Clinical Examination Of The Control Red Chicken Mites Dermanyssus Gallinae

Abstract

Laboratory trials of the preparations give limited, preliminary efficacy information to Dermanyyus gallinae (De Geer, 1778). It is only under the realistic conditions of clinical trials that it is possible to obtain a final picture of the effectiveness of D. gallinae control. We recommend the following elements of clinical trials: 1. basic farm and facility data; 2. Important technological elements (such as: type of production, complexity of cages and equipment, capacity, length of exploitation, etc.); 3. weather condition: temperature (year period), and, if necessary, humidity; 4. hygienic conditionality .; 5. initial intensity and extent of infestation; 6. laboratory tests: basic biological efficiency (for all substances) and hemoresistence (for substances creating resistance); 7. application: the moment of application (before or during exploitation), concentration and dose; description of the mode of performance; control; 8. adaptation by behaviour (observation on the farm); 9. length of the object's break; 10. biosecurity: outside (infestation of a new, young flock, infestation of cage transport) and within the farm; 11. control: method and periodicity, with a final clinical assessment over a period of one year (one exploitation); 12. undesirable effects, disorders, complications, side effects; 13. the rest.

Full text

Pavlicevic A. et al./Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2019, 52 (1)
105
Clinical Examination of the Control Red Chicken Mites
Dermanyssus Gallinae
Aleksadar Pavlicevic1, Ivan Pavlovic2, Branislav Davidovic3, Radomir Ratajac4
1AVES MIT "DOO, Cluster" Dermanyssus gallinae ", 24210 Bajmok, Petefi Šandora 3c, Serbia
2 Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Vojvode Toze 14, Serbia
3 Nutrivet doo, Vojvođanska 22, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4 Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", 21000 Novi Sad, Rumenički put 3, Serbia
Abstract
Laboratory trials of the preparations give limited, preliminary efficacy information to Dermanyyus gallinae (De
Geer, 1778). It is only under the realistic conditions of clinical trials that it is possible to obtain a final picture of the
effectiveness of D. gallinae control. We recommend the following elements of clinical trials: 1. basic farm and
facility data; 2. Important technological elements (such as: type of production, complexity of cages and equipment,
capacity, length of exploitation, etc.); 3. weather condition: temperature (year period), and, if necessary, humidity; 4.
hygienic conditionality .; 5. initial intensity and extent of infestation; 6. laboratory tests: basic biological efficiency
(for all substances) and hemoresistence (for substances creating resistance); 7. application: the moment of application
(before or during exploitation), concentration and dose; description of the mode of performance; control; 8.
adaptation by behaviour (observation on the farm); 9. length of the object's break; 10. biosecurity: outside
(infestation of a new, young flock, infestation of cage transport) and within the farm; 11. control: method and
periodicity, with a final clinical assessment over a period of one year (one exploitation); 12. undesirable effects,
disorders, complications, side effects; 13. the rest.
Keywords: clinical examination, control, poultry red mite.
1. Introduction
Medicines information can be obtained from
various sources. However, there is a key question
their quality and bias [1]. This critical thinking has
a universal value, but it can be applied in the
specific case of control of poultry red mites,
especially when you consider the overall picture
of current practices. Poultry red mite Dermanyssus
gallinae (De Geer, 1778) is the most important
ectoparasite of poultry. The overall results of
previous control D. gallinae were unsatisfactory
[2, 3]. This is evidenced toxicological human risk
[4-6], significant health poultry problems [7-11],
economic damage and their tendency [12,13], a
* Corresponding author: Ivan Pavlovic,
+381641717185, dripavlovic58@gmail.com
high prevalence of D. gallinae [8,14] and others.
Laboratory trials of the preparations give limited,
preliminary efficacy information to Dermanyyus
gallinae. It is only under the realistic conditions of
clinical trials that it is possible to obtain a final
picture of the effectiveness of D. gallinae control.
Drug testing is carried out in stages. The goals of
Phase III clinical examinations are as follows: 1.
Demonstrate of efficiency; 2 demonstrate the
relative effectiveness; 3. demonstrate situations in
which special benefits; 4. Finding the optimal
dose; 5. Finding shortcomings, disadvantages, side
effect of treatment, both in absolute and relative
terms. In Phase IV clinical examinations,
application of the drug, we get the key information
[1]. To make this happen, a clinical examination
should be properly conducted.

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From that reason goal of our work are to
contribute of improvement and standardization of
clinical examination of control D. gallinae.
2. Materials and methods
For clinical examinations is used a new generation
of the inert substances, an aqueous oil emulsion P
547/17. Its non-toxicity, efficacy was achieved in
the laboratory and in the clinical conditions, a very
prolonged action [15-22], and the developed
technology of application in the prevention of (the
preparation of objects in front of the settlement
flocks) make this formulation extremely current
control of D. gallinae. Experiential factors
suggesting important clinical tests and analysis
thereof through practical examples (5).
Factors and norms for evaluation of clinical
examination control of D. gallinae:
1. Basic information about farm and building:
number of establishments, capacity, work
organization and other data relevant to the control
of D. gallinae;
2. Important technological elements, such as: type
of production, and complexity of equipment and
cage, capacity, duration of exploration, and other
relevant control data of D. gallinae.
Categorization and labelling, the complexity of the
environmental conditions: + (opportunities), -
(disadvantages to a lesser extent, acceptable), - (a
significant impact on effects), --- (unacceptable, a
decisive impact);
3. Environment characteristics: temperature,
humidity, other specifics. Influence of ambient
opportunity is different in a) in the facility
preparation; b) during operation. Categorizing
temperature conditions: temperature for a period
of fallowing: - (below -1); - (0-4) + (5-15), ++
(16-20) +++ (21-24), ++++ (25 and above); In
service for assessment of treatment is respected
season.
4. Hygienic conditionality: - (not applicable), -
(acceptable while reducing the effect), +
(acceptable) ++ (very good), +++ (flawless);
5. Initial intensity and extensity of
infestation. Methodological corresponds to the
control [23-26];
6. Laboratory tests: a basic biological efficacy of
(all substances) and chemotherapy resistance (the
resistance of the substance created);
7. A treatment: application time (before or during
the operation), the concentration and dose; method
description of execution; controllability.
Categorization of expertise in performance -, +,
++, +++;
8. D. gallinae adaptation behaviour (observations
on farms) [27];
9. The length of the rest of the building is a period
of preparation to completion of settlement
clusters. Categorized as follows: - (0 days), + (1-4
days) ++ (5-14 days), +++ (15-30 days), ++++
(over 30 days);
10. Biosecurity: outside the farm (infestation new,
young flock; infestation transports cage [24],
when the staff comes from farms elsewhere in
contact with poultry or other birds; when external
technicians serviced cages and equipment) and
within the farm.
11. Control: The manner and periodicity. Regular
monthly visual monitoring (day or night) Review,
test dust (cage system), chatting with staff,
analysis of production results. As an auxiliary
method recommended traps. Evaluation of
suppression: -, +, ++, +++, ++++ [16,25,26]. A
final evaluation of preparation and the method
yields on an annual basis, the duration of the
exploitation of the cluster.
12 Undesirable effects, disadvantages,
complications, side effects.
13. Other
3. Results and discussion
Collective, a summary of the key information
selected examples of clinical examination 547/17
were presented at Table 1.
Other important information not specifically
presented in the tables because they are common
to date examples: breeding hens in conventional
cages; laboratory tests; application; lack of
resistance, and conversion; deficiency.
Amendment tabulation case of clinical trials:
Example: 1
- The farm has three production facilities for
laying hens, sizing facility, with storage space and
administration.
- Technology. The building was built with
modified conventional cages, in a way that is
inaccessible to the central metal part around
drinkers switched wire. Trash is disposed in the
vicinity of the farm.

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- Temperature conditions during operation are air-
conditioned.
- Hygiene. Inadequate preparation facility was
caused by a malfunction Puromat (washer under
pressure), but there were no technical conditions
to do it right. For this reason, were not removed
most of the liquid silicate sediments from past
exploitation. After the application of SiO2
deposited layer is absorbed P 547/17. In addition,
impurities are retained to a greater extent and
protective function on D. gallinae. During
exploitation flock was taken into account the
current hygiene at an acceptable level.
Table 1. Cumulative, a summary of the key information from selected examples of clinical trials P 437/1
Number
Capacity
The complexity of the environment
Hygienic conditionality
Treatment
(1) Resting period of
the building Biosecurity Supervision
(infestation / months)
Period
of
control
(months
)
Date of application
Working concentration (%)
Dose (l / 1,000 h)
Length of rest
(days, category)
Temperature of resting building
Date of settlement of the flock
Infestation of young flock and
transport cages
Inside the farm
Before
t. After t.
visual visual
by dust Observations
of staff
1
18000
-
--
17.12.
2017.
20
80
3,-
-
21.12.
2017.
+
-
++
1,+
1,+
1,+
4
2
34800
-
++
24.01.
2018.
20
91
3,-
-
28.01.
2018.
-
-
++
6,+
5,+
7,+
8
3
41280
-
++
06.01.
2018.
20
87
3,-
-
10.01.
2018.
-
-
++
7,+
6,+
7,+
9
4
50000
-
++
17.11.
2017.
20
80
4,-
-/+
22.11.
2017.
-
-
+
-
9,+
-
12
5
4000
+
+++
24.07.
2017.
15
91
10,+
++++
04.08.
2017.
-
++
+
-
-
-
16 it's
lasting
- The intensity and extension infestation in the
previous flock was ++. Visually were less visible
clumps, but not in number to cause clinical
anaemia and lead to a significant impact on the
health status of the flock. Infestation is not
particularly bothered no farm staff.
- Biosafety. New, young flock of hens were
infested with D. gallinae. On the farm there are
two other infested buildings connected transport
of egg. There is also a risk of transmission of
internal staff farms.
Examples 2, 3
- Farms have 7 possess a manufacturing facility
for the hen’s accommodation, for classifying the
object, with a warehouse, feed mill, and auxiliary
spaces administration.
- Technology. The buildings are the panel walls.
Conventional cages for a pipe manure drying, but
are structurally accessible. Technological error in
design, battery cages in experimental facility are
closer than they should be, and is dusting
environment is higher than normal (especially at
the ends to fans). Trash from each object
individually loaded on trailers of relations with the
farm.
- Temperature conditions during operation are air-
conditioned
- Hygiene. The building is properly prepared and
properly maintained.

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- The intensity and extensity of infestation in the
previous flock was ++. Visually were smaller
clusters, but not in number to cause clinical
anaemia and lead to a significant impact on the
health status of the flock. Infestation is not
particularly bothering the staff did not farm.
- Length of vacation object was small (only 3
days) and in the colder period of the year. They
were freezing.
- Biosafety. New, young flock of hens and
transport cages were infested with D. gallinae. On
the farm there are three infested facility connected
conveyor for eggs. The staff is usually separated
by objects. On the farm there are three infested
facility connected conveyor for eggs. The staff is
usually separated by objects. On the farm there are
three infested facility connected conveyor for
eggs. The staff is usually separated by objects.
Example 4
- Production farm has 6 units intended for laying
hens, for the object being classified, with the
storage space, and the auxiliary rooms
administration
- Technology. The buildings are the panel walls.
Conventional cages for a pipe manure drying, but
are structurally accessible. Trash from each object
individually loaded on trailers of relations with the
farm.
- Temperature conditions during operation are air-
conditioned.
- Hygiene. The building is properly prepared and
maintained.
- The intensity and diffusion infestation in the
previous flock was +. In the last cluster is building
infested by introducing a small number of infected
chickens in the flock. Visually they could hardly
notice mites only in a small number, which is
insignificant impact on farm flock and staff.
- Biosafety. On the farm there are four infested
facility, a single conveyor is connected to the
eggs.
Example 5
- The farm is family economic field. The facility
was built and plastered.
- Technology. Conventional cages are on trays,
plastic trays and work to connect the site of the
cage.
- Hygiene. The building is well prepared and
properly maintained.
- The intensity and diffusion infestation in the
previous flock was +. And if the infestation
perennial, is adequately controlled. Visually they
could hardly notice mites only in a small number,
which is insignificant impact on farm flock and
staff.
Comments
Criteria of clinical examination D. gallinae:
1. Farms and facility. The number of objects, their
density and infestation, as well as technological
connection (conveyor for eggs, the personnel, the
method of manure and manure) are vital aspects of
biosafety within the farm, which is of particular
importance in the program control and eradication
of D. gallinae on the farm; In our clinical trial
conveyors eggs associated facilities in Examples
1-4. The risk of internal transmission which
derives from the farm is also common to
Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4. The level of risk, the
internal transmission of mites within the farm,
based on the intensity of infestation D. gallinae.
Method of manure and the disposal of city
garbage is not assessed as a significant risk in the
examples.
2. Technology. Type of production greatly affect
weight control D.gallinae. Changes in the system
of keeping hens, generally speaking, is a
complicated technological opportunity to control
D. gallinae [3]. And let the tips of the cage and the
equipment (the discrepancy within a model and
manufacturer of the cage and the equipment, in
particular between different manufacturers) may
vary according to its complexity, and to a control.
The complexity of the equipment of the cage, and
has a profound effect on the weight of externals
applications, the distribution of composition and
the results of control D. gallinae [28]. This applies
primarily to means for outdoor use, but can also
affect other types of controls. Of all the agents for
external use, for the most part these circumstances
affect the application and the efficiency of the
preparation of SiO2. The impact goes to the
point that particularly complex cages and
equipment can make their application even
completely unjustified. Length of exploitation
(one year or extended) requirements increases the
efficiency of suppression, while the length of the
eradication of exploitation flock does not
essential. In previous years, the frequent use of
technological error used packaging (substrate) for
the eggs, which is now mostly abandoned. A very
important issue is buying used cages and
equipment, and inclusion in existing production
farm. Categorization and labelling, the complexity

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of environmental conditions: + (opportunities) -
(disadvantages to a lesser extent, acceptable), - (a
significant impact on the effects) --- (unacceptable
decisive influence). In the examples the
complexity of cages and equipment did not affect
significantly the control D. gallinae. Yet the ease
of cages and equipment was the most favourable
case 5. A very distinctive feature of the new
generation of inert matter and the importance of
the quality and nature of the substrate on extended
operation. In Example 5, to a greater extent
representation of plastic parts and to enable the
lower dosage (15%) P 547/17 works effectively.
3. Environment: temperature, humidity, dustiness
(increased dusting occurs as a result of
technological errors), other specificities. The
temperature is particular importance in break
object, or treatment at this time. Low temperatures
below zero, are more unfavourable for the
application itself and the effect of the preparation.
In addition, the exposure of D. gallinae, because
due to lack of activity does not leave hiding
places. High temperatures at rest facility play an
important positive role for the implemented
control measures D. gallinae. In service the high
temperature adversely affects the effects of
suppression, because it shortens the cycle time and
increases the power of the reproductive D.
gallinae [29], thus reducing the effects of
suppression. High humidity adversely effects the
efficiency of the preparation of SiO2 [30]. For the
recording of ambient conditions is generally
sufficient evidence season, and, if necessary,
empty facility is useful to categorize closer to the
ambient conditions. The exploitation of evaluation
brief treatment effect is sustained season, because
during the summer period of intensive
reproduction of D. gallinae.
5th case of application P 437/17 is optimized in
the summer period, while in other occasions
primero less favourable, in the winter period (1-4).
However, extremely cold period was not in any
case.
4. Hygiene refers to the preparation of the building
before the settlement, and then the maintenance in
flocks. Creating and maintaining hygienic
conditions on farms varies from adequate to
undue. Hygienic conditionality is most important
to control D. gallinae means for outdoor use, but
also contributes to other control methods. Good
hygienic conditions allow exposure of the
substances to control or eliminate themselves D.
gallinae. And the preparations and methods for
external application of a significant difference.
Since funds for outdoor applications has the
greatest significance in the application of SiO2,
and somewhat less in P 437/17. Neatly removal of
dead chickens is an important method to control
D. gallinae. Dead chickens are becoming
residence D. gallinae which are not exposed to
long-acting preparations such as cages and
equipment. When the treatment is the application
of substances for externally- during operation, the
dead mites on the chickens can be protected; In
the case of disinfection using disinfectants act
acaricidal, it is important to record their use.
Proper application of substance P 547/17 is
conditional on good hygienic occasions; however,
cages and equipment must be thoroughly washed
after the eviction of livestock. In the case of the
former use liquid form SiO2 must be removed
from the surface. If it is used to be the frequent
use of the preparation for external application
(insecticide), it is possible that they form a fatty
layer, which will resist the washing with tap water
In this case, it is necessary to employ special
means for washing in order to remove from the
surfaces of fat cover. After settling flocks, it is
important to regularly Connecting the cage and
clean the floor with a broom farm, under the cage
and hall.
In 1th Example sanitary conditions were not
acceptable. In the examples 2-4 hygienic
conditions of preparation and holding were
acceptable or good. 5. In the case of hygiene when
preparing the facility were excellent, and hygiene
after settling flock acceptable. So that in this case,
and from this side, fulfilling an important
prerequisite for obtaining the maximum control
effect.
5. Infestation. Great intensity and extensity of
infestation is associated with the distribution and
exposure of D. gallinae in the environment.
Therefore, height of the intensity and extensity of
infestation prior to treatment increases a stage of
control, and has a negative impact on the results,
particularly in a method for suppressing D.
gallinae. Important is the assessment of infestation
D. gallinae before treatment, then after settling
while lasting effects of control or is complete the
production cycle. It is recommended that multiple
(in several ways) and ongoing regular monthly
insight into infestation (when it comes to building
inhabited) leisure day and night visual inspection,

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dust, chatting with staff, analysis of production
results.
Before treatment, the previous flocks before the
eviction, the intensity and extensity of infestation
in farms 1-3 did not affect the health status of the
flock. Visually the spotting clusters to a lesser
extent (++). In Examples 4 and 5 of the infestation
was barely able to visually detect +. Therefore, in
all these examples, the factor of infestation prior
to treatment is not particularly negative effect on
the control results.
6. Laboratory tests provide basic information on
the effectiveness of the directly exposed, and
long-acting preparations, which requires initial
information for all types of products. Furthermore,
for compositions that create chemical resistance
(synthetic or natural neurotoxic substances) it is
necessary to specifically test samples from the
farm, where we perform the clinical trial. Recent
reports have noted resistance D. gallinae in high
level [31,32]. In addition to direct resistance,
possible side set. Basic information on the
efficiency and sensitivity are the basis for the
proper setup and evaluation of clinical trials.
Under conditions where laboratory testing
demonstrate the high efficiency, absence of the
expected effect may indicate any error in their
implementation and other factors important impact
control. Likewise, and to indicate the negative
properties of the compositions and methods,
which are not (or hardly) be seen in the laboratory.
It is particularly important to the results compared
with the other substances and compositions, in
order to affirm the rational control;
Puvača et al. [32] determined the toxic and
repellent effect oils thymol and lavender and
eligible assess the clinical trial. In tests with long
exposures (24, 48 and 32 hours) had not been
received the value of the full toxicity (lavender
and 96% thymol, 82% for 72 hours exposure).
Since substantially not expressed continued
operation, we believe that the test substances have
significant potential to control D. gallinae.
Continued operation of the most important
characteristics of potential substances for control
D. gallinae, however the lack of determination is
the case in many other laboratory tests. Prolonged
operation of the feature by which the dynamics is
determined by the application, the period between
two consecutive treatments. For the proper
application of some substances it is necessary to
define its properties in laboratory conditions.
Prolonged operation of the feature by which the
dynamics is determined by the application, the
period between two consecutive treatments. For
the proper application of some substances it is
necessary to define its properties in laboratory
conditions. Accordingly, improvement and
standardization of laboratory tests, are also clearly
necessary, in themselves, but also as an important
premise of clinical trials.
The use of drugs and biocides that create
resistance requires the introduction of a permanent
monitoring resistance control D. gallinae,
collecting the results and the availability of
information on resistance. This would contribute
to phase IV clinical trials, the observations in the
application.
Phoxim in Sweden was approved in 2009. The
largest number of treatments carried out in phoxim
inhabited facility during exploitation flock. Tests
Fox and cypermethrin exposure in 48 hours gave
the results efficiency phoxim in 15 of the 18
flocks, cypermethrin 7/18 flock [34]. Surprising is
the level determined by the efficiency of Fox and
cypermethrin. It is possible that a long period
exposure in experiments give a better picture than
it really is. Experience with susceptibility to
cypermethrin is that already in 2005. its use was
no longer justified in control D. gallinae in the
territory of Serbia.
Important properties 547/17 P are pre-determined
by laboratory tests [15,17,20,21]. According to
current knowledge, inert substance P 547/17 does
not create chemical resistance.
7. Treatment: There are two different moments for
the treatment, empty object and populated when
treated atmosphere and the cluster. Treatment empty
object is the basis of the concept of prevention,
because we need to prevent young cluster comes into
contact (or at least no significant) or to contact as
many postponed. Treatment of settlement building,
the treatment of flocks, and rational only in case of
necessity (not as a basic access control). Professional
applications are an important prerequisite for the
successful implementation of funds for external use.
In practice, control D. gallinae are common errors in
application of the preparation with acaricidal
activity. Persons who can administer a mistake due
to insufficient knowledge of dishonesty or kill the
workload. This is especially true in hand-held
applications as external preparations for application.
Mechanical application reduces the human error
factor, which is important in the industrial

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production of high capacity.
The application of formulations P 547/17
implemented a professional service under the
instruction and supervision of qualified persons.
An application which allows the used applicator
machine application. Applicator worked at a
pressure of 6-8 atmosphere. The supporting
structure provided with nozzles of different
diameters (depending on the task and position),
have enabled a detailed and systematic application
of an aqueous emulsion. The ends of the batteries
are done manually.
8. The adaptation D. gallinae behaviour is very
markedly manifested itself in the application of
the preparation of SiO2. Since this type of
preparation is very limited distribution, D.
gallinae survives and reproduces at such places
therefore the further spreading. On this way it
minimizes the effects of subsequent treatments
performed in the same manner.
In the performed clinical trials adaptation D.
gallinae has not been established for the substance
and application technology P 547/17.
9. Length rest of the facilities is a period of
preparation to completion of settlement clusters.
And if the length of the fallowing technology
issue, was singled out for its importance. The
effects of fallowing largely conditioned by the
temperature. Duration of rest facility contributes
to the effects of control because it promotes
contact with the preparation infestation, but also
eliminates D. gallinae at long sightseeing. It
should be borne in mind that some specimens can
survive longer than a year of starvation [26]. A
finding alternative Vora food, mite problem of
hunger can be solved. Also known is the parasitic
fields in 30 species of birds and 20 species of
mammals [35].
Length rest of the building is small in Examples 1-
4. 5. In the case of a pause of 10 days at a high
temperature is favourable for the expression of
high efficiency control D. gallinae.
10. Biosecurity in this particular case deals with
the subsequent introduction of D. gallinae in
building or farm that conducts clinical testing. Re-
infestation can reduce or eliminate the effects of
the control, which is particularly related to the
eradication. Therefore, it is mandatory checks of
infestation education of the young flock that will
be settled after the preparatory treatment facility
during his Odom. Also, when a flock of
immigration, it is necessary to check the dirt from
the transport cage [25]. Then infestation
knowledge of other buildings on the farm and
possibilities of entering. The transfer of the
building to the building on the farm, in the first
year is characterized by uneven distribution of D.
gallinae infestation in the newly introduced
facility. Biosafety within the farm builds on the
basic data on the farm.
Significant efficacy in the clinical trials was
determined for insecticides fluralaner [36]. The
interpretation examples of lower efficiency,
because for 56 days hardly possible re-infestation
D. gallinae inside the farm, which would be
manifested clinically significant.
Example 1. A clinical trial, testifies to the failure
biosecurity measures, which are next to other
circumstances, leading to an unsatisfactory effect
of suppression. Despite the existence of risk, we
found a significant transfer of D. gallinae in the
farms that were tested.
11. Control: the manner and periodicity. Detection
of dust, visual inspection, interview with staff. If
necessary, use some form of traps. And if the traps
are the most common methods of researchers,
have disadvantages: not a concentration method
gives information only from close range to have
an overview of the situation in the whole farm
seeks important work or investment. Not
recommending to invest money more attention to
detection. As compared to the growth of
infestation by D. gallinae, monitoring at monthly
intervals, allows for the timely discovery of the
substance which are determined in the laboratory
high efficiency. The cage system of detection of
dust is recommended because of the ease of
implementation and reliability. Visual inspection is
basic insight. Interview with staff always
recommend adding quality insight. When
infestation D. gallinae high intensity taking into
account the results of production. Evaluation of
suppression must be defined in a way that relates
to detection. The most trusted consolidate the
most important ways of detection in whole.
Exploitation hens last year. Farmers is very
important to know to what extent and for what
cost will this time be able to control D. gallinae. It
is therefore important that the entire exploitation
period be included in the clinical trial at the final
assessment of the compositions and methods for
the control (1 year);
An example of a systematic approach to the study
to investigate the composition Ectopar (Ectopar is

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a liquid for PRM control containing a patented
combination of silica compounds, siloxanes), [37].
There is monitoring the traps carried out on a
weekly basis. Control on a weekly basis provides
more detailed information and more appropriate
for trial preparation and methods with lower
efficiency.
Liebisch et al. [38] conducted a clinical trial of
spinosаd, fermented products of the two most
active metabolites (A, D) of Saccharopolyspora
spinosa bacteria.
Laboratory testing determined the efficiency of all
mobile phase D. gallinae. A clinical trial is based
on laboratory results. Testing was conducted in 3:
1. 2,000 ppm spinosad application, the application
2. 4,000 ppm spinosad and 3 controls. Facilities
were highly infested. The results showed: the first
28 days the facility was nearly 100% efficiency,
and 49 days, 74.3%. 2. The object effects were
90% for 77 days. The question of how long he was
suppressing effect and how long it takes a year
treatment method (in this case spinosad) to
rational control D. gallinae in a flock?
It is very important to set the criteria of rational
control. Effects of novel neem oil formulation
(RP03 ™), which exhibit its highest for 10 days, a
longer period of 2 months [40] not an example of
rational control D. gallinae.
Inert formulation based on SiO2, for many years
was the only significant alternative to synthetic
neurotoxic compounds (acaricides, insecticides in
the broad sense). The basic directions for their use
in the control of D. gallinae offer researchers
[30]. In addition to laboratory tests [22,39,41,42]
are only long-term clinical trials could indicate all
disadvantages and to recommend their use in
rational control D. gallinae [19-21]. The effect of
100% should mean that there is no presence of D.
gallinae in the house or farm. This is required
torque, which can be claimed only after a long
time, and past time. Since the extremely small
number of D. gallinae cannot be detected in any
way, it is the presence of chickens and time that
they can be sufficient to amplify and detect. Traps
provide information about the immediate
surroundings and the information they give in a
short period cannot be taken as representative of
the whole area, especially for hiding places.
The efficacy of T 547/17 verified the constant
supervision of the farm staff, under the direction
and with occasional inspections of the authorized
person. The findings are presented in tables. The
event infestations in only 1 case showed the
effects of suppressing completed in a short period
between 4 months. It points to the factors that
have contributed to the (inadequate preparation
facility and settling infested flock, aided winters
and short break facility). In the examples 2-4
infestation is detected, or the effects of
suppression still good. 5. In the case of control
lasted one year the period of settlement flock.
After all the negative findings, it was concluded
that D. gallinae in the house (and farms, because
the farm has only one object) eradicated. This is
also one of the first two cases it is a new
generation of inert substances (P 547/17)
successfully demonstrated the eradication. By
adopting the principles of software control D.
gallinae, and implementation of biosecurity
measures, we expect long-term retention of the
negative status of the farm. And if the case no. 5
clinical trials conducted in easier circumstances
than those prevailing in large systems and large
farm production livestock in it is contained the
essence of the problem of control D. gallinae,
which had to be solved. Use in large systems only
asking for the necessary adjustments, attention and
assignment requires program control.
The aim of control D. gallinae is the eradication
of production facilities and farms, and the
introduction of biosecurity measures. This goal
should be the aim and direction of clinical trials
control D. gallinae.
12. Undesirable effects, disadvantages,
complications, side effects.
Application of substance P 547/17 can lead to slip
tape manure and eggs. It happened in Examples 2-
4 (objects larger capacity), but the dusting powder
resorptive substances (talc, diatomaceous earth,
animal feed) in order to prevent sliding.
Application of inert substance P 437/17 requires
increased efforts to maintain hygienic conditions
in service clusters. In the case of suppression,
maintaining hygienic conditions will significantly
affect the efficiency of substance P 437/17. The
workers in some places, in the beginning, had to
take care not to slip, especially where the tiling.
Other. In large infestation (+++, ++++) it is
necessary to record the performance indicators of
the health status of the flock. An example is given
by the authors Thomas et al., [36] in our
examples, the impact on the health status and the
performance was not the case. Factors of the
clinical trials can be specifically complemented,

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113
depending on the specific kind of the substance
and a method for the control of D. gallinae. It is
useful to record the history of infestation and the
measures of control; and other information that is
assessed that may affect the control D. gallinae.
How to factors ranging clinical trial is needed
sufficient case (repetition). In the future, it is
planned to submission of clinical reports of
application P 437/17, and for other methods of
growing laying hens (5 cases).
Conclusion
There is a need to improve clinical trials and
standardized. Performance of control depending
on the number of factors on which it is important
to take into account. The adoption of important
factors (13), will contribute to comparability,
accuracy and completeness, or usefulness of
clinical trial results D. gallinae.
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