Vegetarian and vegan diet in children–guidelines of the Croatian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition of the Croatian Medical Association

Abstract

The influence of vegetarian and vegan diet on children’s health has been discussed not only by pediatricians but also by other professionals who take care of children. Therefore, the aim of this recommendations, based on presented and summarized scientific evidences on the effect of vegetarian and vegan diet on children’s and adolescents’ health,
was to state the instructions of the Croatian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition of the Croatian Medical Association. Vegetarian, and especially vegan diet, is not only the omission of meat and other food of animal origin, but has to represent balanced nutrition adjusted for children. Such a child requires continuous supervision not only by primary health physician but also by pediatric nutritionist, who both have to be specially educated in the field. As restrictions in diet significantly increase the risk for nutritional deficiencies, parents who decide to follow such a diet, and all professionals who take care of such children, have to be aware of possible nutritional risks that are much bigger than in adulthood.

Full text

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Smjernice
Guidelines https://doi.org/10.26800/LV-140-11-12-37

– smjernice Hrvatskog društva za pedijatrijsku gastroenterologiju,

VEGETARIAN AND VEGAN DIET IN CHILDREN
– guidelines of the Croatian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,
Hepatology and Nutrition of the Croatian Medical Association
IVA HOJSAK1, TENA NISETEO23, RANKA DESPOT4,
OLEG JADREŠIN25, VLATKA KONJIK62,
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



1
2Klinika


3Klinika za pedijatriju, Klinika

4
       
5
   6    
pulmologiju, alergologiju i imunologiju, Klinika za pedijatriju, Me

7 
8Klinika


9Klinika za
      

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  
 
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     
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I. Hojsak i sur. Vegetarijanska i veganska prehrana u dječjoj dobi Liječ Vjesn 2018; godište 140
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    
       



     2,3
       


         
      

 
     
  
      
     

      




        

1

 



       
4
     

     
       
     


      


         
      


1,2,5



      
  
 

 

1–4

     


      



5


     


Energijski unos


  6   
     

    
6–9






 Denicije vegetarijanstva, adaptirano prema ref. 4
 Denitions of vegetarianism, adapted according to ref. 4

 

  
 


  
 


  
 


  

 

  
 

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Liječ Vjesn 2018; godište 140 I. Hojsak i sur. Vegetarijanska i veganska prehrana u dječjoj dobi
 

4
 
       
         
11
Masti i masne kiseline

      

1  
         

11,12 Ve


       
       
       
13
      




        
1,2,4
Bjelančevine i esencijalne aminokiseline
     
 
4      


   
11





14
Vitamin B12 (kobalamin)
       






      
15

 
17

2,4,12,16,17
17

    
        


1
 

      


 Preporuke za prevenciju i ublažavanje najčešćih mogućih prehrambenih nedostataka vegetarijanske i veganske prehrane
 Recommendations for prevention and reduction of most common possible nutrient deciencies of vegetarian and vegan diets

  
       


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
Kalcij
     
        
18,19

    
4,11       




    
4   


4 U

1
Željezo

      
   
          


     

15
         
21

1


Cink
      
        
4

    1 
 
        

     
  
 
6
1
Vitamin D




       
        
      

 
1
Vitamin A
 
      


1
Prehrambena vlakna


    
      
4,18


         
1,4
Veganska i vegetarijanska prehrana

Dojenčad


 
 


        
  


 5  
      
      



1,4
      
      
 

1,4
      
   
   
4

home-
made        




       
4 

2

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Liječ Vjesn 2018; godište 140 I. Hojsak i sur. Vegetarijanska i veganska prehrana u dječjoj dobi
        



1,2,4
Mala djeca, djeca predškolske i školske dobi
      


4

 


   1,4   

 
        
 


4


6–9


Adolescenti
     


 22

      
    
     
  




1

vegetarijanske i veganske prehrane



      

 
 23,24
  








  

Dietary Approaches
to Stop Hypertension
25
    

26


      


       

 
       


27
      

28
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      

       
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       
      
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
         
        
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 

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   
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 
        
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L I T E R A T U R A
  Amit M.

  Craig WJ, Mangels AR; American Dietetic Association.


  Prijatelji životinja.  

 Niseteo T.      



 Fewtrell M, Bronsky J, Campoy C i sur.



 Hebbelinck M, Clarys P, De Malsche A.
       

 Nathan I, Hackett AF, Kirby S.
   
   

 Sabaté J, Lindsted KD, Harris RD, Sanchez A. 


 O’Connell JM, Dibley MJ, Sierra J i sur.

 Van Dusseldorp M, Arts IC, Bergsma JS i sur.


 Messina V, Mangels AR.     

 Mangels AR, Messina V.    

 Rosell MS, Lloyd-Wright Z, Appleby PN i sur.


 Young VR, Pellett PL.

 Kirby M, Danner E.

 Van Winckel M, Vande Velde S, De Bruyne R, Van Biervliet S.
         

 Pawlak R, Lester SE, Babatunde T.  
        

 Sanders TAB, Manning J.  

 Sanders TA.  

 Thane CW, Bates CJ, Prentice A.  
   

 Hunt JR.

 Rosell M, Appleby P, Key T.
     

 Wang F, Zheng J, Yang B i sur.
       

 Kwok CS, Umar S, Myint PK i sur. 


 Nelson ME, Hamm MW, Hu FB i sur.
     

 So F, Dinu M, Pagliai G i sur.
      
        

 Di Genova T, Guyda H.    


 Louwman MW, van Dusseldorp M, van de Vijver FJ i sur.

