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New records of Ascomycetous fungi from Andaman Islands, India and their molecular sequence data
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Information on fungal diversity in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is meagre. We are investigating the ascomycetous fungal diversity colonizing decaying plant litter in Andaman Islands. Recent collections have yielded four new records of ascomycetes: Diaporthae phaseolorum, Eutypa flavovirens, Rhytidhysteron rufulum and Trichoderma peltatum. These species are reported in this paper supported with morphological and molecular sequencing analyses.
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This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
This article is the second in the Asian Journal of Mycology Notes series, wherein we report 50 new fungal collections distributed in two phyla, six classes, 23 orders and 38 families. The present study provides descriptions and illustrations for three new species (Acolium yunnanensis, Muyocopron cinnamomi and Thyrostroma ulmeum), 44 new host records and new geographical distributions and three new reference collections. All these introductions are supported by morphological data as well as the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. This article provides a venue to publish fungal collections with new sequence data, which is important for future studies. An accurate and timely report of new fungus-host or fungus-county records are essential for diagnostics, identification and management of economically significant fungal groups, especially the phytopathogens.
Niranjan M, Anupam D, Parida P, Sarma VV 2021-One new species and two new records of Xylarialean fungi from Andaman Islands, India. Abstract Information on the molecular diversity of the Xylarialean fungi from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is scarce. Xylarialean fungi are widely distributed in India, and studies revealed that two new records Hypomontagnella spongiphila and Nemania bipapillata, one new species Neoanthostomella samachedabeejae. In the phylogenetic tree generated by the ITS sequence, results were showing that three species good bootstrap support. In addition, the new species is compared with existing species in detail in the table. Microscopic and molecular studies support all these species.
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Actualmente, se reconocen 21 especies adscritas al género Rhytidhysteron. En México sólo se ha reportado Rhytidhysteron rufulum. El género se caracteriza por sus histerotecios naviculares a apoteciales, el borde es estriado o liso; los colores del epitecio varían de anaranjado-rojizo, amarillo, verde a negros y las ascosporas presentan tres septos longitudinales. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión taxonómica del género Rhytidhysteron en México, basada en caracteres macro y micromorfológicos.
Métodos:
Se realizaron diez exploraciones entre 2017 y 2019 en diversas regiones de México. Además, se revisaron los especímenes depositados en la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los ejemplares fueron estudiados, descritos y determinados de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología.
Resultados clave:
Se revisaron 381 especímenes pertenecientes al género Rhytidhysteron, de los cuales se determinaron cuatro especies: Rhytidhysteron neohysterinum, una nueva especie para la ciencia, R. neorufulum y R. thailandicum que son nuevos registros para el país, y R. rufulum previamente citado.
Conclusiones:
El género Rhytidhysteron tiene una alta diversidad de especies en México. La mayoría de los especímenes se han encontrado sobre ramas en descomposición, principalmente en géneros de la familia Fabaceae en bosque tropical caducifolio, lo que podría sugerir que este grupo de plantas representa el microhábitat al que las especies de Rhytidhysteron se han adaptado.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands constitute isolated group of five hundred and seventy-two islands with most of them human un-inhabited having rich flora and fauna. A checklist of fungi reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been compiled based on the information available in the literature and is provided in a table. Totally 446 fungal species, distributed over 216 genera, 96 families, 44 orders, ten classes and seven phyla have been reported so far. Meliola is the most speciose genus and the family Meliolaceae has been represented with a large number of species. Among the different order Ostropales has been represented with a large number of species than others. In the case of different classes Sordariomycetes has more representation and the Ascomycota among different phyla. There are only a few reports available on the research carried out from the Islands and these are mostly on lichenized fungi and Meliolales in addition to a single report on 63 marine fungi from mangroves of the Islands through one collection. This reflects on the specialists who have contributed research work from the Islands. As otherwise the Islands have largely remained unexplored for fungal diversity.
We describe a new species, Rhytidhysteron columbiense Soto-Medina & Lücking, from Colombia. It is a saprobic species found on decaying branches in montane rain forest remnants, characterized by boat-shaped ascomata up to 3 mm long and 1.8 mm wide, with brown-black disc and yellowish-green pruina, perpendicularly striate margins, and by 3-septate, ellipsoid to fusiform, red-brown ascospores 38–52 × 13–18 µm in size. The new species differs from all other species in the genus by the yellowish-green pruina on the margins of the ascomata and from R. rufulum s.lat. also in the larger ascospores, whereas R. brasiliense has similarly long ascospores, but differs in their broader width and their pigmentation, as they remain light brown at maturity. A provisional working key to known species of the genus in the world is provided based on literature data. Una nueva especie de Rhytidhysteron (Ascomycota:Patellariaceae) de Colombia, con una clave provisional para las especies conocidas en el mundo Resumen Se describe la nueva especie Rhytidhysteron columbiense Soto-Medina & Lücking para Colombia. Es una especie saprobia encontrada sobre ramas en descomposición en remanentes de bosque montano lluvioso; se caracteriza por ascomas en forma de canoa de cerca de 3 mm de longitud y 1,8 mm de ancho, con disco marrón negruzco y pruina verde amarillosa, márgenes estriados perpendicularmente, y tres esporas septadas, elipsoides a fusiformes, marrón rojizas, de 38–52 × 13–18 µm de tamaño. Esta nueva especie difiere de las otras del género por la pruina verde amarillosa sobre los márgenes del ascoma, y de R. rufulum s.lat. por las esporas más grandes, mientras que R. brasiliense tiene las esporas grandes, pero difiere por sus ascosporas más anchas y por su pigmentación, que es de color pardo claro en la madurez. Se agrega una clave provisional para las especies del género en el mundo con base en datos de la literatura.
Ten species of Diatrype are reported from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the eastern United States. Nine of these are new records for the Park and two (D. atlantica and D. montana) are described as new species. Descriptions and a key to all of the species of Diatrype now known from the Park are provided.
Fruit bodies of Lentinus were collected from subtropical climate of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (India). Pure culture was prepared by tissue culture on Malt-extract-agar (MEA) medium at 25 +/- 2 degrees C. The specimen was studied for its identification, taxonomy and phylogeny and identified as Lentinus sajor-caju by morphological and microscopical studies. The identification was confirmed through ITS 5.8S rDNA sequencing and sequence analysis. Its cultivation was done on saw dust and wheat bran. The fruit bodies were obtained at a temperature of 28 +/- 2 degrees C and 80-85% RH. The cultivated Lentinus sajor-caju fruit bodies were analysed for nutritional and biological properties and observed that the cultivated mushroom has good nutritional properties and antioxidant, reducing and DPPH free radical scavenging properties are comparable to commercially cultivated Lentinula edodes strains.
This work, is the continuation of my preceding two works on Meliolales of India, gives an account of 123 fungal species belonging to five genera, Amazonia (3), Appendiculella (1), Asteridiella (22), Ectendomeliola (1), Irenopsis (8) and Meliola (88), infecting 120 host plants belonging to 49 families. Generic key, digital formula, synoptic key to the species is provided. In the key, all the species are arranged under their alphabetically arranged host families. Description of the individual species is provided with the citation, detailed description, materials examined and their details including their herbarium details. Each species is supplemented with line drawings. Host and the species index is provided at the end. This work includes five new species: Meliola arippaensis, M. calycopteridis, M. cariappae, M. harpullicola and M. mutabilidis; a new variety: Irenopsis hiptages Yamam. Var. indica and two new names: Asteridiella micheliifolia (based on A. micheliae) and Meliola strombosiicola (based on Meliola strombosiae)
The first large-scale survey of sexual and asexual Trichoderma morphs collected from plant and fungal materials conducted in Southern Europe and Macaronesia including a few collections from French islands east of Africa yielded more than 650 specimens identified to the species level. Routine sequencing of tef1 revealed a genetic variation among these isolates that exceeds previous experience and ca. 90 species were recognized, of which 74 are named and 17 species newly described. Aphysiostroma stercorarium is combined in Trichoderma. For the first time a sexual morph is described for T. hamatum. The hitherto most complete phylogenetic tree is presented for the entire genus Trichoderma, based on rpb2 sequences. For the first time also a genus-wide phylogenetic tree based on acl1 sequences is shown. Detailed phylogenetic analyses using tef1 sequences are presented in four separate trees representing major clades of Trichoderma. Discussions involve species composition of clades and ecological and biogeographic considerations including distribution of species.
Species of Diatrypaceae are widespread on dead wood of plants worldwide. The delineation of this family is rather problematic because the characters of ascostromata are extremely variable and the names of taxa with sequence data are often misleading. In this paper, species of Diatrypaceae were collected from Para rubber in northern Thailand for examination and illustrations. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, a new genus, Allocryptovalsa, is introduced to accommodate a new species A. polyspora and two species, A. cryptovalsoidea and A. rabenhorstii rabenhorstii rabenhorstii are transferred to the new genus. The new species, Diatrypella heveae and Peroneutypa longiasca are also introduced in this paper. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and ß-tubulin sequence data show their phylogenetic affinities in Diatrypaceae. Our study also shows that phylogenetic analyses of taxa of Diatrypaceae are highly confused as some genera are shown to be polyphyletic.
