Multiband millimeter wave antenna array for 5G communication

Abstract

This paper presents a simulated design of millimeter wave square patch antenna 1×6 array on silicon and Roger RO4003 substrate for prominent multiple bands i.e. 58GHz-60GHz, 65GHz-68GHz, 72GHz-77GHz. Designed antenna can serve 5G cellular network as well as advance device-to-device (D2D) network which is special feature of 5G communication system to reduce end-to-end latency and to implement Mission Critical Push-To-Talk Communication (MCPTT) and Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) Communication. Designed antenna has peakgain of 9 dB and very high efficiency. Return loss for given bands at their resonant frequencies are as low as -35dB and total bandwidth of 9.57 GHz. Silicon is used under feeding network to enhance the bandwidth and reduce the size of feeding network and low dielectric material under patch to reduce dielectric loss thus maintaining the efficiency. Symmetrical parallel feeding network is used to enhance gain. Inset fed with quarter wave transformers are used for feeding and matching, along with maintaining the conformity. A novel design is used to kill the spurious radiation due to feed network, thus shaping the radiation pattern for cellular application. Overall size of antenna is 6.7mm×30mm×1.2mm compatible with miniaturized devices and is printable.

Full text

International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES–16)
978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
Multiband Millimeter Wave Antenna
Array for 5G Communication
Prithu Roy
1
, R.K. Vishwakarma
2
, Akshay Jain
3
and Rashmi Singh
4
Abstract—This paper presents a simulated design of
millimeter wave square patch antenna 1X6 array on silicon
and Roger RO4003 substrate for prominent multiple bands
i.e. 58GHz-60GHz, 65GHz-68GHz, 72GHz-77GHz.Designed
antenna can serve 5G cellular network as well as advance
device-to-device (D2D) network which is special feature of
5G communication system to reduce end-to-end latency and
to implement Mission Critical Push-To-Talk Communication
(MCPTT) and Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) Communication.
Designed antenna has peakgain of 9 dB and very high
efficiency. Return loss for given bands at their resonant
frequencies are as low as -35dB and total bandwidth of 9.57
GHz. Silicon is used under feeding network to enhance the
bandwidth and reduce the size of feeding network and low
dielectric material under patch to reduce dielectric loss thus
maintaining the efficiency. Symmetrical parallel feeding
network is used to enhance gain. Inset fed with quarter wave
transformers are used for feeding and matching, along with
maintaining the conformity. A novel design is used to kill the
spurious radiation due to feed network, thus shaping the
radiation pattern for cellular application. Overall size of
antenna is 6.7mmX30mmX1.2mm compatible with
miniaturized devices and is printable.
1
Keywords: 5G, Millimeter Wave Antenna, Array,
Device-to-device Network, Antenna on Silicon, LOS
(Line of Sight), Milimeter Waves (mmWaves), High Gain
I. I
NTRODUCTION
5G wireless network marks a beginning of new era of
digital world with the advent of these technology new
features like Internet of Things (IoT), Advance D2D
network will be introduced which will revolutionize how
we do things. The unprecedented latencies offered by 5G
Networks will enable users to indulge in gigabit speed
immersive services regardless of geographical and time
dependent factors. [1] By the year 2020, Nokia and
Samsung forecast a 10,000x growth in traffic on wireless
networks with virtually no latency for content access. [2]
Requirement of large bandwidth is the key problem of 5G
wireless network which can be fulfilled by huge
bandwidth inmm wave band 30GHz to 300GHz. [3]
Advance D2D network is new feature of 5G
communication system that leads to direct connection
between devices without intermediate service provider
link. It requires large bandwidth for Line of Sight
1,2,3,4
Electronics & Communication Dept., Jaypee University of
Engineering & Technology, GUNA, Madhya Pradesh, India
E-mail: 1prithurajrai@gmail.com
communication which is available in millimeter wave
band but lower frequency of this band sufferssevere
attenuation due to atmospheric oxygen. Antenna arrays are
promising especially for non-line-of-sight channels where
significant gain is necessary to satisfy link budgets
without sacrificing spectral efficiency. [1]
Fig. 1: Atmospheric Attenuation in dB/km across mm Wave Band. Green
Area Marks the Region with Low Attenuation to Oxygen,
i.e. Comparable to Free Space [3]
The blue circle in Fig.1 is 60GHz band which is
assigned for IEEE 802.11ad is better when is used for
device-to-device close range networks as these specific
high attenuation mm Wave bands will be suited for local
or personal area networks like “whisper radios” with
coverage distances constrained to few meters [4]– [6].
Whereas green circle is 73GHz band which shows great
promise for cellular communication networks owing to
lower attenuation due to atmospheric oxygen shown by
experiments in [7].Some advance antenna for 5Ghas been
discussed in [8] focusing on multi antenna transmission
only for cellular communication.60GHz integrated
antenna has been designed in [9] with circular polarization
and in [10] for Wi-Gig application. 79 GHz integrated
antenna has been designed in [11] with low gain of -
1.31dB. The design process of antenna has certain
challenges in this band like inaccurate measure of
dielectric constant, noise due to connectors and fabrication
errors. [12]
Our design focuses firstly on 60 GHz band antenna
array for D2D networks as path loss at this frequency is
very high and does not fit for cellular communication.
Implementing this unlicensed spectrum for short range,
peer-to-peer and LOS networks is more suitable. Secondly

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by slotting the antenna for inset feed multiple resonances
are generated, since slots also resonates. This method has
been used to produce multiple bands in E-band (73GHz)
for 5G cellular communication. Thirdly a superstrate
technique has been used to constraint spurious radiation.
II. A
NTENNA
C
ONFIGURATION
The configuration of antenna illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2: Model of Simulated Antenna Array
Dimension of patch is calculated from [13]
L=

∗ (∗)
(1)
‘μeff’is effective permeability which is assumed unity
in this case. ‘ϵeff’ is effective permittivity calculated from
2. ‘fr’ is resonant frequency and ‘c’ speed of light.
ϵeff =
()

+
()




(2)W=6h +2L (2)
‘ϵr’ is dielectric constant of substrate, ‘h’ is height of
substrate and W is width of ground plane, but value lower
than ‘W’ can be taken to minimize the size.
A. Substrate
T
ABLE
1
Substrate Parameters
Substrate Dielectric constant Dimension (LXBXH) in mm
Roger RO4003 3.55 3.5 X 30 X 1.1
Silicon 11.9 3.2 X 30 X 1.1
Patch has been designed on Roger RO4003 substrate.
Array feed network has been designed on silicon substrate
to reduce the size of quarter wave transformer strip and
enhance the bandwidth. Antennaon silicon uses silicon as
dielectric material but performance degrades i.e. lower
efficiency and gain [14], [15] so lower dielectric medium
for patch is used. Optimum dielectric for good
performance is 2.43 [12], but using slightly higher value
does not degrade performance much.
B. Patch
Patch has been designed on rectangular 6.7 X 30
(in mm) ground plane of height 0.1mm. All the patch
parameters are calculated for 60GHz resonant frequency.
Patch has been considered as sheet with perfect electrical
boundaries for simulation in HFSS.
T
ABLE
2
Patch Dimension
(mm)
W W1 W2 Wf Lf Wt Lt
1.37 0.435 0.435 0.42 0.855 0.302 1.25
Fig. 3: Patch Geometry
C. Feeding Technique
Microstrip lineinset-feeding technique has been used
to make antenna conformal and printable. Impedance
point on patch of 120Ω has been calculated from
[16].Feed pointY0comes out to be 0.542mm. Lf length
strip (impedance=120Ω) has been protruded out from
patch to Lt (impedance=77.5Ω) the quarter wave
transformer, so that entire patch remains on lower
dielectric substrate whereas transformer along with 50Ω
feed-line remain on higher dielectric substrate i.e. silicon.
Lf and Ltis calculated from [13] for given dielectric and
impedance.50Ω feed line of width 0.9753mm and length
30mm has been used to feed each antenna simultaneously
and symmetrically. The source has been connected at the
center of the line through another square patch of side
0.9753mm. This new type of feeding techniques gives
good performances and impedance matching for large
range of frequencies with comparatively lesser area then
corporate and series array feed network.
III. S
IMUL ATION
R
ESULTS
The designed antenna shows multiple radiation bands
due to slots made for inset feed. Out of many bands six
major bands are enlisted that can be used for D2D
network, Internet of Things and cellular uplink as well as
downlink of 5G communication system. Fig.4 shows the
six major bands, bands A, B, C i.e. 58-68.8 GHz shows
total of 4.84 GHz bandwidth that can be used for Wi-Gig
[17] or D2D network. Band D, E, F i.e. 72-77GHz band is
used to implement wireless and backhaul network [18].
Return loss parameter and resonant frequency for each of
these bands is specified in Table 3
High gain is striking feature of this antenna design 60
GHz and 67GHz band show peak gain of 9 dB whereas

104  International Conference on E merging Trends in Electric al, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICET EESES –16)
978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
other bands have gain>0dB, which is far better than design
in [10],[11]. Antenna for band A, B, C shows high gain,
desired for D2D network since antenna need to be
directive in this band whereas band D, E, F are having low
gain value as they are meant for cellular communication
with Omni-directional radiation pattern i.e. not being
biased to any specific direction
Fig. 4: Return Loss (dB) vs. Frequency (GHz)
T
ABLE
3
Resonant
Frequency
(f
r)
(GHz)
Bandwidth
(GHz)
Return loss
(in dB)
Band
(GHz)
59.63 2.14 -34.65 58.04-60.15
65.8 0.5 -22.43 65.5-66
67.6 2.2 -13.19 66.60-68.80
72.08 1.19 -15.39 71.9-73.09
75.78 2.59 -34 73.64-76.23
77 0.95 -21.42 76.35-77.30
Fig. 5: VSW R vs. Frequency (GHz )
Fig. 6: Radiation Patt ern
Fig. 7: Gain (dB) vs. Fr equency (GHz)
IV. C
OMPARISON
For array Microstrip line feed network has been used
but it suffers spurious radiation, i.e. feed lines radiate and
distort the radiation pattern as encircled in fig.8 but on
covering the feed network with high dielectric material
this spurious radiation can be inhibited. Fig.9 shows by
covering the feed network with a 1mm high silicon
superstrate, radiation pattern approaches Omni-directional
pattern as number of nulls are reduced without degrading
the gain performance. Omnidirectional pattern is desirable
for cellular communication which can be generated by
Superstrate technique
Fig. 8: Electric Field Vector on Patch
Fig. 9: E Field Pattern (θ=90) at 73 GHz of (A) Normal Design (B) Feed
Network Cover ed by Silicon
Increasing the height of superstrate or the dielectric
constant will further constrain the field over feed-line
inside the dielectric eradicating the spurious radiation but
will come at the cost of increased height.
Spurious radiation

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V. C
ONCLUSION
This paper presents first ever work on antenna array
for 5G targeting both the D2D network as well as cellular
communication with very high gain for multiple bands.
Continuous spectrum of more than 1GHz in each band and
multiple separated bands provides spectrum for high speed
downlink and uplink. Omni-directional radiation pattern
has also been achieved by coating the feed-line with 1mm
silicon which constrained the undesirable spurious
radiation. Thedesigned antenna fulfills all the requirement
of 5G system, lesser fabrication steps, compact size and
conformal design makes it promising candidate for large
scale production. Use of silicon substrate reduces the cost
drastically so it also appeals for low cost features.
Challenges in this area are attenuation due to rain,
oxygen and shadowing.mm wave has adversary effect on
humaneyes prolong period of exposure causes itching and
burning sensation as reported in many experimental
studies. Lot of work is going on to mitigate these
problems in 73GHz and 60GHz band which is the future
of mmWave communication.
R
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