Sites of rare form of auricula (Primula auricula var. tolminensis nom. prov.) in the southern Julian Alps / Rastišča redke oblike lepega jegliča (Primula auricula var. tolminensis nom. prov.) v južnih Julijskih Alpah

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FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 59/2, 75–91, LJUBLJANA 2018
SITES OF RARE FORM OF AURICULA PRIMULA AURICULA
VA R . TOLMINENSIS NOM. PROV. IN THE SOUTHERN JULIAN
ALPS
RASTIŠČA REDKE OBLIKE LEPEGA JEGLIČA PRIMULA
AURICULA VA R . TOLMINENSIS NOM. PROV. V JUŽNIH
JULIJSKIH ALPAH
Anka RUDOLF1, Branko VREŠ2, & Igor DAKSKOBLER3*
http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0045
ABSTRACT
Sites of rare form of auricula (Primula auricula var. tolmi-
nensis nom. prov.) in the southern Julian Alps
In the southern Julian Alps under the northwestern
ridge of Kobilja Glava above the pasture of Lom and on the
slopes of Krikov Vrh between pastures of Lom and Kuk
(Podkuk), on stony shady pasturelands and in limestone and
dolomite rocks at elevations ranging between 1,100 and
1,200 m, two forms of auricula (Primula auricula) occur side
by side. The more common specimens with bright (deep)
yellow flowers are accompanied and outnumbered by plants
with slightly smaller stems and distinctly pale, lemon-co-
loured flowers. Although Primula auricula as a species
boasts impressive variability in the size and shape of leaves
and their meal covering, as well as in the size and colour of
flowers, we have not observed populations with such dis-
tinctly pale yellow flowers anywhere else in Slovenia. The
taxa described elsewhere in the distribution area of Primula
auricula s. lat. (including those that supposedly belong to
Primula lutea) are distinctly different from the studied au-
riculas, at least in terms of flower colour. We infer that they
are a new variety, Primula auricula var. tolminensis (the Tol-
min auricula), but will have to conduct further research to
corroborate this conclusion. In this paper we describe its
sites and current distribution.
Key words: flora, taxonomy, infraspecies variability,
phytosociology, Primula auricula, Kobilja Glava, Julian
Alps, Slovenia
IZVLEČEK
Rastišča redke oblike lepega jegliča (Primula auricula
var. tolminensis nom. prov.) v južnih Julijskih Alpah
V južnih Julijskih Alpah, pod severozahodnim gre-
benom Kobilje glave nad planino Lom in na pobočjih Kriko-
vega vrha med to planino in planino Kuk (Podkuk) na kam-
nitih osojnih pašnikih in v apnenčastem in dolomitnem
skalovju na nadmorski višini med 1100 m in 1200 m skupaj
rasteta dve obliki lepega jegliča (Primula auricula). Poleg
običajno živo (temno) rumeno cvetočih primerkov, ki so v
manjšini, prevladujejo rastline z nekoliko manjšimi stebli in
cvetovi, ki imajo izrazito svetlorumeno, limonasto barvo.
Čeprav je za vrsto Primula auricula značilna velika variabil-
nost glede velikosti in oblike listov in njihovega poprha, kot
tudi glede velikosti in barve cvetov, takih izrazito svetloru-
meno cvetočih populacij drugje v Sloveniji do zdaj nismo
opazili. Tudi taksoni, ki so opisani drugod v območju areala
vrste Primula auricula s. lat. (tudi tisti, ki naj bi pripadali
vrsti Primula lutea) se vsaj v barvnem odtenku cvetov od
preučenih avrikljev očitno razlikujejo. Sklepamo, da gre za
novo varieteto Primula auricula var. tolminensis, slovensko
jo imenujemo tolminski jeglič, kar pa bomo morali v na-
daljnjih raziskavah še potrditi. V prispevku opisujemo njena
rastišča in do zdaj znano razširjenost.
Ključne besede: flora, taksonomija, znotrajvrstna varia-
bilnost, fiteconeologija, Primula auricula, Kobilja glava, Juli-
jske Alpe, Slovenija
1 Beblerjeva 10, 5280 Idrija, ankavon1@gmail.com
2 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Station Ig, Zagorica
20, SI-1292 Ig, BraneVr@zrc-sazu.si
3 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional Unit Tolmin, Brunov
drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, igor.dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si
* Corresponding author
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1 INTRODUCTION
Primula auricula L. is a south-European montane spe-
cies, a character species of rock crevices occurring
from the colline to the alpine belt in most regions of
the Alps, the Jura Mountains, the Black Forest (Schwar-
zwald), the Apennines, the northern part of the Di-
naric Alps, the Tatra Mountains and the Carpathians.
It is a very diverse species and several of its subspecies,
e.g. subsp. bauhini, subsp. balbisii (syn. subsp. ciliata),
subsp. hungarica, subsp. serratifolia (M 2 011),
as well as several lower syntaxonomic units, varieties
and forms have already been described. They differ
mainly in the shape of basal leaves and in how serrated
and glandular they are, partly also in the size and col-
our of flowers. Populations of bright (deep) yellow au-
riculas growing in Slovenia supposedly belong to the
subspecies P. auricula subsp. balbisii (Z  K-
 2004), but more recently Z  K
(2005) all above mentioned subspecies subordinated to
the taxon P. auricula as a typical form, and a separate
species was rediscovered, namely P. lutea Vill., which
comprises auricula populations from the northern
Alps, the Tatra Moutains, western Austria, France,
Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. Three
subspecies have been described within this species,
subsp. lutea, widmerae and tatriaca (Z  K-
 2005).
On 17 May 2009 the first author of this paper
(Anka Rudolf) came across a non-typical form of
Primula auricula on the pasturelands of the mountain
pasture Lom under the summit of Vrh Klonic (a peak
in the northwestern ridge of Mt. Kobilja Glava) in the
Tolmin part of the foothills of the Julian Alps. She
identified it by very pale flowers that are rather small
and not fully opened. It is abundant in the pasture and
only 10% of the plants have the characteristic, bright
yellow flowers. After having examined her locality we
were able to corroborate her findings. The colour of
the flowers is distinctly pale, lemon-coloured and the
flowers usually smaller. The more common, bright
(deep) yellow flowers are rare in this population. Even
though other auriculas occur individually in the wider
vicinity (Primula vulgaris, P. veris subsp. columnae, P.
elatior), there is little likelihood that the pale colour is
a result of cross-pollination. With photographs, flower
and leaf measurements and an inventory of sites we
wanted to taxonomically evaluate this unusual auricu-
la population. We therefore conducted comparative
measurements also on other localities, including Mt.
Porezen, on the southern margin of the Trnovo Forest
Plateau, in the valley of the Reka River at the Škocjan
Caves, on Donačka Gora and other. Data processing
and comparisons with other known forms or varieties
of Primula auricula s. lat. are ongoing (V et al.
2018). This article offers the first findings, and above
all the characteristics of sites in which this unusual
form of auricula occurs. For the time being, we have
assigned it a provisional name P. auricula var. tolmin-
ensis (the Tolmin auricula).
2 METHODS
On the localities of the Tolmin auricula we made phy-
tosociological relevés applying the Central-European
method (B-B 1964) and entered them
into the FloVegSi database (T. S, V, A.
S 2003). The relevés were arranged into a table
based on hierarchical classification. We used the
“(Unweighted) average linkage” – UPGMA method
based on Wishart’s similarity ratio. Combined cover-
abundance values were transformed into numerical
values 1– 9 (van der M 1979). The numerical
analysis of relevés was performed using the program
package SYN-TAX (P 2001). Plants were as-
signed to groups of diagnostic species based on the
Flora alpina (A et al. 2004), which also
served as the source for the chorological characterisa-
tion of Primula auricula s. lat. The nomenclatural
source for the names of vascular plants is the Mala
flora Slovenije (M et al. 2007), but the name
Sesleria caerulea (L.) Ard. is used for the taxon Sesle-
ria caerulea subsp. calcaria. M (2003, 2011)
is the nomenclatural source for the names of mosses
and S et al. (2000) for the names of lichens. The
nomenclatural sources for the names of syntaxa are
T (2004) and Š  Č (2012). Geo-
graphic coordinates of relevés are determined accord-
ing to the Slovenian geographic coordinate system D
48 (zone 5) on the Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-
Krüger projection.
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3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Primula auricula var. tolminensis‒descrip-
tion
Primula auricula var. tolminensis is distinguished from
the more common populations of the taxon Primula
auricula s. lat. in that it is smaller in size, has shorter
and narrower flowers and, most distinctly, by its pale,
lemon-coloured corolla. In our previous research into
auricula populations on other localities in Slovenia we
observed other specimens with low habit and flowers
that were shorter and narrower from the usual, but no-
where have we seen specimens with a distinctly pale,
lemon-coloured corolla. The colour is therefore the
morphological trait that allows us to provisionally
treat the plants from the northwestern slopes of Kob-
ilja Glava and the vicinity of mountain pasture Lom in
the southern foothills of the Julian Alps as a special
variety. However, given the considerable infraspecies
variability of the taxon Primula auricula s. lat. and the
complexity of its evaluation, it is impossible to provide
a valid description of the new variety based on our
current knowledge of populations in Slovenia and
other Alpine regions before we have conducted and
completed all measurements and other analyses. The
new variety is therefore presented only with selected
photographs and site descriptions.
Figure 1: Primula auricula var. tolminensis. Author of all photos: I. Daksksobler
Slika 1: Tolminski jeglič (Primula auricula var. tolminensis). Avtor vseh fotografij: I. Dakskobler
3.2 Ecological and phytosociological characte-
ristics of sites with taxon Primula auricula var.
tolminensis
The populations of Primula auricula with pale yellow
(lemon-coloured) flowers have so far been found only
on the northwestern slopes of Kobilja Glava or its pre-
ceding summit of Vrh Klonic above the mountain pas-
ture Lom and above the road leading from Lom to the
mountain pasture Podkuk below the summit of Krik-
ov Vrh, in two quadrants of the Central-European
flora mapping (Figures 5 and 6).
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Figure 2: A group of Primula auricula var. tolminensis
Slika 2: Tolminski jeglič (Primula auricula var. tolminensis), skupina
Figure 3: Primula auricula s. str. and its variety with lemon-coloured flowers (P. auricula var. tolminensis) growing together
above the mountain pasture Lom
Slika 3: Skupno uspevanje tolminskega jegliča (Primula auricula var. tolminensis) in lepega jegliča (Primula auricula s. str.)
nad pl. Lom
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Figure 4: Primula auricula s. str. on Kobilja Glava
Slika 4: Lepi jeglič (Primula auricula s. str.) na Kobilji glavi
Figure 5: Localities of Primula
auricula var. tolminensis
Slika 5: Nahajališča taksona P.
auricula var. tolminensis
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Figure 6: Distribution of Primula auricula var. tolminensis in Slovenia
Slika 6: Razširjenost tolminskega jegliča v Sloveniji
Figure 7: Dendrogram of stands with Primula auricula var. tolminensis, UPGMA, 1– similarity ratio
Slika 7: Dendrogram popisov sestojev s taksonom Primula auricula var. tolminensis UPGMA, 1– similarity ratio
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The localities are situated between 1,130 and 1,200
m a.s.l., on distinctly shady, predominantly northern
aspects. The parent material is Cretaceous Volče lime-
stone with cherts, in places intercalated with marl-
stone, and partly limestone breccia; below Krikov Vrh
also Triassic Bača dolomite (B 1986, 1987). The
climate is humid, montane, with the average annual
precipitation between 2,000 and 2,500 mm (B.
Z 1998) and mean annual temperature of  –
°C (C 1998). Primula auricula var. tolminensis
localities have a local climate that is colder from the
regional average for this altitude, which means that
snow here persists for longer periods than on the sunny
slopes of Kobilja Glava and that the phenological stag-
es (beginning of flowering) are slightly delayed. Land
has been cleared for pastures in the belt of altimontane
beech forests (Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum); the
rocky sites under Krikov Vrh are in the area of azonal
beech community classified into the subassociation
Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum aruncetosum (D-
 2015). The pastures are extensively managed, with
cattle occasionally grazing there in the summer.
Primula auricula var. tolminensis occurs within
two vegetation types (Figure 7, Table 1). The first four
relevés (relevés 1 to 4 in Table 1), i.e. the group of four
relevés in the left part of the dendrogram in Figure 7,
represent montane grasslands used as pastures. Usu-
ally, but not always, they are dominated by Sesleria
caerulea. As a result of grazing these pastures com-
prise many species of managed meadows from the
class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, whereas intercalations
of chert and marlstone enabled the establishment of
acidophilous species (such as Antennaria dioica, Saxi-
fraga cuneifolia, Luzula luzuloides). Due to the dis-
tinctly shady aspect and relatively fresh soils there are
also species of tall herbs (e.g. Hypericum maculatum,
Veratrum album, Aconitum angustifolium, saplings of
Alnus viridis and Salix appendiculata). Groups of diag-
nostic species comprise equal proportions of diag-
nostic species of classes or orders Elyno-Seslerietea
Figure 8: Dendrogram of chasmophytic communities with dominant Primula auricula from various regions of Slovenia. Stands
with P. auricula var. tolminensis group separately (relevés 2, 4, 5, 15, 16, 3) on the right side of the dendrogram, UPGMA, 1–
similarity ratio
Slika 8: Dendogram združb skalnih razpok s prevladujočo vrsto Primula auricula iz različnih delov Slovenije. Sestoji s tak-
sonom P. auricula var. tolminensis so v ločeni skupini (popisi 2, 4, 5, 15, 16, 3) v desnem delu dendrograma, UPGMA, 1– simi-
larity ratio
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Figure 9: Stony altimontane grassland used as a pasture, with Primula auricula var. tolminensis
Slika 9: Kamnito altimontansko travišče, v rabi kot pašnik s tolminskim jegličem (Primula auricula var. tolminensis)
Figure 10: Rocky sites of Primula auricula var. tolminensis
Slika 10: Skalovje, rastišče tolminskega jegliča (Primula auricula var. tolminensis)
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(the most common among them are Sesleria caerulea
as well as Gentiana verna, Phyteuma orbiculare,
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus, on two relevés
even a species of stony alpine grasslands Carex orni-
thopodoides), Festuco-Brometea (Plantago media,
Carex caryophyllea, Carlina acaulis, Euphorbia cypa-
rissias), Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia (Crocus albiflorus,
Trollius europaeus) and Calluno-Ulicetea (Alchemilla
flabellata, Antennaria dioica, Selaginella helvetica).
As the slopes are very stony, Primula auricula var. tol-
minensis is common on these pastures; the specimens
of the typical form occur individually, similarly to
another character chasmophytic species, Saxifraga
crustata.
The second group of relevés (relevés 5 to 10 in
Table 1, i.e. the large group of relevés on the right side
of the dendrogram in Figure 7) represents chasmo-
phytic communities on limestone breccia and lime-
stone, two relevés under Krikov Vrh also on dolomite.
These relevés comprise substantially fewer species,
with the most common (other than the Tolmin auricu-
la) being Sesleria caerulea, Cystopteris fragilis, Kernera
saxatilis, Saxifraga crustata and Campanula carnica.
These six relevés were compared with 34 relevés of
chasmophytic communities in which one of the domi-
nating species is Primula auricula (from different parts
of Slovenia: Mrzli Vrh above Tolmin, Hoč at Mt.
Porezen, the upper Bača Valley: Kacenpoh, Driselpoh,
Zakojška Grapa gorge), the Breginjski Kot (the foot-
hills of Mt. Mija at Robič), the Idrija Valley (Golo
Brdo), Banjšice (Gomila at the hamlet of Madoni,
Avšček), the Reka valley before the Škocjan Caves, Sv.
Križ above Bele Vode and Donačka Gora. The result
was the dendrogram in Figure 8, where the relevés
with Primula auricula var. tolminensis grouped sepa-
rately (the group of six relevés – 2, 4, 5, 15, 16 and 3) on
the right side of the dendrogram. These stands are
therefore provisionally classified into the new associa-
tion Campanulo carnicae-Primuletum tolminensis
nom. prov., but additional research is required before
we can provide a valid description. Whereas the typi-
cal form P. auricula occurred alongside Primula au-
ricula var. tolminensis on all relevés of the first site
type (a stony pasture or montane grassland), the sec-
ond type (chasmophytic community) comprised the
typical form on only one of six relevés.
Figure 11: Stand of the association Campanulo carnicae-
Primuletum tolminensis
Slika 11: Sestoj asociacije Campanulo carnicae-Primu-
letum tolminensis
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Populations of Primula auricula differ considerably
across the distribution area and the taxon can therefore
be subdivided into several subspecies, varieties and
forms, according to some authors even several species.
Due to the complexity involved in a mutual compari-
son of all these different varieties we were forced to
conduct our research without comparing them. In this
article we would primarily like to draw attention to the
population of distinctly pale (lemon-coloured) flower-
ing auriculas with relatively small flowers that Anka
Rudolf found below Kobilja Glava in the Tolmin region
(at the foothills of the southern Julian Alps). They occur
together with the specimens that have the more com-
mon, deep (bright) yellow flowers and are outnum-
bered here by the pale flowering auriculas. Although
there are other species of auriculas occurring in the
vicinity there is little likelihood that the pale colour is
the result of cross-pollination. The sites, stony moun-
tain pastures, limestone and dolomite rocks, are dis-
tinctly shady, with a cold local climate and a snow cover
that lasts long into the spring. According to our knowl-
edge and experience, this auricula does not occur else-
where in Slovenia, although we came across specimens
with paler and smaller flowers in several other spots as
well. Those specimens, however, do not stand out from
other specimens of the typical form in their surround-
ings as distinctly and in such a contiguous population
4 CONCLUSIONS
as below Kobilja Glava. We are conducting other inves-
tigations that might explain the reasons for the distinc-
tiveness of the auricula from the mountain pasture
Lom and allow us to validly describe the new taxon.
The observations and measurements conducted so far
allow us to provisionally describe the new variety Pri-
mula auricula var. tolminensis (the Tolmin auricula),
which is at present treated as strictly endemic and
therefore deserves our attention also in view of its pro-
tection. Although Primula auricula is already protected
in Slovenia (A. 2004), its rare variety from the Tol-
min mountains with its unusual colour might attract
more attention in certain (especially gardening) circles.
At the moment, the land management practice in the
area of its occurrence does not pose a threat to this au-
ricula, but this might change if people started to pick
these flowers in order to grow them at home. Its locali-
ties are on the margins of the Triglav National Park,
some of them, below Krikov Vrh, also on its territory.
Although the population above the mountain pasture
of Lom boasts more than 500 specimens it might still be
necessary to put up information boards in the future to
explain to the visitors the uniqueness of the Lom in Ko-
bilja Glava population, instructing them not to pick or
dig up the Tolmin auricula without prior permission of
the relevant authorities. Any such unauthorised pick-
ing or poaching should be prohibited and punishable.
5 POVZETEK
5.1 Uvod
Primula auricula je južnoevropska montanska vrsta,
značilnica združb skalnih razpok, ki raste od kolinske-
ga do alpinskega pasu v večini pokrajin v Alpah, v Juri,
Schwarzwaldu, Apeninih, severnem delu Dinarskega
gorstva, v Tatrah in v Karpatih. Vrsta je zelo raznolika
in v preteklosti je bilo opisano več podvrst, npr. subsp.
bauhini, subsp. balbisii (sin. subsp. ciliata), subsp. hun-
garica, subsp. serratifolia (M 2011), in več niž-
jih taksonomskih oblik, varietet in form. Razlike med
navedenimi taksoni so predvsem v obliki pritličnih li-
stov, njihovi nazobčanosti in žlezavosti, deloma tudi v
velikosti in barvi cvetov. Živo (temno) rumene popula-
cije avriklja, ki uspevajo v Sloveniji, naj bi pripadale
podvrsti P. auricula subsp. balbisii (Z  K-
 2004), a sta kasneje Z in K (2005) v
takson P. auricula kot tipsko obliko podredila vse zgo-
raj navedene podvrste, pač pa ponovno opredelila že
opisano vrsto P. lutea Vill., kamor uvrščata populacije
lepega jegliča iz severnih Alp, Tater, zahodne Avstrije,
Francije, Nemčije, Poljske, Slovaške in Švice. Znotraj te
vrste so opisane tri podvrste: subsp. lutea, widmerae in
tatriaca (Z & K 2005).
17. 5. 2009 je prva avtorica tega članka (Anka Ru-
dolf) na pašnikih planine Lom pod Vrhom Klonic (ki
je vzpetina v severozahodnem grebenu Kobilje glave) v
tolminskem prigorju južnih Julijskih Alp opazila neti-
pično obliko lepega jegliča (Primula auricula). Prepo-
znala jo je po zelo svetlih cvetovih, ki so manjši in ne
popolnoma razprti. Na pašniku ga je veliko in le okoli
10 % rastlin ima normalne bolj živo rumene cvetove.
Ko smo si njeno nahajališče ogledali, smo njena opaža-
nja lahko potrdili. Barva cvetov je očitno svetlejša, li-
monasta, cvetovi so navadno manjši. Običajne, živo
(temno) rumeno cvetoče rastline so v tej populaciji
redke. Kljub temu, da v širši okolici posamično rastejo
tudi druge vrste jegličov (Primula vulgaris, P. veris
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subsp. columnae, P. elatior), je možnost, da bi bila sve-
tla barva posledica križanja, zelo majhna. S fotografi-
ranjem, meritvami cvetov in listov in s popisom rastišč
smo želeli taksonomsko ovrednotiti to nenavadno po-
pulacijo lepega jegliča, pri čemer smo primerjalne me-
ritve opravili tudi na drugih nahajališčih, na Poreznu,
na južnem robu Trnovskega gozda, v dolini Reke pri
Škocjanskih jamah, na Donački gori in še drugod. Ob-
delava podatkov in predvsem primerjava z drugimi do
zdaj znanimi oblikami oz. različki vrste Primula auri-
cula s. lat. je v teku (V et al. 2018). V tem članku
podajamo prva spoznanja in predvsem značilnosti ra-
stišč, v katerih se nenavadna oblika lepega jegliča poja-
vlja. Za zdaj ga imenujemo P. auricula var. tolminensis
(tolminski jeglič).
5.2 Metode
Na nahajališčih tolminskega jegliča smo naredili fito-
cenološke popise po standardni srednjeevropski meto-
di (B-B 1964) in jih vnesli v podatkovno
bazo FloVegSI (T. S, V, A. S 2003).
Popise smo v preglednico uredili s hierarhično klasifi-
kacijo. Izbrali smo metodo kopičenja na podlagi pove-
zovanja (netehtanih) srednjih razdalj – “(Unweighted)
average linkage” – UPGMA, ob uporabi Wishartovega
koeficienta podobnosti (1–similarity ratio). Pri tem smo
kombinirane ocene zastiranja in pogostnosti pretvorili
v števila (1–9) – van der M (1979). Numerično
primerjavo popisov smo izdelali s programskim pake-
tom SYN-TAX (P 2001). Rastline smo v skupine
diagnostičnih vrst uvrstili na podlagi dela Flora alpina
(A et al. 2004). To delo nam je tudi vir za
horološko oznako vrste Primula auricula s. lat. Nomen-
klaturni vir za imena praprotnic in semenk je Mala
flora Slovenije (M et al. 2007), pri čemer za
pisano vilovino uporabljamo ime Sesleria caerulea (L .)
Ard. M (2003, 2011) je nomenklaturni vir za
imena mahov, S  al. (2000) pa za imena lišajev.
Nomenklaturna vira za imena sintaksonov sta T-
 (2004) in Š  Č (2012). Geografske ko-
ordinate popisov so določene po slovenskem geograf-
skem koordinatnem sitemu D 48 (5-ta cona) po Besse-
lovem elipsoidu in z Gauss-Krügerjevo projekcijo.
5.3 Rezultati in razprava
5.3.1 Opis tolminskega jegliča
Tolminski jeglič (Primula auricula var. tolminensis) se
od v Sloveniji običajno rastočih populacij taksona Pri-
mula auricula s. lat. razlikuje po nižji rasti, krajših in
ožjih cvetovih in najbolj očitno po izrazito svetli, limo-
nasto rumeni barvi cvetnege venca. Pri dosedanjih
raziskavah populacij avriklja na drugih nahajališčih v
Sloveniji smo opazili tudi primerke z nižjo rastjo in
krajšimi in ožjimi cvetovi od običajnih, nikjer pa pri-
merkov z izrazito svetlo, limonasto barvo cvetnega
venca. Prav ta barva je torej tisti morfološki znak, ki
dopušča, da rastline s severozahodnih pobočij Kobilje
glave in okolice planine Lom v južnem prigorju Julij-
skih Alp za zdaj obravnavamo kot posebno varieteto.
Ker pa je znotrajvrstna variabilnost taksona Primula
auricula s. lat. velika in njeno vrednotenje zapleteno,
veljaven opis nove varietete na podlagi našega dozdaj-
šnjega poznavanja populacij iz Slovenije in drugih ob-
močij Alp pred dokončno obdelavo vseh meritev in
drugih analiz še ni mogoč. Novo varieteto zato pred-
stavljamo le z izbranimi fotografijami in opisom nje-
nih rastišč.
5.3.2 Ekološke in fitocenološke značilnosti rastišč, na
katerih raste novi takson
Svetlo rumeno (limonasto rumeno) cvetoče populacije
lepega jegliča smo doslej našli le na severozahodnih
pobočjih Kobilje glave oz. njenega predvrha Vrha Klo-
nic nad planino Lom in nad cesto pl. Lom–pl. Podkuk,
pod Krikovim vrhom, v dveh kvadrantih srednjee-
vropskega kartiranja flore (sliki 5 in 6). Nadmorska
višina nahajališč je od 1130 m do 1200 m, lega je izra-
zito osojna, v glavnem severna. Geološka podlaga je
kredni volčanski apnenec z roženci, ponekod tudi s
primesjo laporovca in deloma apnenčeva breča, pod
Krikovim vrhom tudi triasni baški dolomit (B
1986, 1987). Podnebje je humidno, gorsko, s povprečno
letno višino padavin od 2000 mm do 2500 mm (B. Z-
 1998) in s povprečno z letno temperaturo 4–6
ºC (C 1998). Na nahajališčih tolminskega jegliča
je hladnejše krajevno podnebje od regionalnega pov-
prečja za to nadmorsko višino, kar pomeni, da se na
teh pobočjih sneg zadržuje dalj časa kot na prisojnih
pobočjih Kobilje glave in tudi fenološke faze (začetek
cvetenja) nekoliko kasnijo. Pašniki so izkrčeni v pasu
altimontanskega bukovega gozda (Ranunculo platani-
folii-Fagetum), skalovje pod Krikovim vrhom je v ob-
močju aconalnega bukovja s klinolistnim kamnokre-
čem in kresničjem (Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum arun-
cetosum) – D (2015). Pašniki so v ekstenziv-
ni rabi, na njih se govedo občasno pase v poletnem
času.
Tolminski jeglič raste v dveh tipih vegetacije (slika
7, preglednica 1). Prvi štirje popisi (popisi 1 do 4 v pre-
glednici 1), oziroma skupina štirih popisov v levem
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delu dendrograma na sliki 7, predstavlja gorska travi-
šča, ki so v rabi kot pašniki. Navadno, ne pa vedno, na
njih prevladuje vrsta Sesleria caerulea. Zaradi vplivov
paše je v njih precej vrst gojenih travnikov iz razreda
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, zaradi primesi roženca in la-
porovca so prisotne tudi kisloljubne vrste (na primer
Antennaria dioica, Saxifraga cuneifolia, Luzula luzuloi-
des), zaradi izrazito osojne lege in razmeroma svežih tal
tudi vrste visokih steblik (na primer Hypericum macu-
latum, Veratrum album, Aconitum angustifolium, mla-
dice zelene jelše, Alnus viridis, in velikolistne vrbe,
Salix appendiculata). Med skupinami diagnostičnih
vrst imajo precej enakovredne deleže diagnostične
vrste razredov oz. redov Elyno-Seslerietea (med njimi
so poleg pisane vilovine najbolj pogoste Gentiana
verna, Phyteuma orbiculare, Thymus praecox subsp.
polytrichus, na dveh popisih celo vrsta kamnitih alpin-
skih trat Carex ornithopodoides), Festuco-Brometea
(Plantago media, Carex caryophyllea, Carlina acaulis,
Euphorbia cyparissias), Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia (Crocus
albiflorus, Trollius europaeus) in Calluno-Ulicetea (Al-
chemilla flabellata, Antennaria dioica, Selaginella helve-
tica). Ker so pobočja precej kamnita, je tolminski jeglič
na teh pašnikih pogost, primerki tipske oblike so priso-
tni posamično, podobno kot še ena značilna vrsta skal-
nih razpok skorjasti kamnokreč (Saxifraga crustata).
Druga skupina popisov (popisi 5 do 10 v tabeli 1 oz.
večja skupina popisov na desni strani dendrograma na
sliki 7) predstavlja združbe skalnih razpok na apnenča-
sti breči, apnencu in dva popisa pod Krikovim vrhom
tudi na dolomitu. Na teh popisih je vrst bistveno manj,
najbolj pogoste poleg tolminskega jegliča pa so Sesleria
caerulea, Cystopteris fragilis, Kernera saxatilis, Saxifra-
ga crustata in Campanula carnica. Teh šest popisov
smo primerjali skupaj s 34 popisi združb skalnih raz-
pok, kjer je ena od prevladujočih vrst Primula auricula
(iz različnih delov Slovenije: Mrzli vrh nad Tolminom,
Hoč pri Poreznu, zgornja Baška dolina: Kacenpoh, Dri-
selpoh, Zakojška grapa), Breginjski kot (vznožje Mije
pri Robiču), dolina Idrije (Golo Brdo), Banjšice (Gomila
pri zaselku Madoni, Avšček), dolina Reke pred Ško-
cjanskimi jamami, Sv. Križ nad Belimi Vodami in Do-
načka gora in dobili dendrogram (slika 8), kjer so se
popisi s tolminskim jegličom združevali posebej (sku-
pina šestih popisov 2, 4, 5, 15, 16 in 3) v desnem delu
dendrograma. Zato te sestoje začasno uvrščamo v novo
asociacijo Campanulo carnicae-Primuletum tolminen-
sis nom. prov., ki pa za veljaven opis potrebuje dodatne
raziskave. Medtem ko je na prvem tipu rastišč, kamni-
tem pašniku oz. gorskem travišču, na vseh popisih
poleg tolminskega jegliča rasla tudi tipska oblika P. au-
ricula, je v drugem tipu, v združbi skalnih razpok, le ta
prisotna le na enem popisu od skupno šestih.
5. 4 Zaključki
Populacije vrste Primula auricula so si v različnih delih
areala zelo raznolike in ta takson je zato mogoče čle-
niti v več podvrst, varietet in form, po nekaterih avtor-
jih tudi v več vrst. Medsebojna primerjava vseh teh
različkov je zelo zahtevna in pri naši raziskavi smo se ji
morali odpovedati. V članku želimo predvsem opozo-
riti na populacijo izrazito svetlo rumeno (limonasto)
cvetočih lepih jegličov, z razmeroma majhnimi cveto-
vi, ki jih je Anka Rudolf opazila pod Kobiljo glavo na
Tolminskem (v prigorju južnih Julijskih Alp). Uspeva-
jo skupaj z običajno temno (živo) rumeno cvetočimi
primerki, a so slednji v manjšini. V okolici posamično
uspevajo tudi druge vrste jegličov, a možnost, da bi
bila svetla barva posledica križanja, je zelo majhna.
Rastišča, kamniti gorski pašniki, apnenčasto in dolo-
mitno skalovje, so izrazito osojna, s hladnim krajev-
nim podnebjem, kjer spomladi dolgo ostaja sneg. Dru-
god v Sloveniji po naših izkušnjah tak jeglič ne raste,
čeprav smo na več krajih opazili tudi bolj svetlo cveto-
če primerke z manjšimi cvetovi od običajnih, a vendar
ti primerki ne odstopajo tako očitno od okoliških pri-
merkov tipske oblike in rastejo bolj posamično, nika-
kor ne v tako strnjeni populaciji kot pod Kobiljo glavo.
V teku so še druge naše raziskave, ki bodo morda po-
jasnile vzroke za posebnost jegliča s planine Lom in
omogočile veljaven opis novega taksona. Do zdaj opra-
vljena opažanja in meritve pa dopuščajo provizoren
opis nove varietete Primula auricula var. tolminensis
(tolminski jeglič), ki jo za zdaj obravnavamo kot ozko
endemično in zato zasluži našo pozornost tudi z vidika
njenega varstva. To je že zdaj zagotovljeno, saj je vrsta
Primula auricula v Sloveniji zavarovana (A. 2004).
A tolminski jeglič kot redek barvni različek bi lahko v
določenih (predvsem vrtnarskih) krogih vzbudil večje
zanimanje. Zdajšnji način rabe prostora, kjer raste, ga
ne ogroža, ogrožati bi ga lahko začeli ljudje, zaradi
želje, da ga vzgojijo tudi doma. Njegova nahajališča so
na robu Triglavskega narodnega parka, tista pod Kri-
kovim vrhom, tudi znotraj njega. Čeprav je populacija
nad pl. Lom zelo bogata, skupno zagotovo več kot 500
primerkov, bodo morda v bodoče potrebne ustrezne
informacijske table, ki bodo na to posebnost pl. Lom in
Kobilje glave opozarjale in obiskovalcem dale jasno
napotilo, da je trganje in izkopavanje tolminskega je-
gliča brez predhodnega dovoljenja ustreznih služb
strogo prepovedano in podvrženo kaznovanju.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0236).
Iztok Sajko prepared Figure 5 for print. English trans-
lation by Andreja Šalamon Ve r bič.
We would like to thank Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy for his
informations about the localities of the taxon Primula
auricula var. tolminensis also under Krikov Vrh. We
acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian
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Table 1: Communities with Primula auricula var. tolminensis
Preglednica 1: Združbe s tolminskim jegličem (Primula auricula var. tolminensis)
Authors of the table /Avtorja preglednice: I. Dakskobler & B. Vreš
Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa)
233781
233730
246706
246707
235178
233780
242497
242498
257568
257569
Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 1170 1130 1200 1150 114 2 1150 1160 1170 1150 1150
Aspect (Lega) NEE N N NW NNW NNE NW NW NE NE
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 30 25 25 30 70 80 95 90 80 90
Parent material (Matična podlaga) A AL ALR ALR A A A A D D
Soil (Tla) Re CC CC CC Li Li Li Li Li Li
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) 30 30 30 20 100 100 100 100 100 10 0
Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %): E2 10 10
Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): E1 70 80 70 80 30 40 20 25 25 20
Cover of moss layer in % (Zastiranje mahovne plasti v %) E0 10 30 10 530 20
Number of species (Število vrst) 36 88 71 50 23 19 12 10 19 10
Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m240 40 20 20 10 10 20 20 5 5
Date of the relevé (Datum popisa)
5/24/2009
5/24/2009
5/9/2012
5/9/2012
5/9/2010
5/24/2009
4/21/2011
4/21/2011
5/10/2015
5/10/2015
Locality (Nahajališče)
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Lom-Kobilja glava
Krikov vrh
Krikov vrh
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9848/2
9748/4
9748/4
Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m
406675
406608
406679
406630
406631
406659
406613
406652
406655
406637
Coordinate GK X (D-48) m
5117930
5117921
5117889
5117923
5117932
5117912
5117926
5117956
5118828
5118852
ES Elyno-Seslerietea Pr. Fr.
Sesleria caerulea E1 2 . 1 1 1 2 1 1 + . 8 80
CA Festuca calva E1 + . . . . + + . . . 3 30
Gentiana verna E1 . 1 1 1 . . . . . . 3 30
Phyteuma orbiculare E1 . + + + . . . . . . 3 30
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus E1 1 1 + . . . . . . . 3 30
Arabis ciliata E1 1 1 . . . . . . . . 2 20
Galium anisophyllum E1 + 1 . . . . . . . . 2 20
Cfir Carex ornithopodoides E1 r . + . . . . . . . 2 20
Aster bellidiastrum E1 . + . . . + . . . . 2 20
Erigeron glabratus E1 . + . . . + . . . . 2 20
Acinos alpinus E1 1 . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Polygala alpestris E1 . 1 . . . . . . . . 1 10
Betonica alopecuros E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Hieracium pilosum E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Leucanthemum heterophyllum E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Carex mucronata E1 . . . . . . . + . . 1 10
PS Physoplexido comosae-Saxifragion petraeae
Primula auricula var. tolminensis E1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 10 10 0
Saxifraga crustata E1 1 + . + . 1 1 + . . 6 60
Campanula carnica E1 . . . . . 1 . . 1 + 3 30
Paederota lutea E1 . . . . + . + . . . 2 20
Campanula cespitosa E1 . . . . + . . . . . 1 10
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pr. Fr.
Cy Cystopteridion fragilis
Cystopteris fragilis E1 . + + + + . + . r 1 7 70
Valeriana tripteris E1 . . + + 1 . . . r . 4 40
Heliosperma pusillum E1 . + . . . + . . . . 2 20
Carex brachystachys E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
Asplenium viride E1 . . . . . . . . . r 1 10
PC Potentilletalia caulescentis
Primula auricula s.str. E1 + + + 1 . . + . . . 5 50
Festuca stenantha E1 . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 10
AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Asplenium ruta-muraria E1 + + . . . . . + r + 5 50
Kernera saxatilis E1 . + . . + + . + + . 5 50
Asplenium trichomanes E1 . . . . . + 1 + r 1 5 50
Sedum album E1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Polypodium vulgare E1 . . . . + . . . . . 1 10
Saxifraga paniculata E1 . . . . . + . . . . 1 10
TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Arabis alpina subsp. alpina E1 . . . + + . + . . . 3 30
Pimpinella alpina E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Trisetum argenteum E1 . . . . + . . + . . 2 20
Biscutella laevigata E1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Adenostyles glabra E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Gymnocarpium robertianum E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Hieracium bifidum E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
FB Festuco-Brometea
Plantago media E1 + 1 1 2 . . . . . . 4 40
Carex caryophyllea E1 + 1 1 1 . . . . . . 4 40
Carlina acaulis E1 + + + + . . . . . . 4 40
Euphorbia cyparissias E1 2 . + + . . . . . . 3 30
Galium verum s.str. E1 1 + + . . . . . . . 3 30
Koeleria pyramidata E1 + + 1 . . . . . . . 3 30
Bromopsis transsilvanica E1 2 . . . . + . . . . 2 20
Genista tinctoria E1 + + . . . . . . . . 2 20
Anthyllis vulneraria E1 1 . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Allium carinatum subsp. carinatum E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Gentiana cruciata E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Cirsium erisithales E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia
Crocus albiflorus E1 + + 1 1 . . . . . . 4 40
Trollius europaeus E1 . + + + . . . . . . 3 30
Poa alpina E1 + 1 . . . . . . . . 2 20
Campanula scheuchzeri E1 + + . . . . . . . . 2 20
Ranunculus nemorosus E1 . 1 + . . . . . . . 2 20
MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Luzula campestris E1 . 1 + + . . . . . . 3 30
Taraxa cum sect. Ruderalia E1 . 1 + + . . . . . . 3 30
Lotus corniculatus E1 + + . . . . . . . . 2 20
Galium mollugo E1 . + + . . . . . . . 2 20
Lathyrus pratensis E1 . 1 + . . . . . . . 2 20
Leontodon hispidus E1 . 1 + . . . . . . . 2 20
Veronica chamaedrys E1 . + + . . . . . . . 2 20
Dactylis glomerata s.str. E1 . 1 . . . . . . . . 1 10
Achillea millefolium E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Carum carvi E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Cerastium holosteoides E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Trifolium pratense E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Vicia cracca E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Vicia sepium E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Alchemilla flabellata E1 + + + 1 . . . . . . 4 40
Antennaria dioica E1 + + 1 . . . . . . . 3 30
Selaginella helvetica E1 . 1 + 1 . . . . . . 3 30
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pr. Fr.
Carex pallescens E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Lathyrus linifolius E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Polygala vulgaris E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Viola canina E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
CD Caricetalia davallianae
Gentiana utriculosa E1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Parnassia palustris E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Silene nutans E1 1 + . . . . . . . . 2 20
Achillea distans E1 . 1 + . . . . . . . 2 20
Vicia sylvatica E1 . 1 + . . . . . . . 2 20
Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Hypericum perforatum s.str. E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Valeriana wallrothii (V. collina) E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
MuA Mulgedio-Aconieteta, Betulo-Alnetea
Hypericum maculatum s.str. E1 + + 1 + . . . . . . 4 40
Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum E1 . 1 + 2 . . . . . . 3 30
Aconitum angustifolium E1 . + 2 + . . . . . . 3 30
Alnus viridis E2a . + r + . . . . . . 3 30
Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum E1 . + . 1 r . . . . . 3 30
Salix appendiculata E1 . + + . . . . . . . 2 20
Rumex arifolius E1 . . + 1 . . . . . . 2 20
Ranunculus platanifolius E1 . . . . r . . . . . 1 10
Senecio ovatus E1 . . . . r . . . . . 1 10
EA Epilobietea angustifolii, Galio-Urticetea
Tussilago farfara E1 . 1 + 1 . . . . . . 3 30
Urtica dioica s.str. E1 . + + + . . . . . . 3 30
Cirsium arvense E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Cirsium palustre E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Fragaria vesca E1 . . 1 . . . . . . . 1 10
SSc Sambuco-Salicion capreae, Rhamno-Prunetea
Rosa canina E2a . . + . . r . . . . 2 20
Sorbus aucuparia E2a . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Rubus idaeus E1 . . . . . + . . . . 1 10
EP Erico-Pinetea
Carex ornithopoda E1 1 . + + . . . . . . 3 30
Molinia arundinacea E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Pinus mugo E2a . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Rhododendron hirsutum E2a . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Rubus saxatilis E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Clematis alpina E2a . + + + + 1 . . . . 5 50
Saxifraga cuneifolia E1 . 1 + 1 + . . . . . 4 40
Picea abies E2a . + + 1 . . . . . . 3 30
Luzula luzuloides E1 . 1 . + . . . . . . 2 20
Oxalis acetosella E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Gentiana asclepiadea E1 . 1 . . . . . . . . 1 10
Phegopteris connectilis E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Hieracium murorum E1 . . 1 . . . . . . . 1 10
Homogyne alpina E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Larix decidua E2a . . r . . . . . . . 1 10
TA Tilio-Acerion
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Acer pseudoplatanus E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Aruncus dioicus E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Corydalis solida E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Tephroseris pseudocrispa E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Adoxa moschatellina E1 . . . + . . . . . . 1 10
Chrysosplenium alternifolium E1 . . . + . . . . . . 1 10
Geranium robertianum E1 . . . . + . . . . . 1 10
FS Fagetalia sylvaticae
Mercurialis perennis E1 + . . . . . . . r . 2 20
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Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pr. Fr.
Fagus sylvatica E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Symphytum tuberosum E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Daphne mezereum E2a . . + . r . . . . . 2 20
Myosotis sylvatica E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Lathyrus vernus subsp. flaccidus E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Campanula trachelium E1 . . . + . . . . . . 1 10
Prenanthes purpurea E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
Dryopteris filix-mas E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae
Primula veris subsp. columnae E1 . + . r . . . . . . 2 20
Fraxinus ornus E1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 10
Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa E1 . + . . . . . . . . 1 10
Sorbus aria (Aria edulis) E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
QF Querco-Fagetea
Anemone nemorosa E1 . + + + . . . . . . 3 30
Cruciata glabra E1 . + + . . . . . . . 2 20
Gagea lutea E1 . + . + . . . . . . 2 20
Dactylorhiza fuchsii E1 . . + + . . . . . . 2 20
Carex montana E1 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Primula vulgaris E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
Hepatica nobilis E1 . . . . . . . . r . 1 10
ML Mosses and lichens (Mahovi in lišaji)
Ctenidium molluscum E0 . + + . 1 + 1 + 1 2 8 80
Schistidium apocarpum E0 + . + . . + . . 1 1 5 50
Neckera crispa E0 . . . . 1 + + + 2 . 5 50
Tortella tortuosa E0 1 + . + . . . . . . 3 30
Hylocomium splendens E0 . + . 1 1 . . . . . 3 30
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus E0 . + 2 1 . . . . . . 3 30
Mnium thomsonii E0 . . . . + . . . + + 3 30
Homalothecium lutescens E0 . . + . . . . . . . 1 10
Hypnum cupressiforme E0 . . . + . . . . . . 1 10
Atrichum undulatum E0 . . . + . . . . . . 1 10
Marchantia polymorpha E0 . . . . + . . . . . 1 10
Distichium capillaceum E0 . . . . + . . . . . 1 10
Homalothecium sericeum E0 . . . . . + . . . . 1 10
Musci spp.E0 . . . . . . . . . 1 1 10
Legend - Legenda
A Limestone - Apnenec
D Dolomite - dolomit
L Marlstone - laporovec
C Chert - roženec
CC Brown soil on limestone - rjava pokarbonatna tla
Li Lithosol - kamnišče
Re Rendzina - rendzina
CA Caricion austroalpinae
Cfir Caricion firmae
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