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Membrane Technology for Catalytic Processes in Ionic Liquids
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A biphasic ionic liquid (IL) and compressed carbon dioxide system has a number of advantages for efficient homogeneous catalysis. The hydrogenation of 1-octene catalyzed by rhodium-triphenylphosphine was used as a model reaction to determine the effects of CO2 pressure in a biphasic ionic liquid/CO2 system with 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis- (trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide ([HMIm][Tf2N]). For reactions that were limited by mass transfer, the presence of CO2 tended to increase the apparent reaction rate. However in well agitated systems and at constant moles of 1-octene, increased pressure of CO2 decreased the apparent reaction rate. Detailed phase equilibrium studies were conducted to determine volume expansion of the IL phase with CO2 and the phase behavior and mixture critical points between the reactant, product and CO2. The volume expansion decreases the concentration (molarity) of the reactant. In addition, the mixture critical points indicate that at higher pressures, the reactant can partition away from the IL phase. Proper understanding of the phase equilibria is needed to engineer biphasic IL/CO2 reaction systems for efficient processes.