Some notes on taxonomy and diversity of Onosma with emphasis on important evidence and complex groups in Flora Iranica

Abstract

Onosma L. as a rich taxa in Boraginaceae including about 150–180 species, centered mainly in Irano-Turanian region. The genus faced with several systematic complexities lead to many identification problems as well as morphological polymorphism. Several authors have used setae characteristics in Onosma as the most important diagnostic evidence in delimitation and classification of species in addition to the natural group. Besides palynological and karyological studies, molecular evidences have also confirmed recent classifications. This genus has been classified as a sister to Maharanga A.DC as a central Asiatic taxon of Boraginaceae. Several ambiguities in identification and differentiation of species created a wide range of complexities among and also between the species. Onosma elwendicum Wettst., O. bulbotricum DC., O. rostellatum Lehm., and O. dichroanthum Boiss. are some examples facing with these problems. Also, Onosma olivieri H. Riedl., and O. lanceolatum Boiss. & Hausskn. as closest taxa in Flora Iranica, eventually are geographical ecotypes and can be synonym taxa. Besides this, some taxa following O. sharifii H. Riedl., O. paboti H. Riedl., and O. caeurelescens Boiss. do not have detectable type specimens with no specimens obtained from type localities. Therefore, every comment on taxonomy as well as systematic study of the genus, need to a perfect assessment of diverse ecotypes and geographical populations together with a detailed field works with emphasis on ecology and phytogeography of their habits.

Full text

Rostaniha 18(1): 50–58 (2017) ﺎﻬﯿﻨﺘﺳر18)1 :(58–50)1396(
ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷهوﺮﮔﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ يﺎﻫرﻮﻠﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ردﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا
ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد:02/02/1396 /شﺮﯾﺬﭘ :23/05/1396
يدﺎﯿﺻ فﺪﺻ :يﻮﺠﺸﻧادﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ،ﺪﺷراﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يروﺎﻨﻓ و مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺖﺴﯾز و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ،،ناﺮﻬﺗناﺮﯾا
نﺎﯿﺑاﺮﺤﻣ ﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺣا :رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳاهوﺮﮔمﻮﻠﻋوﺖﺴﯾزيروﺎﻨﻓ،ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔهﺪﮑﺸﻧادمﻮﻠﻋويروﺎﻨﻓ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾزهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﺪﯿﻬﺷ،ﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑناﺮﻬﺗ ،
ﯽﺘﺴﭘ قوﺪﻨﺻ1983969411 ناﺮﯾا ،)a_mehrabian@sbu.ac.ir(
نﺎﯾﻮﺠﮑﯿﻧ داﻮﺟﺪﻤﺤﻣ :يﻮﺠﺸﻧادﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ،ﺪﺷرا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يروﺎﻨﻓ و مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺖﺴﯾز و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ
ﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ،ﺮﻬﺗ،ناناﺮﯾا
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
Onosma زاﻪﻔﯾﺎﻃLithospermeae Dumort. هﺮﯿﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣﻞﮔنﺎﺑزوﺎﮔ دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ150-180 رد عﻮﻨﺗ ﺖﯾﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯾﺪﻗ يﺎﯿﻧد رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻮﻧاﺮﯾا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
-
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﯽﻧارﻮﺗ .ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾاﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﺑﻧاواﺮﻓﯽ رد
ﯽﻠﮑﺷﺪﻨﭼ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺖﺨﯾر يﺎﻫ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ نآ ردﯽﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻧژﻮﻠﯿﻓ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﯾر تﺎﻔﺻ ،ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻢﻏر
دراد دﻮﺟو ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد . تﺎﻣﺎﻬﺑا ،ﻪﺘﺒﻟاﯽﻧاواﺮﻓﻪﯾارآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ردﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ نورد ﻊﯿﺳو يﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ و ياﯾا رد يا ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦهﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا .ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑيﺎﻫO. elwendicum Wettst., O. bulbotrichum DC., Onosma rostellatum Lehm.وO. dichroanthum Boiss.
ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ و تﺎﻣﺎﻬﺑا ﺎﺑيﺎﻫﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ يﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ .ﻪﯾارآ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ رد ﺰﯿﻧ دﺎﯾز يﺪﻧوﺎﺸﯾﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﻪﯾارآ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻫﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ مﺎﻧ .ﻪﯾارآ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ،هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻫO. sharifii H. Riedl. وO. pabotii H. Riedl.ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ و هدﻮﺑ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ و دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﭗﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﺤﻣ ردهﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻢﻫ ﭗﯿﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﻧا .ﺴﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ هرﺎﺑرد ﺮﻈﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا مﺰﻠﺘﭗﯿﺗﻮﮐا ﻊﻣﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ و يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ يﺎﻫهﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا يﺎﻫنآ يﺎﻫﯽﻣ ﺎﻫﺪﺷﺎﺑ.
هژاويﺪﯿﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ :ﻞﮔ ،ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ،ناﺮﯾا ،ﭗﯿﺗﻮﮐا ،ﻪﯾارآنﺎﺑزوﺎﮔ
Some notes on taxonomy and diversity of Onosma with emphasis on important evidence and
complex groups in Flora Iranica
Received: 22.04.2017 / Accepted: 14.08.2017
Sadaf Sayadi: MSc Student, Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and
Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran
Ahmadreza Mehrabian:Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences
and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran (a_mehrabian@sbu.ac.ir)
Mohammad Javad Nikjoyan: MSc Student, Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences
and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran
Summary
Onosma L. as a rich taxa in Boraginaceae including about 150–180 species, centered mainly in Irano-Turanian
region. The genus faced with several systematic complexities lead to many identification problems as well as
morphological polymorphism. Several authors have used setae characteristics in Onosma as the most important
diagnostic evidence in delimitation and classification of species in addition to the natural group. Besides palynological
and karyological studies, molecular evidences have also confirmed recent classifications. This genus has been classified
as a sister to Maharanga A.DC as a central Asiatic taxon of Boraginaceae. Several ambiguities in identification and
differentiation of species created a wide range of complexities among and also between the species. Onosma
elwendicum Wettst., O. bulbotricum DC., O. rostellatum Lehm., and O. dichroanthum Boiss. are some examples facing
with these problems. Also, Onosma olivieri H. Riedl., and O. lanceolatum Boiss. & Hausskn. as closest taxa in Flora
Iranica, eventually are geographical ecotypes and can be synonym taxa. Besides this, some taxa following O. sharifii
H. Riedl., O. paboti H. Riedl., and O. caeurelescens Boiss. do not have detectable type specimens with no specimens
obtained from type localities. Therefore, every comment on taxonomy as well as systematic study of the genus, need to
a perfect assessment of diverse ecotypes and geographical populations together with a detailed field works with
emphasis on ecology and phytogeography of their habits.
Keywords: Boraginaceae, ecotype, Iran, taxon, taxonomy

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نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﯿﺻ /ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma / ...
ﺘﺳرﻨﺎﻬﯿ
18)1( ،1396
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
Onosma L.ﻪﯾارآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﻪﻔﯾﺎﻃ زا ﯽﻨﻏ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يا
Lithospermeae Dumort. (Boraginaceae) دوﺪﺣ ياراد150
Cecchi & Selvi 2009, Weigend 2009, Kolarcik 2010,)
(Cecchi et al. 2016 زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﺗ180)Cecchi unpub ( رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻢﯾﺪﻗ يﺎﯿﻧدﻮﻧاﺮﯾا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد عﻮﻨﺗ ﺖﯾﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ
-
ﺗ ﯽﻧارﻮ)Cecchi et
al. 2016 (هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ردهﺮﺨﺻ ﺮﯿﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓآ و ﮏﺸﺧ و ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ يا
ﯽﻨﺷ ﺎﺗ)Mengoni et al. 2006, Cecchi et al. 2011 ( ﯽﭙﺘﺳا
)Javorka 1906, Meusel et al. 1978 ( زا ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﻣاد و
ﻦﯿﻣز يﺎﻫﺪﻧزﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ)Mengoni et al. 2006, Cecchi et al.
2011Mehrabian 2015, (ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷرﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ . هﺪﻤﻋ ﻢﺴﯿﻣﺪﻧا ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ
ناﺮﯾا تﻼﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا)ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ( تﻼﻓ و
ﯽﻟﻮﺗﺎﻧآRiedl 1978, Davis 1988, Ridel et al. 2005, Binzet)
& Orcam 2007, Kandemir & Turkmen 2010, Aytac &
Turkmen 2011, Koyuncu et al. 2013, Mehrabian 2015,
Binzet 2016, Cecchi et al. 2016 (ﯽﻣﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢﺴﯿﻣﺪﻧا و عﻮﻨﺗ
ﺶﺨﺑ زا ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا بﺮﻏ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ
هﻮﮐ رد قاﺮﻋ نﺎﺘﺳدﺮﮐ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ سﺮﮔاز يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ)Mehrabian 2015 .( ذﻮﻔﻧ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﻪﻧاﺮﺘﯾﺪﻣ ﻢﯿﻠﻗا يا)Zahran 2010 ( ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ و و ﯽﮑﯿﻓادا
ﻦﯿﻣز ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ سﺮﮔاز رد عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ)Hedge & Wendelbo
1978 ( يدﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ عﻮﻨﺗ زا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا زا ﺲﭘ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ)Riedl 1967 ( رﻮﻠﻓ و
ناﺮﯾا)ﻢﺗﺎﺧ زﺎﺳ1382 (ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا زا يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾا رد)ﻣ نﺎﯿﺑاﺮﺤ1394 .( ﯽﻧﺎﺸﻓادﺮﮔ
تاﺮﺸﺣ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯾا رد)Javorka 1906, Teppner
1966b, Mengoni et al. 2006 (نآ ﻪﻧاد رﺎﺸﺘﻧا و يدراﻮﻣ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ دﺎﺑ)Kolarcik et al. 2010 (ﻪﭼرﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺎﻫ)Johnston
1954 ( شراﺰﮔﺪﺷﺖﺳا ه .ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
اﻮﻣ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺟ)Teppner 1996, Kolarcik
et al. 2010, 2014, Mehrabian 2015, Cecchi et al. 2016( ، و
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺢﺿاوﺎﻧ و ﻒﯿﻌﺿ ﯽﺘﺨﯾر تﺎﻔﺻ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ
هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا)Kolarcik et al. 2010, 2014 ( تﻼﮑﺸﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﮐ
ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رد دﺪﻌﺘﻣ)Ball 1972, Maggi et al. 2008, Akcin &
Binzet 2011, Mehraian 2014, 2015(،ﯽﻠﮑﺷﺪﻨﭼ ﺐﺒﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﯾارآ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻤﯿﻈﻋ عﻮﻨﺗ و دﺪﻌﺘﻣهﺪﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﺳا)Cecchi et al.
2016 .( زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺪﯿﯾﻮﻠﭘ عﻮﻨﺘﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ و نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯾﺮﺒﯿﻫ
گرﺰﺑﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد
)Teppner 1971, 1972, Vouillamoz 2001, Martonfi et al.
2008, Kolarcik et al. 2010 a,b, Kolarcik et al. 2015 .( ﻦﯾا
ﺲﻨﺟ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﺳآ ﺲﻨﺟ يﺮﻫاﻮﺧ ﻪﯾارآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ اﺮﯿﺧاMaharangaA.DC.
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ)Weigend et al. 2013, 2016, Cecchi et al.
2011, Chacón et al. 2016.( لﺪﻧﺎﮐود)de Candole 1886 ( ﻦﯾا
ﺲﻨﺟﺖﺨﯾر سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ارو ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﻪﺳﺎﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺰﯿﻧ
كﺮﮐﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻪﺑ ار نآ نورد يﺎﻫ(Eu) Onosma A.DCو
Aponosma A. DC.ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ . رﻮﺷ)Schur 1866 (
كﺮﮐ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ،كﺮﮐ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد كرﺎﺧ ﺎﯾ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ)sect. Estellatae Schur( ،
ياراد ﺶﺨﺑكﺮﮐكرﺎﺧ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫهرﺎﺘﺳ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ يﺎﻫيا
)sect. asterosetulae Schur (ﺪﺣ عﻮﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﻂﺳاو
)sect. stelligera Schur ( ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد اراﺰﺠﻣﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ . ﻦﯾا
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﯿﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ)Boissier 1879 (مﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
sect. haplotricha Boiss. ،sect. asterotricha Boiss.و
sect. heterotricha Boissﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ . ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا
ﺮﯿﺧا، ﯽﻤﺳرﺮﯿﻏ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ)Peruzzi & Passalacqua
2008 (گرود ﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ)Teppner 1971, 1972,
Vouillamoz et al. 2001, Martonfi et al. 2008 ( ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ
هﺪﺷﺪﻧا . نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﭽﺳ ،ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا)2011Cecchi( و
ﻫﻮﮐ ﻦ)2011Cohen ( ﺶﺨﺑ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻦﯾا ﺰﯿﻧ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺪﺣاو و ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑﯾﺪﻧا . لﺪﯾر)1967Ridel ( رﻮﻠﻓ رد
ﻢﺗﺎﺧ ،ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا زﺎﺳ)1382 (ﺲﯾﻮﯾد و ناﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ رد
)1978Davis (ﺶﺨﺑ ود دﻮﺟو ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﯿﮐﺮﺗ رﻮﻠﻓ رد
sect. haplotricha Boiss. وsect. asterotricha Boiss. ﻦﯾا رد
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﺲﻨﺟﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ . و عﻮﻨﺗ ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺟ نآ زا
ﻢﺴﯿﻣﺪﻧا ﻦﯾا و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﺲﻨﺟ
هوﺮﮔ دﻮﺟو ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑﻪﯾارآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﮐ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ يﺎﻫﺎﻫار
،ﯽﻠﮐ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﮏﯾ ناﺪﻘﻓ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﺗ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزراﻒﯿﺻﻮ ،عﻮﻨﺗ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ و ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺎﺑ تﺎﻔﺻ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ نآ رد ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗﺪﺳر .
،اﺬﻟ رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ يروﺮﻣ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا فاﺪﻫا
،ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،نﺎﻬﺟ و ناﺮﯾا رد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا
ﺶﻟﺎﭼﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ و ﺎﻫ رد شزرا ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣﺪﺷﺎﺑ.
شورﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
هزﺎﺑ رد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﯽﻧﺎﻣز96
-
1386 ،هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑﺖﺴﺨﻧ ،

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نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﯿﺻ /ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma / ...
ﺘﺳرﻨﺎﻬﯿ
18)1( ،1396
ﻪﻟﺎﺳر هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ يﺎﻫمودﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ و
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و ﭗﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺰﯿﻧﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺶﯿﺑ4000 زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫ زا ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا عﻮﻨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫمﻮ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﺧاد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ)HSBU( ، ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣهﺎﯿﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ
)IRAN( ، ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣﻞﮕﻨﺟ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ و ﺎﻫ)TARI (و
مﻮﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫ رﻮﺸﮐ زا جرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ هزﻮﻣ مﻮﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫ
ﻦﯾو)W( ﻦﯾو هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،)WU ( وﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ زا ﭗﯿﺗ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
مﻮﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫﻮﺒﻨﯾدا يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻠﺗﺎﮑﺳا گر)E ( نﺪﻨﻟ ﻮﯿﮐ)K( ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ هزﻮﻣ ،
نﺪﻨﻟ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ)BM( ژوﺮﻧ ﻦﮔﺮﺑ ،)BG( ﻦﭘاژ ﻮﺗﻮﯿﮐ ،)KYO( ،
ﻪﯿﺳور داﺮﮕﻨﯿﻨﻟ)LE( ﺲﯿﯾﻮﺳ ﻮﻧژ ،)G( ﺎﻨﯾ ،)JE ( ﻦﯿﻟﺮﺑ و)B ( رد
كرﺎﻤﻧاد گﺎﻬﻨﭙﮐ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫ و نﺎﻤﻟآ)C (ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ زاﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻞﮔ ﺪﯾﻼﺳا ،هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ تﺎﻔﺻ و هﺪ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺨﯾر ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ)Riedl 1967, Popov
1953, Davis 1978 ( هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ﺰﯿﻧ و
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ لوﻮﺴﻣ.
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ)de Candole 1846, Shur
1866, Borbás 1877, Boissier 1879, Perruzi &
Passalacqua 2008, Teppner 2008, Mehrabian 2014 (
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد كﺮﮐ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﺑهوﺮﮔ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﯿﮐﺎﺗ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗﺪﻧا . لﺪﯾر
)Riedl 1967( ﺲﯾﻮﯾد ،)Davis 1978 (ﻢﺗﺎﺧ و زﺎﺳ)1382 (
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﺘﺳار رد كﺮﮐ عﻮﻧ زا ﺰﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ و يا
ﺶﺨﺑﺮﮐ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ زا ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺎﻫكﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻞﺤﻣ ،ك يﺎﻫ
رد ﻞﮔ يﺎﺠﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ رد كﺮﮐ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﺎﯾ دﻮﺟو و ﯽﮔﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗهدﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫﺪﻧا . ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا
گﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳاﻪﻗﻮﻃ يﺎﻫﻪﻗﺎﺳ و يا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﻋ يﺎﻫ
زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد دوﺪﺤﻣ قاﺮﺘﻓا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ تﺎﻔﺻ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﯽﻣ ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .ﻼﻋ ﻪﺑگﺮﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا و ﻞﮑﺷ ،هو يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳهﺪﻋﺎﻗ و ياﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد ار يدﺎﯾز ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ،يا ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺲﻨﺟدزﺎﺳ .ﯽﻠﻋ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رﺎﻨﮐ رد ،ﻦﯾا ﻢﻏر
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ و هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ردﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . مﺮﻓ
رد ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﯽﺒﺸﺧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑsect. asterotricha Boiss هﺪﯾد
ﯽﻣﻣ دراﻮﻣ رد ﺎﻣا ،دﻮﺷ رد يدوﺪﺤsect. haplotricha Boiss
ﺰﯿﻧهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐﺪﺷﺎﺑ .ﻦﻬﭘﻦﻬﭘ مﺪﻋ ﺎﯾ و ﯽﮔﺪﺷ ﻞﮔ ﻪﺳﺎﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﺷ
هوﺮﮔ ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ رد ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ار يﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هدروآ . ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻞﮕﻣد لﻮﻃ ،ﻪﮔﺮﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا و ﻞﮑﺷ
ا و لﻮﻃ ،ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ ،ﻪﺳﺎﮐ ﯽﮕﺘﻓﺎﮑﺷ زا ﺰﯿﻧ ﻦﯾذآ ﻞﮔ تﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧ
ﺮﯾﺎﺳ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ و ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﻔﺻ
تﺎﻔﺻﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ردﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ . كﺎﺴﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ رﺎﻘﻨﻣ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
)Onosma rostellata Lehm.(، اﺪﺟ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ،ﻞﺼﺘﻣ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ رد
ﺎﯾ و2-3ﺑ ﺎﯾ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ زا كﺎﺴﺑ زا داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺎ
ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد اﺪﺟ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ رد دراﻮﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد هﮋﯾﻮﺑ يا ﯽﻗاﺮﺘﻓا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ . ﻢﭼﺮﭘ ﻪﻠﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ كﺎﺴﺑ لﺎﺼﺗا ﻞﺤﻣ ،هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﯾ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻣ ردهﮋﯾو ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا ﻞﮔ مﺎﺟ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ رد يا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﯾاﺪﺟ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ)ﺑاﺮﺤﻣ نﺎﯿ1390 .( يﻮﺳ زا
ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﻋ رد ﻞﮔ مﺎﺟ لﻮﻃ و ﻞﮑﺷ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ،دﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾاﺪﺟ رد هدﻮﺑ ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا)Riedl 1967, Davis 1978 .(بﻮﻟ ﻞﮔ مﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ
هﺎﺗﻮﮐ و ﺪﻨﮐ كﻮﻧ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
O. platyphyllum H. Riedl.وO. longilobum Bge. ﺎﺑ
بﻮﻟ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﯿﻠﮐ زا ﺰﯿﺗ كﻮﻧ و هﺪﯿﺸﮐ ﻞﮔ مﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ . دﻮﺟو ،رﺬﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ
دﺎﻌﺑا و ﯽﻤﮑﺷ و ﯽﺘﺸﭘ وﺎﻧنآ ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﻔﺻ زا ﺰﯿﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
)Riedl 1967, Davis 1978 .(ﻞﮔ مﺎﺟ تﺎﻨﯿﯾﺰﺗ نﻮﭼ يﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
)Arab Ameri et al. 2014( ﻪﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ تﺎﻨﯿﯾﺰﺗ ،)Akcin
2009, Binzet & Akcin 2009, Arab Ameri et al. 2014( ،
ﻪﻟﻼﮐ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ تﺎﻨﯿﯾﺰﺗ)Arab Ameri et al. 2014( و دﺎﻌﺑا ،
هدﺮﮔ ﻪﻧاد ﻞﮑﺷ)Maggi et al. 2008, Binzet 2011,
Mehrabian et al. 2012( ﯽﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآ ،)Azizian et al. 2000,
09Binzet & Akcin 20( يژﻮﻟﻮﯾرﺎﮐ ،)Teppner 1971,
1972, 1994, 2012, Vouillamoz 2001, Martonfi et al.
2008, Kolarcik et al. 2015 ( ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺗﺎﻔﺻ زا
و ﯽﮑﻤﮐ ،دﺪﻌﺘﻣ دراﻮﻣ رد ﻪﺘﺒﻟا و شزرا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗﻪﯾارآ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐهﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫﺪﻧا.
ﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﯽﻟﻮﮑISSR)Mehrabian et al.
2010, 2012( ،AFLP)Mengoni et al. 2006, Kolarcik
et al. 2010 (ﻊﯿﺳو دﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ دﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﺘﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺮﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺮﺗدوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ و ياITS
)Kolarcik et al. 2010, Cecchi et al. 2011, 2016 (
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ رد و ياﯾﻮﺧ ﻂﺑاور ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد يﺪﻧوﺎﺸ

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نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﯿﺻ /ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma / ...
ﺘﺳرﻨﺎﻬﯿ
18)1( ،1396
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺛﻮﻣﺪﻧا .هوﺮﮔ ،هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ يﺎﻫ
شراﺰﮔ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .Onosma elwendicumوO. bulbotrichum DC.
،كﺮﮐ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ و ﮓﻧر ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ رد ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻪﻄﺳاو ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد ار يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻠﮐ مﺮﻓ و ﯽﮔﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﮐﻪﻧﻮﮔ حﺮﺷ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﻠهدﻮﻤﻧ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺎﻫﺪﻧا.
Onosma rostellatum Lehm. ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ياراد
رد هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧهﺮﺨﺻﻮﻧاﺮﯾا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﮑﻫآ يﺎﻫ
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ﯽﻧارﻮﺗ
هﺎﮕﺸﯾور رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳاﻮﻧاﺮﯾا ﯽﻧﻮﺗﻮﮐا يﺎﻫ
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ارﺎﺤﺻ و ﯽﻧارﻮﺗ
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ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ زا يدﺎﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ يﺪﻨﺳ ،ﯽﮔﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
مﺎﺟ دﺎﻌﺑا و ﮓﻧرﯽﻣ نﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﺸﯾور مﺮﻓ ﯽﺘﺣ و ﻞﮔ ،دزﺎﺳ
و لﺪﯾر ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑگﺎﺘﯾﺮﻓ)Riedl & Freitag 1972 ( ﯽﺧﺮﺑ
عﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﯾا زايﺎﻫ ﻪﯾارآ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار نآ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﭙﯿﺗﻮﮐا
ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑO. itricatum Riedl & Freitag ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ
هدﻮﻤﻧﺪﻧا.O. microcarpum DC. رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ
رد هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ تﺎﻔﺻ رد يدﺎﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﺸﯾاز و ﯽﺸﯾور) ﻞﮑﺷ1( ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ،
زا ﯽﻌﯿﺳو و ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ رد نآ حﺮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺑ رد ار ﯽﺸﯾاز و ﯽﺸﯾور تﺎﻔﺻدﺮﯿﮔ . ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ،ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا
ﻦﯾوﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﭗﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ود ﺎﺑO. spathulatum Wettst.و
O. stapfi Wettst لﺪﻧﺎﮐود ﻂﺳﻮﺗ اﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗﻪﺑ
O. microcarpum DCﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗﺪﻧا .Onosma dichroanthum
Boiss.) ﻞﮑﺷ1 ( زا دﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺰﯿﻧ
ﺶﺨﺑ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ بﺮﻏ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ
نﻮﺗﻮﮐا ﺎﺗ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾﻮﻧاﺮﯾا ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
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ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﮐﺮﯿﻫ و ﯽﻧارﻮﺗ
ﯽﻣ رد ار يدﺎﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﺐﯿﺷ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد و ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ
ﻞﮑﺷﺖﺳا هدروآ ﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﯽﺘﺨﯾر يﺎﻫ .L.Onosma orientale
ﯽﺘﺨﯾر و ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ)Cohen 2011,
Mehrabian et al. 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 ( ﺲﻨﺟ زا
Onosma L.هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ، ﻪﯿﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد
)Boissier 1879 (ﻪﯾارآ ار نآ ﺰﯿﻧﺖﺤﺗ اﺰﺠﻣ ياناﻮﻨﻋ
Podonosma syriacum (Labill) Boiss.ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ و هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﯿﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫدﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﮑﯿﻧاﺮﯾا رﻮﻠﻓ يﺎﻫ
O. lanceolatum Boiss & Hausskn.وO. olivieri H.Riedl.
ﻪﮐﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫهﺪﺷ ياراد ،ﺪﻧا
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ زﺮﻣ. زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ،هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫO. sharifii H. Ridel,
O. caeurelescens Boiss.وO. paboi H. Ridel.) ﻞﮑﺷ2 (
ﭗﯿﺗ يارادﻧدﻮﺑ يدﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﯿﻏ و شوﺪﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻪﮐ ﻞﺤﻣ زا
نآ ﭗﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺖﺳا هﺪﻣﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يدرﻮﮐر ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ.
،ﻪﮐ نآ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
لﺪﻣ و ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا يزﺎﺳ
زرﺎﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﻢﯿﻠﻗا ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،لوا هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ
ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
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يﺎﻫﺪﻧزﺎﺳ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ و كﺎﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ
ﻦﯿﻣزﻨﺷﺗ رد ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣﻮﺋژ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﯽﺳﺎﺤ دوﺪﺣ ﺪﯾﺪ
ﻪﯾارآ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻪﻨﻣاد يﺎﻫزﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺐﯿﺷ ﮏﯾ داﺪﺘﻣا رد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐاﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ،رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا
عﻮﻨﺗيﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﺨﯾرهدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﭙﯿﺗﻮﻨﻓ و هدﻮﻤﻧ دﺎﺠﯾا ار يا
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ
ددﺮﮔ ظﺎﺤﻟ .
ﯽﻠﻋ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ناﺪﻘﻓ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﯾا ﻢﻏر
ﺖﯿﻌﻣﺎﺟ مﺪﻋ و ﯽﭙﯿﺗﻮﻨﻓ عﻮﻨﺗ رد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﯾدﺎﻧ
هداد زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺘﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ
فرﻮﻣﻮﮐاﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﮐ نآ لﺎﺣ ،ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ و ﯽﺘﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻖﯿﻗد يﺎﻫ
ﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ رد يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ زا ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ تاﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﮕ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ تﺎﻔﺻ رد ﻪﻧ و ﯽﻤﮐ تﺎﻔﺻ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﻖﺛﻮﻣ ،ﻞﯿﻟد رد هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا
ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘﺖﺳا هدوﺰﻓا ﺲﻨﺟ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ.ﺖﺳا ﯽﻨﺘﻔﮔ ،
ﻮﻨﺗ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﯽﮔرﺰﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑعﺎﻫﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ و يﺎﻫ
نآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،دﺎﯾز ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺴﯿﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد رد ﺎﻫ
تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد و هدﻮﺒﻧ) رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺖﺳد رد ﺎﯾ هﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ
هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧمود (ﯽﻣ ﻪﯾارا ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رﺎﻬﻇا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
،ﺚﺤﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺲﻨﺟ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ هرﺎﺑرد ﺮﻈﻧ
ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ ﮏﯾ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ شزرا ﺎﺑ و عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺮﺑ
ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺰﯿﻧ و ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا عﻮﻨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نآ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﻨﻣاد ردﺪﺷﺎﺑ.

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نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﯿﺻ /ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma / ...
ﺘﺳرﻨﺎﻬﯿ
18)1( ،1396
ﻞﮑﺷ1
-
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺧﺮﺑﺲﻨﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫOnosmaناﺮﯾا رد :a .O. dichroanthum ،b .O. microcarpum ،c .O. pachypodum،
d .O. bodeanum
.
Fig.1. Some common species of Onosma in Iran: a. O. dichroanthum, b. O. microcarpum, c. O. pachypodum,
d. O. bodeanum.
ﻞﮑﺷ2
-
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﭗﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫa .O. sharifii Riedl. وb .O. pabotii Riedl..
Fig.2. Type specimens of a. O. sharifiii Riedl., b. O. pabotii Riedl.
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b

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نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﯿﺻ /ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻣﻮﻧﻮﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫOnosma / ...
ﺘﺳرﻨﺎﻬﯿ
18)1( ،1396
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
مﻮﯾرﺎﺑﺮﻫ نﻻوﻮﺴﻣ زا ،ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﻞﺧاد يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﮐ رﻮﺸﮐ زا جرﺎﺧ و ار ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ . ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا
ﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﻨﯿﺑزﺎﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و ﯽﮑﯿﺗ
ﻪﻟﻮﮕﻧز ﻞﮔ ﺲﻨﺟ ﯽﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ و يا)Onosma (بﻮﻨﺟ ردبﺮﻏ ﺎﯿﺳآ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ.
References
Akçin, Ö.E. 2009. Micromorphological and taxonomical
studies on petals of 11 Turkish Onosma
(Boraginaceae) taxa. Bangladesh Journal of Plant
Taxonomy 16(2): 157–164.
Akçin, O.E. & Binzet, R. 2011. micromorphological
studies on nutlets of some Onosma L.
(Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Pakistan
Journal of Botany 43(2): 743–752.
Arabameri, M., Mehrabian, A.R. & Sheidai, M. 2014.
Nutlet and flower morphological and
micromorphological studies on Onosma L.
(Boraginaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany
20: 211–227.
Aytaç & Türkmen, Z. 2011. A new Onosma L.
(Boraginaceae) species from southern Anatolia,
Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 35: 269–274.
Azizian, D., Khatamsaz, M. & Kasaian, J. 2000. The
taxonomic significance of leaf anatomy in the
genus Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) in Iran. Iranian
Journal of Botany 8: 167–180.
Ball, P.W. 1972. Onosma (Boraginaceae). In: Tutin,
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