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A newly discovered population of the Balkan spiny loach Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) in the River Jihlava, Czech Republic
Abstract
In the Czech Republic, the Balkan spiny loach Sabanejewia balcanica was historically only known from the River Bečva, a left tributary of the River Morava, itself a main tributary of the River Danube. Following its assumed extinction in the Czech Republic, a small population was found in a 1 km stretch of the River Vlára at the Slovak border, with individuals presumably having migrated from Slovakia. In 2016, we recorded six individuals in the downstream stretch of the River Jihlava. Based on present knowledge, this appears to be a population situated wholly outside of its previously known area of distribution, and the only population presently found in the 26000 km² River Morava drainage basin. The distance of this population from the species’ present distribution area and historic findings in the River Bečva clearly indicate a much wider historical distribution of this species in the past.
... balcanica vs. S. bulgarica) based on molecular analyses, it is necessary to point out the fact that most of previous studies focused on resolving the taxonomic status did not include samples from their terra typica (Bartoňová et al., 2008;Perdices et al., 2003;Buj et al. 2008). Our results comprising samples from both of these species have shown that the haplotypes of S. bulgarica population from the type locality are spread across almost all haplotype groups in Slovakia and they are also clustered with most of the samples from Danube basin previously considered as species S. balcanica Halačka, Muška, Mendel, & Vetešník, 2017;Perdices et al., 2003). All phylogenetic and delimitation methods used reliably differentiated the two species and, at the same time, drew our ...
The status of golden loaches (genus Sabanejewia ) in the region of Central Europe and Balkans is still ambiguous. The greatest controversy is caused by species Sabanejewia balcanica and S. bulgarica . Both species are characterized by a wide spectrum of morphological variability and overlapping of distinguishing features, which then lead to difficulties in their determination. Previous phylogenetic studies aimed on the resolving of their taxonomic status did not include samples from their type localities and so led to a lack of their true distribution in this region. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify taxonomic status of golden loaches populations in the region of the middle Danube basin and adjacent areas on the model territory of Slovakia. For this purpose, we used novelty approach (morphological, molecular, and microhabitat) and we also included the missing samples from the type localities of both species. Based on mtDNA all the Slovakian samples reflected haplotype richness revealed on the type locality of S. bulgarica , although the genetic distances from other representatives of the genus Sabanejewia occurring are not significant. Within the morphology, we have revealed a great measure of variability in studied populations, which is largely caused by different habitat conditions and thus representing a phenotypic plasticity of these fish.
In 1995 and 1996 the fish communities inhabiting nine artificial pools were investigated in the floodplain along the lower reaches of the River Dyje. In the habitats under study, evidence has been obtained of the occurrence of 23 species and two interspecific hybrids (Table I). Esox lucius, Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Tinca tinca, Blicca bjoerkna, Abramis brama, Rhodeus sericeus, Carassius auratus, Misgurnus fossilis and Perca fluviatilis were evaluated as the characteristic components of fish communities inhabiting aquatic habitats in the floodplain along the lower reaches of the River Dyje. The previous keystone species, Tinca tinca and especially Carassius carassius, have been recorded only occasionally and their restoration is considered. The present occurrence of fish species and the species composition of the fish communities under study are the result of natural development during the past decade. Natural floods following excessively increased water discharges in the River Dyje are of decisive importance in the formation of fish communities in the pools under study. The data obtained indicate that artificial permanent pools can fully compensate for the previous natural aquatic habitats such as pools, river arms and little lakes that had developed through the fluvial activity of the river and that were later permanently eliminated in its lower reaches.
We examined the occurrence of species within the genera Cobitis and Sabanejewia in the water bodies of the Czech Republic. Currently Cobitis elongatoides and its hybrid polyploid complexes are associated with the River Dyje and its floodplain (Danube basin), with the upper part of the River Lužnice drainage area (including its fishpond area) and, further on, with the central area of the River Elbe. Populations of C. elongatoides and Sabanejewia bakanica. which had been reported previously in the literature were absent from those localities. The principal factors were polluted waters, modification and regulation of water stream channels and also dam constructions. At present, C. elongatoides is considered to be critically endangered while S. aurata is no longer found in the Czech Republic.
A b s t r a c t . Altogether 71 samples collected in 1968–2004 from the Rokytná and Loučka rivers were used to estimate proportional fish species richness from single-pass electro-fishing and probabilities of detection for individual fish species. Mean estimated species richness from single-pass sampling (p1) was 95.4% and 96.2% of estimated total species richness for Rokytná and Loučka rivers, respectively. However, p1 values for individual sites ranged from 71.4% to 100% of estimated total species richness. Additional species unique to the second pass were collected in 38% (Rokytná) and 22% (Loučka) of the samples. When assessing the fish assemblage structure by a multivariate technique (PCA), considerable inaccuracy between the single-pass and two-pass electro-fishing data was also observed. Decisions regarding standardized sampling effort and whether to conduct one or more electro-fishing passes must be based on study objectives. For more accurate evaluations of fish assemblage structure two-pass electro-fishing is recommended. Three-pass electro-fishing did not produce significant increase of species richness.
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