) dominate more
than large trees (dbh>50 cm). The Shannon-Wienner’s
diversity index (H’ value=1.85) on tree level shows the
result of medium category. While, the equality value only
0.35 (J<0.5) indicates the spread of species that are not
evenly distributed at the tree level.
Villebrunea integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq. shows
increasing trends on the number of individual in observed
plot. Increases of individual can be seen from each plot and
Villebrunea integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq. has the highest
number of individual which was found throughout the area.
Furthermore, Plot 2 is the most distributed area containing
Villebrunea integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq., Antidesma
tetrandum Bl., Acronychia trifoliolata Zoll & Moritzi,
Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f) Chew, and Litsea angulata Bl.
Some species of lower submontane, such as, Litsea

B I O D I V E R S I T A S
20 (8): 2197-2205, August 2019
2200
diversifolia Bl., L. mappacea Boerl. and L. angulata Bl.
were also found here (Backer and Bakhuizen v.d. Brink
1963; Sunarto et al. 2019). For, the type of mountain flora,
only 1 individual for each type were found, while Piper
aduncum L., a well-known exotic species (Hartemink
2010), may only be found in one plot, but not in other plot.
The distribution of P. aduncum species is more commonly
found in riparian areas with a little light.
Figure 3. Frequency histogram of diameter distribution of tree
(tree with dbh> 10 cm)
Table 1. A list of vascular plant in Mt. Burangrang Nature
Reserve, West Java, Indonesia both in the plots and outside
observation plots
Names of taxa
Habits
Conserv.
status
Basal Angiospermae
Schisandraceae Blume.
Kadsura scandens (Blume.) Blume.
Cl.
NE
Magnoliids
Annonaceae Juss.
Fissistigma latifolium (Dunal.) Merr.
Cl.
NE
Polyalthia subcordata (Blume). Blume
Sh.
NE
Uvaria schizocalyx Back.
Sh.
NE
Aristolochiaceae Juss.
Aristolochia coadunata Back.
Cl.
NE
Lauraceae Juss.
Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb) Kosterm.
T
NE
Cryptocarya ferrea Blume.
T
NE
Endiandra rubescens (Blume) Miq.
T
Litsea diversifolia Blume.
T
NE
Litsea cf garciae Vidal.
T
NE
Litsea mappacea Boerl.
T
NE
Litsea noronhae Blume.
T
NE
Neolitsea javanica Back.
T
NE
Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr.
T
NE
Tetranthera angulata (Blume) Ness.
T
NE
Magnoliaceae Juss.
Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot.
T
LC
Magnolia lillifera Druce.
T
LC
Monimiaceae Juss.
Kibara coreacea Hook.f & Thomson.
T
NE
Myristicaceae
Knema cinerea Warb.
T
NE
Piperaceae Giseke
Peperomia laevifolia (Bl) Miq.
Ep.
NE
Piper aduncum L.
T
NE
Piper sulcatum Blume.
H
NE
Monocots
Amaryllidaceae J. St. Hill.
Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Kuntze.
H
NE
Araceae Juss
Alocasia longiloba Miq.
H
NE
Amorphophallus decus-silvae Backer & Aldrew.
H
Protected
plant
Homalomena pendula (Blume) Bahk.f.
H
NE
Pothos scandes L.
H
NE
Raphidophora sp
H
NE
Schismatoglottis acuminatissima Schott.
H
NE
Arecaceae Berch. & Presl.
Calamus ciliaris Blume.
Cl.
NE
Calamus heteroideus Blume.
Cl.
NE
Caryota mitis Lour.
Pl.
LC
Pinanga javana Bl.
Pl.
Protected
plant
Plectocomia elongata Mart ex Bl.
Cl.
NE
Asparagaceae Juss.
Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Cl.
NE
Ophiopogon caulescens (Bl.) Backer
H
NE
Commelinaceae Mirb
Commelina palludosa Bl.
H
NE
Forrestia mollissima (Bl.) Kord.
H
NE
Costaceae Nakai
Costus speciosa (J.Konig) Sm.
H
NE
Dioscoreaceae R.Br.
Tacca chantrieri Andre.
H
NE
Musaceae Juss.
Musa acuminata Colla.
H
LC
Orchidaceae Juss.
Appendicula sp
Ep.
NE
Coelogyne cf speciosa (Blume.) Lindl.
Ep.
NE
Corymborkis sp.
H
NE
Eria sp.
H
NE
Habenaria angustifolia Kunth
H
NE
Liparis sp.
Ep.
NE
Pandanaceae R.Br.
Freycinetia insignis Blume.
Cl.
NE
Freycinetia javanica Blume.
Cl.
NE
Poaceae Barnhart
Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees) Kuntze
Cl.
NE
Isachne pangerangensis Zoll. & Moritzi.
H
NE
Smilacaceae Vent.
Cl.
NE
Smilax leucophylla Blume.
Smilax zeylanica L.
Cl.
NE
Zingiberaceae Martinov.
Etlingera coccinea (Bl.) S.Sakai & Nagam
H
NE
Zingiber inflexum Blume.
H
NE
Eudicots
Proteaceae Juss.
Helicia robusta (Roxb) R.Br. ex Blume.
Sh.
NE
Superrosids
Altingiaceae
Altingia excelsa Noronha.
T
NE
Rosids
Anacardiaceae R.Br.
Semecarpus cuneiformis Blanco.
T
NE
Begoniaceae C.Agardh
Begonia isoptera Dryand & Sm.
H
NE
Begonia longifolia Blume.
H
NE
Begonia multangula Blume.
H
NE
Brassicaceae Burnett
Cardamine hirsuta L.
Cr.
NE
Cannabaceae Martinov.
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume.
T
LC

CAHYANTO et al. – Floristic survey of vascular plant in Mt. Burangrang, Indonesia
2201
Celastraceae R.Br.
Euonymus indicus B.Heyne ex Wall.
T
NE
Clusiaceae Lindl.
Garcinia sp.
T
NE
Cucurbitaceae Juss.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
Cl.
NE
Melothria leucocarpa Blume.
Cl.
NE
Zehneria japonica (Thunb) H. Y.Liu
Cl.
NE
Cunoniaceae R.Br.
Weinmannia blumei Prantl.
T
NE
Elaeocarpaceae Juss.
Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume.
T
NE
Elaeocarpus pirrei Kord & Valeton
T
NE
Euphorbiaceae Juss
Claoxylon longifolium (Blume) Endl ex Hassk.
T
NE
Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax.
T
NE
Macaranga tanarius Mull. Arg.
T
NE
Ostodes paniculata Bl.
T
NE
Homalanthus giganteus Zoll & Moritzi.
T
NE
Fabaceae Lindl
Archidendron clypearia Jack & Nielsen.
T
NE
Derris elliptica (Wall) Benth.
T
NE
Hylodesmum repandum (Vahl) H.Ohashi &
R.R.Mill.
T
NE
Paraserianthes lophantha (Wild) I.C.Nielsen.
T
NE
Fagaceae Dumort.
Castanopsis argentea (Blume.) A.DC.
T
EN,
protected
plant
Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus ex Soepadmo
T
NE
Juglandaceae DC ex. Perleb.
Engelhardtia spicata Lechen ex Blume
T
LC
Malvaceae Juss.
Sida acuta Burm.f.
H
NE
Sterculia coccinea Jack.
T
NE
Sterculia foetida L.
T
NE
Sterculia rubiginosa Vent.
T
NE
Melastomataceae Juss.
Clidemia hirta (L) D.Don.
H
NE
Creochiton bibracteata (Blume.) Blume.
H
NE
Melastoma affine D.Don.
Sh.
NE
Meliaceae Juss.
Aglaia eximia Miq.
T
NE
Dysoxylum excelsum Blume.
T
NE
Dysoxyllum nutans (Bl.) Miq.
T
NE
Moraceae Gaudich.
Ficus ampelas Burm.f.
Sh.
NE
Ficus heterophylla L.f.
T
NE
Ficus laevicarpa Elme.
T
NE
Ficus sp.1 (small fruit)
Sh.
NE
Ficus sp.2 (big fruit)
Sh.
NE
Ficus variegata Blume.
T
NE
Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour). Corner.
T
NE
Myrtaceae Juss.
Syzygium accuminatissimum (Blume.) DC.
T
NE
Syzygium racemosum (Blume.)DC.
T
NE
Syzygium rostratum (Blume.) DC.
T
NE
Phyllanthaceae Martinov.
Antidesma tetrandum Blume.
T
NE
Antidesma tomentosa Blume.
T
NE
Bischofia javanica Blume.
T
NE
Breynia microphylla (Kurzweil ex Teijsm. &
Binn) Mull. Arg.
Sh.
NE
Bridelia insulana Hance.
T
NE
Glochidion rubrum Blume.
T
NE
Polygalaceae Hoffmanns & Link
Polygala venenosa Juss ex Poir.
Sh.
NE
Rosaceae Juss.
Rubus fraxinifolius Hayata
Cl.
NE
Rubus rosiifolius Sm.
Cl.
NE
Rutaceae Juss.
Acronychia trifoliolata Zoll & Moritzi
T
LC
Luvunga sarmentosa Kurz.
Cl.
NE
Toddalia asiatica (L) Lamk.
Cl.
NE
Salicaceae Mirb.
Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
T
NE
Sapindaceae Juss.
Acer laurinum Hassk.
T
LC
Staphylleaceae Martinov.
Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk.
T
NE
Thymelaeaceae Juss.
Daphne composita (L.f.) Gilg.
T
NE
Urticaceae Juss
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
Sh.
NE
Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f) Wedd.
T
NE
Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f) Chew.
Sh.
NE
Elatostema paludosum Miq.
H
NE
Elatostema strigosum Hassk.
H
NE
Oreocnide integrifolia (Gaudich) Miq.
T
NE
Pilea melastomoides (Poir.). Wedd.
H
NE
Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr.
T
NE
Villebrunea integrifolia Gaudich.
T
NE
Vitaceae Juss
Leea angulata Korth ex Miq.
H
NE
Leea indica (Burm.f) Merr.
Sh.
NE
Cissus bicolor Domin
Cl.
NE
Superasterids
Amaranthaceae Juss.
Achyranthes bidentata Blume.
H
NE
Iresine herbstii Hook.
H
NE
Balanophoraceae A. Rich.
Balanophora elongata Blume.
H
NE
Polygonaceae Juss.
Persicaria chinense (L.) H.Gross.
H
NE
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn). Miyabe
H
NE
Asterids
Acanthaceae Juss
Peristrope hyssopifolia (Burm.f) Bremek
H
NE
Strobilanthes paniculata Miq.
H
NE
Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm
Saurauia cauliflora DC.
T
VU
Saurauia reinwardtiana Blume.
T
NE
Adoxaceae
Sambucus javanica Blume.
T
NE
Viburnum sambucinum Blume.
Sh.
NE
Apiaceae Lindl.
Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb.
Cr.
LC
Alyxia reindwarthii Blume.
Cl.
NE
Hoya multiflora Blume.
Cl.
NE
Parameria laevigata (Juss.). Moldenke.
Cl.
NE
Rauvolfia javanica Kord & Valeton.
T
NE
Thylophora villosa Blume.
Cl.
NE
Araliaceae Juss.
Arthrophyllum diversifolium Blume.
T
NE
Schefflera rugosa (Blume) Harm.
Sh.
NE
Trevesia sundaica Miq.
Sh.
NE
Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob.
H
NE
Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M.King & H.Rob
H
NE
Vernonia arborea Buch-Ham.
Sh.
NE
Balsaminaceae A.Rich
Impatiens platypetala Lindl.
H
NE
Campanulaceae Juss.
Lobelia angulata Forst.
Cr.
NE

B I O D I V E R S I T A S
20 (8): 2197-2205, August 2019
2202
Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Alangium rotundifolium (Hassk.) Bloemb.
T
NE
Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss.,
Aechynanthus cf radicans Jack.
Cl.
NE
Agalmyla parasitica (Lamk.) Kuntze
Cl.
NE
Cyrtandra pendula Blume.
H
NE
Cyrtandra picta Blume
H
NE
Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume.
H
NE
Lamiaceaea Martinov.
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Sh.
NE
Paraplomis oblongifolia (Blume) Prant.
H
NE
Plantaginaceae Juss
Plantago major L.
H
NE
Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh
Embelia pergamacea A.DC.
Cl.
NE
Maesa latifolia A.DC.
Sh.
NE
Rubiaceae Juss
Coffea arabica L.
Sh.
NE
Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froenhener
Sh.
LC
Ixora coccinea L.
Sh.
NE
Lasianthus cf stipularis Blume.
Sh.
NE
Lasianthus stercorarius Blume.
Sh.
NE
Mussaenda frondosa L.
Sh.
NE
Mycetia cauliflora Reinw
Sh.
NE
Rubia cordifolia L.
Sh.
NE
Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Torenia asiatica L.
H
NE
Stemonuraceae Karehed.
Gomphandra javanica (Blume.) Valeton
T
NE
Solanaceae Juss.
Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Willd.) Bercht. & J.Presl
H
NE
Theaceae Mirb.
Camellia lanceolata (Blume.) Seem.
Sh.
NE
Gordonia excelsa (Blume.) Blume.
T
NE
Pyrenaria serrata Blume
T
LC
Schima wallichi (DC) Kort.
T
LC
Verbenaceae J.St.Hil.
Lantana camara L.
Sh.
NE
Fern
Aspleniaceae Newman
Asplenium tenerum (G. Forst.) var. pallidum
(Blume.) Veldk. & Wardani
Ep.
NE
Asplenium pellucidum Lamk.
Ep.
NE
Asplenium nidus L.
Ep.
VU*
Asplenium salignum Blume.
Ep.
NE
Hymenasplenium unilterale Lamk.
H
NE
Athyriaceae Alston
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.
H
NE
Diplazium dilatatum Blume.
H
NE
Diplazium sp.
H
NE
Cyatheaceae Kaulf.
Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex Hook) Copel.
T
VU*
Davalliaceae M.R.Schomb.
Davallia denticulata (Burm.f.) Mett. ex Kuhn.
Ep.
NE
Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy
Dennstaedtia scandens (Bl.) T. Moore
Cr.
NE
Dryopteridaceae Herter
Bolbitis sp.
H
NE
Dryopteris sp.
H
NE
Hymenophyllaceae Mart.
Cephalomanes javanicum C. Presl.
H
NE
Marattiaceae Kaulf.
Angiopteris avecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm.
Sh.
NE
Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm.
Nephrolepis bisserata (Sw.) Scott.
Ep.
NE
Polypodiaceae Berecht. & J. Presl.
Pyrrosia albicans (Blume) Ching
Ep.
NE
Goniophlebium persicifolium (Desv.) Bedd.
Ep.
NE
Aglaomorpha heraclea (Kuntze) Kopel.
Ep.
VU*
Microsorum membranifolium (R.Br.) Ching
Ep.
LR*
Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn.
Antrophyum reticulatum (Forst.) Kaulf.
Ep.
NE
Pteris longipinnula Wall. ex J. Agardh
H
NE
Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm.
Chingia ferox (Bl.) Holttum
H
NE
Lycophytes
Lycopodiaceae P.Beauv. ex Mirb.
Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis.
Ep.
EN*
Selaginellaceae Willk.
Selaginella sp.
Cr.
NE
Note: T: Tree, Sh: Shrub, H: Herbs, Ep: Epiphytes, Pl: Palm, Cl:
Climbing, Cr: Creeping, LC: Least concerns, VU:Vunereable,
EN: Endangered, *according to Fernando et al. (2008)
Table 2. Species distribution of tree in Plot 1, Plot 2, Plot 3 and Plot 4 in Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Scientific names
Family
Number of individual
IV
Basal
area
(m2)
Mean
hight
(m)
Plot 1
Plot 2
Plot 3
Plot 4
Villebrunea integrifolia (Gaudich.) Miq.
Urticaceae
1
5
7
11
121.05
388.63
9.17
Antidesma tetrandum Bl.
Phyllanthaceae
-
6
-
-
30.26
35.91
11.83
Acronychia trifoliolata Zoll & Moritzi
Rutaceae
1
3
-
-
27.19
11.65
12.83
Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f) Chew
Urticaceae
-
2
1
-
23.03
5.86
6.83
Polyalthia rumphii (Bl. ex Hensch) Merr.
Annonaceae
-
-
-
1
13.60
1.13
10.30
Ficus sp.
Moraceae
1
-
-
-
9.43
259.40
25.00
Cyathea contminans (Wall. Ex Hook.) Copel.
Cyatheaceae
-
-
2
-
9.43
7.17
5.85
Litsea diversifolia Bl.
Lauraceae
-
-
1
-
9.43
4.91
10.50
Ficus variegata Bl.
Moraceae
-
-
-
1
9.43
2.55
7.20
Alangium rotundifolium (Hassk.) Bloemb.
Alangiaceae
1
-
-
-
9.43
1.43
15.20
Litsea mappacea Boerl.
Lauraceae
1
-
-
-
9.43
1.33
9.20
Litsea angulata Bl.
Lauraceae
-
1
-
-
9.43
0.95
7.50
Dysoxylum excelsum Bl.
Meliaceae
-
-
1
-
9.43
0.79
13.30
Piper aduncum L.
Piperaceae
1
-
-
9.43
0.79
12.05
Total
6
17
12
14
722.50
Notes: IV: importance value

CAHYANTO et al. – Floristic survey of vascular plant in Mt. Burangrang, Indonesia
2203
The density level and number of tree species in Mt.
Burangrang show lower value than other forest type in the
similar altitude in Java (Tabel 3). Likewise, the canopy
covering in the tree level shows a “gap” in almost all
observation plots. It brings to a conclusion that vegetation
in Mt. Burangrang has been disrupted and has come to a
succession period as it has happened in Mt. Wilis
(Purwaningsih et al. 2017). The smaller plot area causing
low density and species were found.
Domination of mountain flora, ex. Aglaia eximia and
Polyalthia subcordates, showed a positive regeneration
trend compared with a high trees (Table 4). Polyalthia
subcordata, Sambucus javanica, and Aglaia eximia were
commonly found on those heights, as reported by Zuhri et
al. (2018) in the remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic
Gardens. Pinanga javana (Pinang jawa), is also spread
throughout observation plots. Pinanga javana grows from
low land to high land on Mt. Slamet area, Baturaden
(Zulkarnaen et al. 2019).
Table 3. The comparison of density and number of tree species in submontane forest Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve and other
submontane forests in Java, Indonesia
Parameters
Present study
Purwaningsih
et al. (2017)
Helmi et al.
(2009)
Suryanti
(2006)
Suryanti
(2006)
Suryanti
(2006)
Rahayoe
(1996)
Mt. Burangrang
Mt. Wilis
Bodogol
Mt. Kendeng
Mt. Malang
Mt. Panenjoan
Citalahab
Elevation (m asl)
946-1104
1100
806
1000
1000
1000
1000-1.200
Plot size (ha)
0.2
0.25
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
Density (tree/ha)
190
836
352
406
421
405
395
Number of species
14
13
70
64
69
69
51
Table 4. Species distribution of seedling of some trees in Plot 1, Plot 2, Plot 3 and Plot 4 in Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java,
Indonesia and its importance value
Scientific names
Number of individu
NI
RD
RF
RDo
IV
Plot 1
Plot 2
Plot 3
Plot 4
Aglaia eximia Miq.
80
-
3
4
87
25.22
3.76
5.15
34.13
Polyalthia subcordata (Blume.) Blume.
21
5
1
4
31
8.99
6.77
9.28
25.03
Ficus sp.
37
-
-
-
42
12.17
3.76
5.15
21.09
Endiandra rubescens (Blume) Miq.
7
-
9
-
16
4.64
3.76
5.15
13.55
Engelhardtia spicata Lechen ex Blume
6
-
5
-
11
3.19
3.01
4.12
10.32
Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr.
-
12
-
6
11
3.19
3.01
4.12
10.32
Sambucus javanica Blume.
-
1
3
6
10
2.90
3.01
4.12
10.03
Pinanga javana Bl.
-
4
3
1
8
2.32
3.01
4.12
9.45
Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex Hook) Copel.
-
4
2
-
6
1.74
3.01
4.12
8.87
Dysoxyllum nutans (Bl.) Miq.
14
-
-
-
14
4.06
1.50
2.06
7.62
Note: NI: Number of Individu, RD: Relative Density, RF: Relative frequency, RDo: Relative Dominance, IV: Importance value
Table 5. Ten species of undergrowth vegetation with the highest importance value
Scienfitic names
Number of individu
NI
RD
RF
RDo
IV
Plot 1
Plot 2
Plot 3
Plot 4
Achyranthes bidentata Blume.
-
16
33
88
137
9.33
5.46
5.46
20.26
Elatostema strigosum Hassk.
63
21
-
88
172
11.72
3.83
3.83
19.37
Homalomena pendula (Blume) Bahk.f.
43
28
25
10
106
7.22
6.01
6.01
19.24
Etlingera coccinea (Bl.) S.Sakai & Nagam
18
57
17
-
92
6.27
6.01
6.01
18.29
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
6
38
25
23
92
6.27
5.46
5.46
17.20
Commelina paludosa Blume
-
34
16
2
52
3.54
5.46
5.46
14.47
Schismatoglottis acuminatissima Schott.
-
57
31
4
92
6.27
3.83
3.83
13.92
Elatostema paludosum Miq.
-
-
37
92
129
8.79
2.19
2.19
13.16
Psychotria angulata Korth
-
3
47
5
55
3.75
3.83
3.83
11.40
Coffea arabica L.
98
-
-
-
100
6.81
2.19
2.19
11.18
Note: NI: Number of Individu, RD: Relative Density, RF: Relative frequency, RDo: Relative Dominance, IV: Importance value

B I O D I V E R S I T A S
20 (8): 2197-2205, August 2019
2204
Diversity of undergrowth in the observation plot in Mt.
Burangrang Nature Reserve
The existence of undergrowth species plays an
important role in maintaining the microclimate in the land.
Achyranthes bidentata Blume., Elatostema strigosum
Hassk., Homalomena pendula (Blume) Bahk.f., Etlingera
coccinea (Bl.) S. Sakai & Nagam and Boehmeria nivea (L.)
Gaudich are the 10th species that dominate the forest of
Mt. Burangrang (Table 5). The high value of importance
shows the success of a plant in controlling the area by
growing and developing with the habitat which has high
humidity and relatively acid-netral pH, although there were
some wider gaps in some areas due to fallen trees. This
shows that Achyranthes bidentata Blume is a dominant
crop, with wide adaptability and tolerance to environmental
factors (Ismaini et al. 2015). But, there was also a threat
from the plants having a high growth rate such as
Etilingera coccinea which has the potential as an invasive
species as reported in several regions in Indonesia and this
needs attention. Etlingera coccinea has a tight rhizome and
forms a population that can inhibit other types of growth
(Zuhri and Mutaqien 2013; Tjitrosoedirdjo et al. 2016).
Homalomena pendula and Boehmeria nivea were found
throughout the observation plot. The production of large
amounts of seeds can accelerate the spread of these species
even further into the forest. Coffee arabica was only be
found in plot I, which was directly adjacent to community
plantations and the plot was a former plantation land
cultivated by communities that had been planted with
coffee decades ago.
The conclusion, Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve stores
a large variety of vascular plants including some rare plants
as listed in IUCN redlist and nationally, but the condition
of the forest in this zone shows disturbed forest which
needs recovery as soon as possible. The presence of
invasive trees could be slow down the succession toward
climax. Further, research on interaction of biodiversity and
surrounding community need to be done later to support
the continuation of forest life in this area.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author thank the head of the biology department
and Isma Dwi Kurniawan, who has provided funding for
this research through student research assistance programs,
Department of Biology, Science and Technology faculties.
chairman Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam
(Nature Conservation Agency; West Java) for giving
research permission to Burangrang Nature Reserve. The
author also thank Tatang and Oding (Mt. Burangrang NR),
Muslim (Cibodas Botanic Gardens), who has helped
material collection in the field.
REFERENCES
APG I. 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants.
Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85: 531-553.
APG II. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
classification for the orders and families of flowering pla nts: APG II.
Bot J Linn Soc 141: 399-436.
APG III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. APG III.
Bot J Linn Soc 161: 105-121.
APG IV. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV.
Bot J Linn Soc 181: 1-20.
Backer CA, Posthumus O. 1939. Varenflora voor Java.. Archipel
Drukkerij, Buitenzorg, NL.
Backer CA, van den Brink Jr. RCB. 1963. Flora of Java (Spermatophytes
only) vol I. NVP Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherland.
Backer CA, van den Brink Jr. RCB. 1965. Flora of Java (Spermatophytes
only) vol II. NVP Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherland.
Backer CA, van den Brink Jr. RCB. 1968. Flora of Java (Spermatophytes
only) vol III. NVP Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherland.
BBKSDA. 2016. Informasi Kawasan Konservasi lingkup BBKSDA Jabar:
Cagar Alam Gunung Burangrang. BBKSDA, Bandung.
Bruggeman MLA. 1927. ‘S lands plantentuin Buitenzorg -Gids voor den
Bergtuin te Tjibodas, Sindanglaja. Archipel Drukkerij, Buitenzorg.
Christenhusz MJM, Zhang XC, Schneider H. 2011. A linear sequence of
extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7-
54.
Dakkus PMW. 1930. An Alphabetical List of Plants Cultivated in Botanic
Gardens, Buitenzorg. Archipel Drukkerij, Buitenzorg.
Girmansyah D. 2008. Keanekaragaman jenis Begonia (Begoniaceae) liar
di Jawa Barat. Berita Biologi 9 (2): 195-203. [Indonesian]
Flora Malesiana. 2012. Flora Malesiana series II-Fern and Fern Allies
Vol. 4. Flora Malesiana Foundation, The Nederland.
de Vogel EF. 1987. Manual of Herbarium Taxonomy: Theory and
practice. UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology for
South East Asia, Jakarta.
Hartemink AE. 2010. The invasive shrub Piper aduncum in PaPua New
Guinea: a review. J Trop For Sci 22 (2): 202-213.
Fernando ES., Co LL, Lagunzad DA, Gruezo WS, Barcelona JF, Madulid
DA, Lapis AB, Texon GI, Manila AC, Zamora PM. 2008. Threatened
plants of the Philippines: a preliminary assessment. Asia Life Sci
Suppl 3: 1-52.
Helmi N, Kartawinata K, Samsoedin I. 2009. An undescribed lowland
natural forest at Bodogol, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park,
Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13
(1): 33-46.
Hadiah JT. 2007. Systematics of Elatostema (Urticaceae). [Thesis].
University of New South Wales, New South Wales.
Holttum RE. 1966. A Revised Flora of Malaya. Volume II. Government
Printing Off, Singapore.
Ismaini L, Lailati M, Rustandi, Sunandar D. 2015. Composition and plant
diversity on Mount Dempo, South Sumatra. Pros Sem Nas Masy
Biodiv Indon 1: 1397-1402.
Junaedi DI. 2014. Exotic plants in the Cibodas Botanic Gardens remnant
forest: Inventory and cluster analysis of several environmental
factors. Buletin Kebun Raya 17 (1): 1-8.
Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton
University Press, New Jersey.
Mansur M, Hidayati N, Juhaeti T. 2011. Struktur dan komposisi vegetasi
pohon serta estimasi biomassa, kandungan karbon dan laju
fotosintesis Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak. J Tek Ling
12 (2): 161-169.
Mansur M, Kartawinata K. 2017. Phytosociology of a lower montane
forest on Mt. Batulanteh, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2):
77-92.
Mogea JP, Gandawidjaja D, Wiriadinata H, Naution RE, Irawati. 2001.
Tumbuhan Langka Indonesia. Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor.
Setiawan NN, Sulistyawati E. 2008. Succession following reforestation on
abandoned fields in Mount Papandayan, West Java. Procceding of
International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology
(ICERT 2008). Penang, Malaysia.
Purwaningsih, Plosokan R, Yusuf Razali, Kartawinata K. 2017.
Phytosociological study of the montane forest on the south slope of
Mt. Wilis, East Java. Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (1): 31-45.
Rothfels CJ, Sundue MA, Kuo LY, Larsson A, Kato, Schuettpelz E, Pryer
KM. 2012. A revised family-level classification for eupolypod II
ferns (Polypodiidae: Polypodiales). Taxon 2012: 1-19.
Rugayah, Retnowati A, Windadri FI, Hidayat A. 2004. Pengumpulan Data
Taksonomi. In: Rugayah, Widjaja EA, Praptiwi (eds.). Pedoman

CAHYANTO et al. – Floristic survey of vascular plant in Mt. Burangrang, Indonesia
2205
Pengumpulan Data Keanekaragaman Flora. Pusat Penelitian Biologi-
LIPI, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Soerianegara I, Indrawan. 1982. Ekologi hutan Indonesia. Departemen
Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor,
Bogor. [Indonesian]
Tjitrosoedirdjo SS, Mawardi I, Tjitrosoedirdjo. 2016. 75 Important
Invasive Plant Species in Indonesia. SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor.
Tsujino R, Yumoto T, Kitamura S, Djamaluddin I, Darnaedi D. 2016.
History of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia. Land Use Pol 57:
335-347.
van Welzen PC, Raes N. 2011. The floristic position of Java. Gardens’
Bulletin Singapore 63 (1&2): 329-339.
Wahyuni I, Tjitrosoedirdjo SS. 2013. Observation on the development of
important weeds and invasive alien plant species in Indonesia.
Procceding 24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference,
October 22-25, 2013. Bandung [Indonesia].
van Steenis CGGJ. 1972. The Mountain Flora of Java. Koninklijke Brill
NV. Leiden, The Netherlands.
van Steenis CGGJ. Mountain Flora of Java, 2nd ed. Brill, Leiden.
Zhu H, Roos MC, Ridsdale CE. 2012. A taxonomic revision of the
Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae). Blumea 57: 1-102.
Zuhri M, Mutaqien Z. 2011. Perubahan komposisi vegetasi dan struktur
pohon pada Plot Meijer (1959-2009) di Gunung Gede, Jawa Barat.
Buletin Kebun Raya 14 (1): 37-45. [Indonesian]
Zuhri M, Mutaqien Z. 2013. The spread of non-native plant species
collection of Cibodas Botanical Garden into Mt. Gede Pangrango
National Park. J Trop Life Sci 3 (2): 74-82.
Zuhri M, Mutaqien Z, Nurdiana DR, Destri, Nudin, Djuanda. 2018.
Vegetasi tumbuhan pada kawasan tepi hutan Taman Nasional Gunung
Gede Pangrango yang berbatasan dengan Kebun Raya Cibodas.
Biogenesis 6 (2): 105-114. [Indonesian]