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CHECKLIST OF WORLD STREBLIDAE (DIPTERA: HIPPOBOSCOIDEA)

Authors:
Carl W Dick at Western Kentucky University
Carl W Dick
Gustavo Graciolli at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Gustavo Graciolli
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CHECKLIST OF WORLD STREBLIDAE
(DIPTERA: HIPPOBOSCOIDEA)
1,2Carl W. Dick and 3Gustavo Graciolli
1Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, 42101
USA. Email: carl.dick at wku.edu
2Center for Integrative Research, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois,
60605 USA.
3Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade
Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. Email: ggraciolli at
yahoo.com.br
Note: The following lists valid names for the family Streblidae. List is current as of 25
April 2018. Please contact us with any corrections or additions.
This list was made possible in part by grant from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0545051, DEB-
1003459). Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Family Streblidae Kolenati, 1863
5 subfamilies, 35 genera, 252 species
Subfamily Ascodipterinae (Monticelli, 1896) (Eastern Hemisphere)
Genus Ascodipteron Adensamer, 1896 (21 species + 1 subspecies)
Ascodipteron africanum africanum Jobling, 1939
- Ascodipteron africanum rhinolophi Jobling, 1958
Ascodipteron brachythecum Theodor, 1968
Ascodipteron brevior Maa, 1965
Ascodipteron egeri Hastriter, 2007
Ascodipteron guoliangi Sun, Ding, Pape & Zhang, 2022
Ascodipteron jonesi Jobling, 1952
Ascodipteron longiascus Hastriter, 2007
Ascodipteron lophotes Monticelli, 1898
Ascodipteron megastigmatos Jobling, 1956
Ascodipteron minor Theodor, 1973
Ascodipteron namrui Maa, 1965
Ascodipteron phyllorhinae Adensamer, 1896
Ascodipteron rhinolophi Jobling, 1958
Ascodipteron rhinopomatos Jobling, 1952
Ascodipteron sanmingense Sun, Ding, Pape & Zhang, 2021
Ascodipteron semirasum Maa, 1965
Ascodipteron speiserianum Muir, 1912
Ascodipteron tabulatum Speiser, 1908
Ascodipteron theodori Maa, 1965
Ascodipteron variisetosum Maa, 1965
Ascodipteron wenzeli Hastriter, 2007
Genus Maabella Hastriter & Bush, 2006 (1 species)
Maabella stomalata Hastriter & Bush, 2006
Genus Paraascodipteron Advani & Vazirani, 1981 (1 species)
Paraascodipteron scotophilus Advani & Vazirani, 1981
Subfamily Brachytarsininae (Speiser, 1900) (Eastern Hemisphere)
Genus Brachytarsina Macquart, 1851 (31 species + 4 subspecies)
Brachytarsina adversa Maa & Marshall, 1981
Brachytarsina africana (Walker, 1849)
Brachytarsina alluaudi (Falcoz, 1923)
Brachytarsina amboinensis amboinensis Rondani, 1878
- Brachytarsina amboinensis pretiosa (Falcoz, 1924)
- Brachytarsina amboinensis surcoufi (Falcoz, 1921)
- Brachytarsina amboinensis uniformis Maa, 1971
Brachytarsina asellisci Maa & Marshall, 1981
Brachytarsina aspera Maa, 1968
Brachytarsina buxtoni (Falcoz, 1927)
Brachytarsina carolinae Maa, 1967
Brachytarsina diversa (Fraunfeld, 1856)
Brachytarsina derosa Maa, 1968
Brachytarsina emersoni Maa, 1968
Brachytarsina flavipennis Macquart, 1851
Brachytarsina franclemonti (Matheson, 1945)
Brachytarsina hoogstraali (Jobling, 1951)
Brachytarsina joblingi Advani & Vazirani, 1981
Brachytarsina kanoi Maa, 1967
Brachytarsina kollari (Fraunfeld, 1855)
Brachytarsina longiarista longiarista (Jobling, 1949)
- Brachytarsina longiarista longipes Theodor, 1968
Brachytarsina maai Advani & Vazirani, 1981
Brachytarsina macrops (Jobling, 1951)
Brachytarsina minuta (Jobling, 1934)
Brachytarsina modesta (Jobling, 1934)
Brachytarsina proxima (Jobling, 1951)
Brachytarsina rouxi (Falcoz, 1921)
Brachytarsina scutellaris (Jobling, 1936)
Brachytarsina sinhai Vazirani & Advani, 1976
Brachytarsina suzukii Mogi, 1976
Brachytarsina theodori Advani & Vazirani, 1981
Brachytarsina trinotata Maa, 1968
Brachytarsina verecunda Maa, 1971
Brachytarsina werneri (Jobling, 1951)
Genus Megastrebla Maa, 1971 (7 species + 3 subspecies)
Subgenus Aoroura
Megastrebla bequaerti (Jobling, 1936)
Megastrebla limbooliati Maa, 1971
Megastrebla nigriceps (Jobling, 1934)
Megastrebla subtruncata Maa, 1975
Megastrebla wenzeli (Jobling, 1952)
Subgenus Megastrebla
Megastrebla gigantea gigantea (Speiser, 1899)
- Megastrebla gigantea kaluwawae Maa, 1971
- Megastrebla gigantea solomonis Maa, 1971
Megastrebla parvior parvior Maa, 1962
- Megastrebla parvior papuae Maa, 1971
Genus Raymondia Frauenfeld, 1855 (21 species + 1 subspecies)
Raymondia allisoni Theodor, 1968
Raymondia alulata Speiser, 1908
Raymondia aspera Maa, 1968
Raymondia boquieni Vermeil, 1965
Raymondia brachyphysa Jobling, 1956
Raymondia hardyi Fiedler, 1954
Raymondia huberi huberi Frauenfeld, 1855
- Raymondia huberi setosa Jobling, 1930
Raymondia intermedia Jobling, 1936
Raymondia javanica Falcoz, 1931
Raymondia lobulata Speiser, 1900
Raymondia molossa (Giglioli, 1864)
Raymondia pagodarum Speiser, 1900
Raymondia planiceps Jobling, 1930
Raymondia pseudopagodarum Jobling, 1951
Raymondia scopigera Jobling, 1954
Raymondia seminuda Jobling, 1954
Raymondia setiloba Jobling, 1955
Raymondia simplex Jobling, 1955
Raymondia spinosa Theodor, 1973
Raymondia tauffliebi Theodor, 1968
Raymondia waterstoni Jobling, 1931
Genus Raymondioides Jobling, 1954 (1 species)
Raymondioides leleupi Jobling, 1954
Subfamily Nycterophiliinae Wenzel, 1966 (Western Hemisphere)
Genus Enischnomyia† Poinar & Brown, 2012 (1 species; extinct)
Enischnomyia stegosoma† Poinar & Brown, 2012
Genus Nycterophilia Ferris, 1916 (6 species)
Nycterophilia bilineata Reeves, Loftis & Beck, 2012
Nycterophilia coxata Ferris, 1916
Nycterophilia fairchildi Wenzel, 1966
Nycterophilia mormoopsis Wenzel, 1976
Nycterophilia natali Wenzel, 1966
Nycterophilia parnelli Wenzel, 1966
Genus Phalconomus Wenzel, 1984 (1 species)
Phalconomus puliciformis Wenzel, 1976
Subfamily Streblinae Speiser, 1900 (New World)
Genus Anastrebla Wenzel, 1966 (5 species)
Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976
Anastrebla mattadeni Wenzel, 1966
Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, 1966
Anastrebla nycteridis Wenzel, 1966
Anastrebla spurrelli Wenzel, 1976
Genus Metelasmus Coquillett, 1907 (2 species)
Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907
Metelasmus wenzeli Graciolli & Dick, 2004
Genus Paraeuctenodes Pessôa & Guimarães, 1937 (2 species)
Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessôa & Guimarães, 1937
Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976
Genus Strebla Wiedemann, 1824 (26 species)
Strebla altmani Wenzel, 1966
Strebla alvarezi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla asternalis Wenzel, 1976
Strebla carvalhoi Graciolli, 2003
Strebla christinae Wenzel, 1966
Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel, 1976
Strebla consocia Wenzel, 1966
Strebla cormurae Wenzel, 1976
Strebla curvata Wenzel, 1976
Strebla diaemi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla diphyllae Wenzel, 1966
Strebla galindoi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965)
Strebla harderi Wenzel, 1976
Strebla hertigi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla hoogstraali Wenzel, 1966
Strebla kohlsi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla machadoi Wenzel, 1966
Strebla matsoni Wenzel, 1976
Strebla mexicana Rondani, 1878
Strebla mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879)
Strebla obtusa Wenzel, 1976
Strebla paramirabilis Wenzel, 1976
Strebla proxima Wenzel, 1976
Strebla tonatiae (Kessel, 1924)
Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856
Subfamily Trichobiinae Jobling, 1936 (Western Hemisphere)
Genus Anatrichobius Wenzel, 1966 (2 species)
Anatrichobius passosi Graciolli, 2003
Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, 1966
Genus Aspidoptera Coquillett, 1899 (3 species)
Aspidoptera delatorrei Wenzel, 1966
Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976
Aspidoptera phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833)
Genus Eldunnia Curran, 1934 (1 species)
Eldunnia breviceps Curran, 1934
Genus Exastinion Wenzel, 1966 (3 species)
Exastinion clovisi (Pessôa & Guimarães, 1937)
Exastinion deceptivum Wenzel, 1976
Exastinion oculatum Wenzel, 1976
Genus Joblingia Dybas & Wenzel, 1947 (2 species)
Joblingia schmidti Dybas & Wenzel, 1947
Joblingia minuta Graciolli & Dick, 2012
Genus Mastoptera Wenzel, 1966 (2 species)
Mastoptera guimaraesi Wenzel, 1966
Mastoptera minuta (Costa Lima, 1921)
Genus Megistapophysis Dick & Wenzel, 2006 (1 species)
Megistapophysis mordax Dick & Wenzel, 2006
Genus Megistopoda Macquart, 1852 (3 species)
Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899)
Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926)
Megistopoda theodori Wenzel, 1966
Genus Neotrichobius Wenzel & Aitken, 1966 (4 species)
Neotrichobius bisetosus Wenzel, 1976
Neotrichobius delicatus Machado-Allison, 1966
Neotrichobius ectophyllae Wenzel, 1976
Neotrichobius stenopterus Wenzel & Aitken, 1966
Genus Noctiliostrebla Wenzel, 1966 (11 species)
Noctiliostrebla aitkeni Wenzel, 1966
Noctiliostrebla caissara Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla dubia (Rudow, 1871)
Noctiliostrebla eduadorensis Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla falsispina Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla guerreroi Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla lamasi Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla maai Wenzel, 1966
Noctiliostrebla morena Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla pantaneira Alcantara, Graciolli & Nihei, 2019
Noctiliostrebla traubi Wenzel, 1966
Genus Paradyschiria Speiser, 1900 (5 species)
Paradyschiria curvata Wenzel, 1976
Paradyschiria fusca Speiser, 1900
Paradyschiria lineata Kessel, 1925
Paradyschiria parvula Falcoz, 1931
Paradyschiria parvuloides Wenzel, 1966
Genus Parastrebla Wenzel, 1966 (1 species)
Parastrebla handleyi Wenzel, 1966
Genus Paratrichobius Costa Lima, 1921 (6 species)
Paratrichobius americanus Peterson & Ross, 1972
Paratrichobius dunni (Curran, 1935)
Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)
Paratrichobius lowei Wenzel, 1966
Paratrichobius salvini Wenzel, 1966
Paratrichobius sanchezi Wenzel, 1966
Genus Pseudostrebla Costa Lima, 1921 (3 species)
Pseudostrebla greenwelli Wenzel, 1966
Pseudostrebla ribeiroi Costa Lima, 1921
Pseudostrebla sparsisetis Wenzel, 1966
Genus Speiseria Kessel, 1925 (3 species)
Speiseria ambigua Kessel, 1925
Speiseria magnioculus Wenzel, 1976
Speiseria peytonae Wenzel, 1976
Genus Stizostrebla Jobling, 1939 (1 species)
Stizostrebla longirostris Jobling, 1939
Genus Synthesiostrebla Townsend, 1913 (2 species)
Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913
Synthesiostrebla cisandina Graciolli & Azevedo, 2011
Genus Trichobioides Wenzel, 1966 (1 species)
Trichobioides perspicillatus (Pessôa & Galvão, 1937)
Genus Trichobius Gervais, 1844 (69 species + 1 subspecies)
“pallidus” species group
Trichobius pallidus (Curran, 1934)
“caecus” species group
Trichobius bilobus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius caecus Edwards, 1918
Trichobius galei Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius johnsonae Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius machadoallisoni Guerrero, 1998
Trichobius wenzeli Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius yunkeri Wenzel, 1966
“uniformis” species group
Trichobius keenani Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius lionycteridis Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius lonchophyllae Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius uniformis Curran, 1935
“major” species group
Trichobius adamsi Augustson, 1943
Trichobius cernyi Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius corynorhini Cockerell, 1910
Trichobius dominicanus Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius dusbabeki Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius frequens Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius hirsutulus Bequaert, 1933
Trichobius hoffmannae Guerrero & Morales-Malacara, 1996
Trichobius leionotus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius longipilis Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius macroti Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius major Coquillett, 1899
Trichobius parasparsus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius pseudotruncatus Jobling, 1938
Trichobius robynae Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius sparsus Kessel, 1925
Trichobius sphaeronotus Jobling, 1939
Trichobius truncatus Kessel, 1925
“longipes” species group
Trichobius affinis Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius bequaerti Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius costalimai Guimarães, 1938
Trichobius dybasi Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius longipes (Rudow, 1871)
Trichobius mendezi Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius silvicolae Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius strictisternis Wenzel, 1976
“dugesii” species group, “dugesii” species group complex
Trichobius angulatus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius assimilis Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891
Trichobius handleyi Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius intermedius Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius macrophylli Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius mexicanus Tlapaya-Romero, García-Méndez & Ramírez-Martínez,
2023
Trichobius neotropicus Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius persimilis Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius propinquus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius urodermae Wenzel, 1966
“dugesii” species group, “parasiticus” species group complex
Trichobius anducei Guerrero, 1998
Trichobius diaemi Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius diphyllae Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius dugesioides dugesioides Wenzel, 1966
- Trichobius dugesioides phyllostomus Guerrero, 1998
Trichobius ethophallus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius flagellatus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius furmani Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844
Trichobius tuttlei Wenzel, 1976
“phyllostomae” species group
Trichobius brennani Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius hispidus Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius petersoni Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925
Trichobius vampyropis Wenzel, 1966
“dunni” species group
Trichobius cognatus Peterson & Hürka, 1974
Trichobius dunni Wenzel, 1966
Trichobius imitator Wenzel, 1976
Trichobius jubatus Wenzel, 1976
Genus Xenotrichobius Wenzel, 1976 (2 species)
Xenotrichobius linaresi Guerrero, 1998
Xenotrichobius noctilionis Wenzel, 1976
Subfamily Incertae sedis (Western Hemisphere)
Genus Dickia Graciolli, Santos & Rebelo, 2022 (2 species)
Dickia nordestina Graciolli, Santos & Rebelo, 2022
Dickia pentamera Graciolli, Santos & Rebelo, 2022
... Diptera species of the family Streblidae (superfamily Hippoboscoidea) are one of the most diverse, abundant, adapted, and specialized ectoparasites that feed on bat blood (Wenzel et al. 1966;Patterson 2006, 2007). Of the 245 species recorded worldwide, 161 have been documented in America (Dick and Graciolli 2018). Most Streblid species are members of Phyllostomidae (Dick and Patterson 2006), one of the most diverse families of bats. ...
... Most Streblid species are members of Phyllostomidae (Dick and Patterson 2006), one of the most diverse families of bats. Streblid bat flies are grouped into three subfamilies: Nycterophilinae, Trichobinae, and Streblinae (Dick and Graciolli 2018). Although the life cycle of bat flies occurs entirely on the host, the pupae are deposited in the bat roost and, following pupation, the emerged adult must rapidly find a bat host (Dick and Patterson 2006). ...
A Five-Year Study on Infestation and Abundance of Bat Flies (Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae) Under Severe Dry Season Conditions in the Tropical Dry Forest of Yucatan, Mexico
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2024
  • NEOTROP ENTOMOL
In Mexico, few studies have explored how environmental conditions in tropical dry forests (TDF) influence bat fly load even though, according to climate change scenarios, this ecosystem will experience a drier and warmer climate. Such an extension of the dry season in these ecosystems could have dramatic consequences for biodiversity, particularly in regions with plains where animals do not have elevational climate shifts. The present study therefore evaluates the effect of prevailing environmental conditions during 2015–2019, as well as host body conditions, on the infestation and abundance of bat-specific ectoparasites and the composition and bat fly load in the dry season of a TDF in Yucatan. Since Yucatan has an essentially flat and low-lying topography, organisms cannot escape from the predicted extreme conditions with elevational shifts. This region is therefore an excellent location for assessment of the potential effects of warming. We collected 270 bat flies from 12 species. Three streblid species (Nycterophilia parnelli Wenzel, Trichobius johnsonae Wenzel, and Trichobius sparsus Kessel) are new records for Yucatan. Our overview of the dry season bat ectoparasite loads reveals low values of richness and prevalence, but high aggregation. Our models detected significant differences in ectoparasite infestation and abundance over the years, but the environmental and body host condition variables were unrelated to these. We report that pregnant females are parasitized to a greater extent by bat flies during the dry season, which generally represents the season of most significant nutritional stress.
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... Nycteribiidae, belonging to the Dipteran superfamily Hippoboscoidea, is a specialized parasitic insect on the body surface of bats (Szentivanyi et al., 2016). More than 270 species of Nycteribiidae are known to exist (Dick and Graciolli, 2018). Together with the family Streblidae, they are called bat flies which feed on the blood of bats. ...
Complete mitochondrial genome of Penicillidia jenynsii (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Nycteribiidae) and phylogenetic relationship
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2023
In recent years, bat-associated pathogens, such as 2019 novel coronavirus, have been ravaging the world, and ectoparasites of bats have received increasing attention. Penicillidia jenynsii is a member of the family Nycteribiidae which is a group of specialized ectoparasites of bats. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. jenynsii was sequenced for the first time and a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea was conducted. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. jenynsii is 16 165 base pairs (bp) in size, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea known from the NCBI supported the monophyly of the family Nycteribiidae, and the family Nycteribiidae was a sister group with the family Streblidae. This study not only provided molecular data for the identification of P. jenynsii , but also provided a reference for the phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea.
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... Previous studies that have identified "Candidatus Aschnera chinzeii" as the primary symbiont in nycteribiid flies examined species that are geographically limited to Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania [102,103]. Species within Basilia, the only globally distributed bat fly genus [105,106], have varying symbiont associations [49,50,103,104]. Only one previous study has examined symbionts of Basilia from The Americas [107]. ...
Cascading effects of habitat loss on ectoparasite communities and their associated bacterial microbiomes
Preprint
  • Jul 2022
Suitable habitat fragment size, isolation, and distance from a source are important variables influencing community composition of plants and animals, but the role of these environmental factors in determining composition and variation of host-associated microbial communities is poorly known. In parasite-associated microbial communities, it is hypothesized that evolution and ecology of an arthropod parasite will influence its microbiome more than broader environmental factors, but this hypothesis has not been extensively tested. To examine the influence of the broader environment on the parasite microbiome, we applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the microbiome of 222 obligate ectoparasitic bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from 155 bats (representing six species) from ten habitat fragments in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Parasite species identity is the strongest driver of microbiome composition. To a lesser extent, reduction in habitat fragment area, but not isolation, is associated with an increase in connectance and betweenness centrality of bacterial association networks driven by changes in the diversity of the parasite community. Controlling for the parasite community, bacterial network topology covaries with habitat patch area and exhibits parasite-species specific responses to environmental change. Taken together, habitat loss may have cascading consequences for communities of interacting macro- and microorgansims.
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... Approximately 230 species in 33 genera from Streblidae and 280 species in 11 genera from Nycteribiidae have been recorded to date [6]. Nycteribiid and streblid species are not equally distributed among global regions [7,8]. Nearly 70% of streblid species are distributed within the New World tropics or subtropics, and relatively few species occur exclusively in temperate zones, whereas about 80% of nycteribiid species occur in the Old World tropics or subtropics [4]. ...
Species richness of bat flies and their associations with host bats in a subtropical East Asian region
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2023
Background Understanding the interactions between bat flies and host bats offer us fundamental insights into the coevolutionary and ecological processes in host-parasite relationships. Here, we investigated the identities, host specificity, and patterns of host association of bat flies in a subtropical region in East Asia, which is an understudied region for bat fly research. Methods We used both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding to identify the bat fly species found on 11 cavernicolous bat species from five bat families inhabiting Hong Kong. We first determined the phylogenetic relationships among bat fly species. Then, we elucidated the patterns of bat-bat fly associations and calculated the host specificity of each bat fly species. Furthermore, we assembled the mitogenomes of three bat fly species from two families (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) to contribute to the limited bat fly genetic resources available. Results We examined 641 individuals of bat flies and found 20 species, of which many appeared to be new to science. Species of Nycteribiidae included five Nycteribia spp., three Penicillidia spp., two Phthiridium spp., one Basilia sp., and one species from a hitherto unknown genus, whereas Streblidae included Brachytarsina amboinensis , three Raymondia spp., and four additional Brachytarsina spp. Our bat-bat fly association network shows that certain closely related bat flies within Nycteribiidae and Streblidae only parasitized host bat species that are phylogenetically more closely related. For example, congenerics of Raymondia only parasitized hosts in Rhinolophus and Hipposideros , which are in two closely related families in Rhinolophoidea, but not other distantly related co-roosting species. A wide spectrum of host specificity of these bat fly species was also revealed, with some bat fly species being strictly monoxenous, e.g. nycteribiid Nycteribia sp. A, Phthiridium sp. A, and streblid Raymondia sp. A, while streblid B. amboinensis is polyxenous. Conclusions The bat fly diversity and specificity uncovered in this study have shed light on the complex bat-bat fly ecology in the region, but more bat-parasite association studies are still needed in East Asian regions like China as a huge number of unknown species likely exists. We highly recommend the use of DNA barcoding to support morphological identification to reveal accurate host-ectoparasite relationships for future studies. Graphical Abstract
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... Geoffroy) from Mexico, however this dengue virus has never been reported transmission from flies to human (Abundes-Gallegos et al., 2018). Globally, these bat ectoparasitic flies reported to account more than 515 species (276 of Nycteribiidae and 239 of Streblidae) (Graciolli and Dick, 2018;Dick and Graciolli, 2013). These two families, the tiny-sized members of the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, can be distinguished from each other by the possess of a spider-like appearance in the family Nycterbiidae, absent of eyes in some genera (e.g., Nycteribia, Phthiridium, and some species of Basilia), and wingless; while the family Streblidae (such as Brachytarsina, Megastrebla, Raymondia) is rather hairy than the former family and having a pair of wings. ...
A Checklist of Nycteribiid and Streblid Bat Flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) from Thailand with Thirteen New Records for the Country
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2021
The Nycteribiidae and Streblidae are known as two families of obligate blood sucking ectoparasites of bats. Recent data on nycteribiid and streblid bat flies collected from 15 provinces in Thailand during 2018-2020 are hereby presented with data from previous studies. This study recorded 26 species belonging to nine genera of Nycteribiidae and Streblidae known to be associated with 44 host bats species. Thirteen species of which, 11 nycteribiids and two streblids, are herein recorded from Thailand for the first time. Altogether with previously reported records, this paper lists a total of 59 known bat flies, 43 nycteribiids and 16 streblids, with their 63 associated host bat species.
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... The genus Strebla contains 26 species (Dick & Graciolli, 2018) but the one treated in this study differs from all the others as the frontoclypeus have a pair of detached plates or an unsclerotized median suture; the second anterior pigmented mesonotal suture is usually distinct; the tibia III has only two or three distal setae on the dorsal surface that are longer than the others; the preceding setae are less than twice long as the other tibial setae; the prescutum has only two irregular transverse rows of setae laterally between the transverse mesonotal suture and the anterior suture; the postvertex has eight strong macrosetae arising from the posterior margin on each side; the thoracic setae is anterior to the mesonotal suture sparse; and the male genitalia have postgonites at a curved angle (Wenzel et al., 1966;Graciolli & Carvalho, 2001). ...
Ectoparasite insects of bats from the fields and weedlands eco-region of Argentina
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2020
New information is presented for bats and their ectoparasite insects from the Argentine Field and Weedlands Ecoregion. Bats of the families Molossidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae containing ectoparasites belonging to families Polyctenidae (Hemiptera), Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (Diptera) were collected. Here is presented the first record of Hesperoctenes cartus Jordan, 1922 for Argentina. Basilia plaumanni Scott, 1940 and H. vicinus Jordan, 1922 are added to the province of Misiones and Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) is added to the province of Corrientes. Additionally, the distributions of some ectoparasite insects are extended and new host-ectoparasite associations are reported.
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... Bat flies were screened for the presence of Arthrorhynchus thalli (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales) under 40-50× magnification. Bat fly identification was based on several keys (Theodor 1957(Theodor , 1967(Theodor , 1968(Theodor , 1973 and bat fly taxonomy follows Dick & Graciolli (2013) and Graciolli & Dick (2018). In addition, African bat flies stored in 70 % ethanol at the entomology collection of the California Acade-'b-c' indicating the 90 % confidence interval, and 'a' and 'd' representing extreme values; 'Q' stands for length/width ratio and 'Q av ' stands for the average Q value (Liang & Yang 2011). ...
FUSE 6 SYDOWIA
Article
  • Oct 2020
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
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DarkCideS 1.0, a global database for bats in karsts and caves
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2022
Understanding biodiversity patterns as well as drivers of population declines, and range losses provides crucial baselines for monitoring and conservation. However, the information needed to evaluate such trends remains unstandardised and sparsely available for many taxonomic groups and habitats, including the cave-dwelling bats and cave ecosystems. We developed the DarkCideS 1.0 (https://darkcides.org/), a global database of bat caves and species synthesised from publicly available information and datasets. The DarkCideS 1.0 is by far the largest database for cave-dwelling bats, which contains information for geographical location, ecological status, species traits, and parasites and hyperparasites for 679 bat species are known to occur in caves or use caves in part of their life histories. The database currently contains 6746 georeferenced occurrences for 402 cave-dwelling bat species from 2002 cave sites in 46 countries and 12 terrestrial biomes. The database has been developed to be collaborative and open-access, allowing continuous data-sharing among the community of bat researchers and conservation biologists to advance bat research and comparative monitoring and prioritisation for conservation.
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Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) of phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the mountainous central region of Veracruz, Mexico
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2020
  • Syst Parasitol
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Nature B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". Abstract The studies of bat flies of the family Streblidae Kolenati, 1863 in Mexico have intensified in the last five years, usually providing new geographical records of species and new bats host records. Currently, the Mexican fauna of streblids is composed of 59 species, representing 26% of total global species richness. Veracruz is one of the states with a high number of species in Mexico with 69% of species recorded in the country. We sampled a total of 527 bats of four subfamilies and 12 species, collecting a total of 870 specimens of 19 species of streblids. Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) and Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) were the most abundant species in the collection and are the two species found in a higher number of bat species. We provide comments on the taxonomy and host species for bat flies, increase the species records for this state, and add new host records for some streblids, contributing to the knowledge of streblid fauna of the mountain central region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico.
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Variation of dipteran ectoparasites (Streblidae) on Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838 (Phyllostomidae) in two caves in southeastern Brazil
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2022
  • Parasitol Res
Bats are parasitized by many different arthropods, among which the dipteran families Nycteribiidae and Streblidae are exclusive to bats. Researches that relate the ecology of ectoparasites with their hosts are fundamental for understanding issues related to the interactions between these two groups, in addition to epidemiological aspects of pathogen transmission. The present study evaluated the rate of infestation by dipteran (Streblidae) ectoparasites in two colonies of Anoura geoffroyi associated with caves in the southeastern Brazil. It also evaluated whether parasitological indices differ significantly with regard to host sex and reproductive condition. A total of 1377 bats were captured, of which 84% were parasitized. From these, a total of 5047 streblid bat flies belonging to three species of three genera were collected and identified. The most abundant was Exastinion clovisi (57%), followed by Anastrebla modestini (30%) and Trichobius propinquus (13%). In general, the populations of ectoparasites fluctuated throughout the year, with peaks of abundance during the rainy season. The sex ratios for the species of ectoparasites were close to one, which differs from what is reported in the literature. In addition, there were significant differences in parasitism rates in relation to host sex and reproductive condition. In both populations, ectoparasite infestation of pregnant or lactating females was significantly higher than for non-reproductive females. New studies aimed at assessing whether these higher rates of infestation have any effect on female bat reproduction are needed.
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