Content uploaded by Henrique Mallmann Büneker
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Henrique Mallmann Büneker on Jul 24, 2018
Content may be subject to copyright.
Phytotaxa 362 (1): 097–104
http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/
Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Eric Gouda: 27 Jun. 2018; published: 23 Jul. 2018
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.8
97
Dyckia pampeana, a new species of Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae) from Pampa
grasslands of Brazil and Uruguay
HENRIQUE MALLMANN BÜNEKER1, 2, KELEN PUREZA SOARES2 & LEOPOLDO WITECK-NETO1
1Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: henriquemallmannbuneker@googlemail.com; E-mail: lwiteck@gmail.com
2Herbário do Departamento de Ciências Florestais (HDCF), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi,
97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: kpsoares@gmail.com
Abstract
Dyckia pampeana Büneker, a new species of Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae) from the Pampa grasslands of Brazil and
Uruguay, is hereby described and illustrated. Data on habitat, ecology, etymology, geographical distribution, morphological
affinities and status of conservation according to the IUCN criteria are provided.
Key words: Monocot, taxonomy, Dyckia remotiflora group, Rio Grande do Sul, Durazno, Río Negro, Rivera, Soriano,
Tacuarembó
Introduction
In the 30th parallel southernmost, the temperate climate of South America gave rise to a unique kind of vegetation
formation: the Pampa grasslands, where a predominantly herbaceous vegetation grows. The designation “Pampa” in
the phytogeographic scope has already been treated in different ways. Currently in Brazil, the Pampa name is accepted
as a Biome (IBGE 2004), coinciding with the wider delimitation of Province made by Cabrera & Wilink (1980). This
vegetation covers about 700.000 km² of the southernmost Brazil, the entire territory of Uruguay and a large part of the
eastern portion of Argentinian territory. Studies in the Pampa floristic diversity have placed this vegetation among the
richest species communities in the world (Overbeck et al. 2007).
The Bromeliaceae diversity in the Pampa grasslands was initially cataloged by Otto & Dietrich (1833), Koch
(1874), Mez (1895, 1896, 1919, 1935) and Spegazzini (1901) mainly from the collection specimens sent to Europe
by the naturalist Friedrich Sellow, after 1821. However until the mid-2000s, there is no significant increase in the
Bromeliaceae knowledge for this region, except for few studies focused on floristics, which did not reveal many
taxonomic novelties (e.g. Cabrera 1968; Smith 1972; Smith & Downs 1974; Winkler 1982; Berhouet & Riaño 2008).
Among Bromeliaceae, the Dyckia Schult. & Schult.f. (1830: 65) is the second richest genus in species number in
the Pampa biome, only behind of Tillandsia Linnaeus (1753: 286) (Büneker et al. 2014, 2015b, 2015c; Rossado et al.
2018). After 2000, some Dyckia species with very restricted distribution have been described from Pampa biome of
Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil (e.g. D. domfelicianensis Strehl (2004: 30), D. julianae Strehl (2004: 27), D.
jonesiana Strehl (2008: 8), D. vicentensis Strehl (2008: 13), D. waechteri Strehl (2008: 15) and D. pontesii Büneker, L.
Witeck & K. Soares (2015a: 500)), however the fields with shallow and clayey soils of the southwest of the Brazilian
state of Rio Grande do Sul and western Uruguay were little explored. Field expeditions to this region revealed a new
species of Dyckia now described and illustrated.
Material and Methods
Specimens of Dyckia pampeana were collected in the Pampa grasslands of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) for laboratory
study, cultivation and herborization. The living specimens were included in the living collection of the Botanical Garden
BÜNEKER ET AL.
98 • Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press
of Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The morphological variations
of the species were observed in habitat and cultivated specimens. The quantitative and qualitative morphobiometric
data were determined in situ from 10 random individuals of three populations of the Rio Grande do Sul state of which
typi specimens were selected. Measurements of flowers and floral parts were taken from the second or third flower
from the base of the inflorescence, taking into account that the basal flowers are bigger than the apical ones. The
terminology used in the description follows Smith & Downs (1974) with adaptations proposed by Scharf & Gouda
(2008), Forzza (2001) and Bernardello et al. (1991). The photographs were taken from plants in natural habitats, and
the drawings were based on living specimen. The conservation status is based on the IUCN (2016) criteria. The points
on the map represent populations and were obtained through expeditions and photographic reports of other researchers.
For the elaboration of the map we used the UTM projection system and Datum SIRGAS 2000.
Taxonomy
Dyckia pampeana Büneker sp. nov., Figs. 1A–F, 2B–G and 4B.
Species morfologice proxima Dyckiae remotiflorae et Dyckiae leptostachyae. A prima faciliter differt petalis fulvis (vs. aurantiacis)
et staminibus exsertis vel antheris partialiter exsertis (vs. staminibus inclusis). A secunda differt minori longitudine laminarum
foliarum (6–13.5 vs. 28–47 cm), corolla trigona (vs. tubiformis) et petalis colore fulva (vs. aurantiaca).
Type:—BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Quaraí, saxícola em afloramento rochoso, 218 m elevation, 30°10’59.38”S 56°02’56,24”W, 10
May 2014, H.M. Büneker 276, R.C. Pontes & L. Witeck, fl. cult. 11 December 2014 (holotype HDCF!).
Plant saxicolous or terrestrial, stoloniferous or rarely rhizomatous, flowering 32–83 cm high; rosette 5–12 cm high,
9.5–20 cm in diameter. Leaves 21–64 in number, the inner ones erect, the outer ones reflexed; sheaths ca. 1.5 × 2.5 cm,
suborbicular, white or bright greenish-white; blades 6–13.5 × 0.7–1.1 cm, very narrowly triangular, stiff, succulent,
arched; adaxial surface nearly flat to slightly concave, green or purplish, sparsely to densely lepidote; abaxial surface
convex, longitudinally finely nerved, subdensely white lepidote with trichomes arranged along the nerves, apex
terminating in a spine to 2.5 mm long, margins spinose-serrate; spines predominantly antrorse, concentrated in the
center-upper portion of the blade, ca. 2 mm long, thin, flexible, whitish at the base and brown or yellowish at the
apex. Inflorescence lateral, at the base of the rosette, erect; peduncle 24–37 cm long, 2.7–4.6 mm in diameter, stout,
terete, green, subglabrous to densely white floccose-tomentose; peduncle bracts polystichously arranged, the basal
ones sometimes foliaceous, erect, 2.3–4.5 cm long, the upper ones erect, shorter than the internodes, adpressed to the
peduncle, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–2.5 cm, triangular to elliptic-suborbicular, slightly pubescent, green at the base, yellowish-
brown at the upper part, slightly carinate at the apex, apex acuminate-attenuate, terminating in a spine, margins entire
or laxly serrulate, often with inconspicuous spines; fertile part of the inflorescence 17–34 cm long, simple, 9–26-
flowered, or paniculate of 1–7 short branches that sprout at the base during anthesis of the flowers of the main axis,
with a total of 24–45 flowers; branches 4–6.5 cm long, erect or suberect; rachis green, white floccose-tomentose,
trichomes concentrated below the bracts insertion; floral bracts 5–13 × 5–9 mm, ovate or broadly triangular to
suborbicular, adpressed to the flower, slightly carinate at the apex, base green, upper portion yellowish-brown,
subglabrous to sparsely white tomentose, shorter up to equaling the sepals, margins entire, apex shortly acuminate.
Flowers polystichously arranged, sessile, 1.3–1.9 cm long, suberect at anthesis; sepals 5–9 × 4.6–7.4 mm, ovate-
triangular, the base greenish, brown-yellow in the upper part, slightly carinate, sparsely tomentose-lepidote at the
base and along the central portion of the abaxial surface, apex acute to rounded; corolla trigonous; petals 1–1.4 ×
0.5–1 cm, obtrullate, unguiculate; the blades suberect to patent, carinate, revolute, yellow, glabrous, apex slightly
rounded-cuculate or emarginate; hypanthium ca. 0.5 mm long; stamens exserted or partially exserted (by a fraction of
the anthers); filaments ca. 1 cm long, 1–2 mm wide, yellowish-white, flat, straight, sublinear to triangular, free above
the hypanthium, the antesepalous ones adnate to the sepals for ca. 0.5 mm, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals
for 2–4 mm; anthers yellow, basally dorsifixed, narrowly triangular, recurved at the apex; pistil 7–13 mm long; ovary
4–6 × ca. 2 mm, greenish; style 3–6 mm long, yellowish-white; stigma conduplicate-spiral, stigma lobes 1–3 mm long;
ovules complanate with chalazal appendix conspicuously developed. Capsules ovoid, lustrous brown to black. Seeds
discoid, asymmetric, with appendix subfalciform.
DYCKIA PAMPEANA, A NEW SPECIES OF BROMELIACEAE Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 99
FIGURE 1. A–F. Dyckia pampeana Büneker. A. Vegetative appearance and part of the peduncle (Büneker 276 et al.). B. Branched fertile
part of the inflorescence (Büneker 276 et al.). C. Simple fertile part of the inflorescence (Büneker 271 et al.). C1. Basal portion. C2. Apical
portion. D. Abaxial view of flower with floral bract (Büneker 271 et al.). E. Side view of flower (Büneker 271 et al.). F. Section of a flower
(Büneker 150 et al.).
BÜNEKER ET AL.
100 • Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 2. A–G. Dyckia pampeana Büneker. A. Habitat. B. Clumps formed by vegetative propagation through stolons (Büneker 478
et al.). C. Rosette of an individual (Büneker 478 et al.). D. Specimens in habitat (Büneker 276 et al.). E. Inflorescence detail with 3 open
flowers (Büneker 271 et al.). F. Inflorescence branches detail (Büneker 150 et al.). G. Inflorescence fertile portion (Büneker 276 et al.).
DYCKIA PAMPEANA, A NEW SPECIES OF BROMELIACEAE Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 101
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Uruguaiana, 30°1’7.29”S
56°14’18.99”W, 16 December 2011, P.J.S. Silva Filho 1455 (ICN); 10 May 2014, H.M. Büneker 271, R.C. Pontes
& L. Witeck (HDCF); Quaraí, Estância Meu Campicho, Fundão, 30°22’34”S 55°23’42”W, 2 December 2010, G.A.
Dettke 486 et al. (RB); Rio Quaraí Mirim, December 1995, T. Strehl 1422 (HAS); December 1994, M. Hausen 10
(HAS); Quaraí Mirim, April 1995, A.D. Nilson 391 (HAS); entre Fazenda São Carlos e Cerro do Jarau, February 1996,
T. Strehl 1594 (HAS); Santana do Livramento, December 1999, A.D. Nilson s.n. (HAS 101063); área contestada,
26 December 2012, H.M. Büneker 150, R.C. Pontes & W.-R. Abraham (HDCF); Dom Pedrito, October 1992, T.
Strehl 1428 (HAS); São Francisco de Assis, January 1995, M. Hausen s.n. (HAS 101029). URUGUAY. Tacuarembó:
31°48’30.6”S 56°10’03.2”W, February 2009, H.F. Maia s.n., CRER Brasil 15 (HDCF).
Etymology:—The specific epithet “pampeana” refers to the Pampa Biome, or Pampean province, a phytogeographic
region where this species was discovered.
Distribution and habitat:—This new species grows on rocky outcrops (Figure 2A), on shallow soils (neosoils)
and clayey soils with basaltic origin of the “Serra Geral” formation in “campanha gaúcha” region. It is known from
the eastern portion of the Uruguay River basin, in the southernmost Pampa Biome grasslands in Brazil and Uruguay.
In Brazil, it was registered in the Rio Grande do Sul state, in the municipalities of Alegrete, Dom Pedrito (without
precise location, data not included in the map), Quaraí, São Francisco de Assis (idem), Santana do Livramento, and
Uruguaiana. In Uruguay this species was recorded in the Durazno, Río Negro, Rivera, Soriano, and Tacuarembó
departments (Figure 3).
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dyckia pampeana in Brazil and Uruguay.
Observations and discussion:—Dyckia pampeana (Figure 4B) is morphologically closely related to D.
leptostachya Baker (1884: 198) (Figure 4C) due its stoloniferous habit and sessile flowers, obtrullated petals, stamens
reaching the length of the petals or surpassing and free filaments above the hypanthium. It also differs from it by the
shorter leaf blades (6–13.5 vs. 28–47 cm), trigonous corolla (vs. tubiform), and petals with yellow coloration (vs.
orange).
BÜNEKER ET AL.
102 • Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press
Dyckia leptostachya can be easily confused with several species that belong to the morphological group of species
headed by D. remotiflora Otto & Dietrich (1833: 129), which includes D. pampeana, which is being reviewed by the
first author of this work. It is important to mention that several specimens of D. remotiflora are misnamed in collections
as D. leptostachya, being erroneously cited from the Brazilian southern Pampa in monographs like Flora Neotropica
(Smith & Downs 1974), Die Bromeliaceae von Rio Grande do Sul (Winkler 1979) and Flora Catarinense (Reitz
1983). However, D. leptostachya doesn’t occur in the Pampa, but only in the Cerrado, Chaco and Atlantic Rain Forest.
Smith & Downs (1974) broadened the taxonomical concept of D. leptostachya by means of the inclusion in it of many
synonyms. However these synonyms still require reevaluation because they present substantially discrepancies when
compared to the morphological boundaries originally conceived for this species. The identification problems in D.
remotiflora group can be evidenced in Bromelias del Uruguay (Berhouet & Riaño 2008), where specimens with yellow
petals (corresponding to D. pampeana and D. aff. pontesii) were identified as D. remotiflora var. montevidensis (Koch
1874: 4) Smith (1943: 108) based on Flora del Uruguay, Bromeliaceae (Smith 1972), reinforcing the necessity of a
taxonomic revision of this group. Originally described as a species (D. montevidensis Koch (1874: 4)), D. remotiflora
var. montevidensis seems to be conspecific with the typical variety, however the identity of D. remotiflora and its
varieties still need in-depth studies.
The distribution of D. pampeana overlap with that of D. remotiflora, which explains the confusions in their
identification, since both are found in similar habitat, and present similar habit and generally stoloniferous propagation.
Dyckia pampeana differs basically from D. remotiflora (Figure 4A) because it has yellow (vs. orange) petals and
exserted or partially exserted stamens (by a fraction of the anthers) (vs. stamens included). The new species can also
be compared to D. floribunda complex (which includes D. floribunda Grisebach (1879: 331), D. velascana Mez
(1894: 476), D. ferox Mez (1896: 511)) because of the floral morphology (shape and color of the petals and partially
exserted stamens), which is also a subject of study by the first author of this paper. However, D. pampeana has smaller
size when in bloom, with sessile flowers, and occurs in the Pampa. In contrast, the diversity center of D. floribunda
complex is predominantly in the Chaco, Puna, and “provincia del Monte” of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, in the
proximities of Andes mountain range. Their species are characterized by large sized and pedicellate flowers, a useful
and consistent character (i.e., presence or absence of flower pedicel) to distinguish species groups in Dyckia.
FIGURE 4. Comparison of inflorescences of three similar species. A. Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietrich (Büneker 371 et al.). B. Dyckia
pampeana Büneker (Büneker 271 et al.). C. Dyckia leptostachya Baker (Burle Marx s.n.).
Conservation Status:—Dyckia pampeana has a wide distribution with well preserved populations. Its habitat
has been converted by agriculture or silviculture, however the populations of this species have been kept relatively
preserved in the rocky outcrops or very shallow soils not suitable for crops. The only source of concern is the possible
DYCKIA PAMPEANA, A NEW SPECIES OF BROMELIACEAE Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 103
implantation of the conversion system of native fields destined to extensive cattle raising for fields cultivated with
winter grasses (mainly Lolium perenne Linnaeus (1753: 83)). This system of planting tolerates shallow soils, such as
those that serve as habitat for D. pampeana. In view of the above, the species can be placed in the LC (Least Concern)
category of the IUCN.
Acknowledgments
We thank the Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria and the coordinator of Technical course in
Landscaping, Marcelo Antônio Rodrigues, for project management of the bromeliads of Rio Grande do Sul; Rodrigo
Corrêa Pontes and Wolf-Rainer Abraham for the expeditions to the field that revealed diverse populations of the
new species; the professor of Latin Leila Maraschin for help with diagnosis; Pablo Berazategui for information on
populations of the new species in Uruguay; Regis Eduardo Bastian, Elton Leme, Jones Caldas da Silva and Andrés
Rossado for the constructive taxonomic discussions on the species of Dyckia; Adriane Avelhaneda Mallmann for
drawing up the distribution map of the new species; and Elton Leme, Elidio Guarçoni and the Editor Eric Gouda for
reviewing this article.
References
Baker, J.G. (1884) New Garden Plants. The Gardeners’ Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette 2: 198.
Berhouet, A.H.B. & Riaño, L.L. (2008) Bromelias del Uruguay. Librería Linardi y Risso, Montevideo, 217 pp.
Bernardello, L.M., Galetto, L. & Juliani, H.R. (1991) Floral nectar, nectary structure and pollinators in some Argentinean Bromeliaceae.
Annals of Botany 67: 401–411.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088156
Büneker, H.M., Witeck-Neto, L. & Soares, K.P. (2015a) Dyckia pontesii (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae), uma nova espécie do Rio Grande
do Sul, Brasil. Rodriguésia 66: 499–504.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566217
Büneker, H.M., Pontes, R.C. & Soares, K.P. (2014) Duas novas espécies de Tillandsia L., subgênero Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker
(Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) para a flora sul brasileira. Iheringia. Série Botânica 69: 89–96.
Büneker, H.M., Pontes, R.C. & Witeck-Neto, L. (2015b) Novos registros em Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) para o Rio
Grande do Sul, Brasil. Rodriguésia 66: 493–498.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566216
Büneker, H.M., Pontes, R.C., Witeck-Neto, L. & Soares, K.P. (2015c) Tillandsia leucopetala, a new species of Bromeliaceae from Rio
Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 202: 143–148.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.2.6
Cabrera, A.L. (1968) Bromeliaceae In: Cabrera, A.L. (Org.) Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Vol. 4. No. 1. Buenos Aires, pp.
448–459.
Cabrera, A.L. & Willink, A. (1980) Biogeografia de America Latina. Secretaria General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos,
Washington, 122 pp.
Forzza, R.C. (2001) Filogenia da tribo Puyeae Wittm. e revisão taxonômica do gênero Encholirium Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
(Pitcarnioideae-Bromeliaceae). Thesis for PhD, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 208 pp.
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1879) Symbolae ad floram Argentinam: Zweite Bearbeitung argentinischer Pflanzen. Abhandlungen der Königlichen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 24: 1–345.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9025
IBGE [Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística] (2004) Mapa de Biomas e de Vegetação do Brasil. Available from: ftp://geoftp.ibge.
gov.br/informacoes_ambientais/vegetacao/mapas/brasil/biomas.pdf (accessed 2 February 2017)
IUCN (2016) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. IUCN, Gland, 2016. 101 pp. Available from:
http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 21 December 2017)
Koch, K. (1874) Index seminum in horto botanico berolinensi anno 1873 collectorum. Appendix quarta ad indicem seminum horti botanici
Berolinenensis anni 1873, [s.n.]. Berlin, pp. 1–7.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Ed. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp.
Mez, C. (1895) Bromeliaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis. Vol. 3. No. 3. München, pp.
BÜNEKER ET AL.
104 • Phytotaxa 362 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press
464–502.
Mez, C. (1896) Bromeliaceae In: Candolle, A.P.P. de & Candolle, A.C.P. de (Eds.) Monographiae phanerogamarum. Vol. 9. Masson &
Cie., Paris, pp. 1–990.
Mez, C. (1919) Additamenta monographica 1919. Repertorium Specierum Novarum, Regni Vegetabilis 16: 65–79.
https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19190160502
Mez, C. (1935) Bromeliaceae. In: Engler, A. Das Pflanzenreich, Regni Vegetabilis Conspectus. Vol. 4. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–
682.
Otto, C.F. & Dietrich, A.G. (1833) Cultur und beschreibung der Dyckia remotiflora, einer pflanze aus der familie der Bromeliaceae.
Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 1: 129–131.
Overbeck, G.E., Müller, S.C., Fidelis, A., Pfadenhauer, J., Pillar, V.D., Blanco, C.C., Boldrini, I.I., Both, R. & Forneck, E.D. (2007)
Brazil’s neglected biome: The South Brazilian Campos. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 9: 101–116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2007.07.005
Reitz, R. (1983) Bromeliáceas e a malária-bromélia endêmica. In: Reitz, R (Ed.) Flora ilustrada catarinense. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues,
Itajaí, pp. 1–808.
Rossado, A.J., Donadío, S. & Bonifacino, J.M. (2018) Tillandsia uruguayensis (Tillandsioideae, Bromeliaceae), a new epilithic species
from Uruguay. Phytotaxa 345 (2): 133–142.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.2.4
Scharf, U. & Gouda, E.J. (2008) Bringing Bromeliaceae Back to Homeland Botany. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 58: 123–129.
Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) Classis VL, Hexandria. In: Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (Eds.) Systema Vegetabilium. Vol. 7. Pt.
2. Cottaem, Stuttgart, pp. 45–107.
Smith, L.B. (1943) Bromeliaceas novas ou interessantes do Brasil – II. Arquivos de Botânica do Estado de São Paulo 1: 101–157.
Smith, L.B. (1972) Bromeliaceae. Flora del Uruguay 4: 1–31.
Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1974) Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14: 1–662.
Spegazzini, C.L. (1901) Contribución al estudio de la flora del Tandil. [s.n.]. La Plata, pp. 1–60.
Strehl, T. (2004) Novas espécies de Bromeliaceae do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Vidalia 2: 19–25.
Strehl, T. (2008) New bromeliads, genus Dyckia, from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Bromeliaceae 42: 8–22.
Winkler, S. (1982) Die Bromeliaceae von Rio Grande do Sul, Südbrasilien. Documenta Naturae 3: 1–90.
