A Review of the Archipini of the Bahamas with the Description of a New Species of Argyrotaenia Stephens (Tortricidae)

Abstract

Recent surveys in The Bahamas recorded four species of Archipini. Of these, Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana Austin & Dombroskie, sp. n. is described and illustrated, while A. amatana (Dyar), A. kimballi Obraztsov, and Clepsis peritana (Clemens) are reported from The Bahamas for the first time. Because of the difficulty of identifying the latter three species, they are re-described and figured. A key to the Archipini of The Bahamas is included.

Full text

VOLUME 73, NUMBER 1
5
Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society
73(1), 2019, 5–17
A REVIEW OF THE ARCHIPINI OF THE BAHAMAS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
OF ARGYROTAENIA STEPHENS (TORTRICIDAE)
1*KYHL A. AUSTIN, 1JASON J. DOMBROSKIE, 2DEBORAH L. MATTHEWS AND 2JACQUELINE Y. MILLER
1Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601
2McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
* Corresponding author Kyhl Austin email: kaa226@cornell.edu
ABSTRACT.
Recent surveys in The Bahamas recorded four species of Archipini. Of these, Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana Austin
& Dombroskie, sp. n. is described and illustrated, while A. amatana (Dyar), A. kimballi Obraztsov, and Clepsis peritana (Clemens)
are reported from The Bahamas for the first time. Because of the difficulty of identifying the latter three species, they are re-
described and figured. A key to the Archipini of The Bahamas is included.
Additional key words: Caribbean, Clepsis, island biogeography
The tribe Archipini has a worldwide distribution but
is sparsely represented in the Neotropics (Razowski
1997, Razowski & Becker 2010). The Caribbean fauna
in particular is poorly studied and many new species
await description (KAA & JJD pers. obs.). At present,
there are no published records of Archipini in The
Bahamas. Historical surveys have focused primarily on
macrolepidoptera (Hampson 1901, 1904). Ongoing
surveys led by JYM have begun to shed light on the
diversity of Bahamian Tortricidae (Brown et al. 2018,
Gilligan et al. 2018). The present work reports three
previously-described species of Archipini from The
Bahamas and describes a new species. The latter is
distinctive among Argyrotaenia based on forewing
pattern and is compared to Epichoristodes acerbella
(Walker), a superficially similar African species with
which it might be confused. Whereas the Caribbean
Archipini fauna is usually endemic to a single island
(KAA & JJD pers. obs.), the Archipini fauna of The
Bahamas is unique in that three of its four species are
shared with Florida. At present, there are no known
species shared between The Bahamas and any other
Caribbean island.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Material from the following collections was
examined:
CUIC Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca,
New York, USA
MEM Mississippi Entomological Museum,
Starkville, Mississippi, USA
MGCL McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and
Biodiversity, Gainesville, Florida, USA
TM Research collection of Tim L. McCabe, Albany,
New York, USA
USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History,
Washington D.C., USA
Host records were gathered from the following
additional collections:
FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods,
Gainesville, Florida, USA
We examined five pinned adult specimens and five
genitalia preparations (three males, two females) of the
new species, and these were compared to adults and
genitalia of all other described Argyrotaenia species for
which we could find images and/or descriptions.
Additionally, we reviewed monographic treatments of
the genus (Freeman 1944, Clarke 1958, Obraztsov
1961, Powell 1960, 1964, 1965, Razowski 1964, 1988,
1991, 1999, Heppner 1989, Brown & Cramer 2000,
Razowski & Becker 2000, 2010, Razowski & Pelz 2004,
Razowski & Wojtusiak 2006ab, 2008, 2009, 2010,
Trematerra & Brown 2004) to confirm its novelty.
Records of larval hosts summarized in Tables 1 and 2
were found in literature cited as well as material
examined. Presence of these hosts in The Bahamas is
based on Coker & Shattuck (1905) and Correll &
Correll (1982).
Dissection methods follow Landry (2007) except 10%
KOH solution was used instead of 20%, and abdomens
were allowed to soak or gently heated until tissue was
sufficiently dissolved; however not all dissections were
slide-mounted to allow lateral imaging of the male
genitalia. Genitalia and abdomens, when not slide
mounted, are preserved in glycerol-filled microvials
pinned beneath the specimen. Genitalia were stained
with a combination of Orange-G or Eosin Y and
chlorazol black. Forewing (FW) length was measured
on a straight line from the base of the costa to the apex
including the fringe. The majority of color terminology
follows Ridgway (1912).
Images of adults and genitalia were captured using a
Macroscopic Solutions Macropod Pro and Canon EOS
6D DSLR camera body using the Macro Photo MP-E

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FIG. 1a–f. Argyrotaenia amatana adults. 1a: m, Bahamas, Crooked Island, MGCL 236778 (MCGL). 1b: f, Bahamas, Cat
Island, MGCL 238590 (MGCL). 1c: m, Bahamas, Cat Island, MGCL 238585 (MGCL). 1d: f, Bahamas, Crooked Island, MGCL
232998 (MGCL). 1e: m, Bahamas, Great Exuma, MGCL 234182 (MGCL). 1f: f, Bahamas, Crooked Island, MGCL 234816
(MGCL). Figures not to scale.

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65mm f/2.8 1–5× manual focus lens for EOS or EF
70–200mm zoom lens with 10× or 20× Mitutoyo
objective lenses for male genitalia. Additional adult
images were produced with a Canon 70D and Canon
100mm IS macro lens and genitalia images with a Leica
DFC425 camera, DM2500 microscope, LAS core
software, and external LED epi-illumination. Images
were stacked as needed using Zerene Stacking Software
Version 1.04 (Zerene Systems, LLC 2014). Figures were
manipulated with Adobe Photoshop CC (2015). Maps
were created with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse, 2010).
Morphological terms, including those for genitalia,
follow Razowski (2008) with the exception of the
“phallus”, which we use instead of “aedeagus”.
RESULTS
Key to the known species of Archipini of The
Bahamas.
1. Forewing predominantly yellow, banding obsolete
(Fig. 2a–c)......Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana, sp. n.
— Forewing with banding apparent…..............……2
2. Forewing with brown median fascia and subapical
blotch, never with red or orange shades.. (Fig. 2e)
..………............................……….Clepsis peritana
— Forewing with median fascia and subapical blotch
usually red or orange …...................…………….3
3. Forewing with median fascia bicolored, subbasal
and submedian interfascia wide, distinct in entirety;
hindwing variable, but never orange (Fig. 2d) .....
…....…….............................Argyrotaenia kimballi
— Forewing highly variable, but not as above;
hindwing usually orange (Fig. 1a–f)…………
……...........…….............…..Argyrotaenia amatana
Argyrotaenia amatana (Dyar, 1901)
(Figs. 1a–f; 3a; 4a,f; 5a)
Lophoderus amatana Dyar, 1901: 24.
Eulia amatana (Dyar, 1901): Fernald, [1903]: 485
Tortrix chioccana Kearfott, 1907: 72
Argyrotoxa chiococcana Meyrick, 1912: 52; unjustified
emendation
Type material. Syntypes, 3ff: USA: Florida, Palm
Beach Co., Palm Beach, r.f. Nectandra [=Ocotea]
[photos examined, USNM].
Additional specimens examined. (13mm, 15ff) BAHAMAS: Cat
Island: 1m, vic. Ocean Dream Resort, E of Smith Town; 24.232273°,
–75.454536°, 23 vi 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, D. Matthews, G. Goss,
Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-15, MGCL 238585
(MGCL); 1f, same as previous but MGCL 238590 (MGCL); 1m,
same as previous but MGCL 238601 (MGCL). Crooked Island: 1m,
1.5 mi. E of Landrail Pt., 22.813263°, –74.321186°, 10 vi 2013, M.
Simon, G. Goss, M. Simon MGCL Accession No. 2013-21, MGCL
233031 [KAA dissection #0001] (MGCL); 1f, same as previous but 6
vi 2013, M. Simon & G. Goss, MGCL 234816 (MGCL); 1f, same as
previous but MGCL 232998 (MGCL); 1f, Pittstown Point,
22.831211°, –74.438717°, 9 vi 2013, M. Simon, G. Goss, M. Simon
MGCL Accession No. 2013-21, MGCL 232999 (MGCL); 1f, N side
of Horseshoe Beach nr. Gun Bluff, 22.835432°, –74.323017°, 6 vi
2013, M. Simon, G. Goss, M. Simon MGCL Accession No. 2013-21,
MGCL 232997 (MGCL); 1m, 0.5 mi. E of Ferry at Church Grove
Settlement, 22.758933°, –74.242501°, 6 vi 2014, M. Simon & M.
Simon, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-13, MGCL
236778 (MGCL). Eleuthera: 1m, N of Queen’s Hwy, 2.4 mi. SE
Governor’s Harbour, 25.174333°, –76.2105°, 26 vi 2014, J. Miller, M.
Simon, D. Matthews, G. Goss, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession
No. 2014-15, MATTHEWS GENITALIA PREP. #1800, MGCL
239708 (MGCL). Grand Bahama: 1m, vic. Owl’s Hole,
26.587496°, –78.469854°, 27 × 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, R. Rozycki,
D. Matthews, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-31,
MGCL 241372 (MGCL). Great Exuma: 1m, SW of Hoopers Bay,
23.518167°, –75.823667°, 26 v 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, D.
Matthews, G. Goss, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-14,
MGCL 235147 [KAA dissection #0002] (MGCL); 1m, same as
previous but MGCL 234182 (MGCL); 1f, same as previous but KAA
dissection #0003, MGCL 235148 (MGCL); 1f, Simons Pt., 23.31.50,
75.47.30 [23.53238°, –75.79478°], 18 iv 1986, T. L. McCabe (MEM);
1f, same as previous but 17 i 1980 (MEM). Great Inagua: 1f, 3 mi.
SW of Morton dock, 21.022222°, –73.685556°, 27 vii 2014, M. J.
Simon, G. Goss, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-21,
MGCL 237690 (MGCL); 1f, 1.3 mi. NNE of Morton dock,
21.066111°, –73.638056°, 27 vii 2014, M. J. Simon, G. Goss, Bahamas
Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-21, MGCL 238059 [KAA
dissection #0004] (MGCL). Long Island: 1m, NE of Whitehouse,
23.407167°, –75.160500°, 1 vi 2014, J. Miller, G. Goss, M. Simon, D.
Matthews, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-14, MGCL
235953 (MGCL); 1f, Deadman’s Cay, vic. Airport, 23.1755°,
–75.096333°, 29 v 2014, J. Miller, G. Goss, M. Simon, D. Matthews,
Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-14, MGCL 235817
(MGCL). Mayaguana: 1m, Pirates Well, Baycaner Beach, 22.435833°,
–73.102222°, 31 vii–1 viii 2014, M. J. Simon, G. Goss, Bahamas
Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-21, MGCL 237511 [KAA
dissection #0005] (MGCL). New Providence: 1m, Adventure
Learning Zoo off Marshall Rd., 25.004472°, –77.353807°, 10 iv 2014,
J. Miller, M. Mundle, D. Matthews & Entomology Class, Bahamas
Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-10, MGCL 235078 (MGCL).
North Abaco: 1f, 1 mi. S of Blackwood Village, 26.785115°,
–77.431319°, 6 vi 2016, J. Miller, M. Simon, G. Goss, D. Matthews,
Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2016-09, MGCL 246725
(MGCL). North Andros: 1m, Stanyard Creek Road, 24.730556°,
–77.886111°, 6-7 vi 2013, J. Miller, M. Simon, G. Goss, A. Shahan, J.
Y. Miller colln., MGCL Accession #2010-45, MGCL 233013
(MGCL). San Salvador: 1m, beach NE of Gerace Research Centre,
24.120114°, –74.461898°, 24 vii 2015, D. Matthews, T. A. Lott, R. W.
Portell, SAN SALVADOR ISLAND SURVEY ID, D. Matthews et al.,
MGCL Acc. #2015-57, MGCL 243204 [KAA dissection #0006]
(MGCL). South Andros: 1f, farm road north of The Bluff,
24.130088°, –77.59068°, 30 iii 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, R. Rozycki,
D. Matthews, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-9, MGCL
233852 (MGCL). USA: Florida: 1m, Miami-Dade Co., 17-18 iii 1939,
J. C. Bradley, J. G. FRANCLEMONT DISSECTION #C569
(CUIC); 1f, Monroe County, Boot Key, 16 vi 1987, T. L. Schiefer
[KAA dissection #0007] (CUIC).
Diagnosis. This is an exceedingly variable species.
Externally, it most resembles Argyrotaenia neibana
Razowski, 1999, at present known only from the female
holotype, described from the Dominican Republic. It is
best separated by examination of the female genitalia.
The apophyses anteriores are shorter and the capitulum
of the signum is larger in A. amatana compared to A.
neibana. However, A. neibana may prove to be a
synonym of A. amatana (KAA & JJD, in prep.). In
North America, females are not likely to be confused

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FIG. 2. Archipini adults. 2a: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana, sp. n. holotype m, Bahamas, Great Exuma (CUIC). 2b: Argyrotaenia
flavoreticulana, sp. n. paratype f, Bahamas, Long Island, MGCL 236228 (MGCL). 2c: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana,sp. n.
paratype m, Bahamas, Long Island, MGCL 236227 (MGCL). 2d: Argyrotaenia kimballi m, Bahamas, South Abaco, MGCL 241639
(MGCL). 2e: Clepsis peritana m, Bahamas, Central Abaco, MGCL 239361 (MGCL). Figures not to scale except where noted.

VOLUME 73, NUMBER 1
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with any described species. However, males may be
confused with smaller specimens of Argyrotaenia ivana
(Fernald, 1901). Argyrotaenia amatana can usually be
separated from this species by its orange hindwing and
the lack of a reticulated pattern thereon. Male genitalia
are distinct, the uncus is spatulate in A. amatana (Fig.
3a) and as broad as long in A. ivana.
Redescription. Male (n=10)
Head. Scales on vertex maize yellow to mahogany. Frons
concolorous with vertex, sometimes with area around antennal bases
lighter in those with darker vertex scaling. Labial palpus
approximately 1.5× as long as width of compound eye; uniformly
mahogany, except in some specimens with maize yellow distal scales
of second segment; second segment expanding distally, extending just
beyond basal scales of terminal segment. Medial surface of palpus
maize yellow. Scape maize yellow to mahogany; sensillae variable in
width and shape, short (0.5× width of flagellomere) and relatively
straight in some individuals, as wide as flagellomere and hooked in
others; dorsal scales of flagellum alternating between a mahogany row
and a similarly-sized buff-yellow row, giving the antennae a banded
appearance. Ocellus small, separated from compound eye by
approximately 0.5× width of ocellus. Bristles of chaetosemata
approximately 0.25× length of scales on frons.
Thorax. Dorsum of pro- and mesothorax concolorous with vertex,
sometimes with scattered darker scales; tegulae usually also
concolorous, but occasionally with dark brown scales; dorsal scaling
on metathorax maize yellow to buff-yellow, concolorous with
hindwing. Foreleg predominantly brown to black with medial surface
of femur maize yellow. Midleg mahogany, outer surface of femur and
tibia maize yellow, shorter of two spurs black, tarsi black. Hindleg
maize yellow to white, tarsi and spurs occasionally tinged with darker
scales. Forewing markings (Figs. 1a,c,e) highly variable, length
4.5–6.0mm (mean = 5.2; n = 10), costal fold absent, dorsal surface
varying chiefly in shade of submedian interfascia. In some individuals
(Figs. 1a,c), forewing almost uniformly maize yellow, giving a much
more contrasting overall appearance. In others, it is much more
mottled (Fig. 1e). Median fascia and subapical blotch varying from
mahogany (Fig. 1c) to dark brown (Figs. 1a,e). Fringe varying from
dark brown (Figs. 1a,e) to maize yellow (Fig. 1c). Ventral surface
maize yellow to mahogany. Dorsal surface of the hindwing equally
variable; usually orange (Fig. 1e), but occasionally maize yellow (Fig.
1c) or brown (Fig. 1a), slightly produced at the apical tip. Fringe
concolorous with hindwing. Ventral surface varies from white to pale
orange.
Abdomen. Posterior segments of abdomen concolorous with
hindwing. Genitalia (Fig. 3a) (n = 6) with uncus spatulate, bulb
approximately 1.25× wider than neck; socius obsolete; arms of
gnathos broad and of uniform width; tegumen somewhat narrow;
transtilla complete, uniform in width, unadorned; valva broadly
rounded, almost circular, sacculus well-developed, with slight angle at
middle, reaching apex of valva; juxta hexagonal with V-shaped notch;
phallus (Fig. 4f) pistol-shaped, with sockets for cornuti in a dense
patch at proximal tip.
Redescription. Female (n=12)
Head. Similar to male except antenna with sensillae minute, barely
noticeable in most individuals, appressed. Dorsal scales of flagellum
slightly darker than in males.
Thorax. Thorax, legs as in males. Forewing (Figs. 1b,d,f) length
5–7 mm (mean = 6.3; n = 12). Dorsal surface of forewing with similar
range of variation as in male. Median fascia and subapical blotch
varying from mahogany (Fig. 1b) to dark brown (Fig. 1d,f); usually a
patch of maize yellow scales just basad of median fascia on inner
margin, never reaching costa as in some males. Patch more developed
in some individuals (Fig. 1d) than in others (Fig. 1f); ventral surface
as in male. Hindwing as in male. Frenulum with 2–4 bristles, often
asymmetrical in number.
Abdomen. Vestiture of abdomen as in male. Genitalia (Fig. 4a)
with papillae anales broadly triangular, widening distally, slightly
curved laterally, evenly roughened on ventral surface; apophyses
posteriores 0.5× length of sternum VII; apophyses anteriores
approximately 0.67× length of sternum VII; sterigma semicircular,
smoothly rounded; ductus bursae longer than corpus bursae,
widening gradually; proximal sclerite of the ductus bursae present;
ductus seminalis arising at 0.25× length of ductus bursae; corpus
bursae round; signum slender, J-shaped; capitulum of signum large,
rounded, and curved anteriorly.
Distribution. Prior to this study, A. amatana was
known exclusively from Florida. Barrows (1991)
included records from as far north as St. Johns County,
but most records are from southern Florida. In The
Bahamas, A. amatana is known from Cat Island,
Crooked Island, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Great
Exuma, Great Inagua, Long Island, Mayaguana, New
Providence, North Abaco, North Andros, San Salvador,
and South Andros (Fig. 5a).
Biology. Argyrotaenia amatana is a generalist,
feeding on many different plant families (Table 1). It
can be an occasional greenhouse pest (JJD pers. obs.).
Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana Austin & Dombroskie,
new species
(Figs. 2a–c, 3b, 4b, 5b)
Diagnosis. Externally, A. flavoreticulana is super-
ficially similar to Epichoristodes acerbella (Walker,
1864), an African species, but it is readily separated by
the genitalia. In males, A. flavoreticulana has distinctly
rectangular valvae and a dense patch of long setae near
the costal base of the valvae, whereas males of E.
acerbella have broadly rounded valvae and lack the
patch of long setae near the costal base of the valvae.
Females of E. acerbella are readily separated by their
much longer apophyses and ductus bursae as well as
the shape of the corpus bursae and signum. The corpus
bursae in E. acerbella is bean-shaped with a rounded
horn-like signum; whereas that of A. flavoreticulana is
round with a J-shaped pointed signum. Among
Argyrotaenia, it can be distinguished by FW pattern
and color alone. The male genitalia of A.
flavoreticulana most closely resemble those of A.
bisignata Razowski, 1999 from the Dominican
Republic, but A. flavoreticulana possesses a wider
uncus which is deflexed abruptly from the tegumen at
nearly a 90º angle.
Description. Male.
Head. Scales on vertex maize yellow, slightly darker towards frons.
Frons with smooth, appressed scaling; yellow scaling continuing down
middle from vertex; scaling black laterally. Labial palpus
approximately 1.5× as long as width of compound eye; tricolored;
basal segment primarily white with occasional mahogany scales;
second segment primarily mahogany on lateral surface, expanding
distally, where intermixed with long white and black scales; terminal
segment black, extending just beyond terminal scales of second

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FIG. 3. Archipini male genitalia. 3a: Argyrotaenia amatana, Bahamas, Great Exuma, MGCL 234179 (MGCL). 3b: Argyrotaenia
kimballi, Bahamas, South Abaco, MGCL 238664 (MGCL). 3c: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana, holotype, dorsal view, Bahamas, South
Abaco (CUIC). 3d: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana, holotype, lateral view, Bahamas, South Abaco (CUIC). 3e: Clepsis peritana,
Bahamas, Central Abaco, MGCL 239361 (MGCL). 3f: Argyrotaenia amatana phallus, same specimen as 3a. 3g: Argyrotaenia kim-
balli phallus, same specimen as 3b. 3h: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana phallus, paratype, Long Island, MGCL 236227 (MGCL).
Figures not to scale.

segment. Medial face of palpus maize yellow. Scape mahogany,
sensillae approximately as long as flagellomere width, strongly hooked
distally; dorsal scales of flagellum alternating between mahogany row
and slightly wider, maize yellow row. Ocellus small, separated from
compound eye by approximately 1× width of ocellus. Bristles of
chaetosemata approximately 0.33× length of scales on frons.
Thorax. Dorsum of pro- and mesothorax buff-yellow, slightly
darker than vertex of head; tegulae buff-yellow; dorsal scaling on
metathorax white, concolorous with hindwings. Foreleg usually black,
occasionally maize yellow. Midleg buff-yellow intermixed with black
scales, tarsi black. Hindleg maize yellow to white, tarsi mostly black.
Forewing (Fig. 2a,c) length 6–7 mm (mean = 6.3; n = 3), costal fold
absent, dorsal surface with indistinct maize yellow to buff-yellow
reticulation with intermittent dark scales; fringe maize yellow; ventral
surface maize yellow, unmarked. Dorsal surface of hindwing divided
into two color regions demarcated by CuA2: white on costal side, pale
gray on anal side. Fringe usually maize yellow to white, sometimes
with a row of dark basal scales on anal half, cubital pecten present;
ventral surface white, unmarked.
Abdomen. Posterior segments of abdomen concolorous with paler
portion of hindwing, anterior segments concolorous with darker
portion of hindwing. Genitalia (Fig. 3c,d) (n = 3) with uncus broad,
elongate, evenly rounded, slightly expanded distally, abruptly
deflexed from tegumen at base and dorsally nearly straight in lateral
view; socius obsolete; arms of gnathos moderate, uniform in width
throughout, joined in a sharp terminal point; tegumen broader than
that of A. amatana; transtilla slender, thread-like, complete; valva
rectangular with apex slightly produced (variable in extent), with a
patch of long, dense setae arising near base, scattered setae near apex
and along fold in disc of valva; sacculus broad to 0.67× its length, then
narrowing slightly; juxta hexagonal with V-shaped notch; phallus (Fig.
3h) pistol-shaped, even throughout except for at proximal tip, where
it widens ventrally; approximately 15 spindle-shaped, deciduous
cornuti.
Description. Female.
Head. Similar to male except antenna with sensillae less than 0.5×
length of flagellomere, appressed, not hooked as in male. Ocellus
slightly smaller than in male, separated from compound eye by
approximately 0.5× the width of ocellus.
Thorax. Thorax as in male. Legs with similar variation to male, but
with slightly less prominent dark scaling on mid- and hindleg tarsi.
Forewing (Fig. 2b) length 7.5–8.5 mm (mean=8.0; n=2). Dorsal
surface of forewing with similar pattern of reticulated maize yellow to
buff-yellow as in male, but with two distinct black smudges along
inner margin, first at approximately 1/4 and second at approximately
2/3 from wing base, second slightly larger than first, neither reaching
more than halfway to costa. Dorsal surface of hindwing, ventral
surfaces of both wings as in male. Frenulum with two or three
bristles, asymmetrical in number on one specimen examined.
Abdomen. Vestiture of abdomen as in male. Genitalia (Fig. 4b)
(n=2) with papillae anales elongate and triangular, widening slightly
distally, evenly roughened on ventral surface; apophyses posteriores
0.5× length of sternum VII; apophyses anteriores approximately
0.67× length of sternum VII; sterigma broadly U-shaped, slightly
angled laterally; ductus bursae longer than corpus bursae, widening
gradually distally; proximal sclerite of the ductus bursae present;
ductus seminalis arising at 0.25× length of ductus bursae; corpus
bursae round; signum thick, J-shaped with capitulum of signum large,
rounded, opposite-facing.
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TABLE 1. Known host records for Argyrotaenia amatana.
Species Family Reference Present in Bahamas?
Acer rubrum Aceraeceae Barrows 1991
Sagittaria lancifolia Alismataceae Barrows 1991 ×
Annona diversifolia Annonaceae Heppner 2003
Annona glabra Annonaceae Dyar 1901 ×
Fleischmannia incarnata Asteraceae Barrows 1991
Solidago sp. Asteraceae Heppner 2003 ×
Laguncularia racemosa Combretaceae Barrows 1991 ×
Taxodium distichum Cupressaceae Barrows 1991
Lysiloma latisiliquum Fabaceae Barrows 1991 ×
Nectandra coriacea Lauraceae Kearfott 1907 ×
Persea americana Lauraceae Freeman 1958 ×
Persea borbonia Lauraceae Barrows 1991 ×
Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae FSCA ×
Eugenia sp. Myrtaceae Kimball 1965 ×
Ligustrum japonicum Oleaceae FSCA
Podocarpus sp. Podocarpaceae CUIC
Rosa sp. Rosaceae Heppner 2003
Chiococca alba Rubiaceae Kearfott 1907 ×
Erithalis fruticosa Rubiaceae FSCA ×
Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae Heppner 2003 ×
Calodendrum capense Rutaceae FSCA
Citrofortunella sp. Rutaceae FSCA
Citrus hystrix Rutaceae FSCA
Citrus sinensis Rutaceae Bullock et al. 1997 ×
Salix caroliniana Salicaceae Barrows 1991
Pouteria sapota Sapotaceae FSCA ×

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12 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY
FIG. 4. Archipini female genitalia. 4a: Argyrotaenia amatana, Bahamas, Great Exuma, MGCL 235672 (MGCL). 4b: Argyrotae-
nia flavoreticulana, sp. n. paratype, Bahamas, Long Island (CUIC). 4c: Argyrotaenia kimballi, USA, Florida, Manatee County
(CUIC). 4d: Clepsis peritana, Bahamas, Central Abaco, MGCL 239362 (MGCL).

Holotype.
♂
, BAHAMAS: Great Exuma: Simons Pt.,
23.31.50–75.47.30 [23.53238°, –75.79478°], 10 April 1986, Tim L.
McCabe, T. McCabe collection, HOLOTYPE mArgyrotaenia
flavoreticulana Austin & Dombroskie, 2019 handwritten red label
(deposited in CUIC). Paratypes. 2mm, 2ff: BAHAMAS: Long
Island: 1m, blue hole E of Anderson, 23.533233°, –75.237334°,
31.v.2014, J. Miller, G. Goss, M. Simon, D. Matthews, Bahamas
Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-14, MGCL 236227 [KAA
dissection #0008] (MGCL); 1f, same as previous but Bahamas Survey
MGCL Accession No. 2014-14, MATTHEWS GENITALIA PREP.
#1843, MGCL 236228 (MGCL). South Andros: 1m, W of The Bluff
Settlement, 24.106939°, –77.557659°, 29 iii 2014, J. Miller, M.
Simon, R. Rozycki, D. Matthews, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession
No. 2014-9, MATTHEWS GENITALIA PREP. #1825, MGCL
233628 (MGCL). Great Exuma: 1f, Simons Pt, 23.31.50, 75.47.30
[23.53238°, –75.79478°], 17 January 1980, Tim L. McCabe, T.
McCabe Collection (TM). All paratypes with the following
handwritten yellow label: PARATYPE m/fArgyrotaenia
flavoreticulana Austin & Dombroskie, 2018.
Distribution. At present, this species is known
exclusively from The Bahamas, where it has been
collected on Great Exuma, Long Island, and South
Andros (Fig. 5b).
Biology. Nothing is known of its biology. Specimens
range in capture date from January to May.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to
the reticulated (reticulatus Latin) forewing pattern of
this new species combined with the yellow (flavo-
Latin) ground color.
Argyrotaenia kimballi Obraztsov, 1961
(Figs. 2d, 3c, 4c, 5c)
Argyrotaenia kimballi Obraztsov, 1961: 13
Type material. Holotype,
♂
USA: Florida,
Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station, 10 ii 1958,
R. W. Pease, Jr., genitalia on slide, no. 509-Obr. (photo
examined, AMNH). Paratypes (5mm, 1f): 2mm, same as
holotype but 25 xii 1957 and 5 i 1958; 3mm, same as
holotype but 31 xii 1959, 5 i 1960, and 14 i 1960, S. W.
Frost (Collection of C. P. Kimball), f, same as holotype
but 22 ii 1958 (genitalia on slide, no. 510-Obr.) (photo
examined, AMNH)..
Additional specimens examined. (30mm, 13ff) BAHAMAS:
North Andros: 1m, Captain Bill’s Blue Hole, 24.742046°, -77.862031°,
13 vi 2012, Mark Simon, Gary Goss, Rick Rozycki & Michael Simon,
M. Simon MGCL Accession No. 2012-28, MGCL 233014 (MGCL);
1m, 2.4 mi. S of Staniard Creek, dirt road W of Queen's Hwy.,
24.797594°, –77.888264°, 27 x 2011, J.Y. Miller, M. Simon, G. Goss,
D. Matthews, MGCL Accession No. 2011-32, MGCL 233015
(MGCL). South Abaco: 1m, Schooner Bay, coppice trail, 26.167000°,
–77.181167°, 30 x 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, R. Rozycki, D. Matthews,
Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No. 2014-31, MATTHEWS
GENITALIA PREP. #1795, MGCL 238664 (MGCL); 1m, Schooner
Bay Institute, 26.161333°, –77.187667°, 31 x 2014, J. Miller, M.
Simon, R. Rozycki, D. Matthews, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession
No. 2014-31, MGCL 241639 (MGCL); 1m, vicinity of Sawmill Sink,
26.218346°, –77.210170°, 31 x 2014, J. Miller, M. Simon, R. Rozycki,
D. Matthews, N. & M. Albury, Bahamas Survey MGCL Accession No.
2014-31, MGCL 241702 (MGCL). USA: Alabama: 2mm, Cleburne
Co., Talladega N.F., Skyway Mtwy, 33.702, –85.596, 28 vi 2008, J. J.
Dombroskie, D. Lawrie (CUIC); 1m, Baldwin Co., Bon Secour N.W.
Refuge, 30°13’50”N, 87°49'58"W, 15 v 1994, Ronald W. Hodges
(USNM). Florida: 4mm, 1f, Baker Co., Osceola National Forest,
30°23'01"N, 82°19'51"W, 19 vi 2006, J. J. Dombroskie et al. (CUIC);
1f, Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, Delancey Lake [Lake
Delancy], 29°25'37"N, 81°47'22"W, 22 vi 2006, J. J. Dombroskie et al.
(CUIC); 1m, Manatee Co., Oneco, 1 April 1954, J. G. Franclemont, R.
Lambert genitalia slide #902 (CUIC); 1fsame as previous but 30
March 1954 (CUIC). Louisiana: 1m, St. John Parish, Edgard, 4 March
1982, V. A. Brou (USNM). Maryland: 1m, Dorchester Co., 3 mi. E.
Hurlock, 26 iv 1990, J. Glaser (USNM); 1m, 2ff, same as previous but
2 v 1992 (USNM); 1m, same as previous but 10 v 2001 (USNM); 1m,
Dorchester Co., 9 mi. SE Cambridge, 11 v 1995, J. Glaser (USNM);
1f, Taylors Island, salt marsh, 1 v 2001, J. Glaser (USNM); 1m,
Somerset Co., Deal Island WMA, 29 viii 1996, J. Glaser (USNM); 1m,
Wicomico Co., 3 m. W Mardela Springs, 20 May 1995, J. Glaser
(USNM); 1m, Worcester Co., Vaughn WMA, 15 ix 1998, J. Glaser
(USNM); 1msame as previous but 14 iv 1994; J. Glaser (USNM).
Mississippi: 1m, George Co., 3 mi. N Lucedale, 16 ii – 7 iii 1997, R.
Kergosien (CUIC); 1f, Tishomingo Co., Woodall Mountain, 22 vii
2004, Ricky Patterson (CUIC); 1f, Jackson Co., Shepard State Park,
19 ix – 2 x 1995, R. Kergosien (CUIC). North Carolina: 1f, Moore
Co., Niagara, 8 iv 1964 (USNM); 1f, Richmond Co., Hoffman, 21
April 2001, J. Glasser (USNM). South Carolina: 4mm, 2ff, Charleston
Co., McClellanville, Wedge Plantation, 24 iii 1969, Ronald W. Hodges
(USNM); 1fsame as previous but 21 iii 1968 (CUIC); 1msame as
previous but 7 iv 1970 (CUIC); 1msame as previous but 13 iv 1970
(CUIC).
Diagnosis. A. kimballi can usually be separated from
other species of Argyrotaenia by the distinctly bicolored
median fascia, the wide pale gray or sometimes pink-
washed submedian interfascia, and the absence of a
clublike projection into the median fascia, which is
present in some other members of the velutinana group
(e.g., A. floridana Obraztsov, A. hodgesi Heppner, A.
tabulana Freeman). We were unable to find any
consistent characters in the male or female genitalia to
separate kimballi from other members of the difficult
velutinana group.
Redescription. Male.
Head. Scales on vertex variable in color, ranging from buff-yellow
in specimens from Florida and The Bahamas to nearly black in more
northern populations; frons mahogany. Labial palpus about 1.25×
width of compound eye, basal segment variable, white to buff-yellow
to mahogany; second segment buff-yellow to mahogany, occasionally
intermixed with black scales; terminal segment buff-yellow to orange,
occasionally all black. Medial surface of palpus maize yellow. Scape
mahogany, sensillae no longer than width of flagellomere, straight or
nearly so; dorsal scales of flagellum alternating between maize yellow
and dark brown to black, variable in width of the black bands: black
dominates in northern populations, but is noticeably reduced in
populations from Florida and The Bahamas. Ocellus small, separated
from compound eye by width of ocellus. Bristles of chaetosemata
approximately 0.25× length of scales on vertex.
Thorax. Dorsum of pro- and mesothorax variable in color of scales,
ranging from maize yellow to dark brown. Specimens from Florida
and The Bahamas tend to have a distinctive mahogany band just
behind head, whereas this area is dark brown in most other northern
populations. Tegula equally variable, ranging from buff-yellow to
mahogany to dark brown. Dorsal scaling on metathorax white. Foreleg
and midleg predominantly black. Hindleg maize yellow to white, tarsi
with scattered black scales. Forewing (Fig. 2d) 5.0–9.5 mm (mean =
7.1; n = 25), costal fold absent, dorsal surface usually with distinctly
bicolored median fascia demarcated by costal edge of cell: mahogany
on costal side, orange on inner margin side. The submedial and
subbasal interfascia are wide and distinct, usually white with blue-gray
or occasionally pink shading. Basal blotch mahogany with two less
distinct fascia overlaying it, fringe maize yellow to orange to pale
VOLUME 73, NUMBER 1
13

brown; ventral surface maize yellow, banding pattern of dorsal surface
usually visible on costal margin. Dorsal surface of hindwing
unicolorous, varying from maize yellow to pale brown, fringe light gray
to buff-yellow; ventral surface concolorous.
Abdomen. Vestiture of abdomen concolorous with hindwing,
terminal segment white. Genitalia (Fig. 3c) with uncus narrow, uniform
in width, rounded at apex; socius obsolete; arms of gnathos moderate,
uniform in width throughout, joined in a sharp terminal point;
tegumen typical for genus; transtilla broad at edges, narrowing slightly
medially, complete; valva somewhat rectangular with rounded corners
with sparsely scattered setae throughout, more dense below fold in
valva; sacculus narrow, almost reaching apex of valva, juxta nearly
diamond-shaped with Y-shaped slit; phallus sickle-shaped, narrowing
gradually to proximal tip, where sockets for cornuti are present.
Redescription. Female.
Head. Similar to male except antenna with sensillae minute, barely
noticeable, no more than 0.5× width of flagellomere, scape color
variable.
Thorax. Thorax as in male. Legs similar to male, but some with
slightly less prominent black scaling. Forewing length 6.5–11.0 mm
(mean = 8.6; n = 13). Dorsal surface of forewing similar pattern as in
male, but some with less contrasting median fascia. Submedial and
subbbasal interfascia slightly more washed out in some specimens.
Hindwing as in male.
Abdomen. Vestiture of abdomen as in male. Genitalia (Fig. 4c) with
papillae anales broad and loosely triangular, broadly rounded, evenly
roughened on ventral surface; apophyses posterioris short,
approximately 0.5× length of sternum VII; apophyses anteriores
14
14 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY
FIG. 5. Argyrotaenia distribution. 5a: Argyrotaenia amatana. 5b: Argyrotaenia flavoreticulana, sp. n. 5c: Argyrotaenia kimballi.
All geographic coordinates are approximate and based on the localities provided on data labels. Some data points are based on pho-
tographs and these identifications should be considered tentative.

approximately 0.67× length of sternum VII; sterigma broadly U-
shaped, slightly angled laterally; ductus bursae not much longer than
corpus bursae, barely extending past sternum VII, widening gradually;
proximal sclerite of the ductus bursae present; ductus seminalis arising
at 0.25× length of ductus bursae; corpus bursae round; signum thick, J-
shaped with capitulum of signum small, barely noticeable.
Distribution. In The Bahamas, A. kimballi is known
only from North Andros and South Abaco. In the United
States, it ranges from eastern Texas east to Florida and
north to Tennessee and Maryland (Fig. 5c).
Biology. Bullock et al. 1997 reported this species as
being a minor pest on Citrus (Rutaceae) in Florida. Its
host preferences in the rest of its range is unknown.
Remarks. Further work needs to be done to
elucidate useful genitalia characters in the A. velutinana
group. We suspect minor differences in the juxta and
transtilla of the males may exist. At present, most
identifications must be based on wing pattern, size, and
distribution.
Clepsis peritana (Clemens, 1860)
(Figs. 2e, 3d, 4d)
Smicrotes peritana Clemens, 1860: 356.
Tortrix peritana (Clemens, 1860); Fernald, 1882: 18.
Ptycholoma peritana (Clemens, 1860); Freeman, 1958:
58.
Dichelia inconclusana Walker, 1863: 318.
Type material. Lectotype,
♂
“Canada and USA”
(ANSP) (not examined).
Specimens examined. (2mm, 6ff) BAHAMAS: Central Abaco: 1m,
E side of S.C. Bolle Hwy., 3 mi. S of Treasure Cay Rd., 26.656294°,
–77.306661°, 2 xi 2014, MGCL 239361 (MGCL); 1f, same as previous
but MGCL 239362 (MGCL). USA: Alabama: 1f, Cleburne Co.,
Talladega N.F., Skyway Mtwy, 33.702, –85.596, 28 vi 2008, J. J.
Dombroskie, D. Lawrie (CUIC). Arizona: 1f, Cochise Co., Southwest
Research Sta., 31.883, –109.206, 19 viii 2012, J. J. Dombroskie et al.
(CUIC). Florida: 1f, Alachua Co., Gainesville, 29°40'09"N,
82°20'04"W, 10 vi 2006, J. J. Dombroskie et al. (CUIC). Mississippi:
1f, Lafayette Co., Franklin Lake Rec. Area, 34.532, –89.458, 22 vi
2008, J. J. Dombroskie, D. Lawrie (CUIC). New York: 1f, Tompkins
Co., Ithaca, 42.451, –76.465, 17 vi 2012, J. J. Dombroskie (CUIC).
Virginia: 1m, Fairfax Co., 1km E Fairfax City, 31 v 2006, J. Brown,
DNA voucher 2906 (CUIC).
Diagnosis. Males of Clepsis peritana are most likely
to be confused with Clepsis penetralis Razowski, 1979
and positive identification of males may be problematic.
Kruse & Powell (2014) mentioned that C. peritana
possessed a distally-bent phallus, which C. penetralis
lacks, but we found this to be highly variable and
unreliable for separating the two species. At present, we
believe the best way to diagnose males is through
association with known females. Females are among the
few Clepsis which lack a signum and possess a tightly
coiled ductus bursa (Fig. 4d). In this regard, it is most
similar to C. pinaria Razowski & Becker, 2010,
described from Cuba. However, C. peritana possesses a
small sclerotized projection adjacent to the ostium,
which C. pinaria lacks.
Redescription. Male.
Head. Scales on vertex and frons buff-yellow. Labial palpus about
1.5× width of compound eye, all three segments orange-yellow.
Medial face of palpus maize yellow. Scape buff-yellow, sensillae no
longer than width of flagellomere, straight or nearly so; dorsal scales of
flagellum alternating between buff-yellow and dark brown. Ocellus
small, separated from compound eye by less than 0.5× width of
ocellus. Bristles of chaetosemata approximately 0.33× length of scales
on vertex.
Thorax. Scales on dorsum of pro- and mesothorax buff-yellow to
brown. Tegulae buff-yellow. Dorsal scaling on metathorax white.
Foreleg coxa and femur mixed pale drab ventrolaterally, coxa pale
buff dorsolaterally, tarsomeres banded brown and pale buff; midleg
mixed pale drab and buff, tarsomeres banded drab to brown and pale
buff, spurs pale drab, unequal, lateral spur shortest and drab laterally;
hindleg pale buff. Forewing (Fig. 2e) 4.6–5.5 mm (mean = 5.1; n = 2)
costal fold absent, wing pattern with brown median fascia and
subapical blotch overlaying a buff-yellow base sometimes with a small
dark spot near end of cell and/or a small dark streak in basal area;
ventral surface brown, banding pattern of dorsal surface visible.
Dorsal and ventral surface of hindwing pale brown, fringe
concolorous.
Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 3d) with uncus spatulate; socius absent;
arms of gnathos moderate, uniform in width throughout, joined in a
sharp terminal point; tegumen slender; transtilla incomplete mesally,
armed with several sharp spines; valva somewhat triangular,
membranous on the distal half; sacculus broad, tapering to a sharp
point halfway to apex; juxta close to circular, truncated posteriorly;
phallus unevenly bent distally with sharp apex and a single short, thin
cornutus.
VOLUME 73, NUMBER 1
15
TABLE 2. Known host records for Clepsis peritana.
Species Family Reference Present in Bahamas?
Dead leaves Powell 1964 ×
Jacobaea vulgaris Asteraceae Frick & Hawkes 1970
Chrysanthemum sp. Asteraceae Powell 1964
Cynara cardunculus Asteraceae Powell 1964
Stachys sp. Lamiaceae Powell 1964
Fragaria sp. Rosaceae Powell 1964
Citrus sp. Rutaceae Powell 1964 ×
Scrophularia californica Scrophulariaceae Powell 1964
Solanum torvum Solanaceae Bruner et al. 1975 ×

Redescription. Female.
Head. Similar to male except antennae with sensillae shorter.
Thorax. Legs as in male. Forewing length 4.5–6.5 mm (mean = 5.3;
n = 6), similar to male. Frenulum with 3–4 bristles.
Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 4d) with papillae anales somewhat
trapezoidal with extension on proximal side, with large tubercles on
distal side; apophyses posteriores 0.5× length of sternum VII;
apophyses anteriores approximately 0.67× length of sternum VII;
sterigma broadly U-shaped, with small protrusions just lateral of
ostium bursae; ductus bursae much longer than corpus bursa, tightly
coiled throughout its entire length; proximal sclerite of ductus bursae
present; ductus seminalis near base of ductus bursae; bulla seminalis
large, oval; corpus bursae round; signum absent.
Distribution. This is one of the most widespread
tortricids in the Western Hemisphere. Its range extends
from Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to Costa
Rica. However, because of the difficulty in separating it
from C. penetralis, the range should be considered
tentative at best.
Biology. Clepsis peritana is a generalist known to
feed on both dead and live plant tissue, as well as an
unconfirmed record from fungus (Table 2).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Tim L. McCabe (TM), Richard L. Brown (MEM),
James Hayden (FSCA), and John W. Brown (USNM) for gener-
ously providing study material. John W. Brown assisted in sort-
ing through the MGCL Bahamian Tortricidae material and pro-
viding initial identifications. We thank Mark J. Simon, Gary
Goss, and Rick Rozycki for assistance in the field. Philip S.
Weech, Director, and Stacy Lubin-Gray, of The Bahamas Envi-
ronment, Science and Technology Commission granted permis-
sion to conduct scientific research in The Bahamas, and Mr.
Simeon Pinder, Director of Agriculture, and Luceta Hanna pro-
vided export permits. The 2014 fieldwork was supported in part
by National Geographic Scientific Research Grant #9439-14.
Finally, we thank John Brown and Todd Gilligan for reviewing
the final manuscript and providing helpful comments.
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Submitted for publication 6 September 2018; revised and accepted
1 November 2018.
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