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THE EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE ON FR/FA RATIO AND OTHER RELATED CHRACTERS OF CHRYSOTUS MEIGEN，1824 (DIPTERA, DOLICHOPODIDAE, DIAPHORINAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES
Abstract
Abstract In the present paper, a group of species separated from Chrysotus Meigen, 1824 is establishied as new genus, Dubius gen. nov., of which five new species from Guizhou, Southwestern China are described: D. autumnalus sp. nov., D. curtus sp. nov., D. frontus sp. nov., D. hongyaensis sp. nov. and D. succurtus sp. nov. It may be reasonable conjecture that Dubius gen. nov. derives from the Southern land (Gondwana land) and spreads to Oriental Region because of the new genus is only found in Neotropical Realm and Southwestern China belonging to Oriental Region.
... The dolichopodid fly genus Chrysotus was erected by Meigen (1824) with Musca nigripes Fabricius as its type species. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily Diaphorinae with more than 330 species (Becker 1922a(Becker , 1922bParent 1923;Van Duzee 1924, 1933Hollis 1964;Negrobov 1980;Negrobov and Maslova 1995;Pârvu 1995;Meuffels and Grootaert 1996;Bickel and Sinclair 1997;Olejníček 1999;Negrobov et al. 2000Negrobov et al. , 2003Yang 2006, 2008;Yang et al. 2006Yang et al. , 2011Wei and Yang 2007;Capellari and Amorim 2010;Naglis 2010;Wei and Zhang 2010;Wei et al. 2011;Grichanov 2012;Wei 2012aWei , 2012bLiu et al. 2013). The diagnostics of this genus were reviewed and updated by Wei and Zhang (2010) and Wei (2012b). ...
... It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily Diaphorinae with more than 330 species (Becker 1922a(Becker , 1922bParent 1923;Van Duzee 1924, 1933Hollis 1964;Negrobov 1980;Negrobov and Maslova 1995;Pârvu 1995;Meuffels and Grootaert 1996;Bickel and Sinclair 1997;Olejníček 1999;Negrobov et al. 2000Negrobov et al. , 2003Yang 2006, 2008;Yang et al. 2006Yang et al. , 2011Wei and Yang 2007;Capellari and Amorim 2010;Naglis 2010;Wei and Zhang 2010;Wei et al. 2011;Grichanov 2012;Wei 2012aWei , 2012bLiu et al. 2013). The diagnostics of this genus were reviewed and updated by Wei and Zhang (2010) and Wei (2012b). ...
ABSTRACT
The Ch. leigongshanus-group is proposed within Chrysotus
Meigen to include 56 new and 3 known species from China.
The species are described or redescribed and illustrated, being
divided into 6 subgroups and 4 temporarily unplaced species:
Ch. apicibifdus-subgroup (22 species), Ch. apicirotundussubgroup (9 species), Ch. apicisetosus-subgroup (9 species),
Ch. chishuiensis-subgroup (10 species), Ch. comminussubgroup (2 species), Ch. daozhenus-subgroup (3 species).
A key to the species-groups of Chrysotus known from China
and all 59 species assigned to the Ch. leigongshanus speciesgroup are provided. The type specimens of all new species are
housed in the Wei Lianmeng Model Worker Innovation Studio,
Anshun, Guizhou, China (WLMWISAGC).
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
494E9BF6-BB41-4098-97C3-8C6F3B3DOA9D
... Since the last century, the genus has many principal researchers and their representative papers as follows: Becker (1917Becker ( -1918Becker ( , 1922aBecker ( , 1922b, Bickel (2000Bickel ( , 2005Bickel ( , 2009), Bickel and Sinclair (1997), Capellari (2015), Capellari andAmorim (2010, 2012), Maslova and Negrobov (2015), Meuffels and Grootaert (1996), Negrobov (1980), Negrobov and Maslova (1995), Negrobov et al. (2000Negrobov et al. ( , 2003Negrobov et al. ( , 2015, Parent (1938Parent ( , 1944, Robinson (1975), Ulrich (1981), Van Duzee (1924), Wei (2012aWei ( , 2012b, Wei and Zhang (2010), Wei and Yang (2007), Wei et al. (2011Wei et al. ( , 2014, Woodley (1996), Yang et al. (2006Yang et al. ( , 2011, Zhou and Wei (2017). ...
... Especially a group of species separated from Chrysotus was established as a new genus, viz., Dubius Wei, based mainly on the shape structure of male frons, viz., index of frons (frons/face ratio), which is gradative alternatives regularly in all members of Dubius Wei and regarded as the transformation series of the recency of common ancestry, viz., phylogenetic characters. The new genus includes 12 species distributed in South to Southwestern China and South America in geological history once belonging to Southern land (Gondwana land) (Wei 2012b;Liu et al. 2015b). However, Capellari and Amorim (2014) do not think all species of Dubius Wei can be assembled together in a single genus -at least three New World lineages of Chrysotus are involved there. ...
The Ch. leigongshanus-group is proposed within Chrysotus Meigen to include 56 new and 3 known species from China. The species are described or redescribed and illustrated, being divided into 6 subgroups and 4 temporarily unplaced species: Ch. apicibifidus-subgroup (22 species), Ch. apicirotundus-subgroup (9 species), Ch. apicisetosus-subgroup (9 species), Ch. chishuiensis-subgroup (10 species), Ch. comminus-subgroup (2 species), Ch. daozhenus-subgroup (3 species). A key to the species-groups of Chrysotus known from China and all 59 species assigned to the Ch. leigongshanus species-group are provided. The type specimens of all new species are housed in the Wei Lianmeng Model Worker Innovation Studio, Anshun, Guizhou, China (WLMWISAGC).
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:494E9BF6-BB41-4098-97C3-8C6F3B3DOA9D
... The dolichopodid fly genus Chrysotus was erected by Meigen (1824) with Musca nigripes Fabricius as its type species. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily Diaphorinae with more than 330 species (Becker 1922a(Becker , 1922bParent 1923;Van Duzee 1924, 1933Hollis 1964;Negrobov 1980;Negrobov and Maslova 1995;Pârvu 1995;Meuffels and Grootaert 1996;Bickel and Sinclair 1997;Olejníček 1999;Negrobov et al. 2000Negrobov et al. , 2003Yang 2006, 2008;Yang et al. 2006Yang et al. , 2011Wei and Yang 2007;Capellari and Amorim 2010;Naglis 2010;Wei and Zhang 2010;Wei et al. 2011;Grichanov 2012;Wei 2012aWei , 2012bLiu et al. 2013). The diagnostics of this genus were reviewed and updated by Wei and Zhang (2010) and Wei (2012b). ...
... It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily Diaphorinae with more than 330 species (Becker 1922a(Becker , 1922bParent 1923;Van Duzee 1924, 1933Hollis 1964;Negrobov 1980;Negrobov and Maslova 1995;Pârvu 1995;Meuffels and Grootaert 1996;Bickel and Sinclair 1997;Olejníček 1999;Negrobov et al. 2000Negrobov et al. , 2003Yang 2006, 2008;Yang et al. 2006Yang et al. , 2011Wei and Yang 2007;Capellari and Amorim 2010;Naglis 2010;Wei and Zhang 2010;Wei et al. 2011;Grichanov 2012;Wei 2012aWei , 2012bLiu et al. 2013). The diagnostics of this genus were reviewed and updated by Wei and Zhang (2010) and Wei (2012b). ...
The dolichopodid genus Chrysotus Meigen from China is reviewed by defining of a new species group, the Chrysotus papuanus with 107 species, along with descriptions of 105 new species. A key to the other Chrysotus species groups and the species constituting the papuanus species group is provided. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Anshun City, Guizhou, China.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4395C0CE-F96A-411A-87B7-FDC28ADA512F
... One species of the mediotinctus-group, C. maculatus, was recently assigned to the genus Dubius Wei, along with species of the above mentioned second group -namely C. angustifrons (Robinson, 1975), C. robustus (Robinson, 1975), C. spectabilis, and C. wirthi (Robinson, 1975), all Neotropical -and five Oriental species from Southwestern China (Wei 2012). As originally proposed by Wei (2012), Dubius seems to assemble different lineages of Chrysotus, but the lack of a convincing diagnosis for the genus Dubius is still an issue to be addressed. ...
... One species of the mediotinctus-group, C. maculatus, was recently assigned to the genus Dubius Wei, along with species of the above mentioned second group -namely C. angustifrons (Robinson, 1975), C. robustus (Robinson, 1975), C. spectabilis, and C. wirthi (Robinson, 1975), all Neotropical -and five Oriental species from Southwestern China (Wei 2012). As originally proposed by Wei (2012), Dubius seems to assemble different lineages of Chrysotus, but the lack of a convincing diagnosis for the genus Dubius is still an issue to be addressed. A close relationship between the mediotinctus-group and Dubius based on the assignment of C. maculatus to that genus, however, is certainly spurious. ...
Based on examination of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera) material in the Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlung Dresden, eight Neotropical species of Diaphorus Meigen are herein transferred to the genus Chrysotus Meigen: C. amicus (Parent), comb. n.; C. ciliatus (Becker), comb. n. (= C. superbiens (Parent), comb. n. et syn. n.); C. hama-tus (Parent), comb. n.; C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n., nec Parent; C. luteipalpus (Parent), comb. n.; C. mediotinctus (Becker), comb. n.; C. propinquus (Becker), comb. n. Additionally, C. kallweiti Capellari & Amorim, nom. n. is proposed as a replacement name for C. vicinus Parent, nec C. vicinus (Becker), comb. n., and C. diligens Parent is found to be a junior-synonym of C. viridis Becker. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for species with syntypes in their type-series. The mediotinctus-group is proposed within Chrysotus for a small clade including five South American species, and an identification key to the species of the group is provided.
The long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae) of the island of Montserrat in the Lesser Antilles have been surveyed and include 63 species in 27 genera. The following eleven new species are described and illustrated: Amblypsilopus marskeae sp. nov., Medetera iviei sp. nov., Medetera montserratensis sp. nov., Systenus ladonnae sp. nov., Thrypticus mediofuscus sp. nov., Chrysotus antillensis sp. nov., Chrysotus callichromoides sp. nov., Chrysotus interfrons sp. nov., Chrysotus montserratensis sp. nov., Diaphorus robinsoni sp. nov., and Sympycnus montserratensis sp. nov. Six species have only been found on Montserrat (ca. 10% endemicity). Keys are provided to the genera and species on Montserrat, their known distribution summarized, and additional new island records provided for many species. Asyndetus wirthi Robinson is synonymized with A. interruptus (Loew) and Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich) is removed from synonymy with A. barbata (Loew). Diaphorus flavipes Aldrich is transferred to Chrysotus as a new combination. A new replacement name, Chrysotus milvadu nom. nov., is provided for the Nearctic Chrysotus parvulus Van Duzee. Lectotypes are designated for Achradocera apicalis (Aldrich) and Asyndetus fratellus Aldrich. The fauna of Montserrat is summarized and compared with that of Dominica. Collecting methods are compared and threats to the dolichopodid fauna of Montserrat discussed.
Previously only two species of Chrysotus were known to occur in Guangxi of China. Here a revision of the genus from Guangxi is presented. Eight species are herein reported. The following three species are described as new to science: Chrysotus guangxiensis sp. nov., Chrysotus triprojicienus sp. nov. and Chrysotus xiaominae sp. nov. Three species are recorded from Guangxi for the first time: Chrysotus biprojicienus Wei et Zhang, Chrysotus shanxiensis Liu et Yang, and Chrysotus motuoensis Liu et Yang. A key to the species of Chrysotus from Guangxi of China is provided. The relationship of the two genera Dubius and Chrysotus is discuss.
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