Micrometrical studies on the gizzard of Kadaknath fowl

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Introduction
Kadaknath is a famous Indian poultry breed and pride of Madhya
Pradesh. It is also known as “Kala Masi” because of the black color
meat, skin, tongue, beak, legs and intestines. So it requires a continuous
research to add scientic inputs. Digestive system is vital which needs
to be explored starting from its basic structural peculiarities and as
there is paucity of literature pertaining to the micrometrical studies
of gizzard of Kadaknath breed of fowl. Therefore, this study was
embarked to act as base line data for this breed for further research.
Materials and methods
The present study was conducted on Kadaknath breed of fowl
in the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary &
Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar. The birds were procured from Instructional Poultry Farm,
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The
birds were divided into four groups (day old, 7days, 28days and
112days) with six birds in each age group. The birds were sacriced by
severing the carotid artery and jugular veins. Feathers were removed
manually and the gizzards were carefully dissected out. Tissue samples
were collected and processed in routine manner and slides were
prepared. Then the slides were stained with H&E stain. Slides were
observed under compound microscope at different magnications.
For each slide 10 observations were taken and the average of these
micrometrical observations were recorded and presented in table form
of Mean±Se. In the present study thickness of inner cornied layer,
tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica serosa,
epithelial cell height, breadth and nucleus diameter was recorded.
Results and discussion
The thickness of the inner cornied layer of the gizzard in day old,
7, 28 and 112days old birds was 184.5±18.595µm, 276±20.666µm,
368±15.567µm, and 411±23.872µm respectively (Table 1). Results
from the current study are (in agreement or not in line with) Ahmed
et al.1 who reported the thickness of keratinized layers of gizzard of
Japanese quail during 1,15,30,45days were 136.55±30.12, 223.07±42,
318±17.12, 336±15.12µm respectively. In another study, Kausar et
al.,2 reported the thickness of keratin layer in Japanese quail during 4
weeks, 8 weeks and above 8 weeks were 134.43±7.89, 164.43±12.75
and 201.63±41.42µm respectively.
The thickness of the tunica mucosa of gizzard in day old, 7, 28 and
112days old birds was 300.5±12.028µm, 319±11µm, 459±27.826µm,
and 634±26.381µm respectively (Table 1). The results are similar to
Ahmed et al.,1 reported the thickness of gizzard glands of Japanese
quail during 1,15,30,45days were 301.41±30.32, 410.49±43.10,
532.81±23.12, 541.82±21.43µm respectively.
Int J Avian & Wildlife Biol. 2018;3(4):259‒260. 259
© 2018 Das et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
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Micrometrical studies on the gizzard of Kadaknath
fowl
Volume 3 Issue 4 - 2018
Sukanta Das, Dhote BS, Snehangsu Sinha
Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, India
Correspondence: Sukanta Das, Department of Anatomy,
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, India,
Email sukanta.23@gmail.com
Received: May 21, 2018 | Published: July 02, 2018
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess various micrometrical readings of different layers
in the gizzards of Kadaknath breed of fowl at Department of Anatomy, College of
Veterinary Sciences, Pantnagar. The study used 24 birds, divided in age groups of
(day old, 7, 28 and 112days old) with 6 birds in each age group. Gizzard samples
were collected and processed for paraffin sections and slides were stained with H&E
stain and viewed at different magnifications. It has been found that the thickness of
the different layers were maximum in 112days old whereas it was minimum in day
old birds, indicating that the thickness of different layers also increased as the age of
the birds advanced due to continuous development. Micrometry of epithelial cell and
nucleus diameter reveals that there is less variation in height, width and diameter with
the advancement of age.
International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology
Research Article Open Access
Table 1 Showing the thickness of various layers in various age groups
Name of the layer
Age groups
0Day 7days 28days 112days
Inner Cornied Layer 184.5±18.59 276±20.66 368±15.56 411±23.872
Tunica Mucosa 300.5±12.02 319±11 459±27.826 634±26.381
Tunica Submucosa 41±4.268 78.6±4.52 158.55±8.45 198.75±21.03
Tunica Serosa 23.1±2.350 36.15±3.582 50.25±3.598 81.5±9.945

Micrometrical studies on the gizzard of Kadaknath fowl 260
Copyright:
©2018 Das et al.
Citation: Das S, Dhote BS, Sinha S. Micrometrical studies on the gizzard of Kadaknath fowl. Int J Avian & Wildlife Biol. 2018;3(4):259‒260.
DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2018.03.00097
The thickness of the tunica submucosa of gizzard in day old,
7, 28 and 112days old birds was 41±4.268µm, 78.6±4.522µm,
158.55±8.453µm, and 198.75±21.033µm respectively (Table 1).
The thickness of the tunica serosa of gizzard in day old,7,28 and 112
old birds was 23.1±2.350µm, 36.15±3.582µm, 50.25±3.598µm, and
81.5±9.945µm respectively (Table 1). In the present investigation, it
was observed that with the age advances there was an increase in the
dimension of various layers of gizzard of Kadaknath fowl which is in
agreement with Ahmed et al.1 in Japanese quail and Lambate et al.,3
in broiler birds.
The average height of the epithelial cell of the gizzard mucosa in
day old, 7, 28 and 112days old birds was 7.62±0.471µm, 7.7±0.478µm,
9.35±0.605µm, and 10.6±0.515µm respectively (Table 2). In their
study, Ahmed et al. (2011) reported the height of gizzard glands
epithelium of Japanese quail during 1,15,30,45days were 6±2.12,
9±1.90, 14±2.43, 17±1.90µm respectively. In another study, Kausar
et al.,2 found the height of gizzard epithelium in Japanese quail during
4weeks, 8 weeks and above 8 weeks as 188.57±7.18, 195.86±5.2 and
220.13±24.54µm respectively. The average breadth of the epithelial
cell of the gizzard mucosa in day old, 7, 28 and 112days old birds
was 4.51±0.404µm, 4.6±0.4µm 5.01±0.439µm, and 6.76±0.420µm,
respectively (Table 2). The average nucleus diameter of the gizzard
epithelium in day old, 7, 28 and 112days old birds was 4.92±0.370µm,
5.03±0.257µm, 5.97±0.468µm, and 6.13±0.381µm respectively
(Table 2). The increase in the epithelial dimension in the present
investigation indicated higher activity with advancement in age.4–10
Table 2 Showing the Height, Breadth and Nucleus diameter in various age
groups
Mucosal
epithelium
Age groups
Day old 7days 28days 112days
Height 7.62±0.471 7.7±0.478 9.35±0.605 10.6±0.515
Breadth 4.51±0.404 4.6±0.40 5.01±0.439 6.76±0.420
Nucleus
Diameter 4.92±0.370 5.03±0.257 5.97±0.468 6.13±0.381
Acknowledgements
None.
Conicts of interest
Author declares that there is no conict of interest.
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