Un posible caso de depredación preservado en ámbar de Chiapas: una araña (Araneae, Theridiidae) y su presa, una mosca (Díptera, Dolichopodidae)

Abstract

A possible case of predation in the amber from Chiapas, Mexico: a spider (Araneae, Theridiidae) and its prey, a fly (Diptera, Dolichopodidae).

Abstract.
The family Theridiidae is probably the most common spider family encountered in amber and has been recorded from Baltic and Dominican ambers. In the case of mexican amber, five species have been recorded; the genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 (Theridiidae) is added here as part of the fossil record of Chiapas, with an age of 23 My. Evidence of fossilized cobweb, and a possible case of predation, is reported for the first time from Chiapas amber. The presence of Theridion in Mexican amber could indicate that many of the genera of spiders reported in amber from Chiapas are still part of the extant spiderfauna in this region; future research, focused on analyzing the richness and diversity of spiders, including fossil taxa, in Simojovel de Allende and allude municipalities, could confirm or reject this possibility.

Full text

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UHVSHFWRDVXFODVLILFDFLyQ\VXVUHODFLRQHVFRQRWURVJUXSRV
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FXOWDGHVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQDOHVWXGLDUDUDxDVLQFOXLGDVHQiP
EDUGHPDQHUDTXHORVSDOHRDUDFQyORJRVVHHQIUHQWDQPX\D
PHQXGRFRQHMHPSODUHV~QLFRVHQORVFXDOHVHVGLItFLODSUH
FLDUFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWD[RQyPLFDV\VLVWHPiWLFDVFODYHVSDUDVX
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UHJLVWURIyVLO
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WLFDORVFDUDFWHUHVJHQLWDOHVODVFODYHVWD[RQyPLFDVGH/HYL
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PHQFRQIRWRJUDItDVGHYDULDVHVSHFLHVSXEOLFDGDVHQODSiJL
QDKWWSZZZXQDPIFDUDFQRODEFRPHQODVHFFLyQCollection
searchVHXELFyHOHVSpFLPHQGHQWURGHODFWXDOJpQHURTheri-
dionGHELGRDODDXVHQFLDGHFyOXORDEGRPHQRYDODGRPiV
ODUJRTXHDOWRHSLJLQLRHVFOHURVDGRXQSDUGHHVSHUPDWHFDV\
ODDXVHQFLDGHHVFXWDVREUHHODEGRPHQ
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VHFRQVLGHUDTXHWLHQHDILQLGDGHVFRQTheridion hispi-
dum 23LFNDUG&DPEULGJHGHELGRDODIRUPDGHOHSL
JLQLR\ODVHVSHUPDWHFDVILJEG/DFRORUDFLyQGHODDUDxD
HQJHQHUDO\SDUWLFXODUPHQWHODVSDWDVSXHGHHVWDUDOWHUDGD
GHELGRD OD FRORUDFLyQGHOiPEDUVLQHPEDUJR/HYL
PHQFLRQDTXHThispidumSXHGHSUHVHQWDUFRORUHVRVFXURV(Q
ODDFWXDOLGDG ODHVSHFLHWLHQHXQDDPSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQGHVGH
0p[LFRD&RORPELD0OOHU+HLPHU(Q&KLDSDVVH
KDUHSRUWDGRSDUDORV PXQLFLSLRV GH 2FRVLQJR7yQDOD&D
FDKRWiQ\5tRGHODV)ORUHVYHUPDSDHQ/HYL
$UQHGRet alPHQFLRQDQTXHHOJpQHURTheri-
dionVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQHVWDGRWD[RQyPLFRSDUWLFXODUPHQWH
SREUH\UHVROYHUDGHFXDGDPHQWHODWD[RQRPtDGHOJpQHURHV
XQDWDUHDEDVWDQWHGHVDOHQWDGRUDODFXDOUHTXHULUtDGHUHYLVLR
QHVDQLYHOGHHVSHFLH\DQiOLVLVILORJHQpWLFRVGHFLHQWRVGH
HVWDVHVSHFLHVDFWXDOHV+DVWDHOPRPHQWRHOJpQHURTheri-
dionVHFRPSRQHGHHVSHFLHVYiOLGDV:RUOG6SLGHU&DWD
ORJ
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IyVLOHVYiOLGDVGH7KHULGLLGDHGHGLIHUHQWHV\DFLPLHQWRVOD
PD\RUDEXQGDQFLDGHpVWDVKDVLGRUHJLVWUDGDSDUDHOiPEDU
GHO%iOWLFRHVSHFLHVGDWDGRHQDOUHGHGRUGH0D\OD
5HS~EOLFD'RPLQLFDQDHVSHFLHVGDWDGRHQ±0D
'XQORSet al(QHOFDVRGHOiPEDUPH[LFDQRVHFR
QRFtDQFLQFRUHJLVWURVEomysmena asta3HWUXQNHYLWFK,
Episinus chiapasanus 3HWUXQNHYLWFKPronepos exilis
3HWUXQNHYLWFKP. fossilis 3HWUXQNHYLWFK\Episi-
nus penneyi*DUFtD9LOODIXHUWHFRQHODFWXDOUHJLVWUR
VHDXPHQWDQDVHLVORVWHUtGLGRVUHSRUWDGRV
3HQQH\6HOGHQVXJLHUHQDSDUWLUGHOUHJLVWUR
IyVLODFWXDOTXHIDPLOLDVFRPR7KHULGLLGDH\RWURVDUDQRLGHRV
LUUDGLDURQ\GLYHUVLILFDURQGXUDQWHHO&HQR]RLFRGHVSXpVGHO
HYHQWRGHH[WLQFLyQHQPDVDGHOILQDOGHO&UHWiFLFR/RVDXWR
UHVDQWHVPHQFLRQDGRVVXJLHUHQTXHGLFKDREVHUYDFLyQHVHO
UHVXOWDGRGHOHVFDVRPDWHULDOFRQHOFXDOVHFXHQWDSHURTXH
PX\SUREDEOHPHQWHSRGUtDQHQFRQWUDUVHHQHOUHJLVWURIyVLO
GHO0HVR]RLFR
6LQHPEDUJR3HQQH\2UWXxRDUJXPHQWDQTXH
GXUDQWHVXVDxRVFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRUHVKDQHVWXGLDGRPiVGH
DUDxDVIyVLOHVSURYHQLHQWHVGHOiPEDU&UHWiFLFR\DSUR
[LPDGDPHQWHDUDxDVGHO0HVR]RLFRSUHVHUYDGDVHQYD
ULRVWLSRVGHURFD\KDVWDHOPRPHQWRIDPLOLDVFRPR7KHUL
GLLGDHHVWiQ DXVHQWHVHQGHSyVLWRVDQWHULRUHVDO&HQR]RLFR
3RUORWDQWRHVSRVLEOHTXH7KHULGLLGDHGHULYHGHODVUDGLDFLR
QHVTXHRFXUULHURQGHVSXpVGHOHYHQWRGHH[WLQFLyQDOILQDOGHO
&UHWiFLFRTXHSDUHFHTXHQRWXYRHIHFWRVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUD
ODVDUDxDVHQWpUPLQRVGHH[WLQFLyQDQLYHOGHIDPLOLD3HQQH\
et al)RUWDOHFLHQGRODLGHDDQWHULRU0DUXVLN3HQ
QH\EDViQGRVHHQXQDHYDOXDFLyQGHODVVXEIDPLOLDV
GH7KHULGLLGDHSUHVHUYDGDVHQHOiPEDUGHO%iOWLFR\GRPLQL
FDQRPHQFLRQDQTXHODVUDGLDFLRQHVGHODVSULQFLSDOHVVXE
IDPLOLDVGH7KHULGLLGDHIXHURQUHODWLYDPHQWHUHFLHQWHVRFX
UULHQGRHQWUH HO 0LRFHQR 0HGLR \ HO 0LRFHQR 7HPSUDQR
KDFHXQRV 0D HVWD LGHDHV DSR\DGDSRU $JQDUVVRQ
TXLHQUHDOL]D XQ DQiOLVLVVREUHHVSHFLHV DFWXDOHV GH
7KHULGLLGDH
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1RHVDOJRFRP~QHQFRQWUDUWHODUDxDVIRVLOL]DGDVHQiPEDU
ORV~QLFRVUHJLVWURVDQLYHOPXQGLDO\ORVPiVDQWLJXRVSUR
YLHQHQ GHO &UHWiFLFR WHPSUDQR GHO iPEDU GHO /tEDQR
=VFKRNNHFRQXQDHGDGGH±0D0DN
VRXGetal \GHO iPEDU GH (VSDxD3HxDOYHUet al
GDWDGR HQ 0DVLQ HPEDUJR VHGHVFRQRFH TXp
IDPLOLDVGHDUDxDVRULJLQDURQGLFKDVWHODUDxDV$TXtVHUHSRU
WDSRUSULPHUDYH]ODHYLGHQFLDGHXQDWHODUDxDHQiPEDUGH
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TXHVHWLHQHUHVSHFWRDODWHODUDxDGHXQWHUtGLGRHVSHFtILFD
PHQWHGHOJpQHURTheridion5HVSHFWRDOXVRGHODWHODUDxD
SRUSDUWHGHHVSHFLHVWHMHGRUDV6HOGHQSURSRQHTXH
HVWRSXGRKDEHURFXUULGRHQHO-XUiVLFRRDQWHV3HQQH\
2UWXxR  PHQFLRQDQ TXH GDGD OD FRPSOHMLGDG \ ORV
PRYLPLHQWRVHVWHUHRWLSDGRVTXHH[KLEHQODVHVSHFLHVWHMHGR
UDVSDUDFRQVWUXLUVXVWHODUDxDVQRKD\GXGDDOJXQDVREUHVX
RULJHQFRP~Q*ULVZROGet al\HVWiQGHDFXHUGRFRQ
ORTXH6HOGHQVXJLHUH
(QODVILJXUDVEF\DEVHREVHUYDQYDULRVKLORVGH
ODWHODUDxDFRQJRWDVGHSHJDPHQWRDOJXQRVKLORVHVWiQHQ
FRQWDFWRFRQHOGtSWHURILJEFDEORFXDOVXJLHUHTXH
pVWHHV XQ SRVLEOH FDVR GH GHSUHGDFLyQ SUHVHUYDGR HQ OD
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'ROLFKRSRGLGDHTXHGyDWUDSDGRSRUODUHGGHVXGHSUHGDGRU
ILJD(EHUKDUGet al.GLVFXWHQTXHODGLVWULEXFLyQ
GHPDWHULDOSHJDMRVRDORODUJRGHORVKLORVSUREDEOHPHQWH
WHQJDQXQJUDQLPSDFWRHQODFDSDFLGDGGHUHWHQFLyQGHOD
SUHVDKLORV FRQSHTXHxDV JRWDVGH SHJDPHQWRFRPR HQ
SynotaxusVS\Theridion hispidumVRQDSHQDVHVFDVDPHQ
WHDGKHVLYRV\SUHVXPLEOHPHQWHIXQFLRQDQFRQSUHVDVGH
YXHORGpELO \WDO YH]FRQ LQVHFWRV GH SDWDV ODUJDVFRPR
RFXUUHHQDOJXQRVJUXSRVGHGtSWHURV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGODVWHODUDxDVFRQVWUXLGDVSRUThispi-
dumVHFRPSRQHQGHKLORVODUJRVFRQ JRWDV GH SHJDPHQWR
UHODWLYDPHQWHHVSDFLDGDV\ODXQLyQHQWUHHOORVWLHQGHDFUHDU
IRUPDV WULDQJXODUHV WUDSH]RLGDOHV FXUYDGDV URPERLGDOHV
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