Hymenochaete and Hymenochaetopsis (Basidiomycota) in Europe

Abstract

Fourteen species of Hymenochaete and three species of Hymenochaetopsis from Europe are treated, including their distribution and hosts characteristics. Four new species are described, viz. Hymenochaete canescens, H. jaapii, H. pilatii and H. rhododendri. Two species are new for Europe, viz. Hymenochaete longispora and Hymenochaetopsis la-ricicola.

Full text

49
Karstenia 57: 49–80, 2017 (2018)
Hymenochaete and Hymenochaetopsis
(Basidiomycota) in Europe
PEER CORFIXEN and ERAST PARMASTO †
CORFIXEN, P. & PARMASTO, E. (†) 2017: Hymenochaete and Hymenochaetop-
sis (Basidiomycota) in Europe – Karstenia 57: 49–80. DOI http://doi.org/10.29203/
ka.2017.483. HELSINKI. ISSN 0453–3402.
Fourteen species of Hymenochaete and three species of Hymenochaetopsis from Europe
are treated, including their distribution and hosts characteristics. Four new species are
described, viz. Hymenochaete canescens, H. jaapii, H. pilatii and H. rhododendri. Two
species are new for Europe, viz. Hymenochaete longispora and Hymenochaetopsis la-
ricicola.
Key words: Hymenochaete, Hymenochaetopsis, mycogeography, host-variation
Peer Corxen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster
Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.e-mail: peerc@snm.ku.dk.
Erast Parmasto (deceased)
Introduction
Hymenochaete Lév. was earlier a part of The-
lephora Ehrh. : Fr., i.e. aphyllophoralean fungi
with a smooth hymenium. The genus was later
divided into Corticium Pers. and Stereum Pers.
(resupinate / eused-reexed). In 1846 Léveillé
transferred all the species with setae to a new
genus Hymenochaete. Patouillard (1900) trans-
ferred all brown species with setae and xantho-
chroic reaction (turning black in KOH) to “série
des Igniaires”, including Phellinus Quel., Cy-
clomyces Fr., Hydnochaete Bres., Xanthochrous
Pat. and Hymenochaete. Wagner & Fischer
(2002) used DNA-sequences to show that H.
tabacina (Fr.) Lév. was not congeneric with
other species in Hymenochaete, and they trans-
ferred it to Pseudochaete T. Wagner & M. Fisch.
Their work also showed, that Hydnochaete and
Cyclomyces had to be merged with Hymeno-
chaete. The generic name Cyclomyces Kunze
(1830) is older than Hymenochaete Léveillé
(1846), so Fischer & Wagner (2001) proposed
to conserve Hymenochaete against Cyclomyces.
The genus name Pseudochaete is unfortunately
a later homonym of the alga Pseudochaete West
& G.S. West (1903). Yang et al. (2016) therefore
proposed the generic name Hymenochaetopsis
S.H. He & Jiao Yang to replace Pseudochaete.
At present there are 13 species in Hymenochae-
topsis, three of which are European. About 120
species of Hymenochaete exist, of which 14 are
treated in this paper.
Karsten (1882) treated two species from Fin-
land in Stereum, one under Xerocarpus P. Karst.
and one under Corticium. Later, he (Karsten
1889) treated four species including Hymeno-
chatella arida P. Karst. and H. laxa P. Karst. (=
H. cinnamomea). Rea (1922) included 12 species
from Great Britain, of which six were misiden-
tications, synonyms or not belonging to Hy-
menochaete: H. boltonii (Fr.) Cooke (= Lopharia
spadicea), H. nigrescens Cooke ex Massee (=
H. tabacina), H. stevensonii Berk. & Broome (=
Amylostereum laevigatum). H. leonina Berk. &
M.A. Curtis may be a misidentication (mostly

50 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
an American species, description based on Burt
(1918). H. croceoferruginea Massee is H. corru-
gata and H. crassa (Lév.) Berk. is Porostereum
crassum (description based on Massee (1890).
Bourdot & Galzin (1921, 1928) published seven
species, one subspecies and ve varieties from
France. Later reports include Pilat (1930) from
Czechia and Slovakia with eight species, four
varieties and nine forms. Skovsted (1950) and
Christiansen (1960) reported three species from
Denmark each. Kreisel (1961) reported six spe-
cies from Germany, Jahn (1971) reported seven
species and one form from Europe. Ryvarden
(1971) reported ve species from Norway. Tel-
leria (1980) reported four species from Spain
and Jülich (1984) seven species from Central
Europe. Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986) pre-
sented seven species from Switzerland. Bondar-
tseva & Parmasto (1986) reported nine species
from European part of Russia. Corxen (1997)
reported ve species from the ve nordic coun-
tries, including H. subfuliginosa as a synonym
of H. fuliginosa. Krieglsteiner (2000) reported
seven species from Germany. Karadelev & Ru-
sevska (2004) reported six species from Macedo-
nia. Ghobad-Nejhad et al. (2009) reported nine
species from Caucasus region and nally Papp
(2013) reported ve species from Hungary.
Material and methods
This paper covers Europe as delimited by Plant Taxo-
nomic Database Standard No. 2 (Brummitt 2001). Eu-
rope is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the
Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea
to the south. To the east and southeast by the watershed
of the Urals and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the
Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turk-
ish Straits. Caucasus is included in the article. No records
available from the Atlantic islands (Iceland, Svalbard and
the Faroe Islands). Most collections are from northern
Europe and central Europe. Very few collections are from
southeastern Europe.
This paper is based on a study of herbarium specimens
in 46 herbaria by the rst author (B, BG, BOLO, BPI,
BR, BRNM, C, DBN, E, FI, FH, G, GB, H, HBG, JE, K,
KRA, L, LD, LE, LISU, LOD, LY, M, MA, NEU, NY,
NYS, O, OULO, PC, PDD, PRM, RO, S, TAA, TRH,
TROM, TUR, UME, UPS, W, WA, ZA, YAM, and pri-
vate collections from J.-C. Leger and L. Ryvarden). Near-
ly 8000 specimens were examined, of these more than
7000 from Europe, including several types. The second
author covered the study of several hundred specimens,
mostly in TAA. Descriptions are mainly based on Eu-
ropean specimens. Colours are mostly coded using Ko-
rnerup & Wanscher (1965). Microscopic study is based
on free-hand sections in water or 2% aqueous solution
of KOH. Measurements were made using eyepiece mi-
crometer (magnications × 500, × 700 and × 1000). The
second author used a Sony CCD Video Camera attached
to a Nikon Labophot 2 microscope, and analyzed by
Global Lab Image (Data Translation Inc.) software. For
statistics, 25 or 30 spores were measured from each speci-
men. Results of some of these are listed under spore de-
scriptions as (Parmasto: specimens, mean spore size and
Q value). All hyphae in species of Hymenochaete and
Hymenochaetopsis are simple-septate. We use the term
subdimitic in cases where the hyphal system consists of
simple-septate, relatively thin-walled generative hyphae
and sklereed, thick walled hyphae which look like skel-
etals, but are sparingly simple-septate. For further notes
on Hymenochaete see Parmasto (2001b). Photos were
made using a Canon Power Shot SX20IS and Huawei
P9. Drawings were free-hand, digitalized and nished in
Photoshop. Synonyms given are mostly European. Geo-
graphical names mostly following Brummit (2001), ex-
cept for Great Britain where the four countries are used.
The Danish collections are found on http://www.daim.
snm.ku.dk/svampeherbariet, and further registrations
from a “citizen science” project under the Danish My-
cological Society https://svampe.databasen.org/search/.
Norwegian collections are in the Norwegian mycological
database (NMD): http://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/nxd/sopp/
nsd_e.htm and those from Scotland in http://elmer.rbge.
org.uk/bgbase/vherb/bgbasevherb.php. Spanish mate-
rial can be found in http://161.111.170.202/herb/asp/ and
Swedish in http://herbarium.nrm.se/.

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 51
Hymenochaete – Setae with an acute, non-eroding tip.
Hymenochaetopsis – Setae at rst with an acute tip, tips later eroding/collapsing
Key to the European species
1. Basidiomes eused ...........................................................................................................................2
1. Basidiomes eused-reexed or with elevated margin ....................................................................12
2. With loose hyphal layer between setal layer ..................................... 4. Hymenochaete cinnamomea
2. Without loose hyphal layer between setal layer ................................................................................3
3. Hymenium velvety, red to brownish red ...........................................................................................4
3. Hymenium not velvety, nor reddish, but ochraceous, brown to grey ...............................................5
4. Hymenium red, on Abies ............................................................................5. Hymenochaete cruenta
4. Hymenium reddish brown, on deciduous trees ........................................ 8. Hymenochaete konradii
5. Hymenium very thin, ochraceous ..........................................................3. Hymenochaete caucasica
5. Hymenium thicker, brown to grey ....................................................................................................6
6. Hymenium dark brown to greyish ....................................................................................................7
6. Hymenium light to dark brown, not greyish .....................................................................................9
7. Hymenium irregularly cracking, setae conical, with eroding tips 15. Hymenochaetopsis corrugata
7. Hymenium transversely cracking, setae subulate with acute tips .....................................................8
8. Setae 80–140 µm ................................................................................. 9. Hymenochaete longispora
8. Setae 40–65 µm ........................................................................ 1. Hymenochaete canescens sp.nov.
9. Hymenium dark chocolate brown ...................................................................................................10
9. Hymenium light brown to cinnamon brown ...................................................................................11
10. Basidiomes thick, on Quercus ..................................................... 13. Hymenochaete subfuliginosa
10. Basidiomes thin, on coniferous wood, seldom on Salix ......................6. Hymenochaete fuliginosa
11. Hymenium light brown, mostly on Acer, setae 50–90 µm long .......... 2. Hymenochaete carpatica
11. Hymenium cinnamon, setae 30-65 µm long .................................. 7. Hymenochaete jaapii sp.nov.
12. Basidiomes woody hard; hymenium reddish brown .....................................................................13
12. Basidiomes soft to leathery; hymenium greyish brown ................................................................14
13. Basidiomes 10–50 mm, on Quercus ................................................ 12. Hymenochaete rubiginosa
13. Basidiomes 5–20 mm, on Ulmus .........................................................14. Hymenochaete ulmicola
14. Setae with acute tips ......................................................................................................................15
14. Setae with eroding tips ..................................................................................................................16
15. Hymenium greyish brown, with cortex,
on Rhododendron ...............................................................11. Hymenochaete rhododendri sp.nov.
15. Hymenium yellowish brown, without cortex, on other
deciduous trees and bushes .......................................................... 10. Hymenochaete pilatii sp.nov.
16. Setae 25–35 µm, on Larix ............................................................16. Hymenochaetopsis laricicola
16. Setae 50–100 µm, on deciduous trees ........................................... 17. Hymenochaetopsis tabacina

52 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
1. Hymenochaete canescens Corxen sp. nova.
– Figs. 1; 19,1; 20,1.
Mycobank no: MB 820907
Hymenochaete corrugata f. callunae Bourdot
& Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 185 (1922);
Pilát, Hedwigia 71: 127 (1930); Jahn, Westfäl.
Pilzbriefe 8: 142 (1971).
As Hymenochaetopsis corrugata, but setae fusi-
form, with narrowly acute and thin tip, without
incrustation and not eroding, naked or rarely en-
meshed in hyphal sheath, 40–65 × 4-8 µm.
Holotype: SPAIN. Balearic Islands. Mallorca,
Cala de San Vicente, on Quercus, 23.XI.1970
Macholm & Onsberg (RMPO 244; C-F-10289,
C).
Etymology: Becoming grey.
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
5–150 × 50–60 mm, 0.3–1.2 mm thick; hyme-
nial surface even or tuberculate, later cracked
in transverse pattern, dark brown, grey brown
to grey (K&W 6F76–D2); margin thin, or-
ange brown. Cortex 10 µm thick, rust brown,
composed of agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer
10–200 µm thick, hyphae compactly longitu-
dinally arranged; setal layer 40–500 µm thick,
composed of overlapping rows of setae. Hyphal
system subdimitic, solitary tramal setae few 80
× 5 µm. Generative hyphae 2–3.5 µm in diam.,
subhyaline, thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3-5
µm in diam., thick-walled, brown. Setae very
numerous, 40–65 × 4–8 µm, projecting 20–40
µm, fusiform, with acute and thin tip, without
incrustation, naked or rarely enmeshed in hyphal
sheath, often with a broken tip. Hyphidia numer-
ous, not well dierentiated, 1.5–3 µm in diam.,
thin-walled, subhyaline. Basidia 15–25 × 4–6
µm, subclavate, with four thin sterigmata 4–5
Fig. 1. Hymenochaete canescens. France, Aveyron, Frigifont pres St. Sernin, on Calluna vulgaris, 3.VII.1909 Galzin
(G 4161=HB 12479, PC). – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 53
µm long. Basidiospores 3–4.5 × 1.5–3 µm, el-
lipsoid. Causes white rot.
Mostly on twigs of Calluna vulgaris (24),
rarely on other twigs like Cistus monspeliensis
(3), Erica arborea (1), E. scoparia (2), Helian-
themum nummularium (1). Sporadically also
found on trees like Quercus (2) and Pinus pinea
(1). So far only recorded from Europe: France
(14), Germany (11), Italy (2), Portugal (2), Spain
(9), Sweden (1). Hymenochaete canescens has
a marked southern oceanic-atlantic distribution,
following its two main host families Ericaceae
(Calluna and Erica) and Cistaceae (Cistus and
Helianthemum). Four of the six host countries
are Mediterranean and include 69 % of the re-
cords, but the new species has been found north
to the Swedish archipelago near Gothenburg.
The small inconspicuous basidiomes occurring
in habitats rarely investigated by mycologists
may be the reason behind its negligence up to
now.
Exsiccata studied: Krieger, Fungi Saxonici Ex-
siccati 717 (H, HBG, JE, K, M, S), (as Corticium
corrugatum).
Voucher specimens studied: FRANCE. Al-
lier, Les Bramefant, on Calluna, 29.III.1906
Bourdot (HB.4003, PC); Aveyron, Balzaguet
pres St. Sernin, on Calluna, 3.VII.1909 Gal-
zin (G.4183, PC); Aveyron, Frigifont pres St.
Sernin, on Calluna vulgaris, 3.VII.1909 Galzin
(G 4161=HB 12479, PC); Provence-Alpes-Côte
d’Azur, Var, Cap Sicié, on Cistus monspelien-
sis 1.IV.1964 Boidin (LY 4703, LY). ITALY.
Sardinia. Oristano, S’Ena Arrubia, on Helian-
themum nummularium, 17.XI.1983 Bernicchia
(2101, BOLO). PORTUGAL. Minho. Terras de
Buoro, Campo do Geres, Via Romana, on Erica,
29.IV.1989 Melo et al. (3996, LISU). SPAIN.
Huelva. Alcornoques de las Monjas, on Erica
scoparia, 25.V.1977 Telleria et al. (MA 129,
MA). SWEDEN. Bohuslän. Resteröd, Ulvön,
on Calluna, 11.IX.1988 K-H. Larsson (7016,
GB).
H. canescens is closely adnate to the substrate
like H. fuliginosa and H. subfuliginosa, but the
colour is greyish and the setae shorter (40–65
µm). Hymenochaetopsis corrugata diers by
longer (40–100 µm), conical setae with erod-
ing tips. Many specimens are named H. cin-
namomea, H. corrugata, H. fuliginosa, H. ru-
biginosa, H. subfuliginosa and H. tabacina.
2. Hymenochaete carpatica Pilát
– Figs. 2; 19,2; 20,2.
Mycobank no: MB251289.
Hedwigia 70 (1/2): 124. 1930; Léger, Hymeno-
chaete 81, f. 19, 20 (1998).
Holotype: SLOVAKIA. Montes Male Karpathy,
Skina, on Acer pseudoplatanus (not A. plata-
noides), IV.1926 Hruby (PR686734, examined).
Icon. Chlebicki (2003): g. 2; Krieglstein-
er (2000): 207. Web. http://asco-sonneberg.
de/pages/gallery/hymenochaete-carpatica-
120104-01xs24671.php
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
5–50 × 10–100 mm, 0.050–0.8 mm thick; hy-
menial surface even, later deep cracked, ochra-
ceous, light brown to grey brown (K&W 5C6
to 6D5–6); margin thin, orange brown. Cortex
absent or up to 10 µm thick, rust brown; hyphal
layer absent or up to 10 µm thick; setal layer 40–
800 µm thick, composed of overlapping rows of
setae. Hyphal system monomitic. Generative hy-
phae 1–3 µm in diam., subhyaline, thin-walled.
Many crystals in hyphal layer and hymenium.
Setae very numerous, 50–90 × 6–10 µm, project-
Fig. 2. Hymenochaete carpatica. Switzerland, Schwyz,
Alpthal, entre Brunni et Holzegg, on Acer pseudoplata-
nus, 28.VI.1987 Baici (LY-B-1992, LY). – Photo: P. Cor-
xen

54 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
ing 25–60 µm, subulate, with acute and thin tip,
without incrustation, naked or rarely enmeshed
in hyphal sheath. Hyphidia absent. Basidia 15–
25 × 4–5 µm, subclavate, with four thin sterig-
mata 4–5 µm long. Basidiospores 5–7 × 3–4 µm
(Parmasto: 1 specimen; 5.61 × 3.20 µm; Q value
1.75), ellipsoid. Causes white rot.
Mostly under bark scales of Acer pseudopla-
tanus (6), but also on A. platanoides (4), Fagus
(1), Quercus (7) in Europe, North America, and
Asia. In Europe Hymenochaete carpatica has a
narrow niche in which it is rarely collected: the
underside of aking barkscales of Acer pseudo-
platanus. This tree has its natural distribution
in central and eastern Europe and western Asia,
and H. carpatica seems to follow the natural
distribution of its host tree. In Great Britain A.
pseudoplatanus is considered as doubtfully na-
tive, but H. carpatica occurs in all central and
eastern European countries. The six records from
Sweden are all on oak. In England on Ulmus and
Fagus. In literature the species has been record-
ed followingly: Russia (Ghobad-Nejhad et al.
2009); Austria (Gerhold 2000); Czechia, Slova-
kia, Romania, Ukraine, etc. (Tomšovský 2001);
Germany (Krieglsteiner 1993, 2000); England
(Ainsworth 2004); Hungary (Papp 2013); Poland
(Chlebicki 2003, Krieglsteiner & Ławrynowicz
2003).
Voucher specimens studied: SWEDEN. Upp-
land. Ekebyholm near Rimbo, on Quercus,
18.XI.1917 Romell (1227, S, UPS, W. A frag-
ment of the substrata was checked by P. Wag-
ner, Copenhagen); Romell (3017, GB, S, W;
specimen from W was identied rst as H.
crassa later H. corticolor, det. V. Litschauer).
SWITZERLAND. Glarus. Braunwald, on Acer
pseudoplatanus, 15.X.1987 Baici (O). Schwyz.
Alpthal, entre Brunni et Holzegg, on Acer pseu-
doplatanus 28.VI.1987 Baici (LY-B-1992, LY).
H. carpatica grows on living trees (under bark-
scales) like H. ulmicola (in bark crevices). Ba-
sidiomes resemble H. subfuliginosa, but the
colour is light brown and the setal layer has
small crystals. Some authors have claimed that
this species is only found in Europe and only on
Acer pseudoplatanus (Krieglsteiner 1993: 80).
More investigations are needed: see also Kaur
et al. (2015), Parmasto (2001b) and Spirin et al.
(2015). Specimens on Acer pseudoplatanus fol-
low the natural distribution of the host in Central
Europe. Some specimens have been named as H.
corticola or H. subfuliginosa.
3. Hymenochaete caucasica Parmasto
– Figs. 3; 19,3; 20,3.
Mycobank no: MB 129855
Mikologia i Fitopatol. 20 (5): 375 (1986); Bon-
dartseva & Parmasto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS.
Aphyll. 1: 29 (1986); Bernicchia & Gorjón, Cor-
ticiaceae s.l.: 328 (2010), as H. minuscula G.H.
Cunningham (1957).
Holotype: GEORGIA. Tshakva District.
Thigeri, on Buxus colchica, 28.IX.1963 Parmas-
to (016997, TAA; isotypes in C, LY, examined).
Basidiome annual, eused, adnate, suberose,
0.5–2 cm in diam., then conuent and up to 10
cm long, thin (40-120 µm); hymenium smooth,
pale to dark ochraceous (K&W 5B–C4 to 5C4–
5); margin thin, farinose, concolorous with the
hymenium. Tomentum, cortex and setal layers
absent; hyphal layer composed of densely inter-
woven hyphae. Hyphal system monomitic; setal
hyphae absent. Generative hyphae 2.2–3.5 µm
in diam., brownish or brown, with thin or thick-
ened walls. Setae 28–45(–53) × 4.5–7.5(–9) um,
projecting up to 25 µm above the hymenium,
subulate, with acute tip. Hyphidia few, cylin-
drical, hyaline or yellowish, thin-walled, 2–3.5
µm in diam. Basidia 10–16 × 3.7–5 µm, slightly
utriform, with 4 thin sterigmata. Spores 4.5–
5.6(–6.0) × 2–2.5 µm (Parmasto: 2 specimens;
4.87–4.92 × 2.17–2.25 µm; Q value 2.17–2.27),
short-cylindrical, slightly curved.
On fallen twigs and trunks of Buxus colchica
and Abies nordmanniana in Georgia in Caucasus.
Voucher specimen studied: GEORGIA. Hulo
District. Bakho, on Abies nordmanniana,
3.X.1963 Parmasto (TAAM 016035, K, LE, LY,
TAA).
Léger (1998) synonymized H. caucasica with H.
minuscula G. Cunn. Because of dierent colour,
size of setae, size of spores and dierent distribu-
tion, we prefer to recognize the species as dier-
ent taxa (Parmasto 2012).

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 55
4. Hymenochaete cinnamomea (Pers.: Fr.)
Bres. – Figs. 4; 19,4; 20,4.
Mycobank no: MB 224858
I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III 3: 110 (1897). - Bour-
dot & Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 182 (1923)
and Hymenomycetes de France: 389. (1927); Pi-
lát, Hedwigia 70: 113 (1930); Skovsted, Compt.-
rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. physiol. 25 (17): 413,
g. 14 (1956); Jahn, Westfäl. Pilzbriefe 8: 139,
f. 26 (1971); Bondartseva & Parmasto, Clavis
diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1: 29 (1986); Léger,
Hymenochaete: 91, f. 23 (1998); Bernicchia &
Gorjón Corticiaceae s.l.: 325 (2010). - Cortici-
um cinnamomeum (Fr.) Fr. Epicr. Syst. Mycol.:
561 (1838). – Hymenochaetella arida P. Karst.,
Bidr. Nat. Folk 48: 428 (1889). - H. arida (P.
Karst.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 9: 228 (1891); Bourdot
& Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 181 (1921)
and Hyménomycètes de France: 389 (1928);
Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 115 (1930); Jahn, Westfäl.
Pilzbriefe 8: 140 (1971); Bondartseva & Par-
masto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1: 27
(1986). – Hymenochaetella laxa P. Karst., Bidr.
Nat. Folk 48: 429 (1889). - H. spreta Peck, Ann.
Rep. N.Y. Mus. Nat. Hist. 30: 47 (1877) = H. cin-
namomea subsp. spreta (Peck) Parmasto, Folia
cryptog. Estonica 37: 62 (2001).
Icon. Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 292.
Jahn (1979): f. 130. Web. https://svampe.data-
basen.org/taxon/14930
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
up to 150 × 60 mm, 0.3–3 mm thick; hymenial
surface even, soon cracked, cinnamon brown to
chestnut brown (K&W 6D6–8, E7); margin dif-
fuse. Basidiome consist of one to many layers
of setae intermixed with hyphal layer, 30–120
µm thick, sometimes missing, hyphae loosely
arranged; setal layer 30–500 µm thick, compo-
sed of 1-few overlapping rows of setae. Hyphal
system monomitic. Generative hyphae 2.5–4 µm
in diam., subhyaline, thin-walled, branches di-
verging at a right angle. Setae very numerous,
60–120 × 4–9 µm, projecting to 90 µm, straight
or curved, fusoid to subulate, with acute and
thin tip, without incrustation, mostly enmeshed
in hyphal sheath. Hyphidia absent, but basidio-
les may simulate thickwalled hyphidia. Basidia
15–30 × 3–6 µm, subclavate, with four thin ste-
rigmata 4.5 µm long. Basidiospores 4.5–6.5 ×
1.8–2.8 µm (Parmasto: 14 specimens; 4.53–6.74
× 2.17–2.65 µm; Q value 1.91–2.79), cylindrical.
Causes white rot.
On basis of trunks and bushes, on fallen
branches, on woody debris, mostly on angio-
sperms, rarely conifers. Abies (4), Acer (7), Al-
nus (125), Asplenium (1), Betula (39), Buxus (7),
Fig. 3. Hymenochaete caucasica. Holotype. – Photo: P. Corxen

56 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Calluna (3), Carpinus (23), Castanea (5), Cistus
(2), Clematis (9), Cornus (13), Corylus (210),
Crataegus (4), Erica (2), Eucalyptus (1), Euony-
mus (1), Fagus (107), Fraxinus (6), Genista (1),
Hippophaes (1), Juniperus (13), Larix (1), Lau-
rus (1), Lavendula (1), Ligustrum (6), Malus (1),
Matteucia (1), Nymphaea (1), Picea (40), Pinus
(9), Populus (11), Prunus (56), Pterocarya (1),
Pyrus (1), Quercus (70), Rhamnus (1), Rhodo-
dendron (2), Rosa (21), Salix (73), Sorbus (29),
Taxus (3), Thymus (3), Tilia (38), Ulex (3), Ul-
mus (9), Vitis (1)
A cosmopolitan species. Found all over Eu-
rope and one of the commonest species. The
host spectrum is very wide ranging from the
preferred deciduous trees like Corylus, Alnus,
Fagus, Salix, Quercus, Prunus and several other,
through conifers like Picea, Pinus and Junipe-
rus to scattered records on various herbs and
ferns. Armenia (3), Austria (51), Azerbaijan (8),
Byelarus (8), Belgium (9), Bulgaria (1), Croatia
(1), Czechia (74), Denmark (55), England (23),
Estonia (78), Finland (78), France (62), Georgia
(4), Germany (61), Hungary (5), Italy 9), Latvia
(7), Lithuania (1), Luxembourg (1), Macedonia
(11), Moldova (8), Montenegro (1), Netherlands
(2), Northern Ireland (1), Norway (116), Poland
(7), Portugal (3), Russia (39), Scotland (7), Slo-
vakia (32), Spain (39), Sweden (258), Switzer-
land (15), Ukraine (138), Wales (1). In literature
reported from: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Russia (Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2009); Austria
(Gerhold 2000); Germany (Krieglsteiner 2000);
Hungary (Papp 2013); Macedonia (Karadelev
& Rusevska 2004/2005); Spain (Telleria 1990);
Switzerland (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986).
Exsiccata studied: Brinkmann, Westfälische
Pilze 54 (S, W), 67 (BPI, HBG, K, L, M, PC,
S, W); Fuckel, Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati 2613
(HBG, K, M); Libert, Plantae Cryptogamicae Ar-
duenna 122 (BR, HBG, K), Litschauer-Lohwag,
Fungi Selecti Exsiccati Europaei 36 (L, M, PR),
37 (GB, L, M, PC, PR); Lundell & Nann feldt,
Fungi Exsiccati Suecici Upsalienses 2233 (C, K,
PC, PR, S, W), 2234 (C, K, PC, S, UPS, W); Par-
masto, Mycotheca Estonica 4 (GB, H, K, L, O,
PR, S, TUR); Petrak, Flora Bohemiae et Mora-
viae Exsiccata 1605 (BR, BRNM, C, E, HBG, K,
M, S); Pilát, Fungi Carpatici Lignicoli Exsiccati
38 (BR, K, W), 40 (BR, K, W), 145 (BPI, BR,
K); Saccardo, Mycotheca italica 1206 (HBG, L)
as Hypochnus fulvescens; Smarods, Fungi Lat-
vici Exsiccati 567 (PR, W); Weese, Eumycetes
Selecti Exsiccati 52 (BPI, M, PR, W).
Types studied: Hymenochaetella laxa, FIN-
LAND. Varsinais-Suomi. Turku, Ruissalo,
1.IV.1861 Karsten (1439, H). Hymenochae-
tella arida. Etelä-Häme. Tammela, Mustiala,
VII.1865 Karsten (809, H).
Fig. 4. Hymenochaete cinnamomea. Denmark, Korsør Skov, 21.VII.1974 Hauerslev 4778
(C-F-12874, C) – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 57
Voucher specimens studied: DENMARK.
Korsør Skov, 21.VII.1974 Hauerslev (KH 4778,
C-F-12874, C). FRANCE. Ardeche, St. Peray,
on Quercus ilex, 17.XI.1957 Boidin (LY 2832,
LY). ITALY. Latina. Circeo Nat. Park, Selva de
Circeo, on Eucalyptus, 22.X.1984 Hjortstam et
al. (Hjm 14912, O). NORWAY. Sör-Tröndelag.
Trondheim, Leinesøra, Gaulas utløb, on Corylus,
28.VIII.1982 Ryvarden (LR 20267, 0). SPAIN.
Asturias. Sierra de Caniellas, hayedo de Mon-
sterio de Hermo, on Fagus, 16.VI.1983 Brito et
al. (895 MD, MA). SWEDEN. Uppland. Alsike
sn, Rickebasta träsk, on Picea, 26.IV.1933 Lun-
dell (1311 UPS).
Typical specimens are easily determined by the
loosely arranged hyphae between each layer of
hymenium. However, often this layer can be
missing and then there can be several hymenium
layers between the hyphal layers. This structure
is often seen outside the boreal zone. This form
was named subsp. spreta (Parmasto 2001b: 143).
Some specimens can be very light brown to near-
ly white. This form was earlier called H. arida.
The long often slender setae mostly enmeshed in
hyphal sheaths is a good character. Many speci-
mens named as H. arida and H. spreta, but also
misidentied in herbaria as H. corrugata, H.
fuliginosa, H. subfuliginosa and H. tabacina.
5. Hymenochaete cruenta (Pers.: Fr.) Donk
– Figs. 5; 19,5; 20,5.
Mycobank no: MB 332302.
Persoonia 1: 51. (1959); Thelephora cruenta
Pers., Syn. Fung. 575 (1805); Fr., Syst. Mycol.
1: 444 (1821); Léger, Cryptog. Mycol. 6(2): 145
(1985); Hymenochaete 104, f. 27, 28 C. (1998).
Parmasto, Czech. Mycol. 52: 308. (2001). Ber-
nicchia & Gorjón, Corticiaceae s.l.: 327 (2010).
- Hymenochaete mougeotii (Fr.) Cooke, Grevil-
lea 8: 147 (1879); Bourdot & Galzin, Bull. Soc.
mycol. Fr. 38: 180 (1921) and Hyménomycètes
de France: 389 (1928); Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 104
(1930); Jahn, Westfäl. Pilzbriefe 8: 137, f. 24, 42
(1971); Bondartseva & Parmasto, Clavis diagn.
fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1: 35 (1986).
Icon. Bernicchia & Gorjón (2010): 839. Breiten-
bach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 295. Jahn (1979): f.
127, as H. mougeotii. Krieglsteiner (2000): 211.
Web. http://mycology.su/hymenochaete-cruen-
ta.html.
Basidiome annual, resupinate to euse-reexed,
closely adnate, up to 100 × 30 mm, 0.2–0.5 mm
thick; hymenial surface smooth to slightly tu-
berculate, brownish red to vinaceous red (K&W
11D8), velvet; margin 1–5 mm, entire, concolo-
Fig. 5. Hymenochaete cruenta. France, Hautes-Savoie, Sixt, on coniferous wood, 7.IX.1957
Boidin (LY 2745, LY). – Photo: P. Corxen

58 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Fig. 6. Hymenochaete fuliginosa. Spain. Huesca, 11 km N of Hecho, 1100 m, on Abies, 10.XI.1977 Ryvarden 15117
(O). – Photo: P. Corxen
rous with the hymenium. Tomentum up to 100
µm thick; cortex 20–30 µm thick composed of
agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer 100–150 µm
thick with compactly longitudinally arranged
hyphae; subhymenium with tramal setae; setal
layer 40–60 µm thick, normally one-layered.
Hyphal system monomitic, tramal setae curved,
50–60 × 5–8 µm; hyphae 2–4 µm in diam. Setae
very numerous, 40–90 × 5–8 µm, projecting up
to 60 µm, fusoid, with acute tip, without incru-
station. Dendrophyses 20–55 µm, with 3–4 bran-
ches. Basidia up to 20–30 × 4–5 µm. Basidiospo-
res 6.5–8.5 × 1.5–2.8 µm (Parmasto: 1 specimen;
6.69 × 2.39 µm; Q value 2.80), cylindric or su-
ballantoid.
More than 400 collections were seen, the
overwhelming majority on Abies alba; other sub-
strates include A. cephalonica (1). A. grandis (1),
A. normanniana (1), Larix? (1) and Picea excelsa
(3). Two collections on Fagus may be misiden-
tied or originate from localities with a strong
spore-pressure from neighboring Abies. The spe-
cies follows the distribution of Abies in Europe
and Asia, but also in southern Argentina on an
angiosperm tree. In Europe Hymenochaete cru-
enta is narrowly connected to Abies as its host.
In Europe it is found in all countries where Abies
has native occurrences, e.g. Austria (45), Croatia
(9), Czechia (78), France (66), Germany (116),
Greece (1), Italy (9), Montenegro (2), Poland
(10), Romania (2), Russia (3), Serbia (1), Slova-
kia (32), Slovenia (2), Spain (2), Switzerland (26)
and Ukraine (1). In literature it has been reported
followingly: Austria (Gerhold 2000); Germany
(Krieglsteiner 2000); Georgia, Russia (Ghobad-
Nejhad et al. 2009); Macedonia (Karadelev &
Rusevska 2004/2005). Spain (Telleria 1990);
Switzerland (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986).
Outside the natural area of Abies alba, it has
been recorded from Belgium (1), England (10),
Ireland (3) and the Netherlands (2). So far it has
not been found in the otherwise well investigated
Nordic countries, and it is clear that its distribu-
tion is not only limited by its host, but also by
climatic conditions, avoiding areas with too cold
winters.
Exsiccata studied: Allescher & Schnabl, Fungi
Bavarici 130 & 130b (C, HBG, L, M, NY, S);
Krieger, Fungi Saxonici Exsiccati 568 (BPI, FI,

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 59
H, HBG, JE, K, M, NY, S); Kryptogamae exsic-
catae 2505 (BPI, BR, C, G, H, JE, K, L, LD, M,
MA); Litschauer-Lohwag, Fungi Selecti Exsic-
cati Europaei 81 (GB, L, M, PC, PR); Petrak,
Mycotheca generalis 563 (B, BPI, G, K, M, PR);
Plantae graecenses 258 (B, H, LD, M, PR); Ra-
benhorst-Winter, Fungi Europaei 3639 (BR, C,
G, H, HBG, K, L, M, S); Reliquiae Petrakianae
513 (B, H, K, M, PR, S); Roumeguère, Fungi se-
lecti Gallici exsiccati. 5 (BR, G, HBG, K, NEU,
RO), 3705 (BR, DBN, G, K, NY); Stirpes Cryp-
togamae Vogeso-Rhenanae 581 (BR, E, JE, K,
W); Thümen, Fungi Austriaci Exsiccati 488 (S).
Voucher specimens studied: CZECH RE-
PUBLIC. Sobeslav, on Abies, VIII.1925 Ve-
sely (L). ENGLAND. Yorkshire. Barnard
Castle, 1.V.1930 Mason (K). FRANCE. Bas-
ses-Pyrénées. Gabas, on Abies pectinata,
3.III.1964 Beller (LY 4641, LY). Hautes-Savoie.
Sixt, on coniferous wood, 7.IX.1957 Boidin (LY
2745, LY). GERMANY. Baden. Schwarzwald
by St. Peter, on Abies alba, 14.V.1975 Jahn &
Jahn (LISU). ITALY. Trient. Andalo, on Abies
pectinata, VIII.1896 Bresadola (S). SWITZER-
LAND. Neuchâtel. Côte de Chaumont, on Abies
alba, 23.XI.1969 Keller (NEU).
The red colour make this species easy to notice
and identify. The sibling species Hymenochaete
sphaericola Lloyd (= H. murashkinskyi Pilát)
on Rhododendron, Quercus and other decidu-
ous trees in South Asia and Australia (Parmasto
2001a) has broader spores. H. konradii is red
brown and with shorter dendrophyses. Some-
times misidentied in herbaria as H. tabacina.
6. Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) Lév.
– Figs. 6; 19,6; 20,6.
Mycobank no: MB 202537
Ann. sci. nat. Bot. III 5: 152 (1846); Bourdot &
Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 184 (1921) and
Hyménomycètes de France: 392 (1928); Pilát,
Hedwigia 70 (1/2): 121 (1930). Jahn, Westfäl.
Pilzbriefe 8 (4-7): 142, f. 29, 33 (1971); Bond-
artseva & Parmasto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS.
Aphyll. 1: 33 (1986); Léger, Hymenochaete
145, f. 48 (1998); Bernicchia & Gorjón, Corti-
ciaceae s.l.: 328 (2010), incl. H. subfuliginosa.–
Thelephora fuliginosa Pers. Mycol. Eur. 1: 145
(1822). Type possible lost. – Hymenochaetella
fusca P. Karst. Hedwigia 35: 174 (1896).
Icon. Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 294.
Web. https://artportalen.se/Image/1511620
Basidiome eused, closely adnate, 5–50 × 10–
100 mm, 0.05–0.5 mm thick; hymenial surface
even, later densely cracked, dark umber or dark
chocolate brown (K&W 7E4–5); margin thin,
abrupt, light brown when young, later darker
than the hymenium. Cortex absent; hyphal layer
absent; setal layer 40–600 µm thick, composed
of overlapping rows of setae. Hyphal system mo-
nomitic. Generative hyphae 2–4 µm in diam.,
subhyaline, thin-walled. Setae very numerous,
65–100 × 7–11 µm, projecting 25–60 µm, fuso-
id, with acute and thin tip, without incrustations,
naked or rarely enmeshed in hyphal sheath. Hyp-
hidia absent. Basidia 15–20 × 4–5 µm, subclav-
ate, with four thin sterigmata, 4–5 µm long. Ba-
sidiospores 4.6–6.4 × 1.8–2.8 µm (Parmasto: 18
specimens; 4.63–6.43 × 2.35–2.92 µm; Q value
1.75–2.52), cylindrical. Causes white rot.
On fallen trunks and branches of all kinds of
coniferous trees: Picea (215), Pinus (48), Abies
(26), Juniperus (24), Larix (3) and Taxus (1). In
northern Europe also on a few deciduous genera,
e.g. Salix (40), Alnus (5) and Populus (3). Oc-
curs in North America, Europe, temperate Asia.
In Europe mostly in boreal and subalpine zones.
Material has been studied from: Austria (48), Be-
larus (2), Croatia (2), Czechia (41), Denmark (2),
Estonia (25), Finland (26), France (7), Georgia
(1), Germany (12), Italy (3), Montenegro (1),
Macedonia (2), Norway (85), Russia (17), Slo-
vakia (66), Spain (2), Sweden (190), Switzerland
(8), Ukraine (15). In literature reproted from:
Austria (Gerhold 1998 and 2000); Germany
(Krieglsteiner 2000); Georgia, Russia (Ghobad-
Nejhad et al. 2009); Hungary (Papp 2013) ;
Macedonia (Karadelev & Rusevska 2004/2005);
Spain (Telleria 1990); Switzerland (Breitenbach
& Kränzlin 1986).
Exsiccata studied: Lundell & Nannfeldt, Fungi
exsiccati Suecici Upsaliensis 2236 (C, K, PC,
PR, S, U, W), 2237 (C, K, PC, PR, S, U); Petrak,
Flora Bohemiae et Moraviae Exsiccata 2362
(BRNM, C, E, K, M, PR, S); Pilát, Fungi Car-
patici Lignicoli Exsiccati 93 (BR, K, PR, W).

60 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Type studied: Hymenochaetella fusca P. Karst.
FINLAND. Etelä-Häme. Mustiala, VI.1897
Lindroth (1378, H). SWEDEN. VIII.1880 Star-
bäck (1635 H).
Voucher specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Nied-
er-Österreich. by Unter-Tullnerbach, on Abies
pectinata, 4.IX.1932 Litschauer (W). CZECH
REPUBLIC. Jeseniky (Keprnik), VII.1947 Pi-
lát (PR). DENMARK. Møn. Jydelejefaldet,
on Picea, 10.X.1994 Læssøe (TL-3664, C-F-
23834, C). FINLAND. Satakunta. Kankaan-
pää, Vihteljärvi, on Alnus incana 28.VIII.1937
Laurila (TUR). GERMANY. Bayern. Bayer-
ische Alpen, Allgäu, Oberstaufen, on coniferous
trees, VIII.1921 Killermann (M). NORWAY.
Oppland. Gausdal, Ormtjernkampen nasjonal
park, on Salix caprea, 2.VIII.1973 Ryvarden
(LR 12024, O). SPAIN. Huesca. 11 km N of
Hecho, 1100 m, on Abies, 10.XI.1977 Ryvarden
(LR 15117, O). SWEDEN. Jämtland. Åre sn,
Storlien, on Picea abies, 28.VIII.1951 Erksson.
& Eriksson (5445, UPS). UKRAINE. Carpa-
torossia. Velky Bockov, on Abies alba, VII.1930
Pilát (93, 5950,33, BR).
Most common on coniferous wood. In boreal zo-
nes it is also found on deciduous wood especially
Salix. Specimens on Quercus belong to H. sub-
fuliginosa, which in addition has smaller spores
(4.5–5.5 × 2.7–3.2 µm) and thicker basidiomes.
In herbaria some specimens are named H. cinna-
momea and H. corrugata.
7. Hymenochaete jaapii Corxen sp. nova
– Figs. 7; 19,7; 20,7.
Mycobank no: MB 820915
Resembling H. cinnamomea, but without the
layers of loose hyphae, setae 30–65 × 4–8 µm.
Typus: GERMANY. Brandenburg. Prignitz,
Triglitz, on twig of Rubus plicatus, 11.IV. 1906
Jaap, Fungi selecti exsiccati 340, sub nom. H.
cinnamomea, (C-F-13244, C, holotype; isotypi
in B, DBN, E, HBG, JE, K, KRA, L, M, O, PC,
S, TUR, W.)
Etymology: In honour of the German botanist
Otto Jaap (1864-1922), who collected many fun-
gi and made many exsiccates. One of these is the
type of the new species.
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
5–50 × 5–20 mm, 0.3–1.2 mm thick; hymenial
surface even, soon cracked, cinnamon brown to
dark brown (K&W 6D5–7); margin thin, conco-
lorous. Cortex and hyphal layer absent; setal lay-
Fig. 7. Hymenochaete jaapii. Holotype. – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 61
er 40–500 µm thick, composed of overlapping
rows of setae. Hyphal system subdimitic. Gene-
rative hyphae 2–3.5 µm in diam., subhyaline,
thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3–5 µm in diam.,
thick-walled, brown. Setae very numerous, 30–
65 × 4–8 µm, projecting 30–40 µm, subulate to
fusoid, with acute tip, without incrustations, na-
ked or rarely enmeshed in hyphal sheaths. Basi-
dia 15–25 × 4–6 µm, subclavate, with four thin
sterigmata, 4–5 µm long. Basidiospores 5.0–6.9
× 2.0–2.9 µm, cylindrical. Causes white rot.
On twigs of various angiospermic hosts, rare-
ly on conifers and one collection on mosses. The
preferred hosts are both from Rosaceae (Rubus
(15) and Rosa (9)) and other hosts also include
small scrubs: Acer (4), Betula (1), Carpinus (2),
Cornus (4), Corylus (4), Fagus (1), Fraxinus (3),
Ligustrum (1), Myrica (1), Physocarpus (2), Po-
pulus (1), Prunus (3), Quercus (1), Rhamnus (4),
Salix (2) and Symphoricarpus (1). A few records
are from conifers: Abies (1), Picea (1), Pinus (1)
and one from the moss Thuidium tamariscinum
(1). Only known from Europe where the distri-
bution covers a wide area, with a center in Cze-
chia (35) and Germany (25), but also known
from various other areas: Belgium (3), Denmark
(15), England (3), France (1), Italy (1), Scotland
(1), Slovakia (2) and Sweden (1).
Exsiccata studied: Brinkman, Westfälische Pilze
312 (S) as H. arida; Jaap, Fungi Selecti Exsiccati
340 (B, C, DBN, E, HBG, JE, K, KRA, L, M, O,
PC, S, TUR, W) as H. cinnamomea; Klotzschii
Herbarium Mycologicae 1217 (L, M) as H. cin-
namomea; Krieger, Fungi Saxonici Exsiccati
1422 (HBG, JE, K, M, S, W) as H. cinnamomea.
Voucher specimens studied: CZECH REPUB-
LIC. Radotin, on Rosa canina, III.1923 Pilát
(HBG, K, L). DENMARK. Kongelunden, on Be-
tula, 21.I.1953 Christiansen 2738 (C-F-103340,
C); same location and date, on Abies (2739, C-F-
103341, C). Stubberup, on Picea, 24.IX.1977
Corxen 3718 (C-F-12901, C). ENGLAND.
Batheaston, on Rubus fruticosus, 30.XII.1863
& 1.III.1869 Broome (K). FRANCE. Ain,
Crémieux, on Corylus, 19.IX.1954 Boidin (LY
1750 (LY)). ITALY. Trient. on Rubus ulmifolii,
III.1898 Bresadola (S). SWEDEN. Alingsås,
S of Valsjön, on Pinus,
22.IV.1968 Hjortstam (GB).
H. jaapii has the same appearance as H. cin-
namomea but diers in having shorter setae and
the lack of the intermixed hyphal layer. Skovs-
ted (1950) observed two specimens of H. cin-
namomea with dierent characters. These speci-
mens are included in H. jaapii. Most specimens
in herbaria were named as H. cinnamomea, but
also as H. corrugata.
8. Hymenochaete konradii (Pilát) J.C. Léger
– Figs. 8; 19,8; 20,8.
Mycobank no: MB 105376.
Cryptog. Mycol. 6(2): 145 (1985); Léger, Le
genre Hymenochaete Léveillé: 169 (1998) - Hy-
menochaete tabacina var. konradii Pilát Hedwi-
gia 70: 110 (1931).
Holotype: CZECH REPUBLIC. Bohemia.
Konrad (PR 687122, PR, examined)
Basidiome annual, resupinate, closely adnate,
circular, up to 15 mm, 0.1–0.2 mm thick; hy-
menial surface even to verrucose, light brown
to reddish (K&W 7D–E8), velvety; margin thin,
entire, light grey. Tomentum up to 250 µm yellow
to brown; cortex 10–70 µm thick, composed of
agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer 90–120 µm
thick, hyphae compactly longitudinally arran-
ged; subhymenium with tramal setae; setal layer
30–60 µm thick. Hyphal system monomitic, tra-
mal setae curved, 50–60 × 6–9 µm; hyphae 2–4
µm in diam. Setae very numerous, 60–80 × 6–8
µm, projecting up to 40 µm, conical fusoid, with
acute tip, without incrustations. Dendrophyses
10–15 µm, with few branches up to 7 µm long.
Basidia up to 12 × 4 µm. Basidiospores 6–6.5 ×
2 µm, cylindric.
On branches of broadleaved trees. Only known
from few collections in Eurasia: Czechia and
Siberia (Sajan Mts.). Resembles H. cruenta, but
the colour is brownish and the hyphidia have
only a few branches.

62 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Fig. 9. Hymenochaete longispora. Spain, Balearics, Island of Cabrera, on twig of Erica multiora ?, 15.XI.1992 Rob-
erts 628 (O). – Photo: P. Corxen
Fig. 8. Hymenochaete konradii. Russia, Sayan Mts., on Salix, 15.VIII.1932 Krawtzev (PR 687121, PR). – Photo:
P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 63
9. Hymenochaete longispora Parmasto
– Figs. 9; 19,9; 20,9.
Mycobank no: MB 129857
Mikol. Fitopatol. 20: 375 (1986). Bondartseva &
Parmasto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1:
34 (1986). He & Li, Guihaia 32: 20 (2012).
Holotype: RUSSIA. Primorsk. Chugujevski, on
Syringa amurensis, 11.XI.1975 Parmasto 47774
(TAA).
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
5–60 × 2–10 mm, 0.1–0.3 mm thick; hymenial
surface even, soon cracked in transverse pattern,
dark brown to grey brown (K&W 6F7–6D3);
margin thin, orange brown. Cortex 10 µm thick,
rust brown, composed of agglutinated hyphae;
setal layer 50–200 µm thick, composed of over-
lapping rows of setae. Hyphal system subdimitic.
Generative hyphae 2–3.5 µm in diam., subhya-
line, thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3–5 µm in
diam., thick-walled, brown. Setae very numer-
ous, 80–150 × 7–13 µm, projecting up to 100 µm,
subulate to fusoid, seldom obtuse, with narrowly
acute and thin tip, without incrustations, naked
or rarely enmeshed in hyphal sheaths, often with
a broken tip. Basidia 20–28 × 5–7 µm, utriform,
with four thin sterigmata, 4–5 µm long. Basidi-
ospores 8.5–10.5 × 3.2–4.2 µm, cylindrical, with
one side attened. Causes white rot.
On twigs of Erica multiora (1) and Alnus in-
cana, Padus racemosa and Syringa amurensis
(Parmasto 1986). Has been collected in Europe,
Asia (Altay and Primorsk in Russia) and in
China (Guangdong Province ) (Parmasto 1986,
He & Li 2012). In Europe only known from one
Spanish record.
Voucher specimens studied: RUSSIA. Gorno-
Altaisk. Near Teletskoye Lake, Chulyshman, on
fallen trunk of Alnus incana, 8.IX.1959 Parmas-
to (TAA 7998, C, TAA, K, LY). SPAIN, Balear-
ics Islands. Island of Cabrera, on twig of Erica
multiora?, 15.XI. 1992 Roberts (628, O).
H. contiformis G. Cunn. (1957) has the same size
of setae and spores, but the setal layer is full of
crystals and basidia are subclavate. Distribution
of H. contiformis is dierent, i.e., Brasil, China
(Yunnan), Costa Rica, Jamaica, New Zealand,
Réunion and Venezuela.
10. Hymenochaete pilatii Corxen & Parmasto
sp. nova – Figs. 10; 19, 10; 20,10.
Mycobank no: MB 820918
Hymenochaete tabacina f. crocata Bourdot &
Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. France 38:181 (1921)
and Hyménomycètes de France: 389 (1928), incl.
f. eusa; Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 109 (1930), excl.
f. eusa (= H. cinnamomea); not Thelephora
crocata Fr., Elench. Fung. I: 173 (1828) and not
Thelephora cerasi Pers. Myc. Eur. 1: 125 (1822).
Resembling Hymenochaetopsis tabacina but
without cortex and setae not eroding; two kinds
of setae present: 1) fusiform 50–85 × 5–12 µm,
projecting up to 30 µm, with acute tip, 2) dome
shaped, 35–60 × 6–9 µm, projecting up to 20 µm
with obtuse tip.
Typus: CZECH REPUBLIC, Radotin, on Rosa
canina, XII.1922 Pílat (PR 687108, PR, holo-
type; possible isotypes in L, HBG and BRNM).
Etymology: In honour of the eminent Czech my-
cologist Albert Pilát (1903-1974), who gathered
huge collections and is the author of the mono-
graph on European stereoid fungi including Hy-
menochaete.
Basidiome annual, with well developed pilei, ef-
fuso-reexed to resupinate, closely adnate, soft
coriaceus, but brittle when dry. Pilei dimidiate
on vertical substrate, 5–15 × 5–25 mm, conuent
on horizontial substrate, 5–40 × 10–many mm,
0.2–0.6 mm thick; surface radially brillose, sil-
ky, glabrous when old, with concentric zones,
rust brown, greyish or dark brown (6E4–E6);
margin thin, entire, golden yellow when young.
Hymenium smooth, usually concentrically zona-
ted, cracked when old, yellowish brown (6E6).
Tomentum up to 200 µm thick; cortex absent;
hyphal layer 70–120 µm thick, hyphae compac-
tly longitudinally arranged; setal layer up to 50
µm thick, composed of one row of setae. Hyp-
hal system subdimitic. Generative hyphae 2–3.5
µm in diam., subhyaline, thin-walled; sklereed
hyphae 3–5 µm in diam., thick-walled, brown.

64 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Fig. 10. Hymenochaete pilatii. Sweden, Skåne, Båstad, Paulins Udde, on Prunus padus, 24 III.1948 Eriksson & Eriks-
son 2432 (GB). – Photo: P. Corxen
Setae numerous, of two kinds: 1) 50–85 × 5–12
µm, projecting up to 30 µm, fusiform to subulate
with acute tip, 2) domeshaped 35–60 × 6–9 µm,
projecting up to 20 µm with obtuse tip. Hyphidia
numerous, not well dierentiated, 1.5–3 µm in
diam., thin-walled, subhyaline. Basidia 15–25
× 3–5 µm, clavate or subclavate, with four thin
sterigmata, 4–5 µm long. Basidiospores 5.3–6.1
× 2.3–3 µm, cylindrical, slightly curved. Causes
white rot.
Mostly on deciduous scrubs: Alnus (4),
Amelanchier (2), Cerasus (1), Cistus (1), Cory-
lus (8), Crataegus (3), Cytisus (1), Frangula (1),
Lonicera (1), Prunus (23), Ribes (3), Rosa (17),
Salix (3), Sorbus (2), Spiraea (4), Symphoricar-
pus (1) and Syringa (1). More rarely also on de-
ciduous trees: Acer (1), Betula (1), Fagus (1) and
Ulmus (1). Only one record from conifers: Picea
(1). Only known from Europe where the records
come from a wide range from Norway to Italy
and from the Atlantic to Russia. A possible center
could be in Central Europe, but may be obscured
by the many collections of Pilat are in Czechia:
Austria (2), Belgium (1), Czechia (45), Denmark
(2), France (7), Germany (26), Italy (1), Norway
(4), Russia (2), Scotland (1), Slovakia (1), Swe-
den (4), Switzerland (2), Ukraine (2).
Exsiccata studied: Petrak, Flora Bohemiae et
Moraviae Exsiccata 1362 (BR, BRNM, E, HBG,
K, PR, S); Roumeguère, Fungi Selecti Gallici
Exsiccati 6743 (G); Sydow, Mycotheca Marchi-
ca 4414 (B, HBG, K, S); all as H. tabacina.
Voucher specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Tirol.
Pitztal, Wenns, 20.VIII.1921 Litschauer (M, W).
DENMARK. Halskov, 15.IV.1961 Hauerslev
(C-F-13207, C). FRANCE. Allier, St. Priest, on
Corylus, 30.X.1910 Bourdot (HB 12571, PC, as
H. tabacina f. juvenile). GERMANY. Triglitz
in der Prignitz, 5.XI.1910 Jaap (HBG); ITALY.
Trient. 1886 Bresadola (M). NORWAY. Hed-
mark. Grue, Smiden gård, 1.XI.1929 Jørstad
(O). RUSSIA. Petrograd District. Ganeschin
(174896, LE). SCOTLAND. Morayshire. For-
res, on Prunus padus, Keith (K). SWEDEN.
Skåne. Båstad, Paulins Udde, on Prunus padus,
24.III.1948 Eriksson & Eriksson (2432, GB).
H. pilatii has the same appearance as Hymeno-
chaetopsis tabacina, but the colour of the hy-

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 65
menium is more yellowish brown and missing
the cortex layer. Job & Keller (1988) observed
the two kinds of setae in a collection from Swit-
zerland and named it H. attenuata (Switzerland,
Jura, Forêt près de Develier, on Alnus, 18.X.1987
Keller, JK 4212, NEU). The rst author has ex-
amined this specimen and found it dierent from
H. attenuata, but with the same characters as H.
pilatii. Most specimens in herbaria were named
H. tabacina, especially f. crocata, but also H.
cinnamomea and H. corrugata.
11. Hymenochaete rhododendri Corxen &
Parmasto sp. nova – Figs. 11; 19, 11; 20,11.
Mycobank no: MB 820920
Hymenochaete tabacina f. rhododendri Rehm in
Thümen, Fungi austriaci 1211 (not valid publica-
tion). Pilát Hedwigia 70: 110 (1931), Poelt, Ber.
Bayer. Bot. Ges. 33: 97 (1960), Jahn, Westfäl.
Pilzbriefe 8: 137 (1971), Léger, Hymenochae-
te: 274 (1998); Gerhold, Ber. Nat. Med. Verein
Innsbruck 86: 21 pp (1999).
Resembling Hymenochaetopsis tabacina, but se-
tae smaller (45–75 × 8–14 µm), with only slight-
ly eroding tips; spores smaller (4.5–4.9 × 1.5–1.8
µm); on Rhododendron and allied plants.
Typus: AUSTRIA. Tyrol. Ötztaler Alpen,
Kraunertaler Gletcherstrasse, 2070 m, on Rhodo-
dendron ferrugineum, 3.VI.2005 Gerhold (holo-
type, C-F-102286, C).
Etymology: The Hymenochaete of Rhododen-
dron.
Basidiome annual, eused-reexed, closely ad-
nate, soft coriaceous, but brittle when dry. Pilei
dimidiate on vertical substrate, up to 5 × 20 mm,
conuent on horizontal substrate up to 10 mm
diam., up to 0.3 mm thick, surface radially bril-
lose, silky, glabrous when old with concentric
zones, dark brown (6E5–E7); margin thin, enti-
re, light brown when young. Hymenium smoo-
th, usually concentrically zonate, cracked when
old, greyish brown (6D3). Tomentum up to 80
µm thick; cortex up to 25 µm thick, composed of
agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer up to 80 µm
thick, hyphae compactly longitudinally arran-
Fig. 11. Hymenochaete rhododrendri. Austria, Tyrol, Ötztaler Alpen, Kraunertaler Gletcherstrasse, 2070 m, on Rhodo-
dendron ferrugineum, 3.VI.2005 Gerhold (C-F-102286, C). – Photo: P. Corxen

66 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
ged; setal layer up to 120 µm thick, composed
of one row of setae. Hyphal system subdimitic,
solidary tramal setae occasionally present, up
to 150 × 6–8 µm, thick-walled, with acute tip.
Generative hyphae 2–3 µm in diam., subhyali-
ne, thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3-4 µm diam.,
thick-walled, brown. Setae numerous, 45–75 ×
8–14 µm, fusiform to subulate, with acute tips,
often with short tip, naked or slightly eroding.
Basidia 15 × 5 µm, subclavate. Basidiospores
4.5–4.9 × 1.5–1.8 µm (Parmasto: 4 specimens;
4.56–4.82 × 1.52–1.75 µm; Q value 2.60–3.07),
cylindrical.
On Rhododendron ferrugineum, R. sicho-
tense, Ledum (=Rhododendron) sp. Only known
from alpine sites in Europe (Austria, Germany,
Italy and Switzerland) and Russian Far East.
Exsiccata studied: Rabenhorst-Winter, Fungi
Europaei 2932 (BR, H, HBG, K, L, M, NEU,
S, W), Thümen, Fungi austriaci Exsiccati 1211
(DBN, K, PR, RO,W).
Voucher specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Tirol.
Ötzaler Alpen, inner Pitztal, 1720 m, on Rhodo-
dendron ferrugineum, 28.IV.2005 Gerhold (TAA
189307, TAA). ITA LY. Riva Valdobbia, on R.
ferrugineum, 6.V.1863 Carestia (262, S). SWIT-
ZERLAND. Wallis, Törbel near Stalden, 2000
m, on R. ferrugineum, VIII.1947 Pilát (687084,
PR).
This new species is well known as a form of H.
tabacina on Rhododendron. Setae are smaller,
45–75 × 8–14 µm, versus H. tabacina, 52–100
× 7–18 µm; tips only slightly eroding versus H.
tabacina, strongly eroding. Spores are smaller,
4.5–4.9 × 1.5–1.8 µm, versus H. tabacina, 4.8–
6.7 × 1.6–2.6 µm.
12. Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lév.
– Figs. 12; 19,12; 20,12.
Mycobank no: MB 215861
Léveillé, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III 5: 151 (1846);
Bourd. & Galz., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 183
(1921) and Hyménomycètes de France: 390
(1928); Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 117 excl. var. sub-
fuliginosa and f. minuta (1930); Skovsted,
Compt.-rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. physiol. 25
(17): 414, g. 15. (1956); Jahn, Westfäl. Pilzbr.
8: 135, g. 2, 21; Abb. 5 (1971); Bondartseva
& Parmasto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll.
1: 37 (1986); Léger, Hymenochaete 242, f. 92
(1998); Bernicchia & Gorjón, Corticiaceae s.l.:
328 (2010). – Helvella rubiginosa Dicks. Plant.
Crypt. Brit. 1: 20 (1785). – Hymenochaete fer-
ruginea (Bull.: Fr.) Massee, J. Linn. Soc. Bot.
27: 103 (1890).
Type. Possibly lost (see Parmasto 2001b).
Icon. Bernicchia & Gorjón (2010): 839. Breiten-
bach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 296. Jahn (1979): f.
126. Krieglsteiner (2000): 213. Ryman & Hol-
måsen (1984):198. Web. https://svampe.databa-
sen.org/taxon/14934
Basidiome perennial, with well developed pilei
or euso-reexed, woody hard, attached to the
substratum with an umbonate point, sometimes
eused with slightly elevated margins. Pilei
single or a few imbricate, dimidiate, 5–35 × 5–50
mm, 0.3–2 mm thick; surface concentrically sul-
cate and zonate, velutinous to tomentose, reddish
brown to dark brown, later glabrous and dark rust
brown to blackish (K&W 6D6–F3). Margin thin
or thick, entire or lobate, lighter coloured than
Fig. 12. Hymenochaete rubiginosa. Denmark, Annebjerg
Skov, on Quercus, 27.II.1977 Corxen 3693 (C-F-12914,
C). – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 67
pileal surface (ochraceous brown), later con-
colorous. Hymenium smooth or with scattered
hemisphaerical tubercles, usually not cracked,
reddish brown, brown or blackish brown (K&W
6E4, 7D3–E6). Eused basidiomes up to 50
mm long, adaxial surface concentrically sulcate,
tomentose. Tomentum up to 250 µm thick, darker
than hyphal layer; cortex 30–55 µm thick, rust
brown, composed of agglutinated hyphae; hyp-
hal layer 100–600 µm thick, hyphae compactly
longitudinally arranged; setal layer 70–500 µm
thick, composed of overlapping rows of setae.
Hyphal system subdimitic, setal hyphae absent.
Generative hyphae 2–3.5 µm in diam., subhya-
line, thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3–5 µm in
diam., thick-walled, brown. Setae very nume-
rous, 40–80 × 7–10 µm, projecting 30–60 µm,
fusoid, some with slightly curved upper part,
with acute tips, without incrustations, naked or
rarely enmeshed in a hyphal sheath. Hyphidia
numerous, not well dierentiated, 1.5–3 µm in
diam., thin-walled, subhyaline. Basidia 15–25 ×
4–6 µm, subclavate, with four thin sterigmata,
4–5 µm long. Basidiospores 3.5–5.5 × 2–3 µm
(Parmasto: 14 specimens; 3.59–5.14 × 2.11–2.83
µm; Q value 1.54–1.99), elongate ellipsoid.Cau-
ses white pocket rot.
On fallen trunks, branches and especially on
stumps of Cupuliferae. In northern Europe al-
most exclusively on Quercus, in southern Eu-
rope also on Castanea: Castanea sativa (2), Q.
castaneifolia (2), Q. canariensis (1), Q. cerris
(2), Q. faginea (6), Q. iberica (5), Q. ilex (4), Q.
macranthera (2), Q. petraea (= Q. sessilis and Q.
sessiliora) (26), Q. pubescens (5), Q. pyrenaica
(9), Q. robur (= Q. pedunculata) (213), Q. rubra
(1), Q. sp. (appr. 1000 collections seen). Other
substrates according to the labels are: Abies,
Acacia, Acer, Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Cory-
lus, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Ilex, Junipe-
rus, Larix, Olea, Picea, Pinus, Prunus, Robinia,
Salix, Sorbus and Ulmus, but all those the rst
author were able to check were Quercus, so far
there are no collections outside the Cupuliferae.
H. rubiginosa grows mainly in oak or mixed for-
ests, in mountains up to 1600 m (Armenia).
The species is cosmopolitan. In Europe it follows
several Quercus species throughout their Euro-
pean distribution, in the North to the Hemiboreal
zone, in the south to the Mediterranean mac-
chia shrubland an in the southern part of Europe
also on Castanea, a close relative of Quercus:
Armenia (5), Austria (75), Azerbaijan (7), Bel-
gium (42), Bulgaria (4), Belarus (4), Chechnya
(2), Croatia (7), Czechia (129), Denmark (390),
England (85), Estonia (38), Finland (82), France
(108), Georgia (9), Germany (253), Greece (1),
Hungary (3), Ireland (6), Italy (30), Latvia (14),
Lithuania (3), Luxembourg (2), Macedonia (9),
Moldova (4), Netherlands (6), Norway (94), Po-
land (41), Portugal (27), Romania (39), Russia
(33), Scotland (6), Slovakia (28), Slovenia (1),
Spain (78), Sweden (281), Switzerland (53),
Ukraine (35), Wales (8). In literature it has been
reproted from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Russia (Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2009); Austria
(Gerhold 2000); Germany (Krieglsteiner 2000);
Hungary (Papp 2013); Macedonia (Karadelev
& Rusevska 2004/2005). Spain (Telleria 1990);
Switzerland (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986).
Type studied: H. rubiginosa (not Helvella rubi-
ginosa Dicks.: Fr.!): USA. Ohio. Lloyd Herb.
3910 (FH; neotype designated by DeFigio, pub-
lished by Job 1990: 39).
Exsiccata studied: Allescher & Schnabl, Fun-
gi Bavarici 224 (C, M, HBG, NY); Brinkman,
Westfalische Pilze 42 (HBG, K, M); Cryptoga-
mae exsiccatae Vindobonensi 3335 (B, BR, C, G,
H, K, LD, M, MA, NY, PR, S, W); Desmazières,
Plantes Cryptogames Nord France 413 (DBN,
FI, G, K), 821 (K, RO); Erbario Crittogamico
Italiano 293 (B, K, RO); Flora Lusitanica exs-
iccata 1711 (C, LISU, S), 1754 (LISU); Flora
Moldaviae Dobrogeae exsiccate 4 (BR, H, JE,
M, TUR, WA); Fuckel, Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati
1319 (BR, G, HBG, K, M, W); Fungi Fenniae
exssiccati 915 (K); Herbarium Mycologicum Ro-
manicum 691 (G, K, KRA, M, PC), 2904 (B, BR,
C, G, H, JE, K, KRA, M, PC); Jaap, Fungi Selecti
Exsiccati 823 (B, C, H, HBG, JE, K, M, S, TUR)
as H. ferruginea; Kryptogamae exsiccatae 1307
(BR, C, G, H, HBG, JE, K, KRA, LD, M, PC,
PR, S); Kunze, Fungi selecti exs. 203 (B, BPI,
DBN, G, H, JE, K, M, NEU, NY, RO); Libert,
Plantae Cryptogamicae Arduenna 1289 (BR, K,
M, RO); Litschauer-Lohwag, Fungi Selecti Exs-
iccati Europaei 10 (M, PC, PR, W); Lundell &
Nannfeldt, Fungi exs. Suecici 170 (C, K, PC, PR,
S), 2235 (C, K, PC, PR, S, U); Parmasto, Myco-
theca Estonica 5 (GB, H, LY, PR, TAA, TUR,
UPS); Petrak, Flora Bohemiae et Moraviae Exs-
iccata 642 (BR, BRNM, DBN, E, HBG, K, LD,

68 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
PR, S); Pilát, Fungi Carpat. lignicoli exs. 94
(BR, K, PR, W), 144 (BPI, BR, K); Rabenhorts-
Klotzschi, Herb. vivum myc. 212 (BPI, BR
HBG, K, M, PR, RO); Rabenhorst-Winter, Fun-
gi Europ. 2823 (BR, H, HBG, K, M, NEU, NY,
W); Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc. 811 (BR, M, PR,
RO); Roumeguère, Fungi selecti Gallici exs. 106
(G, HBG, K, NEU, RO), 858 (BR, G, HBG, K,
NEU), 3502 (BR, K, NY); Saccardo, Mycotheca
Veneta 33 (K, RO, W); Sǎvulescu, Herb. mycol.
Romanicum 691 (BPI, G, K, KRA, M, PC), 2904
(B, BR, C, G, H, JE, K, KRA, M, PC); Schroe-
ter, Pilze Schlesien 789 (C, HBG); Siemaszko,
Fungi Bialowiezensis Exsiccati 103 (K, KRA,
PR, W) as H. tabacina; Smarods, Fungi Latvici
Exsiccati 469 (PR, W); Stirpes Cryptogamae Vo-
geso-Rhenanae 394 (E, JE, K); Sydow, Mycoth.
Marehica 2820 (B, BPI, HBG, K, NY); Torrend,
Fungi selecti exsiccate 246 (S); Wartmann-Win-
ter, Schweizerische Kryptogamen 815 (B, G, K,
M); Weese, Eumycetes Selecti Exsiccati 145 (M,
PR).
Voucher specimens studied: AUSTRIA. Nie-
der-Österreich. Lainzer Tiergarten by Wien,
on Quercus, 12.VIII.1922 Litschauer (2 coll.,
W). DENMARK. Suserup Skov, on Quercus,
16.XI.1975 Knudsen (C-F-13012, C). Annebjerg
Skov, on Quercus, 27.II.1977 Corxen 3693
(C-F-12914, C). FINLAND. Varsinais-Suo-
mi. Turku, Katariinanlaakso, on Quercus robur,
8.V.1936 Laurila (H). ITALY. Torino, Cumiana,
on Robinea pseudoacacia, 4.II,1984 Gaj (2287,
BOLO). LATVIA. Vidzema, Vestiena, on Quer-
cus robur, 28.VIII.1935 Starcs (3268, B). PO-
LAND. Białowiéza, on Quercus, 8.X.1984
Corxen 3928 (C-F-12826, C). SPAIN. Cace-
res, San Martin de Trevijo, on Castanea sativa,
30.III.1977 Navarro et al. (243/77 MT, MA).
SWEDEN. Stockholm, Djurgården, on Quercus,
1.V.1904 Romell (12070, S).
Basidiomes of this species resemble H. ulmicola
which diers in their small, umbonately attached
basidiomes, 2–5 × 3–10 mm, and ellipsoid, big-
ger spores, 5.5–7.5 × 3–4 µm. H. ulmicola grows
on the lateral sides of bark scales (in bark ssu-
res) of old living Ulmus trees. Many specimens
are misnamed H. ferruginea, a few as H. taba-
cina.
13. Hymenochaete subfuliginosa Bourdot &
Galzin – Figs. 13; 19,13; 20,13.
Mycobank no: MB 279207
Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 38: 184 (1921) and
Hyménomycètes de France: 391 (1928) as sub-
species; Pilát, Hedwigia 70 (1/2): 120 (1930) as
variety; Jahn, Westfäl. Pilzbriefe 8 (4-7): 142, f.
29, 33 (1971); Bondartseva & Parmasto, Clavis
diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1: 33 (1986); Léger,
Hymenochaete 145 (1998) as „forma“.
Lectotype: FRANCE. Aveyron, Vignoles, on
Quercus in house, 12.VI.1914 Galzin 15666 =
Bourdot 15372 (Parmasto 2000: 64).
Icon. Jahn (1979): f. 131.
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate,
5–50 × 10–100 mm, 0.1–1 mm thick; hymenial
surface even, later densely cracked, dark umber
or dark chocolate brown (K&W 7E4–5); mar-
gin thin, abrupt, light brown when young, later
darker than the hymenium. Cortex absent; hyp-
hal layer absent; setal layer 50–1000 µm thick,
composed of overlapping rows of setae. Hyphal
system monomitic. Generative hyphae 2–4 µm
in diam., subhyaline, thin-walled. Setae very
numerous, 65–100 × 7–11 µm, projecting 25–60
µm, fusoid, with acute and thin tip, without in-
crustations, naked or rarely enmeshed in hyphal
sheaths. Hyphidia absent. Basidia 15–20 × 4–5
µm, subclavate, with four thin sterigmata, 4–5
µm long. Basidiospores 4.5–5.5 × 2.7–3.2 µm
(Parmasto: 14 specimens; 4.11–5.86 × 2.30–2.91
µm; Q value 1.62–2.38), oblong ellipsoid. Cau-
ses white rot.
On branches and wood of Quercus, seldom on
other deciduous wood: Acer (1), Carpinus (3),
Cornus (1), Fagus (5), Fraxinus (1), Quercus
(117), Tilia (1), also on construction timber.
Only known from Europe but found throughout.
Mainly on Quercus with a few conrmed records
on other deciduous hosts in: Austria (1), Bela-
rus (2), Bulgaria (2), Czechia (15), Denmark (2),
Estonia (25), Finland (3), France (16), Georgia
(1), Germany (1), Macedonia (3), Norway (2),
Poland (2), Russia (13), Scotland (2), Slovakia
(42), Spain (8), Sweden (36), Switzerland /2),
Ukraine (2). Reported in literature from: Azer-

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 69
baijan, Georgia, Russia (Ghobad-Nejhad et al.
2009); Greece (Polemis et al. 2013: 309; as H.
fuliginosa); Germany (Krieglsteiner 2000; no-
tes under H. fuliginosa); Macedonia (Karadelev
& Rusevska 2004/2005); Spain (Telleria 1990);
Switzerland (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986, as a
note under H. fuliginosa).
Voucher specimens studied: CZECH REPUB-
LIC. Znojmo, Podmoli, Ostroh by river Dyje, on
Quercus petraea, 19.VII.1988 Pouzar (863714,
PR). GERMANY. Baden-Würtemberg. Baar
E of Donauschingen, on Quercus, 30.IV.1971
Jahn & Jahn (M). NORWAY. Oslo, Bygdøy, on
Quercus, 18.IX.1980 Ryvarden (LR 18221, O).
SCOTLAND. Angus. Glamis, no date, on Qu-
ercus, Stevenson 489 (K). SLOVAKIA. Zvolen,
Pusty hrad, on Quercus cerris, 19.X.1954 Pou-
zar (838510, PR). SPAIN. Leon, Fabero, cerca
de San Pedro de Paradela, 12.XII.1984 Brito et
al. (6764 Tell., MA). SWEDEN. Uppland. N.
Warleda near Rånäs, 35 km E of Uppsala, on
Quercus robur, 7.VIII.1970 Jahn & Jahn (LY
6580, LY). Västmanland. Västerås-Barkarö
sn, Högholmsskär, on Quercus, 11.X.1975 Hal-
lenberg & Hallenberg (NH 0927, GB). SWIT-
ZERLAND. Jura, Südhang by Orvin, 700 m, on
Quercus, 10.I.1971 Schaeren (M). UKRAINE.
Inte-Syrt state reserve, on Quercus, 9.IX.1937
Bondartsev (174814, LE).
This species is similar to H. fuliginosa which
grows on coniferous wood, rarely on Salix, and
has a thinner basidiome and bigger spores (5–6.5
× 1.8–2.6 µm); (H. subfuliginosa 4.5–5.5 × 2.7–
3.2 µm (Parmasto 2000: g. 3). The microsco-
pical dierences are small, but because of the
thick basidiome and the host it is easy to identify.
Many authors consider them to be conspecic.
The hymenial surface has the same appearence
as H. rubiginosa, and it has also been misiden-
tied as a resupinate form of this species. Many
specimens are named H. fuliginosa, but also
misidentied in herbaria as H. cinnamomea, H.
corrugata and H. rubiginosa.
Fig. 13. Hymenochaete subfuliginosa. Sweden, Uppland, N. Warleda near Rånäs, 35 km E of Uppsala, Quercus robur,
7.VIII.1970 Jahn & Jahn (LY 6580, LY). – Photo: P. Corxen

70 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
14. Hymenochaete ulmicola Corxen &
Parmasto – Figs. 14; 19,14; 20,14.
Mycobank no: MB 344440
Mycotaxon 91: 465 2005; - H. rubiginosa f. mi-
nuta Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 119 (1930).
Holotype: DENMARK. Sjælland. Frederiksværk
community, Glædelundgård, on Ulmus glab ra,
29.VII.1991 Corxen 4044 (C-F-13496, C).
Basidiome perennial, euso-reexed with slight-
ly elevated margins, or with well-developed
umbonate-adnate pilei, almost cupulate, usually
xed to the substratum with an umbonate point,
woody hard, brittle when dry; resupinate part up
to 10 mm in diam., pilei 2–5 mm long, projecting
3–10 mm, 0.2–1 mm thick, single or a few con-
uent. Pileal surface concentrally sulcate with
few furrows in the marginal part, when young
concentrically rough hairy, later glabrous, dark
brown or blackish (K&W: 6E4, when old 6F5–4
or 6F9, blackish chocolate brown); margin thin,
slightly lobate. Hymenium smooth or with scat-
tered tubercles, not cracked, light brown (K&W:
6D4–5 or 5E6, camel to sunburn or mustard
brown). Tomentum present as tomentose zones
on pilei, 50-80 μm thick, later vanishing; cor-
tex present, 30–60(–75) μm thick; hyphal layer
well developed, up to 200 μm thick, composed
of almost densely radially interwoven hyphae;
setal layer thickening, with up to ve indistinct
or distinct layers, up to 400(–800) μm thick.
Hyphal system subdimitic; generative hyphae
subhyaline, 2.5–3.5(–4) μm in diam., sklereed
hyphae 4–5 μm in diam. Setal hyphae absent, but
some setae bending downwards with horizontal
Fig. 14. Hymenochaete ulmicola. Russia, Chelyabinskaya obl., Vilyay, 20 km S of Ascha, on Ulmus scabra, 29.VIII.2002
Corxen 02.146 (C-F-61560, C). – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 71
elongated base up to 100 μm long. Setae numer-
ous, conned to the hymenium, 50–90 × 6–11
μm, subulate, with acute tip, naked or enmeshed
in hyphal sheaths, without incrustations, project-
ing up to 50 μm. Cystidia and hyphidia absent,
but basidioles numerous, hymenium encrusted
with granules of resinous matter. Basidia 18–25
× 4.5–6 μm, subcylindrical, with four sterigmata,
each about three μm long. Basidiospores 5.5–7.5
× 3–4 μm (Parmasto: 9 specimens; 5.79–6.89 ×
3.14–3.59 µm; Q value 1.83–1.98), ellipsoid.
The species grows on Ulmus trees (mainly of
U. glabra), in bark ssures. Only known from
Europe. Known from many countries, but only
by a few records, being possibly very rare: Aus-
tria (2), Czechia (3), Denmark (14), Estonia (6),
Finland (4), France (1), Norway (1), Russia (8),
Sweden (9). In literature reported by Corxen &
Parmasto (2005), from Hungary (Papp 2013),
from Norway (Jordal 2006), from Sweden
(Svensson 2010).
Basidiomes are easily overlooked. The habitat is
similar to the possibly closely related H. carpat-
ica which diers in always being resupinate and
rmly attached to the substrate, the basidiomes
are growing mainly on Acer pseudoplatanus.
The basidiomes of H. ulmicola resemble a min-
iature H. rubiginosa; the latter has the same type
of structure (tomentum, cortex, hyphal and se-
tal layers present), but diers by smaller spores,
3.5–5.5 × 2–3 μm, and another host.
15. Hymenochaetopsis corrugata (Fr. : Fr.)
S.H. He & Jiao Yang – Figs. 15, 18; 19,15; 21,15.
Mycobank no: MB 814946
Mycol. Prog. 15: 4 (2016). – Hymenochaete cor-
rugata (Fr.) Lév., Ann. sci. nat. Bot. III 5: 152
(1846); Bourdot & Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr.
38: 184 (1921) and Hyménomycètes de France:
389 (1928); excl. f. calluna (= H. canescens);
Fig. 15. Hymenochaetopsis corrugata. Denmark. Sjælland, Eskebjerg Vesterlyng, Mareskov, on Rosa, 14.X.1996
Læssøe 6463 (C-F-52193, C). – Photo: P. Corxen

72 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Pilát, Hedwigia 70: 125 (1930); Jahn, Westfäl.
Pilzbriefe 8: 141, f. 28, 39, Abb. 40 (1971) ;
excl. f. calluna (= H. canescens); Bondartseva
& Parmasto, Clavis diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll.
1: 32 (1986); Léger, Hymenochaete 100, f. 26
(1998). Bernicchia & Gorjón, Corticiaceae s.l.:
326 (2010). - Thelephora corrugata Fr. Observ.
Mycol 1: 134 (1815). – Corticium corrugatum
(Fr.) Fr. Epicrisis: 565 (1838). – Xerocarpus cor-
rugatus (Fr.) P. Karst. Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk
37: 138 (1882). - Hymenochaete agglutinans El-
lis Bull. Torrey bot. Club 5: 46 (1874) is a sterile
form. – Hymenochaete croceoferruginea Massee
J. Linn Soc. Bot. 27: 110 (1890). – Thelephora
padi Pers., Myc. Eur. 1: 142 (1828).
Icon. Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 293.
Krieglsteiner (2000): 210. Web. https://svampe.
databasen.org/taxon/14931
Basidiome perennial, eused, closely adnate, up
to 30 × 300 mm, 0.08–0.6 mm thick; hymenial
surface even, soon irregularly cracked, brownish
or reddish grey, yellowish brown to dark brown
to nearly black (K&W 7E5, D3, E–F6); margin
thin, lighter or darker. Cortex absent or very thin;
hyphal layer 10–40 µm thick; setal layer 100–
500 µm thick, composed of overlapping rows of
setae. Hyphal system monomitic. Solitary tramal
setae rare, 50–150 × 5–9 µm. Generative hyphae
2–4 µm in diam., subhyaline, thin to thick-wal-
led. Setae very numerous, 40–100 × 6–14 µm,
projecting 20–40 µm, conical to fusiform, thick
and uneven, with short and eroding tip (Fig.
18), often broken. Basidia 15–20 × 2.5–4 µm,
subclavate, with four thin sterigmata, 4 µm long.
Basidiospores 4.5–7 × 1.5–2.3 µm, cylindrical to
suballantoid. Causes white rot.
On fallen or hanging branches and dead twigs,
mostly on Corylus (189). Other hosts: Acer (2),
Alnus (11), Betula (47), Buxus (5), Calluna (1),
Carpinus (22), Castanea (6), Clematis (2), Cra-
taegus (7), Erica (1), Fagus (51), Fraxinus (11),
Hedera (1), Ilex (2), Juniperus (1), Picea (7), Pi-
nus (1), Platanus (1), Prunus (26), Pterocarya
(1), Pyrus (5), Quercus (19), Rhododendron (1),
Rosa (10), Rubus (8), Salix (2), Sambucus (2),
Sorbus (3), Tilia (1), Ulmus (3).
A cosmopolitan species. Most common in the
warmer atlantic zones with few records from
Scandinavia: Azerbaijan (1), Austria (86), Bel-
gium (6), Croatia (1), Czechia (12), Denmark
(26), England (126), Finland (1), France (34),
Georgia (3), Germany (27), Ireland (17), Italy
(2), Lithuania (1), Netherlands (1), Northern Ire-
land (1), Norway (9), Poland (1), Portugal (3),
Romania (2), Russia (2), Scotland (13), Slovakia
(2), Slovenia (4), Spain (76), Sweden (27), Swit-
zerland (3), Ukraine (78), Wales (9). In literatu-
re reported from Austria (Gerhold 2000), from
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia (Ghobad-Nejhad et
al. 2009), from Germany (Krieglsteiner 2000),
from Spain (Telleria 1990) and from Switzerland
(Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986).
Exsiccata studied: Berkeley, British Fungi 249
& 298 (BR, E, K); Fungi Tirolenses exsiccate 20
(W); Kryptogamae exsiccatae 714 (BR, C, G, H,
HBG, K, L, LD, M, PC, PR, S, W); Lundell &
Nannfeldt, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici Upsalienses
2230 (K, PC, PR, S), 2646 (C, K, PC, PR, S, U);
Petrak, Flora Bohemiae et Moraviae Exsiccata
1842 (BPI, BR, C, HBG, K, PR, S); Pilát, Fungi
Carpatici Lignicoli Exsiccati 37 (BPI, BR, K,
PR) & 143 (BPI, BR, K, NY); Plantae Grae-
censes 7 (B, BPI, H, K, L, LD, M, PR, S), 16 (B,
H, K, L, LD, M, PR, S), 180 (B, H, K, L, LD, M),
181 (B, H, K, L, LD, M); Roumeguère, Fungi
Selecti Gallici Exsiccati 4605 (G, BR) as Thel-
ephora cerasi; Thümen, Mycotheca Universalis
309 (BR, C) as H. agglutinans; Weese, Eumy-
cetes Selecti Exsiccati 274 (BPI, K, M). Errone-
ous: Petrak, Mycotheca Carpatica 466 (BPI; =
H. tabacina).
Types studied: H. croceoferruginea, Notting-
hamshire, Lombley, on Rosa canina (K).
Voucher specimens studied: DENMARK.
Sjælland. Eskebjerg Vesterlyng, Mareskov, on
Rosa, 14.X.1996 Læssøe (TL-6463, C-F-52193,
C). ENGLAND. North Kent. Lessness Woods,
21.II.1926 Grimling (K). FRANCE. Aveyron,
Vignoles, on Corylus, 11.VI.1917 Galzin (HB
19648, PC). GERMANY. Rheinland. Kob-
lenz, Eltzbachtal, on Corylus, 31.III.1967 Jahn
(GB). IRELAND. Inch, NW of Youghal, Co.
Cork, on Rubus fruticosus, IX.1985 Scannell
(DBN). SPAIN. Santander, Los Tojos, Saja, ha-
cia el Puerto de Palombera, on Fagus, 1.IV.1985
Coello et al. (3697 MD, MA). UKRAINE.
Carpatorossia. Velky Bockov, rivum Kuzy, on
Quercus, VII.1933 Pilát (496344, PR).

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 73
H. corrugata is quite common especially in
northwestern Europe and mostly on Corylus.
When two twigs are close it may develop a sterile
basidiome with setae, keeping the twigs together.
In such situations it has the same appearence as
a sterile form of H. tabacina, why it is only pos-
sible to determine the species by nding a fertile
basidiome near by. In herbaria sometimes misi-
dentied as H. cinnamomea, H. fuliginosa, H.
rubiginosa and H. tabacina.
16. Hymenochaetopsis laricicola S.H. He &
Jiao Yang – Figs. 16; 19,16; 21,16.
Mycobank no: MB 814944
Mycol. Progr. 15: 4 (2016)
Basidiome annual, with well developed pilei or
euso-reexed, closely adnate, soft coriaceus,
but brittle when dry. Pilei dimidiate on vertical
substrate, 5–15 × 5–25 mm, conuent on hori-
zontal substrate, 5–200 × 10–100 mm, 0.1–0.4
mm thick; surface radially brillose, silky, gla-
brous when old, with concentric zones, brown
beige (6E3) to light brown (6D4); margin thin,
entire, caramel brown (6F4). Hymenium smooth,
cracked when old, grey (6D3), chocolate brown
(6F4) when old, margin yellow. Tomentum up to
150 µm thick; cortex up to 50 µm thick, com-
posed of agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer 120-
200 µm thick, hyphae compactly longitudinally
arranged; setal layer 60-120 µm thick, composed
of 1–5 rows of setae. Hyphal system subdimi-
tic, solitary tramal setae present, 40–120 × 7–12
μm, thick-walled, with acute, eroding tip. Ge-
nerative hyphae 2-3.5 µm in diam., subhyaline,
thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3–5 µm in diam.,
thick-walled, brown. Setae numerous, (16-)25-35
(–40) × (5–) 6–9 (–13) μm, lageniform, with ob-
tuse, eroding tip, projecting up to 30 μm. Hyphi-
dia numerous, not well dierentiated, 2.5-4 µm
in diam., thin-walled, subhyaline. Basidia 13 ×
2.5–4 µm, clavate or subclavate, with four thin
sterigmata, 2.5 µm long. Basidiospores 4–6 x
Fig. 16. Hymenochaetopsis laricicola. Russia, Krasnojarsk kraj, Kotuy-river, 70 km S of Khatanga, close to Kayale, on
Larix gmelinii, 27.VIII.1993 Kotiranta 11353. – Photo: H. Kotiranta

74 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
1.5–1.9 µm (Parmasto: 5 specimens; 5.39–6.49
× 1.73–1.88 µm; Q value 2.97-3.69), cylindrical
to suballantoid. Causes white pocket rot.
Only known from Larix sibirica (incl. L. ros-
sica) and L. gmelinii; on newly fallen trunks and
on dead twigs. Temperate Asia, in Russia from
Arkhangelsk to Kamchatka and Russian Far East
and in North China.
Voucher specimens studied:. RUSSIA. Bry-
ansk district. no date, on coniferous wood,
Bondartseva 174906 (LE). Irkutskaya oblast.
Baykal Lake, Cape Sibyr Kedrovyy, 450 m., on
Larix sibirica, 9.IX.2000 Corxen 00.070 (C-F-
50883, C). Komi. Kadzherom, on Larix rossica ,
20.VIII.1957 Parmasto 008457 (C, TAA).
Hymenochaetopsis laricola has been collected
by both authors throughout Siberia. In some ar-
eas it was found to be very common. Kotiranta
and both authors have used the preliminary
names H. laricis and H. laricina in herbaria and
H. „larici“s in three papers: Kotiranta & Penzina
(1998), Shiryaev & Mikhalova (2016), Kotiranta
& Shiryaev (2016). Other, previous collections
in herbaria are labelled H. tabacina.
17. Hymenochaetopsis tabacina (Sowerby: Fr.)
S.H. He & Jiao Yang, – Figs. 17; 19,17; 21,17.
Mycobank no: MB 814955
In Yang, Dai & He, Mycol. Progr. 15: 7 (2016). -
Pseudochaete tabacina (Sowerby: Fr.) T. Wagner
& M. Fisch. (gen. inval., later homonym), Myc.
Progr. 1: 100 (2002). - Hymenochaete tabacina
(Sowerby: Fr.) Lév. Ann. sci. nat. Bot. III 5: 152
(1846); Bourdot & Galzin, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr.
38: 180 (1923) and Hyménomycètes de France:
389 (1928), excl. f. crocata and f. eusa; Pilát,
Hedwigia 70: 106 (1930) excl. f. rhododendri,
f. crocata and var. konradii; Skovsted, Compt.-
Fig. 17. Hymenochaetopsis tabacina. Denmark, Lovns Egekrat, on Prunus spinosa, 6.VIII.1975 Corxen 3312 (C-F-
13181 (C). – Photo: P. Corxen

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 75
rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. physiol. 25 (17): 412,
f. 13 (1956); Jahn, Westfäl. Pilzbriefe 8: 136, f.
25, Abb. 20 (1971); Bondartseva & Parmasto,
Clavis diagn. fung. URSS. Aphyll. 1: 39 (1986);
Léger, Hymenochaete 270, f. 105 (1998); Bernic-
chia & Gorjón, Corticiaceae s.l.: 330 (2010). – f.
conglutinans Bourd. & Galz., Bull. Soc. mycol.
Fr. 38: 181 (1923) is a sterile form resempling
that of H. corrugata. – Hymenochaete avellana
(Fr.) Lév. Grevillea 8: 146 (1880). – Hymeno-
chaete nigrescens Cooke ex Massee J. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 27: 104 (1890).
Icon. Bernicchia & Gorjón (2010): 840. Breiten-
bach & Kränzlin (1986): nr. 297. Jahn (1979): f.
128. Krieglsteiner (2000): 215. Ryman & Hol-
måsen (1984): 197. Web. https://svampe.data-
basen.org/taxon/14935
Basidiome annual with well developed pilei or
euso-reexed, closely adnate, soft coriaceus,
but brittle when dry. Pilei dimidiate on vertical
substrate, 5–15 × 5-25 mm, conuent on hori-
zontal substrate, 5–40 × 10–many mm, 0.1–1 mm
thick; surface radially brillose, silky, glabrous
when old, with concentric zones, rust brown,
greyish or dark brown (6E4–6E6); margin thin,
entire, golden yellow when young. Hymenium
smooth, usually concentrically zonate, cracked
when old, greyish brown (6E6). Tomentum up
to 300 µm thick; cortex up to 150 µm thick,
composed of agglutinated hyphae; hyphal layer
70–400 µm thick, hyphae compactly longitu-
dinally arranged; setal layer 70–450 µm thick,
composed of 1(–2) rows of setae. Hyphal system
subdimitic, solitary tramal setae present, 90–285
× 7–13 μm, thick-walled, with acute, eroding
tip. Generative hyphae 2–3.5 µm in diam., sub-
hyaline, thin-walled; sklereed hyphae 3–5 µm
in diam., thick-walled, brown. Setae numerous,
52–100 × 7–18 µm, projecting up to 60 µm, co-
nical-fusiform, with acute eroding tip. Hyphidia
numerous, not well dierentiated, 1.5–3 µm in
diam., thin-walled, subhyaline. Basidia 15–25
Fig. 18. Hymenochae-
topsis corrugata. Eroded
setae. Denmark. Sjæl-
land, Eskebjerg Vester-
lyng, Mareskov, on Rosa,
14.X.1996 Læssøe 6463
(C-F-52193, C). – Photo:
P. Corxen

76 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
Fig. 19. Spores of Hymenochaete and Hymenochaetopsis.
1. Hymenochaete canescens, 2. H. carpatica, 3. H. cauca-
sica, 4. H. cinnamomea, 5. H. cruenta, 6. H. fuliginosa, 7.
H. jaapii, 8. H. konradii, 9. H. longispora, 10. H. pilatii,
11. H. rhododendri, 12. H. rubiginosa, 13. H. subfuligi-
nosa, 14. H. ulmicola, 15. Hymenochaetopsis corrugata,
16. H. laricicola, 17. H. tabacina.
× 3–5 µm, clavate or subclavate, with four thin
sterigmata, 4–5 µm long. Basidiospores 4.8–6.7
× 1.6–2.6 µm (Parmasto: 16 specimens; 4.80–
6.67 × 1.57–2.60 µm; Q value 2.44–3.22), cy-
lindrical to suballantoid. Causes white rot. Like
for H. corrugata there exists a sterile form only
with setae, keeping the twigs together (aggluti-
nans-form) (Stenlid & Holmer 1991).
On fallen twigs and trunks, on stumps of decidu-
ous trees, seldom conifers; main hosts are Salix
(794) and Corylus (390), but also on many other
trees, bushes and even on herbs: Abies (9), Acer
(12), Alnus (126), Amelanchier (1), Betula (101),
Calluna (2), Carpinus (14), Cornus (1), Cotone-
aster (3), Crataegus (5), Epilobium (2), Erica
(5), Fagus (16), Filipendula (2), Frangula (3),
Fraxinus (13), Juniperus (9), Larix (9), Ledum
(2), Lonicera (8), Malus (1), Picea (62), Pistacia
(1), Populus (47), Prunus (112), Quercus (12),
Rhododendron (1), Ribes (9), Rosa (20), Rubus
(4), Sambucus (4), Sarothamnus (1), Sorbus (43),
Spiraea (3), Symphoricarpus (1), Syringa (11),
Tilia (5), Ulmus (3) and Viburnum (2). Growth
from one plant to the neighboring plant is com-
mon, which can be the explanation for the long
list of hosts.
A cosmopolitan species. In Europe most com-
mon subalpine zones, the whole distribution cov-
ers: Armenia, Austria (69), Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Belgium (35), Bosnia (1), Czechia (99), Den-
mark (423), England (69), Estonia (115), Finland
(358), France (52), Germany (337), Georgia,
Hungary (2), Latvia (16), Lithuania, Macedonia
(5), Netherlands (30), Italy (8), Norway (274),
Poland (9), Portugal (4), Russia (32), Scotland
(2), Slovakia (17), Spain (6), Switzerland (19),
Sweden (357), Ukraine (2), Wales (1). In litera-
ture reported followingly: from Austria (Gerhold
2000), from Germany (Krieglsteiner 2000), from
Macedonia (Karadelev & Rusevska 2004/2005),
from Russia (Ghoad-Nejhad et al. 2009), from
Spain (Telleria 1990) and from Switzerland
(Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986).
Exsiccata studied: Berkeley, British Fungi
248 (E); Brinkman, Westfälische Pilze 40 (BPI,
HBG, K, L, M, W), 41 (BPI, HBG, K, M);
Cooke, Fungi Britannici Exsiccati 415 (DBN,
E, K, RO, W) as H. rubiginosa; Desmazières,
Plantes Cryptogames Nord France 415 (G, K);
Fungi Estonici Exsiccati 9 (BRNM, H, M, PR,
S); Fungi Fenniae exssiccati 130 (K); Fungi Ti-
rolenses exsiccate 19 (W); Herbier Cryptogam-
ique Belgique 1288 (BR, K); Jaap, Fungi Selecti
Exsiccati 45 a-e (B, C, DBN, HBG, JE, K, KRA,
L, M, PC, S, TUR, W); Klotzschii, Herbarium
Mycologicae 1120 (BR, L, M, PR, RO); Krieger,
Fungi Saxonici Exsiccati 270 (BPI, HBG, JE, K,
M, S, W); Kryptogamae exsiccatae 1141 (BPI,
BR, C, G, H, HBG, JE, K, L, LD, M, PC, PR, S,
W); Kunze, Fungi selecti 203 (BPI, NY); Libert,
Plantae Cryptogamicae Arduenna 121 (BR, G,
K, L, PR, RO, W); Litschauer-Lohwag, Fungi
Selecti Exsiccati Europaei 112 (L, PR); Lundell
& Nannfeldt, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici Upsali-
enses 171 (C, K, PC, PR, U), 939 a-b (C, K, PC,
PR, S, U), 2231 (C, K, PC, PR, U), 2232 (C, K,
PC, PR, U); Oudemans, Fungi Neerlandici Ex-
siccati 240 (BR, DBN, K); Parmasto, Mycotheca
Estonica 6-7 (H, L, O, PR, TAA, TUR, UPS);
Petrak, Mycotheca Carpatica 236 & 466 as

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 77
Fig. 20. Setae of Hymenochaete. 1. Hymenochaete canescens, 2. H. carpatica, 3. H. caucasica, 4. H. cinnamomea, 5.
H. cruenta, 6. H. fuliginosa, 7. H. jaapii, 8. H. konradii, 9. H. longispora, 10. H. pilatii, 11. H. rhododendri, 12. H.
rubiginosa, 13. H. subfuliginosa, 14. H. ulmicola

78 CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018)
H. corrugata (BPI, HBG, K, LD, M, PR, S);
Plantae graecenses 95, 117, 513 & 514 (B, G, H,
K, L, LD M, PR, S); Rabenhorst-Winter, Fungi
Europaei 1404 (BR, C, G, K, L, M, O, RO); Reli-
quiae Petrakiana 729 as H. corrugata, 730 (B,
H, M, PR, S); Roumeguère, Fungi Selecti Gallici
Exsiccati 4571 (BR), 7346 (G); Smarods, Fun-
gi Latvici Exsiccati 265 (PR, W); Sommerfelt,
Plantarum Cryptogamarum Norvegicarum 186
(L, RO); Sydow, Mycotheca Germanica 2063
(B, BPI, BR, C, E, FI, HBG, JE, K, L, M, PR, S,
W), 3203 (B, BR, C, HBG, KRA, L, M, PR, S);
Thümen, Mycotheca Universalis 211 (B, BPI,
BR, DBN, G, HBG, K, L, M, NEU, Ny, PR, RO,
S, W), 211b (BR, NEU, RO, PR, S).
Type studied: Hymenochaete tabacina: USA.
Idaho, 13.VI.1948 Cooke (NY; neotype desig-
nated by DeFigio, published by Job 1990: 44).
Hymenochaete nigrescens: ENGLAND, Carlis-
le, 1884 Carlyle (K).
Voucher specimens studied:. CZECH REPUB-
LIC. Bohemia, Sobeslav-Blata, on Salix, (as var.
crassa), VII.1932 Pilát (TUR). DENMARK.
Frederiksdal, on Salix, 7.XI.1912 Lind (C-F-
13062, C). Helsinge, Høbjerg Hegn, on Corylus,
4.V.1977 Corxen 3709 (C-F-13111, C). Lovns
Egekrat, , on Prunus spinosa, 6.VIII,1975, Cor-
xen 3312 (C-F-13181, C). ENGLAND. Cum-
berland, Carlisle, III.1884 Carlyle (several coll.,
E, K). FINLAND. Etelä-Häme. Hattula, Pa-
rola, Yllitty, on Salix phylicifolia, 11.IX.1971
Uotila 12229 (H). FRANCE. Noisy-la-See, on
Sarothamnus scoparius, III.1928 Joachim (HB
41687, PC). GERMANY. Westfalen. Siegen,
Kleinen Nunnbach bei Siegen, on Prunus spi-
nosa, 22.X.1938 (B). LATVIA. Vidzeme, Vesti-
ena, on Corylus, 28.VIII.1935 Starc (3139, B,
S). NORWAY. Akershus, Ski, N. Ski gård, on
Sorbus aucuparia, 6.II.1955 Stordal (O). SWE-
DEN. Hälsingland. Harmåanger sn, Ströms-
bruk, on Juniperus communis, 22.VI.1949 Eriks-
son (3329, UPS). SWITZERLAND. Neuchatel,
Chauort, 23.V.1988 Keller (JK 4257, NEU).
This is the most common species in these two
genera, especially in northern and central Euro-
pe. It has the same appearance as H. laricicola
(smaller setae), Hymenochaete pilatii (without
cortex) and H. rhododendri (setae shorter, no
eroding tip). In herbaria often named as H. cin-
namomea, H. corrugata and H. rubiginosa.
Acknowledgements: I thank P. Wagner (Copen-
hagen) for help with identication of some of the
substrates and Ruth Nielsen (Copenhagen) for
help with the photos. Curators of the following
herbaria kindly loaned specimens for this study:
B, BG, BOLO, BPI, BR, BRNM, C, DBN, E,
FI, FH, G, GB, H, HBG, JE, K, KRA, L, LD,
LE, LISU, LOD, LY, M, MA, NEU, NY, NYS,
O, OULO, PC, PDD, PRM, RO, S, TAA, TRH,
TROM, TUR, UME, UPS, W, WA, ZA, YAM),
and private collections from J.-C. Leger (Lyon)
and L. Ryvarden (Oslo). The study was support-
ed by a grant from the Danish Botanical Society.
Fig. 21. Setae of Hymeno-
chaetopsis. 15. Hymeno-
chaetopsis corrugata, 16.
H. laricicola, 17. H. ta-
bacina.

KARSTENIA 57 2017 (2018) CORFIXEN & PARMASTO HYMENOCHAETE 79
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