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Ochrobactrum anthropi

Authors:
Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez at Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez
Cristina Majalca-Martínez
Cristina Majalca-Martínez
Cristina Majalca-Martínez
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Guadalupe Aguilera at Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Guadalupe Aguilera
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Retrato Microbiológico
Ochrobactrum anthropi
Figura 1. Morfología de colonia de Ochrobactrum antrhopi crecida en medio agar sangre.
Cultivode24hincubadoa37ºC.FotografíatomadaporJesúsLuna.
Figura 2. Morfología de colonia de Ochrobactrum antrhopi crecida en medio Mc Conkey.
Cultivode24hincubadoa37ºC.FotografíatomadaporJesúsLuna.
RevChilenaInfectol2018;35(4):431-432
432 www.sochinf.cl
Retrato Microbiológico
Ochrobactrum anthropi
Ochrobactrum antrhopi es un bacilo gramnegativo, aerobio obligado, móvil por agelos perítricos, oxidasa positiva,
catalasa positiva e indol negativo. La bacteria es mesofílica y crece entre los 20 y 37°C. Las colonias a las 24 h de incu-
bación son circulares, lisas, brillantes, convexas y de 1 mm de diámetro con bordes enteros. Algunas pruebas que pueden
ayudar a distinguirla de otras bacterias oxidasa positivas son: incapacidad de crecer en cetrimida, lactosa negativa, no
hidrolisa la esculina y produce ureasa. En 1988 se describió como O. anthropi, del griego ochros, que signica amarillo
pálido, y anthropi porque se puede encontrar en material clínico de origen humano. Previamente, esta especie estaba
incluida en el género Achromobacter (Holmes y cols., 1988). La bacteria está ampliamente distribuida en la naturaleza,
encontrándose en el suelo y el agua.
La identicación microbiológica de O. anthropi es difícil debido a que es una bacteria metabólicamente inactiva, y
además porque causa una infección con un cuadro clínico inespecíco, donde la ebre es uno de los síntomas más rele-
vantes. El primer caso clínico causado por O. anthropi se describió en 1980 en un paciente con un absceso pancreático.
Aunque O. antrhopi es una bacteria con baja virulencia, es capaz de adherirse a supercies y por ello se asocia a conta-
minación de catéteres y dispositivos médicos. Actualmente, O. anthropi se considera un agente oportunista en pacientes
inmunocomprometidos. Se ha aislado en casos de bacteriemia, endoftalmitis, shock séptico, endocarditis, osteomielitis,
entre otras infecciones.
El género Ochrobactrum está relacionado logenéticamente con el género Brucella, por lo que pueden existir errores
en la identicación de ambos microorganismos por métodos automatizados basados en pruebas bioquímicas.
Ochrobactrum es resistente a los ß-lactámicos, lo cual genera dicultades en el tratamiento de las infecciones. Re-
cientemente, se han reportado casos clínicos con cepas multi-resistentes. Desafortunadamente, en la actualidad no existe
un tratamiento especíco para tratar las bacteriemias causadas por O. antrhopi; sin embargo, se ha usado con éxito, en
forma anecdótica, la combinación de cotrimoxazol y gentamicina o amikacina, y más recientemente, ciprooxacina.
Referencias bibliográcas
1.- Holmes B, Popo M, Kiredjian M, Kersters K. Ochrobactrum antrhopi gen. nov., sp. nov. from human clinical specimens and
previously known as group Vd. Int J System Bacteriol 1988; 38: 406-16.
2.- Teyssier C, Marchandin H, Jean-Pierre H, Diego I, Darbas H, Jeannot J L, et al. Molecular and phenotypic features for identication of
the opportunistic pathogens Ochrobactrum spp. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54: 945-53.
3.- Vila A, Pagella H, Vera Bello G, Vicente A. Brucella suis bacteremia misidentied as Ochrobactrum anthropi by the VITEK 2 system. J
Infect Dev Ctries 2016; 10: 432-6. doi: 10.3855/jidc.7532.
Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez1, Cristina Majalca-Martínez2 y M. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola1
1Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México.
2Laboratorio de Pruebas Especiales, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) 20 de Noviembre-Instituto de
Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México, México.
Correspondencia a:
M. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
lupita_aguilera@hotmail.com
RevChilenaInfectol2018;35(4):431-432
... In the work of Contreras et al. [18] they mention that the genus Ochrobactrum is resistant to beta-lactams and for this reason it is difficult to treat infectiously this bacteria. In our work we found that this genus was sensitive to Benzatine, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin with the exception of Dicloxacillin, which if it exhibited resistance. ...
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Outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Ochrobactrum anthropi Infections after Prostate Biopsies, France, 2014
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We report an outbreak of healthcare-associated prostatitis involving rare environmental pathogens in immunocompetent patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsies at Hôpital Édouard Herriot (Lyon, France) during August 13-October 10, 2014. Despite a fluoroquinolone-based prophylaxis, 5 patients were infected with Achromobacter xylosoxidans and 3 with Ochrobactrum anthropi, which has not been reported as pathogenic in nonimmunocompromised persons. All patients recovered fully. Analysis of the outbreak included case investigation, case-control study, biopsy procedure review, microbiologic testing of environmental and clinical samples, and retrospective review of hospital records for 4 years before the outbreak. The cases resulted from asepsis errors during preparation of materials for the biopsies. A low-level outbreak involving environmental bacteria was likely present for years, masked by antimicrobial drug prophylaxis and a low number of cases. Healthcare personnel should promptly report unusual pathogens in immunocompetent patients to infection control units, and guidelines should explicitly mention asepsis during materials preparation.
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Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary to vancomycin-resistant Ochrobactrum anthropi: Case report and literature review
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Background: The aim of this study was to report an unusual case of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, secondary to Ochrobactrum anthropi that was found to be resistant to vancomycin. Findings: Anterior chamber paracentesis cultures grew gram negative bacilli Ochrobactrum anthropi. The patient was treated with a series of intracameral injections of moxifloxacin, with adjuvant oral moxifloxacin. Posterior sub-Tenon and oral corticosteroids were used to treat cystoid macular edema. Explantation of the intraocular lens (IOL)-capsular bag complex was avoided. Conclusions: Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare entity, often due to indolent pathogens that sequester in the capsular bag. Aggressive surgical intervention may be avoided with the use of adequate intraocular antibiotic, provided that the offending organism demonstrates appropriate antibiotic susceptibilities.
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Brucella suis bacteremia misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi by the VITEK 2 system
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Ochrobactrum and Brucella are genetically related genera of the family Brucellaceae, sharing 98.8% rRNA similarity. Because of their phenotypic similarity, Ochrobactrum can be miscoded as Brucella by automated identification systems. The misidentification on blood cultures (BCs) of B. suis as O. anthropi by the VITEK 2 system is herein described. A 67-year-old male with a prosthetic mitral valve and fever was admitted with bacteremia due to a Gram-negative coccobacillus identified as O. anthropi by VITEK 2. The patient’s fever persisted along with positive blood cultures despite specific antimicrobial treatment. Due to this adverse outcome, the patient was interrogated again and admitted having domestic swine. Serological tests were positive for acute brucellosis. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of BC strains identified B. suis biovar 1. Timely identification of Brucella is essential for providing proper treatment to the patient and for advising safe handling of laboratory cultures in biological safety cabinets to prevent laboratory-acquired infection. Countries where brucellosis is endemic must be aware of this possibility.
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Cultivation-independent approach for the direct detection of bacteria in human clinical specimens as a tool for analysing culture-negative samples: a prospective study
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Administration of empirical antibiotic therapy prior to microbiological diagnosis is thought to be associated the failure of subsequent bacterial growth in culture. The aim of this study was to detect bacterial pathogens via direct amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in samples showing negative culture results as alternative diagnostic tools to troubleshoot difficult samples. Twenty-three (7.66 %) positive samples were detected, most of which were monomicrobial infections; 15 of the cases were identified as HAIs, 6 had catheter colonisation, and 2 had sample colonisation. The pathogens identified included Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The most frequent infections were bacteraemia and urinary tract infection, but meningitis, warm infection and soft tissue infection were also documented. These findings emphasise the efficacy and usefulness of molecular diagnosis, thus 16S rDNA gene analysis is strongly indicated by HAIs diagnostics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-1949-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Brucella suis Bacteremia Misidentified as Ochrobactrum antropii by Vytek 2 Automated System
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Background: Accurate and rapid identification of Brucella spp. is necessary to provide appropriate treatment to the patient and take measures to prevent laboratory-acquired infections. Methods: On January 2013 a 67-year-old man was admitted to our institution with a 3-day history of fever up to 39°C and fatigue. His medical history was significant for mitral valve replacement in 2010. The patient had close contact with pigs by keeping them as pets at home. On the day of admission two sets of aerobic blood cultures (BC) were obtained, becoming positive after 72 hs of incubation. The isolated organism was a non-motile gram-negative coccobacillus identified as O. anthropi by Vytek 2 system. In order to establish the clinical significance of this isolation in the setting of a work up for possible prosthetic infective endocarditis (IE), repeated BC were taken on days 3 and 5 of admission, all of them resulting positive for the same organism. No vegetations were seen in the transesophageal echocardiogram. A diagnosis of definite IE was made based on the presence of 2 major criteria (six positive BC taken >12 hs apart, plus 6/6 positive BC) and 2 minor criteria (predisposing cardiac condition and fever > 38°C). Results: Due to the rareness of the isolated pathogen, the adverse clinical outcome while on treatment for O. antropii, and the strong epidemiological data, patient’s serum was tested for the presence of Brucella antibodies with microagglutination test, complement fixation test and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) confirming the diagnosis of acute brucellosis. BC bottles were sent to a reference laboratory where the isolates were identified as B. suis biovar 1 by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, thus confirming the misidentification of B. suis as O. antropii by Vytek 2. Conclusion: B. suis can be misidentified using Vytek 2 system. Previous reports have described erroneous identification of Brucella spp. by API 20NE, RapID NF Plus and MicroScan systems. Countries where brucellosis is endemic need to be aware of this possibility. A high index of suspicion based on epidemiological and clinical data is essential not only to make accurate diagnosis and provide adequate treatment but also because Brucella spp. requires special handling to prevent unintentional exposure.
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Ochrobactrum anthropi -Caused Osteomyelitis in the Foot Mimicking a Bone Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature
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A case of Ochrobactrum anthropi-induced septic shock and infective endocarditis
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