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Handbook of fungal and parasitic Culture media
Abstract and Figures
Although many different types of media are available for growing fungi and parasite ,and with the availability of a number of references for the types of fungal and parasitic culture media , There are a few books specializes in fungal and parasitic culture media . Therefore, we are pleased to present the first our book of the fungal and parasitical culture media, this book contains many fungal and parasitic culture media, Composition, Preparation of Medium and the purpose of their use. The first chapter of this book contains the most important cultural media used for the cultivation of a variety of fungi. And the second chapter contains the most important cultural media used for the cultivation of parasites.
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... Sometimes some trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Mo and B are also necessary. In general, Media can be grouped into three broad categories based on their composition : Non reproducible natural mediaoccur in nature and require no preparation (Dung, Wood, Fruits and Vegetables), Reproducible natural media-entire chemical composition not known (Corn Meal Agar, Malt Extract Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar, Soil Extract Agar etc.) and Synthetic media-complete chemical composition known (Czapek's Agar, Czapek's Rose Bengal Agar, CN Screen Medium, sabouraud dextrose agar, Nutrient agar etc.) (Ajah and Mohammed, 2015). ...
The Avena stiva was used in preparation of a new culture medium for the growth of some microorganisms(bacteria and fungi) in vitro. In this study, made new medium prepared from Avena stiva, the agar were added to media for solid media. The isolates of fungi (Candida albicans , Fusarium sp, Aspergillus) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Serratia sp, Salmonilla sp), were cultured on new media. The results showed the ability of microorganisms tested to grow on the new medium and its typical specifications.
The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans possess a phenoloxidase enzyme ,an enzyme which catalyses the oxidation of phenolic substrates to melanin pigment .In this study ,we used two new media made from an extract of apple leaves and eggplant leaves and compared with classic medium sunflower seed agar. Results obtained after the culture of five isolates of C. neoformans and two isolates of Candida albicans seven days at37 ᵒ C , showed that at48hours all isolates of C. neoformans were pigmented on both two media and produce brown colonies, while both isolates of C. albicans do not produce brown pigmented colonies on two media. Since C.albicans isolates do not produce the pigment ,apple leaves agar and eggplant leaves agar are useful as differential isolation media for the rapid identification of C. neoformans.
Melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans is widely used to characterize C. neoformansin mycology laboratories.In this study, we used new medium prepared from fava bean leaves extract.The isolates of C.neoformans and Candida albicans ,as negative control ,were cultured on fava bean agar, results showed that at 48hours the isolates of C.neoformans was pigmented on fava bean agar and produce dark brown colonies ,while C. albicans grow but don’t produce pigment. The analysis of fresh fava bean leaves by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC)showed that the fava bean leaves content :Gallic acid ,Caffeic acid ,Chlorgenic acid ,Protocatechic acid, Coumaric acid and Quinicacid.The present phenolic compound confirms fava bean agar useful as media for the rapid identification of C. neoformans.
Because specific treatment for trichomoniasis is available, it is important to identify infected people so that disease in the individual can be terminated and the sexual transmission of the organism prevented. The classic symptoms of the disease in women are a thin yellow offensive vaginal discharge, pruritus vulvae or vulval soreness, dyspareunia, and dysuria. A reddened vaginal wall with frothy thin yellow exudate in the posterior fornix and punctate red spots on the ectocervix (“strawberry cervix”) may be seen.1 These features, however, are not always present and are not pathognomonic of trichomoniasis. Although about 50% of women infected with T. vaginalis notice an increased vaginal discharge, a similar proportion of non-infected women give a similar history.23 Since about 18% and 12% of infected and nonin-fected women respectively have dysuria, this is not a helpful diagnostic feature.2 An abnormal discharge in the vaginal fornices may be seen more frequently in infected women (about 50%) than in noninfected individuals (about 22%),3 but this is described as “frothy” in only 12% of cases.2 The strawberry cervix is rarely seen.
The history of our understanding of human urogenital trichomoniasis and the organism Trichomonas vaginalis, which is the causative agent of this disease, is intimately bound up with the history of efforts to cultivate the organism in vitro. Only with axenic cultivation did it become possible to show conclusively that T. vaginalis was the sole originator of the rather diverse signs and symptoms seen in human infections. The disease has been produced in parasite-free female subjects by inoculation of axenic cultures on a number of occasions, producing some of the pathologic changes characteristic of the naturally acquired infection. Early experiments of this type are described in TrusselPs classic book,1 while later experiments are noted by Honigberg.2
