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Phytotaxa 349 (3): 287–297
http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/
Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Ronell Klopper: 11 Apr. 2018; published: 15 May 2018
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.3.10
287
Goniolimon africanum (Plumbaginaceae), a new endemic species from North Africa
UROŠ BUZUROVIĆ1, SANDRO BOGDANOVIĆ2,3*, SALVATORE BRULLO4, MARJAN NIKETIĆ1 & GORDANA
TOMOVIĆ5
1 Natural History Museum, Njegoševa 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3 Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia
4 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Catania, via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy
5 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade,
Serbia
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: sbogdanovic@agr.hr
Abstract
A new species, Goniolimon africanum is described and illustrated from Algeria and Tunisia (North Africa). This study, based
on investigations of herbarium specimens and data from literature, highlights the fact that this species was collected for the
first time by Ernest Cosson and provisionally named ‘Goniolimon luteolus’ nom. nud., while it was later attributed to G.
tataricum. A detailed morphological study, carried out on some related European species of Goniolimon, has emphasized that
African populations are taxonomically well differentiated from European ones. Its distribution, ecology and relationships are
also examined. A table comparing the new species with the closest allied European species of Goniolimon is provided.
Key words: Algeria, Goniolimon, herbaria, Mediterranean flora, morphology, taxonomy, Tunisia
Introduction
The genus Goniolimon Boissier (1848: 632) belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae Jussieu (1789: 92) and includes 20–
30 taxa, distributed from East Europe (Balkan Peninsula, Aegean islands, Romania, Ukraine, European Russia) to Asia
(Anatolia, China, Mongolia, former Asiatic Russia), with isolated populations in North Africa and Italy (Linczevski
1952, Klokov 1957, Rǎvǎrut 1960, Quézel & Santa 1963, Pignatti 1972, 1982, Pottier-Alapetit 1981, Ančev 1982,
Tammaro et al. 1982, Bokhari & Edmondson 1982, Hepper 1988, Greuter et al. 1989, Nikolić 1994, Pen & Kamelin
1996, Le Floc’h et al. 2010, Domina 2011, Dimopoulos et al. 2013, Buzurović et al. 2013, 2016, Urgamal et al.
2014, Vangjeli 2015, Strid 2016a,b). In Euro-Mediterranean countries the genus is represented mainly by scattered or
isolated endemic species, such as G. italicum Tammaro, Pignatti & Frizzi (1982: 39) from Apennine (Central Italy), G.
dalmaticum Reichenbach (1855: 61) from Croatia, G. sartorii Boissier (1859: 67) and G. heldreichii Halácsy (1886:
241) from Greece. Other species with a wider distribution occur in the Balkan Peninsula and East Europe (Bulgaria,
Romania, Moldavia, Ukraine, Caucasus, and Russia). Among them there are: G. tataricum (Linnaeus 1753: 275)
Boissier (1848: 632), G. incanum (Linnaeus 1767: 59) Hepper (1988: 212) (= G. collinum (Grisebach 1846: 300)
Boissier (1848: 633)), G. besserianum (Schultes 1820: 789) Kusnezov (1909: 202), G. elatum (Fischer 1812: 18)
Boissier (1848: 634), G. graminifolium (Aiton 1789: 383) Boissier (1848: 633), G. rubellum (Gmelin 1774: 199)
Klokov & Grosshein in Grosshein (1949: 593), G. speciosum (Linnaeus 1753: 275) Boissier (1848: 634) and G.
tauricum Klokov (1957: 521). According to the literature (Linczevski 1952, Quézel & Santa 1963, Pottier-Alapetit
1981, Greuter et al. 1989, Domina 2011), only G. tataricum seems to have a wider trans-continental distribution from
North Africa to Euro-Asia. Other Russian and Asian taxa are distributed eastwards (Linczevski 1952, Klokov 1957,
Grossheim 1967, Pen & Kamelin 1996, Urgamal et al. 2014).
Based on literature (Battandier & Trabut 1888, 1902, Quézel & Santa 1963, Pottier-Alapetite 1981, Le Floc’h et
al. 2010) and herbarium investigations, geographically very isolated populations of G. tataricum were recorded from
Africa and particularly in some localities in northern Algeria and one in Tunisia. In-depth taxonomical investigation on
the genus Goniolimon in the Balkan Peninsula (Buzurović et al. 2013, 2016) questioned the recorded occurrence of G.
BUZUROVIC ET AL.
288 • Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
tataricum in North Africa. Therefore, we performed research to verify the correct taxonomical position of these African
populations. This study was based on herbarium material, which allowed examination of morphological differences
between African populations and those ones typical of G. tataricum, as well as with the other closely related species.
We thus conclude that the African populations are attributable to a species new to science, named here G. africanum.
Material and methods
African material of Goniolimon were studied only from herbarium specimens deposited in different European herbaria,
namely BM, CLF, GRM, MANCH, MPU, P, W, and WAG. Abbreviations of all herbarium acronyms are according to
Thiers (2018). A total of thirty herbarium specimens of G. africanum were studied, and for the morphological analysis
ten specimens from P herbarium were used. From each specimen, three spikelets with five spikes and five flowers were
prepared on adhesive tape for measuring (with permission from P).
Plant material of morphologically closely related European taxa (G. tataricum, G. incanum, G. italicum, G.
dalmaticum, G. heldreichii, G. sartorii, and G. besserianum) were used for morphological comparison (Tables 1–2),
from collections by the authors and from herbarium material or virtual herbaria: AMD, BEO, BEOU, BM, BP, BUNS,
C, CAT, CGE, CNHM, E, ENSA, FR, G, GDB, GE, H, K, L, LE, LD, M, MA, MKNH, MNHM, MW, OXF, P, PAD,
PAL, S, SO, SOA, SOM, SARA, TUN, UPS, W, WU, ZA, ZAGR and ZAHO.
A distribution map of G. africanum was produced by using chorological data provided in the literature (Battandier
& Trabut 1888, 1902, Quézel & Santa 1963, Pottier-Alapetite 1981) and from herbarium data. Chorological data were
plotted on the map as circles (black circles—herbarium record; red circles—literature record; and red/black circles—
herbarium and literature records) with coordinates as rough positioning by using Q-GIS software (Fig. 4).
Taxonomic treatment
Goniolimon africanum Buzurović, Bogdanović & Brullo sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2)
Type:—AFRICA. Algeria: Batna, sur les collines arides, 15 July 1853, B. Balansa 814 (sub Goniolimon tataricum Boiss. / Statice tatarica
L., Goniol. luteolus, Coss. et DR.! olim. / Herb. E. Cosson) (holotype P 05388232!; isotypes P 05117905!, BM!, MANCH!, MPU
243820!, W 99191!, W 278982!, WAG 1169431!).
Diagnosis:—Species a Goniolimone tatarico similis sed usque ad 25 cm alta, foliis glaucescentibus, spathulatis
vel oblanceolato-spathulatis, 2–10 cm longis, 4–14 mm latis, acuminato-aristatis, 1-nervatis, scapo striato-costato,
pubescenti, spicis 8–20 mm longis, spiculis 1(2)-floris, ad 5–7 pro centimetro dispositis, bractea exteriore 2.3–2.5 mm
lata, cuspide 1.5–2.5 mm longa, bractea media 4–5 mm longa, bractea interiore 4.5–5.5 mm longa, cuspide centrale
2–2.5 mm longa, cuspidibus lateralibus 0.7–1.5 mm longis, auriculis absentibus, calycis tubo dense pubescenti, nerviis
fere ad apicem loborum attingentibus, lobis 1–1.3 mm longis.
Description:—Plant perennial, forming a sub-shrub, 7–20(25) cm high, with 1–3 erect stems and a robust tap-
root. Caudices 2–5 cm long, branched, living leaves in rosettes at apices and branches covered by dry leaf remnants.
Leaves glabrous, coriaceous, rigid, glaucescent, minutely dotted, 2–10 cm long and 4–14 mm broad, spathulate to
oblanceolate-spathulate, acuminate-aristate mucronate, 1-nerved, with margin narrowly hyaline and often undulate,
gradually tapering into the petiole. Stems scabrous-pubescent, rigid, striate-ribbed, 6–15(20) cm long, branched in the
upper part. Inflorescence densely branched, with branches curved, rigid. Spikes 8–20 mm long, straight. Spikelets 7–8
mm long, 1(2) flowered, densely arranged, 5–7 per cm. Outer bract 3.5–5.0 mm long and 2.3–2.5 mm wide, triangular-
ovate, long cuspidate, mucronate at apex, pubescent, with narrow hyaline margin, with cusp 1.5–2.5 mm long. Middle
bract membranous, 4–5 mm long and 1.5–1.8 mm wide, oblong, laterally gibbous, long cuspidate, mucronate at apex,
pubescent in the central part and cusp. Inner bract oblong to oblong-rounded, 4.5–5.5 mm long and 2.2–2.5 mm wide,
3-cuspidate, mucronate at the apex, with central cusp 2.0–2.5 mm long and lateral ones 0.7–1.5 mm long; margin
membranous; hairy in the central part and cusps. Calyx 6.5–7.0 mm long, exceeding the inner bract by 2.5–3.5 mm;
calyx tube densely pubescent, with 5 ribs reaching almost the lobe apex; lobes triangular, 1.0–1.3 mm long, undulate
at the margin (Figs. 1–2).
NEW ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM NORTH AFRICA Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 289
TABLE 1. Morphological comparison between Goniolimon africanum and the known European Goniolimon species.
Character G. africanum G. tataricum G. dalmaticum G. incanum G. heldreichii G. italicum G. besserianum G. sartorii
Plant height (cm) 7–20(25) 10–40 7–30 10–45 (10)15–35 10–25 10–25(40) 12–30
Leaf colour glaucescent glaucescent pale-green glaucous green-glaucescent green-glaucescent pale-green glaucescent
Leaf shape
spathulate to
oblanceolate-
spathulate
broadly
lanceolate
oblanceolate-
spathulate
narrowly lanceolate
to oblong-
lanceolate
spathulate to
oblong-spathulate
oblanceolate-
spathulate oblong-lanceolate spathulate to
lanceolate
Leaf length (cm) 2–10 (5)10–20(25) 3–8 5–16 2–13 5–10 3–8(12) 2–9
Leaf width (cm) 0.4–1.4 2.0–2.5(3.5) 1.2–1.6 0.3–1.3 1.6–3.2 (0.3)0.6–1.0 0.3–1.5(1.8) 0.3–1.5
Laef apex shape acuminate-aristate
mucronate
obtuse to
rounded
mucronate
obtuse to aristate
mucronate
acuminate-
apiculate
mucronate
acuminate-
apiculate
mucronate
cuspidate-
acuminate
mucronate
acuminate-apiculate
mucronate
acute-
apiculate
mucronate
Leaf nerves uninerved penninerved uninerved uninerved penninerved uninerved uninerved uninerved
Leaf indumentum glabrous glabrous glabrous sparsely pubescent
to ciliate at margin
glabrous or ciliate
at margin
pubescent at
margin glabrous glabrous
Stem branches striate-ribbed broadly winged ribbed to slighty
winged
ribbed below,
winged above ribbed ribbed to winged ribbed to winged ribbed to
winged
Stem indumentum always pubescent
glabrous
to sparsely
puberulous
glabrous glabrous glabrous sparsely
pubescent glabrous glabrous
Spike length (cm) 0.8–2.0 2.5–10.0 0.5–2.0 0.5–1.3 1–4 0.5–1.2 0.5–1.0 0.5–1.5
Spikelet per cm 5–7 2–4 7–8 1–3 3–5 1–5 1–4 7–9
Flower per spikelet 1(2) 2–3 1–2 1 1 1–2 1(2) 1
Outer bract length (mm) 3.5–5.0 4.0–4.5 3.5–5.0 2.5–3.0 2.8–3.5 3.5–4.8 3.5–4.0 3.0–3.7
...Continued on next page
BUZUROVIC ET AL.
290 • Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Character G. africanum G. tataricum G. dalmaticum G. incanum G. heldreichii G. italicum G. besserianum G. sartorii
Outer bract width (mm) 2.3–2.5 2.5–3.0 2.2–2.7 2.2–2.8 2.3–2.8 1.7–2.7 1.8–2.2 2.0–3.5
Outer bract cusp length
(mm) 1.5–2.5 1.2–1.3 1.3–1.5 1.0–1.3 0.7–1.0 1.2–1.8 1.5–2.0 1.0–1.5
Outer bract indumentum totally pubescent totally pubescent glabrous with glands
in the middle
glabrous and
glandulous
glabrous with
ciliate cusp totally hairy glabrous to sparsely
pubescent glabrous
Middle bract length (mm) 4–5 3.7–4.0 5.0–5.5 4.6–5.2 4.5–4.7 4.5–5.0 4–5 4.2–5.0
Middle bract width (mm) 1.5–1.8 1.5–1.7 1.6–2.0 1.8–2.2 1.7–1.8 1.2–1.5 1.2–1.6 2.3–2.5
Middle bract indumentum totally pubescent totally pubescent glabrous
glabrous with
ciliate cusp,
glandulous
glabrous with
ciliate cusp totally hairy glabrous to sparsely
pubescent
glabrous or with
ciliate cusp
Inner bract length (mm) 4.5–5.5 4.0–4.5 4.5–6.6 4.2–5.0 3.7–5.0 4.8–5.2 3.7–5.0 3.3–4.8
Inner bract width (mm) 2.2–2.5 2.5–2.8 2.0–2.8 2.5–2.8 2.2–4.0 1.5–2.5 1.8–2.4 3.0–3.3
Inner bract central cusp
length (mm) 2.0–2.5 1.4–1.7 1.7–1.8 1.5–2.2 1.2–2.0 2.2–2.5 0.8–1.0(2) 1.4–2.0
Inner bract lateral cusps
length (mm) 0.7–1.5 0.6–0.8 1.0–1.2 1.0–1.7 0.7–1.0 1.3–2.0 0.4–0.8(1.2) 0.7–1.0
Inner bract indumentum
pubescent in
central part and
cusps
pubescent in
central part and
cusps
ciliate at cusp
margin
glabrous, with
ciliate cusps,
glandulous
glabrous, with
cilate-pubescent
cusps
totally hairy glabrous to sparsely
ciliate in the centre
glabrous or with
ciliate cusp
Auricle occurrence in the
lateral cusps absent present absent present present subabsent subabsent subabsent
Calyx indumentum
densely
pubescent only
in tube
densely hairy up
to apex of ribs
densely pubescent
only in tube glabrous hairy at tube
base
densely hairy
up to apex of
ribs
glabrous to sparsely
pubescent in tube glabrous
Calyx length (mm) 6.5–7.0 6.5–7.0 7.2–8.0 7.0–7.7 6–7 7–8 7–8 5.0–6.3
Calyx ribs reaching almost
lobe apex
not reaching lobe
base reaching lobe base reaching lobe base exceed lobe base reaching lobe
base reaching lobe base exceed lobe
base
Calyx lobes length (mm) 1.0–1.3 1.3–1.5 1.7–2.0 1.0–1.2 0.8–1.2 1.5–1.7 2.0–2.2 0.7–1.0
NEW ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM NORTH AFRICA Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 291
TABLE 2. Vouchers of Goniolimon species used for the morphological analyses.
Taxon Country Locality Date Collector(s) Herbarium
G. africanum Algeria Batna 15 July 1853 B. Balansa P
Algeria Batna 17 June 1853 E. Cosson P
Algeria Batna 1854 du Colombier P
G. besserianum Romania Cheia 26 June 2016
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Bulgaria Balčik, Topola 23 July 2014 U. Buzurović et al. BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Moldovia Podolia, pr. Balta s.d. E. Lindeman P
G. dalmaticum Croatia Split, Marjan 11 July 2015
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, ZAGR
Croatia Dalmatia, Vir
21 September
2008 S. Bogdanović ZAGR
G. heldreichii Greece Thessaly, Tyrnavos 7 August 2014 U. Buzurović et al. BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Greece
Thessaly, Loutra
Kaitsis 21 June 2016
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
G. incanum Greece Thracia, Porto Lagos 20 June 2015
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Bulgaria Sozopol 24 July 2014 U. Buzurović et al. BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Turkey Boziar, Canakkale 22 June 1988 S. Brullo et al. CAT
Turkey Manisa Dag 25 June 1987 S. Brullo et al. CAT
G. italicum Italy
Capestrano,
Collelungo 11 July 2015
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Italy Fossa Raganesca 11 July 2015
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
G. sartorii Greece
Attica, Porto Rafti,
Koroni 21 June 2015
S. Bogdanović & U.
Buzurović BEOU, CAT, ZAGR
Greece Mykonos, Ftelia 7 July 2016 S. Brullo et al. CAT, ZAGR
Greece Attica, Laurion 12 July 2016 S. Brullo et al. CAT, ZAGR
G. tataricum Russia Russie merid. 1855 Backer P
Russia Sarepta s.d. Wunderlich P
Russia Sibiria 1 August 1828 A. L. de Candolle G
Etymology:—The specific epithet “africanum” refers to Africa, where the species occurs.
Phenology:—Flowering from June to July.
Distribution and ecology:—Based on investigations of herbarium specimens and literature data, G. africanum is
distributed in North Africa, currently limitedly to some localities in Algeria and Tunisia (Fig. 4). In particular it occurs
in north-western Algeria near the Chott Chergui (Saida) and in north-eastern Algeria in the neighbourhoods of Batna
and Constantine, while in northern Tunisia it is localized in a small stand near Kesra (“Kessera”). This species grows
in very arid territories characterized by sub-desert climate and is localized in sandy or rocky habitats, where it is a
member of steppe grassland or halophilous shrubby plant communities.
Discussion:—According to literature (Battandier & Trabut 1882, 1902, Quézel & Santa 1963, Pottier-Alapetite
1981, Le Floc’h et al. 2010) populations of G. africanum were attributed to G. tataricum, although Cosson (1853),
who was the first to collect this plant in Algeria during a botanical excursion in May 1852, considered it as a distinct
species quoted by this author on the label of its herbarium sheets. Subsequent botanists (e.g. Balansa, du Colombier,
D’Alleizette, Hénon, Warion, Joly, Bachelet, de la Perraudière, etc.), who collected this species in Algeria and Tunisia,
BUZUROVIC ET AL.
292 • Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
identified it as G. tataricum. This determination has also been followed in the most recent Mediterranean floras
(Greuter et al. 1989, Domina 2011). Besides, it should be highlighted that E. Cosson carried out his excursions in
Algeria together with B. Balansa, who collected much more material of this species, distributing his specimens to
several European herbaria. Therefore, we have considered it opportune to choose these specimens as type material of
G. africanum. Among the isotypes kept in W, we found that W. Wangerin in 1929 noted on a distinct herbarium label
a new name “Goniolimon collinum (Griseb.) Boiss. ssp. cossonii Wangerin ined.” that he proposed for this plant. This
name remains a nomen nudum since it has never been published.
FIGURE 1. Diagnostic features of Goniolimon africanum. A. Habit. B. Leaves. C. Leaf apex. Illustration by S. Brullo based on type
material (P 05388232!).
Regarding its taxonomic relationships, G. africanum is morphologically distinct from other known species of
Goniolimon. In particular, it differs from G. tataricum (Fig. 3, Table 1) in its smaller size, leaves being 1-nerved (not
pinnatinerved), shorter (2–10 cm vs 10–20 cm) and markedly acuminate-aristate mucronate (not obtuse and rounded),
stems being pubescent and not winged (vs glabrous to sparsely puberulous and winged), spikes that are much shorter
(0.8–2.0 cm vs 2.5–10.0 cm) and denser (not lax), 1(2)-flowered spikelets (not 2–3-flowered), outer bract that is
narrower (2.3–2.5 mm vs 2.5–3.0 mm) with a longer cusp (1.5–2.5 mm vs 1.2–1.3 mm), a longer middle bract (4–5
NEW ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM NORTH AFRICA Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 293
mm vs 3.7–4.0 mm), a longer inner bract (4.5–5.5 mm vs 4.0–4.5 mm) with longer cusps (2.0–2.5 mm and 0.7–1.5
mm vs 1.4–1.7 mm and 0.6–0.8 mm) and auricles that are absent (not present), the calyx being pubescent only in the
tube (not also on the ribs), and with ribs almost reaching the lobe apex (vs ribs not reaching the lobe base). A detailed
morphological investigation of the known European species of Goniolimon (Fig. 3, Table 1), showed that G. africanum
is well differentiated from them all. It shows a closer relation with G. sartorii, which is distributed in some Aegean
islands and Attica (Greece). The two species share some features (e.g. habit, colour, shape and size of leaves, short and
dense spikes, spikelets 1-flowered), but several other significant characters distinguish these two species from each
other. In particular, G. sartorii is characterized by a glabrous stem, spikes with 7–9 spikelets per cm, glabrous bracts, an
outer bract with a shorter cusp, a shorter and wider inner bract, a shorter glabrous calyx with smaller lobes exceeding
the lobe base. These two species have very similar ecological requirements, since they occur in arid environments,
often characterized by saline soils. These habitats are represented by coastal sandy or rocky places for G. sartorii and
by inland steppe sub-desert grasslands or salt lakes for G. africanum. A very similar ecology was observed also in G.
incanum, which occurs in coastal sandy or rocky grounds and hilly xerophilous grasslands.
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Goniolimon africanum. A. Spikelets. B. Spike. C. Calices. D. Open calyx. E. Outer bracts. F. Middle
bracts. G. Inner bracts. Illustration by S. Brullo based on type material (P 05388232!).
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294 • Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):—ALGERIA. Aïn Beïda, July, sine leg., sub. Goniolimon
tataricum (MPU 243816!); Dunes du Chott, Tarf, July, sine leg. (MPU 243817!); Batna, 1911, Ch. D’Alleizette s.n.,
sub. Goniolimon tataricum Boiss. (CLF 173391!); plaine de Batna, Algèrie, 1854, du Colombier 175, sub. Goniolimon
tataricum Boiss. (P 05388237!); Batna, s.d., A. Hénon s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum Boiss. (MPU 243814!); terrains
salés près du Madracca près Aïn-Yagaert, cercle de Batna, prov. de Constantine, 17 June 1853, E. Cosson s.n., sub.
Goniolimon tataricum Boiss. (G. luteolus Coss. et Dr.) (P 04026846!); dépressions des hauts plateaux à El May (Sahara
Oranais), 02 July 1868, A. Warion s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum Boiss. (P 05388231!); plaines d’Alfa entre Krider
et Beida, cercle de Saïda (Algérie), 30 May 1852, E. Cosson s.n., sub. Goniolimon luteolus (P 05388234!); Massif de
Tafrent, Ouled Abd Ennour, prov. d. Constantine, 01-08 June 1912, Joly s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss.
(MPU 243819!); Tafrent (Abd Ennour), (prov. d. Constantine), 17 June 1909, Joly s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum
L. (MPU 243818!); El Beïda, 30 May 1852, E. Cosson s.n., sub. Goniolimon luteolus Coss. et Dr. (P 05388236!);
cultivé HDR (Hortus Durieu, Bordeaux), 06 July 1855, Durieu s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum Boiss., G. luteolus
C. et Dr. olim. (P 05388235!); bords de l’Halloufa, 1883, Bachelet s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum (P 05388233!);
plaine entre Morsot et Tebessa, prov. de Constantine, Algérie, 1864, V. Reboud s.n., sub. Goniolimon tataricum (P
05388233!, P 04026845!); Trubeau de Synhàn, cercle de Batna, province de Constantine, Algérie, 17 June 1853, H. de
la Perraudière s.n. (MPU 243813!); Le long des sentiers du Djebel Dyr près Tebessa, 28 Juin 1864, V. Reboud, sub.
Statice, Goniolimon tataricum (GRM s.n.!); Aïn Tamagra, avril-mai 1872, V. Reboud (GMR s.n.!).
TUNISIA. Falaises de la Kessera, 09 May 1944, Iserite? 28, sub. Statice sp. (MPU 243821!).
FIGURE 3. Comparative diagnostic features of spikelets (A), calices (B) and inner bracts (C) for 1. G. africanum. 2. G. tataricum. 3. G.
dalmaticum. 4. G. incanum. 5. G. heldreichii. 6. G. italicum. 7. G. besserianum. 8. G. sartorii. Illustration by S. Brullo.
NEW ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM NORTH AFRICA Phytotaxa 349 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 295
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Goniolimon africanum in North Africa. Black circles—herbarium records; red circle—literature records;
red/black circles—herbarium and literature records.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the directors and curators of all herbaria from which specimens were examined (B, BEO,
BEOU, BM, BP, CAT, CLF, CNHM, ENSA, G, GRM, K, LD, MANCH, MKNH, MPU, P, PAD, SOA, SO, SOM,
W, WAG, WU, ZA, ZAGR and ZAHO). We especially thank the curators from P, Dr. Myriam Gaudeul and Dr. Marc
Jeanson, for the loan of Cosson’s material and for permission to perform the morphological analysis on original type
material. This research was partly supported by the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture through an Academic
Mobility grant 2016, University of Catania and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of
the Republic of Serbia through Grant 173030 “Plant biodiversity of Serbia and the Balkans—assessment, sustainable
use and protection”.
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