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Pleiocarpon gardiennetii (Nectriaceae), a new holomorphic species from French Guiana
Abstract and Figures
Pleiocarpon gardiennetii sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a collection on a dead py-renolichen, Astrothelium sp. (Trypetheliaceae), in French Guiana. the cylindrocarpon-like asexual morph of this fungus was obtained in culture and a rdnA ItS sequence was likewise obtained from this fungus. Based on morphological characteristics of both asexual and sexual morphs, this fungus belongs to the aggregate formerly known as Neonectria s. l. (Nectriaceae), which is supported by our phylogenetic data. our phyloge-netic analysis places it in the monotypic genus Pleiocarpon, but distinct from P. streliziae, the type species. Pleiocarpon gardiennetii is therefore proposed as a new species; it is characterized by orange red to red as-comata turning purple in 3% Koh and yellow in lactic acid, rough-walled, not collapsing upon drying, with a discoid apex; ascospores are hyaline, echinulate, 9-10 × 4-4.5 µm µm; microconidia in culture are 7-13(-15) × 3.5-5 µm and macroconidia are 1-3-septate and up to 52-55 × 6 µm. Résumé : Pleiocarpon gardiennetii sp. nov. est décrit et illustré d'après une récolte sur un pyrénolichen mort, Astrothelium sp. (Trypetheliaceae), en Guyane française. la forme asexuée de type cylindrocarpon a été ob-tenue en culture et une séquence ItS a également été obtenue de ce champignon. en se fondant sur les ca-ractères morphologiques des stades sexué et asexué, ce champignon fait partie du groupe connu précédemment comme Neonectria s. l. (Nectriaceae), ce qui est confirmé par nos résultats phylogénétiques. notre analyse phylogénétique le situe dans le genre monotypique Pleiocarpon, mais distinct de P. streliziae, l'espèce type. Pleiocarpon gardiennetii est donc proposé comme espèce nouvelle ; il est caractérisé par des ascomes rouge orange à rouge foncé devenant violets dans la potasse à 3 % et jaunes dans l'acide lactique, à paroi rugueuse, ne s'aplatissant pas au séchage, dotés d'un sommet discoïde ; ses ascospores sont hyalines, échinulées, 9-10 × 4-4.5 µm ; les microconidies en culture mesurent 7-13(-15) × 3.5-5 µm et les macroco-nidies possèdent 1-3 cloisons et mesurent jusqu'à 52-55 × 6 µm.
... In the continuity of an inventorial survey of fungi in French Guiana (GardIennet et al., 2019;Lechat et al., 2019;Lechat & FournIer, 2019a;2019b;2019c;2020a;2020b;2020c), an hypocrealean fungus was collected on dead palm leaves of Astrocaryum sp., which proved to be different from known species. this fungus was morphologically characterised, cultured and phylogenetically analysed. ...
a detailed description of Hydropisphaera palmicola sp. nov. is presented, based on a collection on dead leaves of Astrocaryum sp. (Arecaceae) in French Guiana. the acremonium-like asexual morph has been obtained in culture and sequenced. Its placement in the genus Hydropisphaera was confirmed by the analysis of Lsu sequences. Based on morphological and phylogenetic comparison with the known Hydro-pisphaera species, we propose H. palmicola as a new species. the similarity of our species with H. erubescens and H. foliicola is discussed. Résumé : une description détaillée d'Hydropisphaera palmicola sp. nov. est présentée à partir d'une récolte sur feuilles mortes d'Astrocaryum sp. (Arecaceae) en Guyane française. La forme asexuée de type acremo-nium a été obtenue en culture et séquencée. son placement dans le genre Hydropisphaera a été confirmé par l'analyse des séquences Lsu. sur la base d'une comparaison morphologique et phylogénétique avec les espèces d'Hydropisphaera connues, nous proposons H. palmicola comme une nouvelle espèce. La res-semblance de notre espèce avec H. erubescens et H. foliicola est commentée.
... In the continuity of our inventorial survey of fungi in Saül in French Guiana carried out in the context of the ABC project initiated by the Parc National Amazonien de Guyane (GArdIeNNet et al., 2019, LeChAt & FourNIer, 20182019a;2019b;2019c;LeChAt et al., 2019), two unknown bionectriaceous species were collected. Morphological characteristics of sexual-asexual morphs as well as phylogenetic analysis of LSu sequences revealed that they belong to Clonostachys Corda. ...
Clonostachys pilosella and C. pnagiana are described and illustrated as new species, based on collections from Saül in French Guiana. the asexual morphs of these fungi were obtained in culture and cultures were sequenced. the two new species are placed in Clonostachys, based on ascomata not changing colour in 3% koh or lactic acid, clonostachys-like asexual morphs and phylogenetic comparison of LSu sequences with 18 known Clonostachys species. Résumé : Clonostachys pilosella et C. pnagiana sont décrites et illustrées comme nouvelles espèces, fondées sur des récoltes faites à Saül en Guyane française. Les formes asexuées de ces champignons ont été obtenues en culture et les cultures ont été séquencées. Les deux espèces nouvelles sont placées dans le genre Clo-nostachys, fondées sur les ascomes ne changeant pas de couleur dans le koh à 3 % ou dans l'acide lactique, la forme asexuée de type clonostachys et la comparaison des séquences LSu avec 18 espèces connues de Clonostachys.
... An inventorial survey of fungi of Saül (French Guiana), initiated in 2018 by the Parc National Amazonien de Guyane (PNAG), lead to the discovery of several new species of Chaetopsina Rambelli (LechAt & FouRNieR, 2019c), Clonostachys corda (LechAt & FouRNieR, 2018;LechAt et al., 2019), Ijuhya Starbäck (LechAt & FouRNieR, 2019b) and Pleiocarpon L. Lombard & D. Aiello (LechAt & FouRNieR, 2019a). in continuation of this survey, a field trip took place over one week in June 2019 during which additional undescribed species were discovered. ...
A new species of Chaetopsina is described and illustrated from a collection in French Guiana. Based on morphological divergences of both sexual and asexual morphs from known Chaetopsina species as well as phylogenetic analyses of itS and LSu sequences, C. pnagiana is proposed as new species. A dichotomous key to holomorphic species of Chaetopsina is provided. Résumé : une nouvelle espèce de Chaetopsina est décrite et illustrée à partir de matériel récolté en Guyane française. en se fondant sur les différences morphologiques des stades sexué et asexué avec les espèces de Chaetopsina connues, ainsi que sur les analyses phylogénétiques des séquences itS et LSu, C. pnagiana est proposée comme espèce nouvelle. une clé dichotomique des espèces holomorphiques de Chaetopsina est proposée.
... In the continuity of our inventorial survey of fungi in Saül in French Guiana carried out in the context of the ABC project initiated by the Parc National Amazonien de Guyane (GArdIeNNet et al., 2019, LeChAt & FourNIer, 20182019a;2019b;2019c;LeChAt et al., 2019), two unknown bionectriaceous species were collected. Morphological characteristics of sexual-asexual morphs as well as phylogenetic analysis of LSu sequences revealed that they belong to Clonostachys Corda. ...
two new species of Chaetopsina are described and illustrated from specimens collected in French Guiana. Based on morphological divergences of both sexual and asexual morphs from known Chaetopsina species as well as phylogenetic analysis of itS and LSu sequences, C. guyanensis and C. saulensis are proposed as new species. in addition, two new combinations in Chaetopsina are proposed. Résumé : deux nouvelles espèces de Chaetopsina sont décrites et illustrées à partir de matériel récolté en Guyane française. en se fondant sur les différences morphologiques des stades sexués et asexués avec les espèces de Chaetopsina connues, ainsi que sur l'analyse phylogénétique des séquences itS et LSu, C. guya-nensis et C. saulensis sont proposées comme espèces nouvelles. en outre, deux nouvelles combinaisons sont proposées et trois espèces sont réintégrées dans le genre Chaetopsina.
... During an inventorial survey of fungi in Saül (French Guiana) in August 2018 (LechAt & Fournier, 2018;2019), an intriguing hypocrealean fungus was collected on dead bark of the woody liana Bauhinia sp. (Fabaceae). ...
Clonostachys saulensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a collection on bark of dead liana in French Guiana. this species is placed in Clonostachys (= Bionectria) based on its clonostachys-like asexual morph, ascomata not changing colour in 3% Koh or lactic acid and phylogenetic comparison of itS sequences with known species of Clonostachys. Clonostachys saulensis is primarily characterized by non-stromatic, smooth, pale brown, globose ascomata coated with a whitish powdery scurf from base up to half height and turning blackish upon drying. Based on comparison of morphological characteristics of sexual-asexual morphs and molecular data with known species, C. saulensis is proposed as a new species. Résumé : Clonostachys saulensis sp. nov. est décrite et illustrée d'après une récolte effectuée sur écorce de liane morte en Guyane française. cette espèce est placée dans le genre Clonostachys (= Bionectria) d'après sa forme asexuée de type clonostachys, les ascomes ne changeant pas de couleur dans Koh à 3% ou dans l'acide lactique et la comparaison phylogénétique des séquences itS avec les espèces connues de Clonos-tachys. Clonostachys saulensis est principalement caractérisée par des ascomes globuleux, sans stroma, brun pâle, couverts d'une pellicule poudreuse blanchâtre de la base jusqu'à la moitié de la hauteur, devenant noi-râtres en séchant. en se fondant sur la comparaison des caractères morphologiques et des données molé-culaires avec les espèces connues, C. saulensis est proposée comme une nouvelle espèce.
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae, Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments. We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families. Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations, while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided. Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. For each family we provide a list of accepted genera, the taxonomic history, morphological descriptions, taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus. Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available, or provide relevant references. Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
During 2015, a new basal rot disease was observed on potted plants of Strelitzia reginae in an ornamental nursery located in eastern Sicily. Isolations from symptomatic parts of these diseased plants consistently yielded cylindrocarpon-like isolates. Multigene analyses of the partial gene regions of 28S large subunit nrDNA, ß-tubulin, histone H3, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit genes, supported by morphological characters supported the recognition of a new genus, Pleiocarpon based on P. strelitziae sp. nov., and a new Ilyonectria species, described here as I. strelitziae sp. nov. The pathogenicity of both I. strelitziae and P. strelitziae were confirmed on young plants cultivated under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. Both cylindrocarpon-like fungi were pathogenic to S. reginae and reproduced symptoms similar to those observed in the nursery. Of the two species, P. strelitziae was more aggressive than I. strelitziae, resulting in the death of all inoculated plants.
Mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA sequences elucidated phylogenetic relationships in Neonectria Wollenw. (anamorphs = Cylindrocarpon Wollenw.; Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Twelve isolates representing seven species in five taxonomically informal groups of Neonectria were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Fusarium inflexum R. Schneid. (teleomorph: Gibberella) and Nectria cinnabarina (Fr.) Fr. (= Nectria s.str.) were outgroups. All of the Neonectria species formed a strongly supported clade with respect to the outgroups, indicating a single ascomycete genus for the holomorphs of Cylindrocarpon. Within the Neonectria clade there were three well-supported subclades that only partially corresponded to phenotype-defined groups. DNA sequence divergence among the twelve Neonectria isolates, 2.3-7.4%, was sufficient to resolve them. The results suggest that the mtSSU rDNA region is appropriate for phylogenetic analysis of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon. The following new combinations are proposed: Neonectria coronata, Neonectria discophora, Neonectria neomacrospora, Neonectria radicicola, Neonectria rugulosa, Neonectria veuillotiana.Key words: Ascomycetes, Hypocreales, Nectria, systematics, tree pathogens.
Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectriasensu stricto and Cylindrocarponsensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarponsensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectriasensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. coccinea-group and Cylindrocarpon groups 1 & 4 (Neonectria/Cylindrocarponsensu stricto); (2) N.rugulosa-group (Rugonectria gen. nov.); (3) N. mammoidea/N. veuillotiana-groups and Cylindrocarpon group 2 (Thelonectria gen. nov.); (4) N. radicicola-group and Cylindrocarpon group 3 (Ilyonectria gen. nov.); and (5) anamorph genus Campylocarpon. Characteristics of the anamorphs and teleomorphs correlate with the five genera, three of which are newly described. New combinations are made for species where their classification is confirmed by phylogenetic data.
An emerging pattern of similarity in medical case reports led to a project to compare the phylogenetic affinities of two well-known
tropical fungal opportunistic pathogens, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme, to members of the Fusarium solani species complex. C. lichenicola and A. falciforme, despite their deviating conidial morphologies, were shown via sequencing of the ribosomal large subunit to be well instituted
within a clade mainly consisting of typical F. solani strains and other species until recently considered variants of F. solani. The original name Fusarium lichenicola C. B. Massalongo is reestablished, and the new combination F. falciforme is made. Recognition of these species as fusaria is necessary for correct interpretation of current and future molecular
diagnostic tests. Reevaluation of species morphology in light of the molecular findings showed that certain features, especially
elongate filiform conidiophores with integrated terminal phialides, facilitate correct microscopic classification of these
atypical Fusarium species. There is a strong and underrecognized overlap in the spectra of cases caused by members of the F. solani clade, particularly ocular infections, mycetomas, and, in the neutropenic host, disseminated and other serious systemic infections.
A novel synthesis of case reports shows that patients from areas with warm climates may develop a distinctive fusarial intertrigo
caused by F. solani, Fusarium lichenicola, or Fusarium oxysporum.
The Hypocreales with over one thousand described species have been the repository for all light- to bright-colored, soft-textured, perithecial ascomycetes with a Nectria-type centrum. Rogerson (1970) published a key to the genera in the Hypocreales and accepted over 115 genera with 26 generic synonyms in the order. Since then, 58 genera have been added. For this study all available type specimens of the type species of genera classified in the Hypocreales were examined. Fifty six genera, including six newly described genera with 43 generic synonyms, are accepted in three families, Bionectriaceae fam, nov., Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae, of the order. Although now considered either part of or closely related to the Hypocreales, neither the Niessliaceae nor the Clavicipitaceae are treated comprehensively in this study. Fourteen genera with two generic synonyms are included in the Niessliaceae and six genera with one generic synonym are placed in the Clavicipitaceae. The remaining 84 genera are excluded from the Hypocreales and redisposed in their appropriate family and order. Genera excluded from the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae are described and illustrated based on their type species. For 16 genera previously placed in the Hypocreales the type specimen was either not located or not sufficient to make a modern taxonomic evaluation of the type species. For each genus the type species and species not recently treated are fully described and documented. A key to species is presented unless a recent key to species in that genus is available. In the Bionectriaceae a new genus, Ochronectria, is introduced for Nectria calami. Nectriella minuta, N. rubricapitula, N. utahensis, Pronectria echinulata, P. pertusariicola, and Protocreopsis viridis are described as new species. The following new specific combinations are proposed: Dimerosporiella cephalosporii, D. gnarapiensis, D. leucorrhodina, D. oidioides, D. pipericola, and D. sensitiva; Hydropisphaera arenula, H. arenuloides, H. boothii, H. cyatheae, H. dolichospora, H. erubescens, H. gigantea, H. haematites, H. hypoxantha, H. leucotricha, H. macrarenula, H. multiloculata, H. multiseptata, H. nymaniana, H. pachyderma, and H. suffulta; Ijuhya peristomialis, I. chilensis, I. aquifolii, I. bambusina, I. corynespora, I. dentifera, I. dictyospora, I. leucocarpa, I. paraparilis, and I. parilis; Lasionectria sylvana and L. vulpina; Nectriella curtisii, N. dakotensis, and N. galii; Nectriopsis sasae and N. queletii; Ochronectria calami; Peethambara spirostriata and for its anamorph Didymostilbe echinofibrosa, Protocreopsis foliicola, P. freycinetiae, P. javanica, P. pertusa, P. pertusoides, and P. phormiicola; Stilbocrea gracilipes and S. impressa. Two new names, Nectriella crouanii for Nectria aurea P. & H. Crouan, and N. halonata for Charonectria umbelliferarum, are proposed. In the Nectriaceae five new genera are introduced: Albonectria for species related with Nectria rigidiuscula, Haematonectria for the Nectria haematococca complex, Lanatonectria for the Nectria flavolanata-group, Rubrinectria for a species previously known as Nectria olivacea, and Viridispora for teleomorphs of Penicillifer. Cosmospora dingleyae and C. obscura are described as new species. The following new specific combinations are proposed: Albonectria rigidiuscula, A. albosuccinea, and A. verrucosa; Corallomycetella repens and C. jatrophae; Cosmospora aurantiicola, C. biasolettiana, C. camelliae, C. chaetopsinae, C. chaetopsinae-catenulatae, C. chaetopsinae-penicillatae, C. chaetopsinae-polyblastiae, C. chlorina, C. consors, C. digitalicola, C. diminuta, C. diploa, C. episphaeria, C. flammea, C. flavoviridis, C. ganymede, C. geastroides, C. glabra, C. joca, C. jucundula, C. kurdica, C. lasiodiplodiae, C. leptosphaeriae, C. macrochaetopsinae, C. magnusiana, C. meliopsicola, C. metepisphaeria, C. nothepisphaeria, C. papilionacearum, C. peponum, C. pseudepisphaeria, C. pseudoflavoviridis, C. purtonii, C. rickii, C. rishbethii, C. rubrisetosa, C. sansevieriae, C. stilbellae, C. stilbosporae, C. thujana, C. triqua, C. tungurahuana, C. vilior, C. viliuscula, C. wegeliana, and C. xanthostroma; Haematonectria haematococca, H. illudens, H. ipomoeae, H. monilifera, and H. termitum; Lanatonectria flocculenta with anamorph Actinostilbe macalpinei, L. flavolanata, L. mammiformis with anamorph Actinostilbe mammiformis, and L. raripila; Neonectria coccinea and N. galligena; Rubrinectria olivacea; Viridispora penicilliferi, V. alata, V. diparietispora, and V. fragariae; Xenonectriella leptaleae, X. ornamentata, and X. streimannii. In the checklist, some genera are excluded from the families treated here and placed among 19 families in 12 orders of ascomycetes and one basidiomycetous genus. Two genera are uniloculate, discomycetous loculoascomycetes; some have true apothecia and belong in the Helotiales and Pezizales, or are lichenized Lecanorales. Many of these taxa are placed in the Diaporthales and Xylariales (Hyponectriaceae and Thyridiaceae). Genera having immersed ascomata are often difficult to place; they include Charonectria and Hyponectria, now placed in the Hyponectriaceae, Xylariales; and Cryptoleptosphaeria, Cryptonectriella and Schizoparme, now placed in the Diaporthales. Several genera are placed in the Niessliaceae and Clavicipitaceae of the Hypocreales. In this section a new species, Charonectria amabilis, is described, and the new combinations Thyridium ohiense, Charonectria sceptri, Cryptoleptosphaeria gracilis, Cryptonectriella geoglossi, and Thelocarpon citrum, are proposed.
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