Content uploaded by Oyedamola A. Asiyanbola
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Oyedamola A. Asiyanbola on Nov 01, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Development of Brick Making Machine {Development of an Electro-Hydraulic Brick Making Machine}
Abstract and Figures
The need for local production in Nigeria cannot be over-stressed. In light of the recent situation; cost of importation has increased astronomically, crippling the growth of many industries in Nigeria. These industries are solely dependent on imported machine parts, equipment and facilities. This proposal highlights the challenges faced by Nigeria as a whole in relation to housing unit deficits and in the aim to enable production of affordable housing schemes which is part of The Nigerian Transformation Agenda and Vision 20: 2020 the Nigeria Brick Industry need facilities as such locally produced Brick Making Machines devoid of importation expenses to produce affordable bricks to facilitate construction of adequate shelters to address Nigeria’s housing deficits problem.
The methodology involves the design of a brick making machine taking into consideration especially cost of making the machine and size of the bricks that will be produced. Materials for this machine will be sourced locally within Nigeria so as to make it very affordable. The size of the bricks will be larger compared to the common bricks so walling can be done more efficiently. The lager bricks have larger surface area, these will save materials (cement mortar used especially) and reduce the number of bricks needed to complete certain wall area.
Figures - uploaded by Oyedamola A. Asiyanbola
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Oyedamola A. Asiyanbola
Content may be subject to copyright.
... e and live for the next life opportunities, the provision of shelter is an important requirements shelter consist of some standard living items and conditions which provides room for all other necessities of human rights, Yakubu et. al. (2015).one of the most important materials for shelter are bricks and blocks. Brick making is an ancient process Oyedamola et. al. (2017). Brick making has evolved since 7000BC and has been found in various places like the Jerusalem and in most developed countries all over the world. ...
Shelter is one of the basic needs of human race. A permanent shelter is referred to as a building. Brick is the smallest unit of a building. The quality of a brick determines the structural viability of a building. Therefore, the production of good quality bricks becomes paramount and great challenge to man, considering other factors like strength, durability, availability of raw materials, cost of production, and transportation amongst others. The quest to solve the problem of affordable housing with local content led to harnessing the readily available red soil in large quantities in developing countries like Nigeria. This need brought the concept of the design and fabrication of Red brick making machine. The major objective of this research work is to is to design and construct red brick making machine with locally sort materials which is more efficient, durable and cost effective when compared with those produced manually or blocks produced with cement. This machine has the following design parameters, having a height of 1700mm with the base dimension of 790mm by 650mm. It was designed to mould four bricks simultaneously. It can be dual powered by electricity or by an internal combustion engine (diesel) and is dual powered (electricity and diesel). The main material used for the fabrication is mild steel. This is due to its good mechanical properties such as machinability, weldability, high tensile strength, availability and low cost. The dimension of the mold inside the core is 150mm x 250mm x 200mm which is segmented into four compartments to produce brick size of 140mm x 230mm x180mm each. The brick has a dimension of 130mm x 220mm x170mm. This machine is incorporated with hydraulic system with a piston rod positioned each of the sides of the travel rail of the machine which will enhance the lifting and lowering of the brick mold with a vibrator imbedded in it to juggle the red clay in the mold cavity to give the desired result after it has been subjected to a rigorous vibration and compression by the vibrator and the rammer in the machine. This machine is capable of producing four bricks simultaneously in 6 minutes.
Sandcrete blocks comprise of natural sand, water and binder. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in to the production of sandcrete blocks. This has necessitated producers of sandcrete blocks to produce blocks with low OPC content that will be affordable to people and with much gain. The poverty level amongst West African Countries and particularly Nigerian has made these blocks widely acceptable among the populace so as to minimize the cost of construction works. Despite the cost benefit of sandcrete cost, the improper use of these blocks leads to microcracks on the walls after construction and this result to incessant collapse of buildings which has turned out to be a worrisome problem facing the construction industry in Nigeria. The main aim of this research is to evaluate how sandcrete blocks and bricks are produced for use in Nigeria, the laws and regulations guiding their production and the prospects and challenges facing the block production industry in Nigeria. A case study survey of about 15 block production factories was conducted to find out how block manufacturers produce sandcrete blocks and bricks for use in Nigeria. Three types of investigations, namely field survey (participant observation), literature review and interviews were carried out. This study found several factors are responsible for the collapse of buildings one of which is the use of poor quality of building materials such as blocks and bricks. It is therefore important to ensure that the production of this major masonry unit is not only standardized but regulated and adequately monitored to ensure quality.
The provision of shelter is one the most basic demand of a Man all over the World. It is one the most important challenges a man faces in his life. The problem of good shelter varies from place to place. A good shelter provides, first and foremost Security and Privacy. In the developed world the problem is less pronounced, but in the developing nation like Nigeria, the problem of shelter is more pronounced. There is about eighteen (18) million housing units’ deficit in Nigeria. One of the most important materials used for building of a shelter is block/brick, but majority of the people cannot afford these materials (blocks or bricks) due high cost. Therefore, the production of high quality and affordable blocks/bricks is paramount to solving housing problems in developing countries especially in Nigeria. Thus, this research focused on design construction and testing of a multipurpose machine that produces high quality blocks/bricks for low cost
housing. That is, for low income communities/earners. The constructed motorized compressive earth brick (CEB)/block making machine can produce on average a total of 2,215 bricks per day and 950 blocks per day. The cost of production of the machine was two hundred and eighty six thousand, eight hundred ninety (N286, 890.00) naira only. Whereas, the most common high-tech motorized CEB machine in Nigeria (Hydraform®)
with an average capacity of about 3,000 bricks per day costs about six million naira (N6,000,000.00K) only. Thus, the machine is very affordable for small scale enterprise (SME). In other words, bricks or blocks produced by using this machine are relatively cheap and affordable for those in the rural areas and for low income earners.
Research activities in different countries have shown that the compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks are always far below the recommended values in the codes. This work reports the compressive strengths and the statistical characteristics of sandcrete blocks collected from twenty five (25) different block industries in Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of seventy five (75) of 450 mm x 225 mm x 225 mm and seventy five (75) of 450 mm x 150 mm x 225 mm blocks were collected and tested. The results showed that the 450 mm x 150 mm x 225 mm sandcrete blocks in circulation as at May 23, 2005 had an average strength of 0.55 N/mm2 while those of 450 mm x 225 mm x 225 mm had an average compressive strength of 0.45 N/mm2 as at November 13, 2005. These values are very much lower than those stipulated by the relevant Codes and Standards. Although statistical analysis showed that the compressive strength of these blocks followed a normal distribution, the overall coefficient of variation stood at 0.54 for the 450 mm x 150 mm x 225 mm blocks and 0.71 for the 450 mm x 225 mm x 225 mm blocks. These values are high and they indicate very poor quality control in the production processes. On the basis of the noted poor quality control, recommendations appropriate for improving the strength and effectiveness of sandcrete blocks production in Nigeria are made.
Exhaustive, authoritative and comprehensive, using 160 statistical tables, this book addresses the fundamental structure of materials and remediation, and looks at the properties of water and water-induced degradation and deterioration, with chapters on moisture effects in buildings and materials, corrosion theory and metal protection. The authors explain the behaviour of materials in fires, fundamental fire resistance principles and techniques, calculation of flame temperatures, and the removal of heat by nitrogen and other combustion products. It addresses properties performance, degradation of masonry, plastics, adhesives, sealants, timber, glass and fibre composites, metals and alloy elements. Phase diagrams show cooling curves and structure for metals and alloys. Concrete technology is developed in relation to degradation, electro-potential mapping and cathodic protection of reinforced concrete. The book is fully updated to current British and European standards. • Addresses the fundamental structure of materials and remediation and looks at the properties of water and water-induced degradation and deterioration • Explains the behaviour of materials in fires, fundamental fire resistance principles and techniques, calculation of flame temperatures and the removal of heat • Fully updated to current British and European standards.
This paper empahsises the need for energy conservation and pollution control in Indian brick industry. It discusses some of the technical options available for energy conservation and pollution control. Information on design and operation of relatively efficient brick kilns, such as, fixed chimney kiln, zig-zag kiln and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln have been included. Some key results of field monitoring of brick kilns carried out by TERI are also presented in the paper. The main barriers in the dissemination of efficient technology in brick industry are also discussed.
Engineering design draws on tens of thousands of materials and on many hundreds of processes to shape, join and finish them. One aspect of optimized design of a product or system is that of selecting, from this vast menu, the materials and processes that best meet the needs of the design, maximizing its performance and minimizing its cost. The problem, still incompletely solved, is that of matching material and process attributes to design requirements. Some of these attributes can be expressed as numbers, like density or thermal conductivity; some are Boolean, such as the ability to be recycled; some, like resistance to corrosion, can be expressed only as a ranking (poor, adequate, good, for instance); and some can only be captured in text and images. Achieving the match with design requirements involves four basic steps. (1) A method for translating design requirements into a specification for material and process. (2) A procedure for screening out those that cannot meet the specification, leaving a subset of the original menu. (3) A scheme for ranking the surviving materials and process, identifying those that have the greatest potential. (4) A way of searching for supporting information about the top-ranked candidates, giving as much background information about their strengths, weaknesses, history of use and future potential as possible. In this paper we review the strategies that have evolved to deal with this problem, the progress that has been made and the challenges that remain.