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Abstract
Four new species of Alboleptonia are described from Puerto Rico and new distribution records for Alboleptonia are noted for Puerto Rico and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Information from examination of the type collections of Alboleptonia aripoana, A. cyathiformis, and A. hyalodepas is discussed. Clarification of conflicting reports in the literature concerning the application of A. hyalodepas is presented and a lectotype is designated. Two new combinations are also made for Entoloma minutoalbum and E. talisporum. A key to the taxa of Alboleptonia occurring in and around the Caribbean region is also provided.
... One of the simplest and distinct type of basidiospores in Entoloma s.l. is described as cuboid and it is recognized by six, more or less equal, quadrangular faces, two of which are the facets forming a dihedral base, one adaxial facet, a pair of lateral facets meeting in the apical adaxial position and an abaxial face (Pegler & Young 1978. A review of the taxonomic literature on cuboid basidiospores, mostly observed in optical microscopy, found them referred to in the following ways as: 'cuboid' (Romagnesi 1941, 1956, Dennis 1953, 1961, Horak 1973, 1977a, 1977b, 1982, Noordeloos 1980, 1992, Pegler 1983, Courtecuisse 1986, Hongo 1990, Baroni & Lodge 1998, Baroni & Halling 2000, Eyssartier et al. 2001, Manimohan et al. 2002, Natarajan & Ravindran 2003, Wartchow 2006, Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007, Horak & Cheype 2008, Li et al. 2009, Noordeloos & Morozova 2010, Alves & Nascimento 2012, Largent et al. 2013a, He et al. 2015, Pradeep et al. 2016, Ediriweera et al. 2017; 'four-angled' where the four angles represent a rectangle in profile view (also called 'quadrate' or 'tetrahedral', Baker & Dale 1951, Hesler 1967, Horak 1976, 1977a, 1977b, 1982, Largent & Miller 1986, Largent 1994Halling & Mueller 2005, Largent et al. 2008, Aime et al. 2010, Anil Raj & Manimohan 2012, Pradeep et al. 2012, Coimbra et al. 2013, Largent et al. 2013a, 'cuboid-stellate' (Saccardo 1887, Coimbra et al. 2013, 'cuboid-cruciform' (Singer 1973, Horak & Desjardin 1993, 'quadrangular' (Saccardo 1891, Singer 1965, 'quadrate to rhomboidal' (Hesler 1967, Horak 1973, Eyssartier et al. 2001, 'twinnedtetrahedral' (Stevenson 1962, Horak 1973 and 'octahedral' (Murrill 1911). Thus, worldwide there are more than 120 species of the Entolomataceae described as having cuboid or cuboid-like basidiospores. ...
The generic or subgeneric delimitation by morphology of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is often based on the habit and external features of the basidiomata, the hyphal arrangement of the pileus surface and the shape of the basidiospores, which possess either bumps or undulate-pustules forming short ridges, or longitudinal ridges or are obviously angular with four to nine angles in profile view. Here, we examine the basidiospore shape of species in the /Entoloma clade described as cuboid to evaluate its importance in taxonomy using both phylogenetic and detailed analyses of the shape with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses support the placement of species with cuboid basidiospores into one of two clades. Based on this separation, two new subgenera of Entoloma are proposed: Cuboeccilia with an omphalinoid habit and fusoid cystidia and Cubospora which has a mycenoid to tricholomatoid habit and clavate, rarely fusoid cheilocystidia.
A new material collected and the holotype of Entoloma azureoviride were studied. The analysis of these specimens showed some discrepancies with the protologue which are discussed here. The diagnostic characters of this species are the following: fibrillose pileus, blue lamellae, cuboid spores, and abundant oleiferous hyphae in the lamellae trama. It was also observed a peculiar pseudoparenchymatous pileus trama consisting of inflated elements up to 25 µm in diam., that become more elongated towards the hymenium. A comparison of E. azureoviride with other species with blue tints in the subgenus Inocephalus and a discussion about its morphological peculiarity are provided.
Some interesting fungi were collected during recent expeditions to Atlantic Forest fragments. Entoloma aripoanum is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Crepidotus flavus, E. tucuchense, and Lepiota erinana are new records from Brazil's northeast region, and Trogia cantharelloides is new from Pernambuco State. Drawings and descriptions of the species are provided.
Three new species of Entoloma (E. suaveolens, E. crassum, and E. aurantioquadratum) are described, illustrated, and discussed based on collections made from Kerala State, India.
Claudopus rupestris, C. viscosus, and C. minutoincanus are described as new to science. All three species produce abundant, white basidiomata on the underside of granitic rocks and have a pileus that is sticky to the touch. Claudopus rupestris has unusual basidiospores, some of which are 4-angled. Claudopus viscosus and C. minutoincanus possess subcapitulate to capitulate pileocystidia and are morphologically similar to Entoloma jahnii of Europe.
Ten Pouzarella species are described from New South Wales and northern Queensland, Australia, of which eight (P. albostrigosa, P. farinosa, P. fusca, P. lageniformis, P. pamiae , P. parvula , P. pilocystidiata and P. setiformis) are new to science and two (P. debilis and P. lasia) are reported for the first time for Australia. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU), two variable domains (D1, D2) of the 25-28S large subunit rDNA (LSU), and a portion of the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase (RPB2) gene support separation of these species into three clades. Morphological characters common to these clades are described, and a key to species based on the characters that are distinct between clades is included.
Keys to the genera of rhodophylloid fungi as well as infrageneric taxa of Entoloma, Nolanea and Leptonia are provided. The following taxa are described as new to science: Entoloma sections Typodochroa and Trachyosporum; Nolanea section Nolanea subsections Cystomarginata, Efibulatae, Fibulatae; Nolanea section Endochromonema subsection Efibulatae; Leptonia subgenus Paludocybe and all of its sections, Rhamphocystoteae, Albidicaules, Viridicaules, Roseicaules, and Cereicaules; Leptonia subgenus Leptonia section Lepidocybe. New concepts are given for Entoloma section Entoloma, Nolanea section Nolanea, and Leptonia subgenus Leptonia as well as section Leptonia.
An incomplete list of species which have been collected on the west coast is provided for every taxon and a new species, Nolanea cystomarginata, is described. Nolanea hirtipes is used for the first time as the type of Nolanea. Finally, new combinations or synonyms are Leptonia watsonii (= Agaricus watsonii), Nolanea cuneata (= Nolanea holoconiota), Leptonia subgenus Leptonia section Leptonidei (= Entoloma section Leptonidei) and Entoloma platyphylloides (= Rhodophyllus platyphylloides). Entoloma section Nolanidei is emended.
Leptonia sericella (Fr.) Barbier is proposed as the type of a new genus, Alboleptonia. Detailed descriptions of species and infraspecific taxa are provided, along with a key for their identification. To supplement classical macroscopic and microscopic observations, fresh carpophores were subjected to various macrochemical tests, and dried carpophores to simple paper chromatographic separation of 70%-ethanol-soluble compounds. Reactions to macrochemical tests and the presence of several uncommon Ehrlich-positive compounds in Alboleptonia, but not in other rhodophylloid fungi, add chemotaxonomic weight to the new genus.
Two new species are described in Rhodocybe, R. rhizogena and R. brunnescens. Two new transfers into Rhodocybe, R. stipitata and R. verrucosa, from Claudopus and Rhodophyllus, respectively, are also proposed. New morphological information is added to the description of R. stipitata. Rhodocybe alutacea is discussed, illustrated and now reported for North Carolina. Several other taxa of Rhodocybe are also discussed.
The agaricoid Fungi from Cuba described by W. A. Murrill and F. S. Earle are revised on the basis of modern taxonomic criteria. A total of 82 species have been examined microscopically, and the microstructure is described and illustrated. The following new combinations are proposed: Agrocybe musae (Pholiotina musae Earle); Collybia sulcatipes (Marasmius sulcatipes Murr.); C. underwoodii (Marasmius underwoodii Murr.); Crepidotus subelatinus (Geopetalum subelatinum Murr.); Hygrocybe earlei (Hydrocybe earlei Murr.); and Marasmiellus earlei (Omphalina earlei Murr.).
The agaricoid Fungi from Cuba described by Berkeley & Curtis (1868) are revised on the basis of modern taxonomic criteria. A total of 188 species have been examined microscopically, and the microstructure is described and illustrated. The following new combinations are proposed: Claudopus arachnoideus (Marasmius arachnoideus Berk. & Curtis); Collybia atroviridis (Marasmius atroviridis Berk. & Curtis); Flammulaster scobifer (Agaricus scobifer Berk. & Curtis); Gerronema sanguineum (Omphalia sanguineus Sacc.); Hydropus putredinus (Marasmius putredinus Berk. & Curtis); Lepista purpurascens (Hiatula purpurascens Berk. & Curtis); Mycena subglobosa (Marasmius subglobosus Berk. & Curtis); and Rhodoarrhenia pensilis (Laschia pensilis Berk. & Curtis).
Revised, illustrated descriptions are provided for the species of Entolomataceae known to occur in India or Sri Lanka. A full synonymy is included and keys are provided to all taxa. Nolanea maderaspatana is described as new, and the following combinations are proposed: Alboleptonia stylophora, Leptonia elaphines, L. incongrua, L. iodnephes, Nolanea brunnea, N. cystopus, N. mazophora, Pluteus argilophyllus, Pouzaromyces lasius, P. myodermus, Rhodocybe retroflexa and R. subgilva.
Leptonia sericella (Fr.) Barbier is proposed as the type of a new genus, Alboleptonia. Detailed descriptions of species and infraspecific taxa are provided, along with a key for their identification. To supplement classical macroscopic and microscopic observations, fresh carpophores were subjected to various macrochemical tests, and dried carpophores to simple paper chromatographic separation of 70%-ethanol-soluble compounds. Reactions to macrochemical tests and the presence of several uncommon Ehrlich-positive compounds in Alboleptonia, but not in other rhodophylloid fungi, add chemotaxonomic weight to the new genus.
Keys to the genera of rhodophylloid fungi as well as infrageneric taxa of Entoloma, Nolanea and Leptonia are provided. The following taxa are described as new to science: Entoloma sections Typodochroa and Trachyosporum; Nolanea section Nolanea subsections Cystomarginata, Efibulatae, Fibulatae; Nolanea section Endochromonema subsection Efibulatae; Leptonia subgenus Paludocybe and all of its sections, Rhamphocystoteae, Albidicaules, Viridicaules, Roseicaules, and Cereicaules; Leptonia subgenus Leptonia section Lepidocybe. New concepts are given for Entoloma section Entoloma, Nolanea section Nolanea, and Leptonia subgenus Leptonia as well as section Leptonia. An incomplete list of species which have been collected on the west coast is provided for every taxon and a new species, Nolanea cystomarginata, is described. Nolanea hirtipes is used for the first time as the type of Nolanea. Finally, new combinations or synonyms are Leptonia watsonii (= Agaricus watsonii), Nolanea cuneata (= Nolanea holoconiota), Leptonia subgenus Leptonia section Leptonidei (= Entoloma section Leptonidei) and Entoloma platyphylloides (= Rhodophyllus platyphylloides). Entoloma section Nolanidei is emended.
Four new species of Entoloma are described from material collected from the island of Hawaii: E. nanosordidum, E. fragilissimum, E. purum, and E. kipukae. Entoloma stylophorum is reported for the first time from the Central Pacific. All new species are illustrated and compared with allied taxa.
Fourteen species in the Hygrophoraceae are described from the El Verde Research Area of the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. Three new species of Hygrocybe are described: H. prieta (Sect. Eirmae), H. melleofusca (Sect. Neohygrocybe) and H. viridula (Sect. Coccineae). A new variety, Camarophyllus umbrimts var. clarofulvus is described, and the new combination Hygrocybe subcaespitosa (Murr.) comb. nov. (Hydrocybe subcaespitosa Murr.) is proposed.
A correlation of a copy of Ridgway’s Color Standards and Nomenclature with the Munsell Book of Color is presented. This key will prolong the usefulness of data already recorded in Ridgway terms, but is not recommended for making new observations in terms of specific color names.
Two new species are described in Rhodocybe, R. rhizogena and R. brunnescens. Two new transfers into Rhodocybe, R. stipitata and R. verrucosa, from Claudopus and Rhodophyllus, respectively, are also proposed. New morphological information is added to the description of R. stipitata. Rhodocybe alutacea is discussed, illustrated and now reported for North Carolina. Several other taxa of Rhodocybe are also discussed.
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