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Great Problems in Philosophy and Physics, Solved?
Abstract
A survey of several popular textbooks on philosophy produces a remarkable consensus on the problems facing philosophers from ancient to modern times. They typically include metaphysics - what is there?, the problem of knowledge - how do we know what exists?, the mind/body problem - can an immaterial mind move the material body?, the “hard problem” of consciousness, freedom of the will, theories of ethics - is there an objective universal Good?, and problems from theology - does God exist?, is God responsible for evil?
This book introduces the INFORMATION PHILOSOPHER website, a work in progress on these classic questions in philosophy that logical positivists and analytic language philosophers thought they could dis-solve as logical puzzles, pseudo-problems, or conceptual errors.
Information philosophy is a new philosophical methodology that
goes “beyond logic and language” to the underlying information structures being created in the cosmos, in the world, in biological information-processing systems, and in the human mind - structures without which logic, language, and science would be impossible.
According to Bob Doyle, it is a scandal that academic philosophers are convincing young students, against their common sense, that mind, consciousness, free will, values, even the external world, do not exist.
To end the scandal, philosophers need to examine a new method of philosophizing, based not on language but on information. The cosmic creation process that formed the galaxies, stars, and planets, that led to life and to the evolution of the information-processing minds that created language and logic, is the process that creates objective value.
... Recently, a thermodynamic approach 23-25 to irreversibility in quantum systems has been developed based on the continuous interaction between the environmental electromagnetic waves and the matter, analysing the absorption-emission of a photon by an atomic electron, obtaining a thermophysical model of quantum OPEN thermodynamics in agreement with the experimental results [26][27][28][29] . In this context, quantum system is considered as an open system, due to the photon inflow and outflow. ...
... Recently, a thermodynamic approach [23][24][25] to irreversibility in quantum systems has been developed based on the continuous interaction between the environmental electromagnetic waves and the matter, analysing the absorption-emission of a photon by an atomic electron, obtaining a thermophysical model of quantum [26][27][28][29] . In this context, quantum system is considered as an open system, due to the photon inflow and outflow. ...
... which allows us to focus our study on the definition of time interval τ. Indeed, recently, a thermodynamic approach to time interval definition has been developed 44-46 about the analysis of irreversibility 23,23,24 in photon-atomic-electron interaction [26][27][28][29][30] . ...
The quantum zeno effect slows down the quantum system’s time evolution under frequent measurements. This paper aims to study this quantum effect by introducing the definition of time based on an irreversible thermodynamic analysis of quantum systems. Consequently, the quantum zeno effect requires (i) high values of the electromagnetic entropy generation rate related to the spontaneously down-converted light and (ii) a decrease in the quantum system’s entropy value. So, the quantum zeno effect is a quantum process related to the interaction between a quantum system and the electromagnetic waves of the measurement device, causing a quantum thermodynamic stationary state. Last, the fundamental role of irreversibility emerges.
... This indicates that, while the genome is physical, information is not, just as a book is not a story but a representation of language that may be interpreted as a story. The living world is filled with instances demonstrating that genes contain information representations that can be read in a variety of ways, just as religious texts can be understood in a variety of ways by academics (8) . ...
... They participate in high-level information exchange with other living beings and the environment(active/passive information structures ). In contrast to passive material things, whose structural information is essentially inert and useless, their messaging is meaningful, allowing them to be active users of information and unlike physics and chemistry, living things have history (8). ...
... The information of the adaptive phenotype is recorded in the genome (changes in 3-dimensional structure) and this information can be passed on to the offspring (12). It should not be forgotten that information protection is a universal law (8). ...
Scientists are not always remembered for the most important ideas they had. In the case of the French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, his name has been inextricably linked to the concept of acquired character inheritance since the end of the 19 th century. This was an idea he supported, but he didn't claim it as his own and didn't give it much thought. Instead, he took pride in advancing the idea that environmental-induced behavioral changes drive species change. Lamarck's ideas were rejected by almost all of his contemporaries-not only by proponents of divine creation but also by people who believed in evolution I speculate that the "Lamarckian" theory of evolution should be reconsidered using information theory.
... The formation of elementary particles, atoms and molecules, galaxies, stars, and planets is the product of tiny quantum cooperative events and macroscopic gravitational forces. These are the extremely rare anti-entropic processes known as ergodic (information-creating) 14 , ...
... Some believe that physics teaches us that information is at the heart of everything 16 . Matter and energy are mediators in the transmission and storage of information 14 . ...
... The living world, like the physical universe, has an informational character. Living things are biological information processors 14 . Living organisms must solve new problems encountered in their lives within a complex environment 17 . ...
Conrad Hal Waddington (1905-1975) was the first to discover that development was dependent on previously unknown gene activity, and he required an appropriate model organism. The epigenetic landscape is maybe his most well-known concept: a ball glides down a complicated valley, selecting path choices. The rolling ball reflects the evolution of a cell over time, while the topography represents the dynamic regulatory environment that governs these decisions. The role of each feature in the landscape was eventually regulated by the impacts of sets of interacting genes, a notion that underpins modern approaches to systems biology. Waddington is often credited with developing a view of environment that is far more complicated and delicate than the one that was prevalent throughout the advent of both Modern Synthesis and molecular biology. On the other hand, the topology of his renowned epigenetic landscape was merely anchored in the genome, and environmental change was considered as an external disruption. In other words, genes and the environment were regarded as symmetric agents in the epigenetic system at times and not at others. But post,modern synthesis gene centric interpretation of Waddington's landscape must be revisited. In this article, I have attempted to reconsider Waddington's landscape by replacing the "epigenetic" landscape with the term "information-data" landscape.
... Recently, the definition of time [30,52] has been introduced by considering an analysis of photon-atomic electron interaction, in relation to irreversibility [53][54][55], based on an engineering thermodynamic viewpoint [56][57][58][59]. Time is conjectured to be related both to the entropy production and to the entropy production rate. ...
... [30,56,57] point out that the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron affects the energy level both of the electron and of the centre of mass of the atom, in accordance with the theoretical and experimental results summarised in Refs. [53][54][55]66,69]. Consequently, the macroscopic irreversibility is the result of the microscopic irreversibility, due to the photon-electron interaction, which is the interaction between environmental electromagnetic waves and matter. ...
... The entropy production can be related to the analysis of irreversibility [53][54][55] of the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron [52,74]. Here, the fundamental results are summarised in order to be used in the thermodynamic approach to EPR paradox. ...
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. Following Relativity, any cause of an event must always be in the past light cone of the event itself, but causes and effects must always be related to some interactions. In this paper, causality is developed as a consequence of the analysis of the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen paradox. Causality is interpreted as the result of time generation, due to irreversible interactions of real systems among them. Time results as a consequence of irreversibility; so, any state function of a system in its space cone, when affected by an interaction with an observer, moves into a light cone or within it, with the consequence that any cause must precede its effect in a common light cone.
... Recently, a thermodynamic approach [23][24][25] to irreversibility in quantum systems has been developed based on the continuous interaction between the environmental electromagnetic waves and the matter, analysing the absorption-emission of a photon by an atomic electron, obtaining a thermophysical model of quantum thermodynamics in agreement with the experimental results [26][27][28][29] . In this context, quantum system is considered as an open system, due to the photon inflow and outflow. ...
... which allows us to focus our study on the definition of time interval τ. Indeed, recently, a thermodynamic approach to time interval definition has been developed 41-43 about the analysis of irreversibility 23,23,24 in photon-atomic-electron interaction [26][27][28][29][30] . ...
The Quantum Zeno Effect slows down the quantum system's time evolution under frequent measurements. This paper aims to study this quantum effect by introducing the definition of time based on an irreversible thermodynamic analysis of quantum systems. Consequently, the Quantum Zeno Effect requires (i) high values of the electromagnetic entropy generation rate related to the spontaneously down-converted light and (ii) a decrease in the quantum system's entropy value. So, the Quantum Zeno Effect is a quantum process related to the interaction between a quantum system and the electromagnetic waves of the measurement device, causing a quantum thermodynamic stationary state. Last, the fundamental role of irreversibility emerges.
... Recently, the definition of time [29,47] has been introduced by considering an analysis of photon-atomic-electron interaction, in relation to the irreversibility [48][49][50] based on an engineering thermodynamic viewpoint [51][52][53][54]. Time is conjectured to be related both to the entropy production and to the entropy production rate: this result agrees to the approach of Planck and Einstein, who have pointed out that the law of system evolution is precisely the law of evolution of entropy [55,56]. ...
... where E el is the electric field, B m is the magnetic field, c is the velocity of light, a universal constant in the Universe, ε 0 is the electric permittivity in vacuum and µ 0 is magnetic permeability in vacuum, A is the area of the border of the thermodynamic control volume, and T 0 is the environmental temperature. The entropy production can be related to the analysis of irreversibility [48][49][50] of the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron [47,66]. Here, the fundamental results are summarised in order to be used in the thermodynamic analysis of EPR paradox. ...
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. Following Relativity, any cause of an event must always be in the past light cone of the event itself, but causes and effect must always be related to some interactions. In this paper, causality is developed as a consequence of the analysis of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox. Causality is interpreted as the result of the time generation due to irreversible interactions of real systems among them. Time results as a consequence of irreversibility, so any state function of a system in its space cone, when affected by an interaction with an observer, moves into a light cone or within it, with the consequence that any cause must precede its effect in a common light cone.
... Recently, the definition of time [29,47] has been introduced by considering an analysis of photon-atomic-electron interaction, in relation to the irreversibility [48][49][50] based on an engineering thermodynamic viewpoint [51][52][53][54]. Time is conjectured to be related both to the entropy production and to the entropy production rate: this result agrees to the approach of Planck and Einstein, who have pointed out that the law of system evolution is precisely the law of evolution of entropy [55,56]. ...
... where E el is the electric field, B m is the magnetic field, c is the velocity of light, a universal constant in the Universe, ε 0 is the electric permittivity in vacuum and µ 0 is magnetic permeability in vacuum, A is the area of the border of the thermodynamic control volume, and T 0 is the environmental temperature. The entropy production can be related to the analysis of irreversibility [48][49][50] of the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron [47,66]. Here, the fundamental results are summarised in order to be used in the thermodynamic analysis of EPR paradox. ...
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. Following Relativity, any cause of an event must always be in the past light cone of the event itself, but causes and effect must always be related to some interactions. In this paper, causality is developed as a consequence of the analysis of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox. Causality is interpreted as the result of the time generation due to irreversible interactions of real systems among them. Time results as a consequence of irreversibility, so any state function of a system in its space cone, when affected by an interaction with an observer, moves into a light cone or within it, with the consequence that any cause must precede its effect in a common light cone.
... Recently, the definition of time [29,41] has been introduced by considering an analysis of photon-atomic-electron interaction, in relation to the irreversibility [42][43][44] based on an engineering thermodynamic viewpoint [45][46][47][48]. Time is conjectured to be related both to the entropy production and to the entropy production rate: this result agrees to the approach of Planck and Einstein, who have pointed out that the law of evolution of a system is precisely the law of evolution of entropy [49,50]. ...
... where E el is the electric field, B m is the magnetic field, c is the velocity of light, a universal constant in the Universe, ε 0 is the electric permittivity in vacuum and µ 0 is magnetic permeability in vacuum, A is the area of the border of the thermodynamic control volume, and T 0 is the environmental temperature. The entropy production can be related to the analysis of irreversibility [42][43][44] of the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron [41,60]. Here, the fundamental results are summarised in order to be used in the thermodynamic analysis of EPR paradox. ...
Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. Following Relativity, any cause of an event must always be in the past light cone of the event itself, but causes and effect must always be related to some interactions. In this paper, causality is developed as a consequence of the analysis of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox. Causality is interpreted as the result of the time generation due to irreversible interactions of real systems among them. Time results as a consequence of irreversibility, so any state function of a system in its space cone, when affected by an interaction with an observer, moves into a light cone or within it, with the consequence that any cause must precede its effect in a common light cone.
... where E el is the electric field, B m is the magnetic field, c is the velocity of light, 0 is the electric permittivity in a vacuum, µ 0 is the magnetic permeability in a vacuum, A is the area of the border of the thermodynamic control volume and T 0 is the environmental temperature. The entropy production has been obtained by the analysis of irreversibility [62][63][64] of the interaction between a photon and an atomic electron [23,42]. ...
The aim of this review is to shed light on time and irreversibility, in order to link macroscopic to microscopic approaches to these complicated problems. After a brief summary of the standard notions of thermodynamics, we introduce some considerations about certain fundamental aspects of temporal evolution of out-of-equilibrium systems. Our focus is on the notion of entropy generation as the marked characteristic of irreversible behaviour. The concept of time and the basic aspects of the thermalization of thermal radiation, due to the interaction of thermal radiation with matter, are explored concisely from complementary perspectives. The implications and relevance of time for the phenomenon of thermal radiation and irreversible thermophysics are carefully discussed. The concept of time is treated from a different viewpoint, in order to make it as clear as possible in relation to its different fundamental problems.
... But, a quantity doesn't appear in this quantum approach of the transition between atomic steady states: it is the time. But, something happens that requires to introduce it; indeed, this process is completely irreversible, because this phase shift cannot be inverted, as it is well known in spectroscopy 39,[47][48][49] . So, we must introduce a quantity which shows this irreversibility. ...
In the environment, there exists a continuous interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. So, atoms continuously interact with the photons of the environmental electromagnetic fields. This electromagnetic interaction is the consequence of the continuous and universal thermal non-equilibrium, that introduces an element of randomness to atomic and molecular motion. Consequently, a decreasing of path probability required for microscopic reversibility of evolution occurs. Recently, an energy footprint has been theoretically proven in the atomic electron-photon interaction, related to the well known spectroscopic phase shift effect, and the results on the irreversibility of the electromagnetic interaction with atoms and molecules, experimentally obtained in the late sixties. Here, we want to show how this quantum footprint is the “origin of time”. Last, the result obtained represents also a response to the question introduced by Einstein on the analysis of the interaction between radiation and molecules when thermal radiation is considered; he highlighted that in general one restricts oneself to a discussion of the energy exchange, without taking the momentum exchange into account. Our result has been obtained just introducing the momentum into the quantum analysis.
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