Efficacy of Fungicides and Herbicides against Sclerotium oryzae Catt. Incitant of Stem Rot Disease in Rice

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 1650-1653
1650
Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.199
Efficacy of Fungicides and Herbicides against Sclerotium oryzae Catt.
Incitant of Stem Rot Disease in Rice
M. Prameela1*, B. Rajeswari1 and D. Krishnaveni2
1Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad- 30, Telangana state, India
2Indian Institute of rice research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad- 30, Telangana state, India
*Corresponding author
A B S T R A C T
Introduction
Rice is an important cereal food crop grown
under wide ecological conditions including
less rain fall situation to inundated condition
and submerged conditions. The crop is prone
to be affected by a number of fungal, bacterial
and viral diseases. Among these, stem rot
incited by Sclerotium oryzae Catt. is one of
the major constraint in Telangana and Andhra
Pradesh states. The disease is reported from
major rice growing areas of Mahboobnagar,
Nalgonda, Warangal, Khammam, Nellore,
East Godavari and West Godavari districts in
Telangana and Andhra Pradhesh states
(Gopika et al., 2011). Yield losses up to an
extent of 80 per cent have been reported by
several workers from varied agroclimatic
regions in India and abroad (Li et al., 1984;
Ou, 1985; Cother and Nicol, 1999).
Continuous cultivation of rice during different
seasons under high dosages of nitrogenous
fertilizers and prevalence of many
graminaceous weed flora (Chen, 1971 and
1973) and lack of proper irrigation and
drainage facilities progressively aggravated
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Efficacy of fungicides and herbicides was tested using poison food
technique against Sclerotium oryzae. Out of eight fungicides tested against
S. oryzae, the stem rot pathogen propiconazole @ 100 ppm and
hexaconazole @ 200 ppm were found effective in inhibiting the mycelial
growth of S. oryzae by 100 per cent followed by Carbendazim (97.98%),
Tebuconazole (97.77%) and Mancozeb (97.76%) which were found on par
with each other in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen.
Among the herbicides tested, Bispyribac sodium at 50 ppm was found
effective and significantly superior over other herbicides in inhibiting the
mycelial growth of S. oryzae by 53.29 per cent followed by 2-4 D Sodium
salt (29%) and Pretilachlor (29.3%) which were found on par with each
other in checking the mycelia growth of the pathogen.
Ke ywords
Rice (Oryza sativa L.),
Sclerotium oryzae,
Stem rot, Fungicides,
Herbicides
Accepted:
15 January 2018
Available Online:
10 February 2018
Article Info

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2): 1650-1653
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the stem rot disease in recent years. Rice
diseases can be managed by cultivating
resistant cultivars, cultural practices and
chemical application. Of all these, the
chemical control is being one of the viable
proposition to control the disease and to
protect the crop (Kumbhar, 2005). Chemical
control offers great potential and plays an
important role in reducing the losses caused
by the diseases (Gill, 1999). The present
investigation has been taken up to test the
efficacy of fungicides and herbicides against
stem rot pathogen under in vitro conditions.
Materials and Methods
Isolation and Identification of the pathogen
Rice samples comprising of different cultivars
viz., MTU-3626, MTU-1010, MTU-1001,
JGL- 18047, NLR-34242, WGL-3962 and
RNR-15048 exhibiting stem rot symptoms
were collected. The affected samples were cut
into bits of 2-3 mm in size and 0.1% sodium
hypochlorite surface sterilized stem bits were
transferred aseptically into the Petri plates
containing potato dextrose agar medium and
incubated at 25 ± 1°C in BOD incubator for 7
days. The pathogen associated with the
diseased samples was identified based on
morphological and colony characteristics as
described by Barnett and Hunter (1972). In
vitro evaluation of the efficacy of eight
fungicides viz., Carbendazim (Bavistin),
Validamycin, Propiconazole (Tilt),
Azoxystrobin (Amister), Hexaconozole
(Contaf), Tebuconazole (Raxil), Copperoxy
chloride (Blitox), Mancozeb (Maneb) and five
herbicides viz., 2-4 D Sodium salt (Barrage,
Formula 40), Bispyribac sodium (Nominee
gold), Oxadiargyl (Topstar), Cyhalofop-p-
butyl (Clinture) and Pretilachlor (chek) at
recommended concentrations along with
suitable check was tested against stem rot
pathogen. The efficacy of fungicides and
herbicides against the test pathogen was
evaluated by poisoned food technique (Nene
and Thapliyal, 1993). Fifty ml of double
strength PDA was mixed with 50 ml of double
concentrated fungicide solution to obtain the
final concentration of fungicides and
herbicides, respectively. Twenty ml of this
medium was plated in 9 cm Petri plates. A five
mm mycelial disc of five days old culture was
inoculated at the centre of the petriplate and
then incubated at 28 ± 2°C for 7 days along
with control without fungicide. Three
replications were maintained for each
treatment. Per cent reduction in radial growth
over control was calculated by using the
following formulae given below
C – T
I = ----------- x 100
C
Where,
I: Per cent reduction in growth of the test
pathogen
C: Radial growth (mm) in control
T: Radial growth (mm) in treatment
Results and Discussion
Out of eight fungicides tested (Table-1),
Propiconazole @ 100 ppm and hexaconazole
@ 200 ppm were significantly superior over
all other treatments in inhibiting the mycelial
growth of S. oryzae by 100 per cent, while
Carbendazim (97.9%), Tebuconazole (97.7%)
and Mancozeb (97.76%) which were found on
par with each other in their efficacy against
the test pathogen. Superiority of triazoles
(Propiconazole and hexaconazole) over other
fungitoxicants (mancozeb, chlorothalonil,
thifluzamide) in managing stem rot has been
reported by Kumar et al., (2003), Gopika et
al., (2011) and Bhuvaneswari et al., (2014) in
testing different fungicides against stem rot
pathogen under in vitro conditions.

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Table.1 Efficacy of the fungicides against S.oryzae inciting stem rot of rice
S. No.
Fungicides
Concentration of
Fungicide (ppm)
Per cent inhibition of Radial
growth of S. oryzae*
1
Carbendazim
(Bavistin)
100
97.98
(81.98)
2
Validamycin
(Sheathmar)
200
56.56
(48.75)
3
Propiconazole
(Tilt)
100
100.00
(90.00)
4
Azoxystrobin
(Amister)
100
47.86
(43.3)
5
Tebuconazole
(Raxil)
100
97.77
(81.49)
6
Hexaconazole
(Contaf)
200
100.00
(90.00)
7
Copperoxy chloride
(Blitox)
300
78.37
(62.52)
8
Mancozeb
(Maneb)
300
97.76
(81.59)
9
Control
-
0.00 (0.00)
CD @ 5%
4.81
SE(m)
1.67
CV
5.80
All the figures are means of three replications. *Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values
Table.2 Efficacy of herbicides against S. oryzae inciting stem rot of rice
S. No.
Herbicides
Concentration of
herbicide (ppm)
Per cent inhibition of
Radial growth of S. oryzae*
1
2-4 D Sodium salt
(Barrage, Formula 40)
200
29.00
(35.68)
2
Bispyribac sodium
(Nominee gold)
50
53.29
(49.29)
3
Cyhalofop-p-butyl
(Clinture)
200
7.91
(14.37)
4
Pretilachlor
(Chek)
200
29.30
(31.43)
5
Oxadiargyl
(Topstar)
150
15.31
(23.27)
6
Control
-
0.00 (0.00)
CD @ 5%
1.29
SE(m)
0.44
CV
3.84
All the figures are means of three replications. *Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

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The present findings differed with the
findings of Hemanthu (2006) who reported
that Propiconazole and hexaconazole at
comparatively higher doses (500ppm and
1000 ppm) were found effective against rice
stem rot pathogen. In vitro evaluation of
fungicides showed that systemic fungicides
like penconazole and hexaconazole
completely inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii
of French bean even at @ 50 ppm
concentration (Gupta and Sharma, 2004).
Among the five herbicides tested, Bispyribac
sodium @ 50 ppm concentration was
significantly superior over other herbicides in
inhibiting the mycelial growth of S. oryzae by
53.29 per cent followed by 2-4 D Sodium salt
(29%) and Pretilachlor (29.3 %) which were
found on par with each other. Similarly Gupta
and Sharma (2004) reported that Benthiocarb
(Saturn 50 EC) showed the inhibitory effect
on growth and sclerotial formation of
S.oryzae.
The present study indicated that fungicides
viz., propiconazole and hexaconazole and
herbicide bispyribac sodium were found
effective against S. oryzae under in vitro
conditions.
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How to cite this article:
Prameela, M., B. Rajeswari and Krishnaveni, D. 2018. Efficacy of Fungicides and Herbicides
against Sclerotium oryzae Catt. Incitant of Stem Rot Disease in Rice.
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(02): 1650-1653. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.198