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Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species from southern Spain
(Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Parametriotinae) with a catalogue of
parametriotine genera
J.C. (SJaak) koSter1, erik J. van nieukerken1
1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands;
sjaak.koster@naturalis.nl; nieukerken@naturalis.nl
http://zoobank.org/B34CC9BF-5C8F-40E1-BE7D-85E754F898D6
Received 14 June 2017; accepted 26 August 2017; published: 3 November 2017
Subject Editor: David C. Lees.
Abstract. The genus Gielisella gen. n., belonging to the Elachistidae: Parametriotinae is described with two
new species from southern Spain: its type species G. clarkeorum sp. n. and G. nigripalpis sp. n., both only
known from adults collected at light. DNA barcodes of both species are provided. The taxonomic history of
the Parametriotinae is discussed and a catalogue of the 35 recognised genera is provided as appendix. The
arguments for erecting a new genus are discussed and we hypothesize that this constitutes an overlooked
native Palaearctic element, although we cannot completely rule out the possibility of imported exotic species.
Introduction
With almost 20,000 described species, the Gelechioidea forms one of the mega-diverse super-
families of the Lepidoptera, exhibiting maybe the largest diversity of life histories anywhere in
Lepidoptera, including saprophagy, entomophagy, all kinds of phytophagy such as leafmining,
galling, case-building, webbing, etc. (Kaila et al. 2011; Heikkilä et al. 2014). Phylogenetically the
superfamily has a chequered history, particularly concerning the family level classication, with
genera and subfamilies switching from one to another family and family size changing frequently
(Minet 1990; Hodges 1998; Kaila 2004; Kaila et al. 2011; van Nieukerken et al. 2011; Heikkilä
et al. 2014). One of the taxa that has such a chequered history is the group until recently known
as the family Agonoxenidae, or the subfamily Agonoxeninae in Elachistidae. Once it was shown
that the type genus Agonoxena Meyrick, 1921 does probably not form a monophylum with the
other genera, these were removed to the subfamily Parametriotinae (Elachistidae) (Kaila 2004;
Kaila et al. 2011; Heikkilä et al. 2014), of which more than 50 species are known in the Palaearctic
Region with 16 species in six genera in Europe (Koster and Sinev 2003; Sinev and Koster 2013).
In 1978 Cees Gielis collected a small unknown female gelechioid moth in Spain, province of
Granada. The senior author and Sergey Sinev examined the specimen when preparing the man-
uscript for the series Microlepidoptera of Europe (Koster and Sinev 2003) and concluded that it
belonged to an unknown genus and species in the Agonoxenidae. However, they considered the
single female specimen insufcient for the description of a new genus and species and did not
include it in their treatment (Koster and Sinev 2003).
Nota Lepi. 40(2) 2017: 163–202 | DOI 10.3897/nl.40.14528
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...164
In February 2013 the senior author became aware of new material of this species collected by
Peter and Ginny Clarke in Almería, Spain, brought to his attention by Martin Corley. Photos of the
female genitalia conrmed that the species was conspecic with the unknown species collected
years ago in Granada. More material was gathered in the same locality the following years, and
surprisingly turned out to belong to two closely related species.
Although we were convinced that the new species belong to Parametriotinae, the lack of a
phylogenetic framework or even a taxonomic catalogue made our search for the correct placement
of these species almost impossible. After we canvassed several specialists, we considered several
possibilities, from an introduction from Australia to an unknown and hitherto overlooked Palaearc-
tic genus. In view of the lack of a catalogue and of the fact that the composition of the subfamily
has been considerably revised recently, we were prompted to prepare a generic catalogue of the
subfamily, here published as an appendix. We also provide a brief diagnosis of the subfamily, and
a brief taxonomic history.
Since we were unable to match our new species in external morphology or in genitalia to any of
the described genera, we describe here the new genus Gielisella and two new species, and provide
DNA barcodes of both species.
Methods
Genitalia were dissected following the methodology presented by Robinson (1976) and Brown
(1997). It is often impractical to spread the valvae of the male genitalia of Parametriotinae in the
ventral position, because of the rigid structure of the vinculum; we therefore avoided spreading.
Adults are illustrated by water colours prepared by JCK and with photographs prepared by EvN.
Watercolours are primarily prepared from a single specimen, but details may be taken from other
specimens; in Fig. 1 the abdomen is taken from a different specimen; the left wings and antennae in
the watercolours are not painted, but added in Photoshop as mirror images of the right counterparts.
Drawings of the wing venation and the genitalia were made with a compound microscope using the
camera lucida method. For this purpose a strong light source (slide projector) was used for the illu-
mination on the mirror of the microscope. A prism was placed on top of the microscope eyepiece to
bend the projection 90° and project the subject on drawing paper. All outlines were drawn by pencil
and later set in Indian ink. The head in Fig. 3 was drawn and adjusted on the basis of a photograph.
Photographs of moths were prepared with an AxioCam digital camera attached to a motorized
Zeiss SteREO Discovery V12, using the Module Extended Focus in the Carl Zeiss AxioVision
software to prepare a picture in full focus from a Z-stack of about 10 to 25 individual photos. Gen-
italia were photographed with a similar AxioCam camera on a manually operated Zeiss Axioskop
H, with just a single exposure.
Morphological terms follow Koster and Sinev (2003), except for the use of phallus rather than
aedeagus and the separation of the veins Rs (radial sector) from R, following most modern Lepi-
doptera treatments (Kristensen 2003).
The distribution map was prepared with DMAP 7.2c (Morton 2000).
DNA barcodes were derived from extracts taken from either legs or the abdomen, following
the procedures outlined by van Nieukerken et al. (2012). Sequence data have been deposited in
the public BOLD dataset “Gielisella [DS-GIELIS]” [doi: 10.5883/DS-GIELIS] and GenBank (Ta-
ble 1). For comparison we downloaded publicly available DNA barcodes of several other Para-
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 165
Table 1. Gielisella spp., registration numbers, BOLD numbers, COI gene length and GenBank accession
numbers. See also BOLD dataset http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-GIELIS.
Taxon Type status Sample Id BIN BOLD Process
Id COI-5P GenBank Collection
Gielisella clarkeorum Holotype RMNH.INS.544306 BOLD:ACU7245 LRMNH048-15 658 MF322622 RMNH
Gielisella clarkeorum Paratype RMNH.INS.544295 BOLD:ACU7245 LRMNH014-15 658 MF322624 RMNH
Gielisella clarkeorum Paratype RMNH.INS.544296 BOLD:ACU7245 LRMNH015-15 658 MF322623 coll. Clarke
Gielisella nigripalpis Holotype RMNH.INS.544307 BOLD:ACY4816 LRMNH049-15 658 MF322625 RMNH
metriotinae from the BOLD databases (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). The gured Neighbour
Joining tree was prepared with the tree building tools on BOLD. The tree should not be regarded
as showing phylogenetic relationships, since the selection of barcodes was done a priori and there
are other, unrelated species, that have barcodes closer to some of these species.
Abbreviations
ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
NHMUK The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
BOLD Barcoding of Life Datasystems, http://www.barcodinglife.com/
EvN Erik J. van Nieukerken
JCK J.C. (Sjaak) Koster
MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain.
PGC Collection Peter & Ginny Clarke, Glasbury on Wye, United Kingdom.
RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
TMSA Ditsong Museum of Natural History (former Transvaal Museum), Pretoria, South Africa.
ZIAN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Systematics
Parametriotinae
Diagnosis
The subfamily is very heterogeneous and members are therefore difcult to distinguish from other
families in Gelechioidea on external characters alone. There are similarities to species of Coleop-
horidae, Cosmopterigidae and Momphidae. If the forewing has a series of up to ten tufts of raised
scales, more or less arranged in pairs, the moth belongs to the genera Leptozestis Meyrick, 1924 or
Trachydora Meyrick, 1897. The male genitalia in Parametriotinae are characterized by the divid-
ed gnathos with at each arm the typical distal appendage in the shape of a spherical process with
spines or peg-like setae or by a bundle of teeth. In the female genitalia is the presence of a small to
large antrum with which the underneath connected ductus seminalis in combination with the long,
rather narrow ductus bursae and the elongated corpus bursae are characteristic. Examination of the
genitalia is necessary for proper identication. Some Roeslerstammiidae (e.g. Vanicela Walker,
1864) have confusingly similar male genitalia with a similar paired spinose gnathos, but can be
separated by the absence of scaling on the haustellum (Dugdale 1988, R.B.J. Hoare pers. comm.).
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...166
Description
Forewing length between ca 3–10 mm. Head smooth, neck tufts slightly raised, ocelli absent,
haustellum well developed and scaled. Antenna from three-fourths length to longer than length
of forewing, scape often with pecten. Labial palpi rather long and porrect, segment three angled
upwards, segment two often shorter than segment two and often rough scaled ventrally, sometimes
with protruding bundle longer than segment; maxillary palpi very short.
Forewing and hindwing lanceolate to very lanceolate, most genera with two to ten tufts of raised
scales, sometimes with tubercular silvery metallic spots. Forewing with 11 veins, Rs3 and Rs4
stalked, M2, M3, CuA1 and CuA2 often from posterior end of cell and sometimes stalked. Hind-
wings with 8–10 veins, Sc + R to beyond middle of wing, rarely ending before middle; M1 and M2
stalked. Tibia of midleg apically with one pair of spurs of unequal length, tibia hindleg medially
and apically with pair of spurs of unequal length and dorsally with comb of long hairs.
Tergites of abdomen without specialized scales or spines; apodemes tergite I strong and anteri-
orly widened, semi-circular to straight, apodemes tergite II long and thin, sometimes longer than
apodemes of tergite I.
Male genitalia. Uncus present, but often weakly developed and hardly noticeable as small
lobe(s); tegumen well-developed, often tapering distally; gnathos as separated pair of arms ending
in spherical process with many with rows of spines or peg-like setae or as bundle of teeth; vincu-
lum narrow to rather broad; saccus from small or even absent to very long and rod-shaped; anellus
lobes pronounced and often distally dentose; juxta lobes present; valvae large and simple, some-
times small and rounded, weakly sclerotized, occasionally with costal lobe; phallus mainly long,
cylindrical and often curved, sometimes short and tapering or distally hooked.
Female genitalia. Apophyses posteriores from almost similar in length to more than ten times
as long as apophyses anteriores; sclerotization of tergite VIII can be of diagnostic importance;
antrum rather small to very wide, sometimes with sclerotization; ductus bursae long and slender;
ductus seminalis attached just anterior of antrum; corpus bursae elongate with a single signum or
without signum.
Biology
Where known, larvae of Parametriotinae are bark- or twig-borers, fruit borers, leaf miners
or gall makers on a variety of woody and herbaceous plants of various families. Larvae of
European species have been found on Eudicot hosts of the following families: Asteraceae,
Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Malvaceae (Koster and Sinev 2003). In other parts of the
world Theaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Proteaceae, Myrtaceae and the conifers Araucariaceae and
Cupressaceae have also been recorded as hostplants (Common 1990; Hodges 1997; Hodges
1998; Landry and Adamski 2004).
Taxonomic history of Elachistidae: Parametriotinae
In the 19th and in most of the 20th century the species, now in Parametriotinae, were placed in
several families. Originally, in most 19th century works, like most Microlepidoptera, they were
simply placed in the Tineidae. After splitting the Tineidae into several smaller groups, sometimes
recognised as families or subfamilies, they were considered either to belong to Cosmopterigidae
(Meyrick 1928; Réal 1966; Bradley 2000) or Momphidae (Spuler and Meess 1910; Benander
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 167
1946; Riedl 1969), family names that were often used for the same groups of genera that share
narrow wings, venational characters and often tufts of raised scales on the forewings.
The name Agonoxena was introduced by Meyrick (1921) while describing Agonoxena argaula
Meyrick, 1921, the coconut at moth. He placed this genus in Coleophoridae, but stated that it
was an aberrant form of doubtful position. Meyrick (1924) described another species of this genus
of coconut feeders, but the third species connected to coconut was described in the new genus
Haemolytis Meyrick, 1926, due to the different venation. Since these genera did not really t in
Coleophoridae or other existing families, Meyrick erected a new family Agonoxenidae (Meyrick
1926) for these coconut feeders. Bradley (1966), in his comparative study of the coconut at moth,
described a fourth species and synonymized Haemolytis with Agonoxena (Agonoxenidae). In his
opinion the family had a closer afnity with Oecophoridae than with Cosmopterigidae.
Kusnezov (1916) described the tiny moth Parametriotes theae Kuznetsov, 1916, the larvae
of which were injurious to tea bush plantations in Transcaucasia, which he likewise placed in
the family Coleophoridae. The generic name Parametriotes Kuznetsov, 1916 was derived from
Metriotes Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 (Coleophoridae) because of its supercial similarity with his
new genus. Fletcher (1929) transferred Parametriotes to the Cosmopterigidae. Much later, Căpuşe
(1971) placed this genus in a new family, the Parametriotidae.
In North America Hodges (1962) in his revision of the Cosmopterigidae of North America no-
ticed that he could divide the species of Momphidae into two groups according to the genitalia. He
provisionally divided these in ‘Mompha and allies’ and ‘Blastodacna and allies’.
Clarke (1962) described a new species in the genus Homoeoprepes Walsingham, 1909, earlier
described in Lavernidae (a synonym of Momphidae) from the Neotropics. He simply used the
family name Blastodacnidae as an established name in the title, but did not provide any reasons for
that, nor a description, and therefore the family name is a nomen nudum and unavailable (Nye and
Fletcher 1991). Nevertheless the name Blastodacnidae was widely used after that, either as family
name or as subfamily name Blastodacninae, but was never made formally available.
Hodges (1978), in his new classication of the Gelechioidea, placed Agonoxenidae in his list
after the Coleophoridae. He divided the family in the subfamilies Agonoxeninae and Blastodacni-
nae. The latter was also divided in the tribus Blastodacnini and Parametriotini. Hodges placed only
the genus Agonoxena (the species feeding on palms, Arecaceae) in the subfamily Agonoxeninae.
He placed 11 genera in the Blastodacninae, tribus Blastodacnini and two genera in the tribus Para-
metriotini: Parametriotes Kuznetsov, 1916 and Aetia Chambers, 1880 (a junior homonym of Aetia
Agassiz, 1847 (Nye and Fletcher 1991)). Both are now considered to be synonyms of Haplochrois
Meyrick, 1897 (Sinev 1999).
Hodges’ concept of Agonoxenidae, including the Blastodacninae, was followed widely for the
next two decades, including major checklists such as those for the Nearctic (Hodges 1983), Ne-
otropics (Becker 1984) and Europe (Riedl 1996), albeit in slightly different arrangements with
related families.
There were two notable exceptions: Minet (1990) was the rst to recognise an enlarged Ela-
chistidae, and regarded Agonoxeninae as a subfamily. This was amongst others followed in the
Austrian checklist (Huemer and Tarmann 1993).
However, in Australia, Common (1990) kept both Agonoxenidae and Blastodacnidae as sepa-
rate families, later repeated in the Australian checklist (Nielsen 1996a; b).
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...168
Up to the end of the 20th century, the classications were still based on classical taxonomic au-
thority, giving diagnostic characters, which may be sometimes termed as apomorphies, but without
modern phylogenetic analyses. This changed when Hodges (1998) published – in the Handbook
of Zoology – a phylogenetic cladistic analysis of the Gelechioidea, in which he recognised a much
enlarged Elachistidae, as Minet did before, and downgraded Agonoxeninae as a subfamily, with
Blastodacninae and Parametriotinae as synonyms. The synonymy of Blastodacninae and Para-
metriotinae was followed in the key work by Koster and Sinev (2003), but using it again as a full
family, Agonoxenidae.
A more extensive cladistic analysis, still based on morphology alone, was published by Kaila
(2004). He also recognised an expansive Elachistidae, comparable to that of Hodges (1998), but
he separated Parametriotinae from the Agonoxeninae, since Agonoxena in his analysis grouped
with Elachistinae s.s. and not with the other parametriotine genera. The mainly Australian genus
Trachydora (erroneously named Trachystola in some places in Kaila’s paper), previously placed in
Cosmopterigidae: Chrysopeleiinae, also grouped with Parametriotinae in his analysis, that further
comprised the genera Blastodacna Wocke, 1876, Spuleria Hofmann, 1898, Heinemannia Wocke,
1876 and Microcolona Meyrick, 1897.
The recent Lepidoptera family classication (van Nieukerken et al. 2011) accepted an expanded
Elachistidae with Agonoxeninae and Parametriotinae as two of the eight subfamilies. Meanwhile,
molecular studies were further changing the landscape of Lepidoptera classication, but the two
pivotal studies until then (Regier et al. 2009; Mutanen et al. 2010) did not yet include any of the
parametriotine or agonoxenine genera.
That changed in the rst molecular phylogeny of Gelechioidea (Kaila et al. 2011), that included
Trachydora Meyrick, 1897, Microcolona, Heinemannia, Blastodacna and Chrysoclista Stainton,
1854, but not Spuleria. These form a clade together with the mainly Australian genus Leptozestis,
earlier considered as Cosmopterigidae: Chrysopeleiinae and the monotypic Australian Coracistis
Meyrick, 1897, moved from the Stathmopodidae. Unfortunately the genus Agonoxena was not an-
alysed, so that the placement of that genus could not be conrmed. This analysis also showed that
such a large Elachistidae probably could not be maintained, as different subgroups ended up in dif-
ferent places in the tree. However, due to low support values, the classication was not yet changed.
In an elegant combined analysis of morphological and molecular characters, Heikkilä et al.
(2014) nally provided a detailed phylogeny of Gelechioidea resulting in an updated classi-
cation. They dismantled the Elachistidae, removing most subfamilies to Depressariidae, and
maintaining a much smaller Elachistidae, with subfamilies Elachistinae, Agonoxeninae and Par-
ametriotinae. They analysed all eight genera that Kaila analysed in his previous papers, and in
their maximum likelihood tree they group in two (relatively) well supported clusters: one most-
ly Australian (bootstrap support 100), with Coracistis, Leptozestis and Trachydora, the other
(bootstrap support 88, 100 without Microcolona) with Microcolona, Heinemannia, Blastodacna,
Chrysoclista and Spuleria. Unfortunately the type-genus Haplochrois (=Parametriotes) has not
yet been analysed.
Whereas these phylogenetic studies only comprise a subset of genera, more detailed taxonom-
ic studies have in recent years added information on the composition of the subfamily, and on
the basis of these works together (Hodges 1997; Becker 1999; Sinev 1999; Landry and Adamski
2004; Sinev 2004) and several other sources we provide a tentative catalogue of 35 genera in this
subfamily (appendix). Lvovsky (1996) erected a separate subfamily Lamprysticinae for the genus
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 169
Lamprystica Meyrick, 1914. On the basis of morphological characters alone, Heikkilä et al. (2014)
could not place this genus in the classication. We tentatively leave this subfamily outside of Par-
ametriotinae.
Gielisella gen. n.
http://zoobank.org/003CB133-A2ED-4CC7-ABDD-ACDDD2C679CA
Type-species. Gielisella clarkeorum, sp. n., by present designation.
Diagnosis. The narrow forewings, the long, slender and curved gnathos arms with a pecten in
the male genitalia, in combination with the wide antrum and the irregular row of spicules in the
ductus bursae in the female genitalia are characteristic for Gielisella. Resembles in Europe species
in the genus Haplochrois in the narrow forewings and hindwings, but can easily be distinguished
by the more colourful forewings with tufts of raised scales and by the male and female genitalia.
The morphology of the male genitalia differs from all other known Parametriotinae genera.
Especially, the gnathos arms are peculiar. In many genera the gnathos arms have distal spheres cov-
ered with rows of spicules. In Chrysoclista, the gnathos arms are strongly sclerotized with distal
teeth. In the new genus, the gnathos arms bear a pecten of at pegs.
Description. Head (Fig. 3). Appressedly scaled, frons slightly convex, vertex smooth, neck tufts
with longer and more protruding scales, antennae about 6/7 length of forewing, ocelli absent. Scape
with pecten. Labial palpus of moderate length, about two and half times of diameter compound eye,
upturned, not reaching top of head, rst segment short, second segment two times length of third,
widening distally by rough ventral scaling, third segment cylindrical. Maxillary palpus small, three
segmented, fold over base of proboscis. Haustellum well-developed, scaled at base.
Thorax. Smoothly scaled, including tegulae. Legs: Tibia foreleg with epiphysis; tibia midleg
with two short apical spurs, inner 1/3 longer than outer; tibia hindleg with two medial spurs, inner
2× length of outer, and two apical spurs, inner slightly longer than outer, dorsally and ventrally with
comb of long hairs, dorsal comb 2× as long.
Wings (Fig. 4). Forewing lanceolate, apex acuminate with two small tufts of raised scales, 12
veins present, cell closed, Sc, R, Rs1–4 to costa, Rs3 and Rs4 stalked, M1–CuA2 to dorsum, CuP
very weak and not reaching dorsum, 1A+2A to dorsum, forked at base. Hindwing lanceolate, apex
acuminate, frenulum single bristle in male, two bristles in female, 7 veins present, Sc+R and Rs to
costa, M1–CuA2 to dorsum, 1A+2A rudimentary, Sc+R strongly curving towards costa in middle.
Abdomen (Fig. 5). Apodemes tergite I semi-circular, hooked at tip; apodemes tergite II long and
thin, apodemes and venulae of sternite II long and narrow in male, in female hardly visible.
Male genitalia (Figs 6–9, 13–20). Uncus short and broad. Gnathos with long and slender arms,
bearing pecten of at pegs or setae. Tegumen large. Valvae long and weakly sclerotized. Anellus
lobes large and apically denticulate. Vinculum broad. Phallus long, curved about 90 degrees, vesica
with row of needle shaped cornuti.
Female genitalia (Figs 11, 21–25). Antrum wide. Ductus bursae long and with irregular row of
spicules in distal half. Corpus bursae with single signum.
Distribution. Currently only known from the two new species, found in a small area of Medi-
terranean Spain, provinces of Almería and Granada.
Etymology. The generic name Gielisella is derived from the family name Gielis, in honour of
Cees Gielis, collector of the rst specimen. The name is to be regarded as feminine.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...170
Gielisella clarkeorum sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/AFBC51FB-25D0-4615-9EA4-598553329430
Figs 1, 3–7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21–29
Type material. Holotype ♂, Spain, Almería, Enix, 36°52’38.49”N 2°36’24.83”W, 5.iii.2015, coll. nr. 580, leg. PJ & VF
Clarke; gen. slide JCK 8361, RMNH.INS.544306 (RMNH).
Paratypes: 1♂, 8♀. Spain, Almería, same locality as holotype, all leg. PJ & VF Clarke: 1♀, 17.iii.2007, coll. nr. 099,
gen. slide Clarke 99 (NHMUK); 1♀, 17.iii.2007, coll. nr. 122, gen. slide Clarke 122 (PGC); 1♂ [moth lost], 17.iii.2008,
coll. nr. 171, gen. slide Clarke 171, RMNH.INS.15524 (RMNH); 1♀ [left wings prepared], 17.iii.2008, coll. nr. 166, gen.
slide Clarke 166, wing slide JCK 8200 (MNCN); 1♀, 17.iii.2008, coll. nr. 173, gen. slide Clarke 173 (PGC); 1♀ [speci-
men not spread], 15.ii.2013, coll. nr. 435, gen. slide JCK 8363, RMNH.INS.544295 (RMNH); 1♀ [specimen not spread],
21.iii.2013, coll. nr. 445, RMNH.INS.544296 (PGC); 1♀ [specimen not spread], 18.iii.2014, coll. nr. 544 (PGC). Spain,
Granada, 1♀, Yator, 22.iv.1978, [leg. C. Gielis]; “Agonoxenidae gen.nov. spec.nov. det J.C.Koster, prep 3850 ♀”, “Museum
Leiden, ex collectie C. Gielis”, “B. hellerella [handwriting Gielis]”, RMNH.INS.15525 (RMNH).
Diagnosis. Gielisella clarkeorum can be separated from G. nigripalpis by the pale tipped palpi,
and the longitudinal dark streaks on the forewings. In the male genitalia it differs by the two groups
of setae on the uncus; by the wide and cylindrical apex of the anellus lobes with a lateral projection
near the apex, the more longitudinal shape of the valvae and by the gradual increasing length of
the cornuti.
Description. Male (Fig. 11). Forewing length 6.7 mm. Head: frons shining white with greyish
brown irroration ventrally, vertex, neck tufts and collar shining white, irrorate greyish brown;
labial palpus rst segment white, second segment white with irrorate greyish brown streak on
outside, extending into subapical ventral spot, third segment white with irregular narrow sub-
basal ring white and greyish brown tipped scales and similar coloured, broad subapical ring;
scape dorsally white, strongly irrorate greyish brown with white anterior line, ventrally grey-
ish white with 8–9 pecten hairs; agellum shining brownish grey, basal six segments whitish.
Thorax and tegulae shining ochreous-white, strongly irrorate greyish brown; thorax with broad
dark greyish brown medial line, tegulae broadly lined white posteriorly. Legs: dorsally shining
dark greyish brown, ventrally white with some greyish irroration; tibia midleg with white basal
and medial streaks and white apical ring, tarsomeres one to four with whitish apical rings; tibia
hindleg dorsally pale ochreous-grey, tarsomeres as midleg; spurs midleg and inner spur hindleg
whitish, outer spurs hindleg dark brown. Forewing ground colour whitish more or less irrorate
by greyish ochreous and greyish brown scales with dark brown and ochreous-yellow streaks
in costal half and in apical area, the dark streaks almost fused; in middle of wing at two-fths,
dark brown elongated spot, at costal side connected to streak, edged white; two dark brow tufts
of raised scales, rst below fold at one-third, second and largest subdorsally at two-thirds, last
spot surrounded by white scales, touching streak costally; white spot at apex connected to dark
brown spot in apical cilia; several small dark brown spots in costal cilia; two dark brown fringe
lines; cilia greyish white. Hindwing shining greyish white; cilia greyish white. Underside: fore-
wing shining brownish grey; hindwing shining greyish white. Abdomen dorsally shining greyish
brown, segment seven shining white banded posteriorly; ventrally shining greyish white; anal
tuft shining white.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 171
Figures 1–2. Gielisella species, habitus, watercolours. 1 (top). G. clarkeorum, female paratype(s); 2 (bottom).
Gielisella nigripalpis, male holotype, abdomen reconstructed.
Female (Figs 1, 28). Forewing length 5.1–6.9 mm. femur foreleg apically with white dorsal
spot. Forewings with streaks and spots clearly separated, not fused, overall paler than male. Anal
tuft ochreous-brown.
Male genitalia (Figs 6, 7, 13, 14, 17, 18). Uncus broad and very short, with 16 setae in two
groups. Gnathos arms long and slender, upwards curved at one-third of base, upper side trans-
versely covered with pecten of 32–33 at peglike setae, about one and half width of gnathos
arm (Fig. 14). Tegumen large, longer than wide, slightly narrowing distally. Valvae long, strongly
narrowing after one-third, distally slightly widening till 3/4 and slightly narrowing apically with
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...172
Figures 3–5. Gielisella clarkeorum, morphological details. 3. Head, frontal view; 4. Basal segments of abdo-
men, genitalia slide Clarke 171; 5. Wing venation with labelled veins, wing slide JCK 8200.
rounded tip, edges and apex weakly spiny. Anellus lobes large, strongly sclerotized, ventral edge
with short spines, strongly tapering distally with distal third more or less cylindrical, apex with
three curved teeth and laterally with irregular projection, both combined with several spicules.
Vinculum broad with heart-shaped saccus and shield-shaped juxta. Phallus (Figs 7, 17, 18) long,
curved ca. 90 degrees, slightly tapering distally, apex pointed, vesica with narrow row of approxi-
mately 15 slender cornuti in distal half, cornuti gradually becoming longer towards tip.
Measurements: Length from vinculum to uncus 460 μm, width 435 μm, valva length 560 μm,
width 200 μm, phallus length (measured in straight line) 765 μm; longest cornutus 110 μm.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 173
Figures 6–9. Gielisella species, male genitalia of holotypes, phallus separately gured. 6, 7. G. clarkeorum,
genitalia slide JCK 8361; 8, 9. G. nigripalpis, genitalia slide JCK8362. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...174
Figure 10. Gielisella clarkeorum, female genitalia, genitalia slide JCK3850. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Female genitalia (Figs 10, 21–25). Papillae anales short and rounded. Apophyses anteriores
1/4 shorter than apophyses posteriores. Antrum wide, bowl-shaped. Ductus bursae long, basal half
lobed, small section below antrum narrow with partly sclerotized wall, followed by cleavage into
ductus bursae and ductus seminalis, distal half of ductus bursae with irregular row of spicules.
Corpus bursae egg-shaped, single signum as rectangular eld of spines of variable size.
Distribution (Fig. 29). Spain, provinces of Almería and Granada. Type locality: 36.8770°N,
2.6036°W. The locality of the specimen from Granada was reconstructed by the collector as either
36.9544°N, 3.1436°W or 36.9528°N, 3.1375°W.
Biology. Host-plants and early stages are unknown. The adults have been collected at light from
the end of January till late April. The specimen from Granada was collected on a dry northern slope
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 175
Figures 11–12. Gielisella species, male holotypes. 11. G. clarkeorum; 12. G. nigripalpis. Scale bars: 5 mm.
of a hill at an elevation of approximately 700 m. The vegetation consisted, among other things,
of small shrubs and herbs belonging to Asteraceae, Cistaceae and Poaceae (Gielis, pers. comm.).
The specimens from Almería were taken in a garden at the edge of a suburban area on the south
facing slope of the Sierra de Gádor at an elevation of 720 m (Figs 26–27). In the garden grow
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...176
Figures 13–16. Gielisella species, male genitalia of holotypes, with gnathos arms enlarged. 13, 14. G. clarke-
orum, genitalia slide JCK 8361; 15, 16. G. nigripalpis, genitalia slide JCK8362. Scale bars: 100 μm (13, 15),
50 μm (14, 16).
amongst others the vines and shrubs Clematis cirrhosa L. (Ranunculaceae), Jasminum ocinale
L. (Oleaceae), Rosa spec. (Rosaceae) and the following trees grow nearby: olive (Olea europaea
L., Oleaceae), apple (Malus pumila Mill., Rosaceae), almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb,
Rosaceae), silver wattle (Acacia dealbata Link, Fabaceae) and at about 50 m from the collecting
site a large eucalypt tree (probably Eucalyptus gomphocephala A.Cunn. ex DC., Myrtaceae), that
was felled in 2015; weeds include Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae) and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter
(Asteraceae). The adjacent orchard area has an undergrowth of Poaceae, Juncaceae and Rubus sp.
(Rosaceae) (Figs 26, 27). According to the collectors, the species started to appear in their garden
after they planted the native Clematis cirrhosa L., and adults seem to hide in it. This observation
requires further study.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 177
Figures 17–20. Gielisella species, phallus of holotypes, with enlarged detail of cornuti. 17, 18. G. clarkeorum;
19, 20. G. nigripalpis. Scale bars: 100 μm.
DNA barcodes. We barcoded three specimens, including the holotype, resulting in three identi-
cal barcodes, with BIN BOLD:ACU7245 (Table 1).
The barcode reads:
aa Ctt tatatt ttatt tttgg aatt tga gC agg aatag tagg aa CatCaCt tagt ttatta attCgag Ctgaatt -
ag ga aC CC Ca gg CtCtt tg attg ga gat ga CC aa att tataata Ctat tg tC aC ag Ct Cat gC tt ttattataat-
tt tt tttatag taataC Ctattataat tggag gatt tg gtaa Ct gatta gtt CC tt taatattag gag CC CC tgatat-
ag Catt CC CtC ga ataaa Ca atataa gt ttCtg aC ttt taC CC CCt tC tattaC tCt tC taatt tC aag tag tattg -
ta ga aa at gg agC tg g aa Ca g gat ga a Cg gtt taCC CC C CC Ct t tC atC ta atattg Ct C atag a gg ta gat -
Ca gtt gattta gCa atCtttt CtC ttC atttag Ctg gaat ttC ttC tatttta gga gCtatta attttatC aCa aCtat-
tattaatataC gtCtaataa atatatC tt ttg atCa aataC Ct ttatt tgt tt ga gCa gt tgg aattaCa gC ttta Ct -
tC tgC ttC ttt Ct ttaC Ctg ttt tagC tgg agCtattaCtatg ttattaa CagatCg taatCta aataCt tCatt tt tt-
gaCCCtgCtggtggaggagaCCCaattCtttatCaaCatttattt
Etymology. The specic epithet clarkeorum, a noun in genitive plural, is a tribute to the collec-
tors of both species, Peter and Ginny Clarke.
Remarks. The forewing of the male holotype is darker than in all females examined, and the
pattern elements are more or less fused. Whether this constitutes sexual dimorphism or simple var-
iation can only be decided after collecting more males. We decided to select the male as holotype,
since the male genitalia provide the best characters, and only males are known of the next species
G. nigripalpis.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...178
Figures 21–25. Gielisella clarkeorum, female genitalia, genitalia slides JCK8363 (21, 22, 24) and JCK3850
(23, 25). 21. Terminal segments with apophyses, antrum, ductus bursae and ductus seminalis; 22. Ductus and
corpus bursae; 23. Distal half of ductus bursae with spicules. 24, 25. Variability of signum. Scale bars: 200
μm (21, 22), 100 μm (23), 50μm (24, 25).
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 179
Figures 26–27. Type locality of both Gielisella species, Enix (Spain, Almería). 26 (top). Garden of the neigh-
bours, next to the collection site, and surrounding mountains; 27 (bottom). Olive and almond orchards on the
other side of the road, facing the collecting site. Photos by Marieta Sanjuan Martinez.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...180
Gielisella nigripalpis sp. n.
http://zoobank.org/9F713A78-DF7A-4021-986F-5A6BCCE6CCDD
Figs 2, 8,9, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 26, 27, 29
Type material. Holotype ♂, Spain, Almería, Enix, 36°52’38.49”N 2°36’24.83”W, 7.iii.2015, coll. nr. 587; gen. slide JCK
8362, RMNH.INS.544307 (RMNH). Paratype 1♂, same locality as holotype, 30.i.2013, coll. nr. 431 (PGC) [abdomen lost
during dissection].
Diagnosis. Gielisella nigripalpis differs from G. clarkeorum by the blackish brown tipped pal-
pi, and the absence of the dark brown longitudinal streaks on the forewings. In the male genitalia it
differs by the proportionally placed setae on the uncus; by apically narrowing anellus lobes without
lateral projection; the spoon-shaped valvae and by the two very long cornuti at the distal end of
the row cornuti.
Description. Male (Figs 2, 12). Forewing length 5.2–5.9 mm. Head: frons shining pale grey
with greenish and reddish reections and with greyish brown irroration laterally, vertex and
neck tufts shining white, in middle strongly irrorate dark brownish grey, collar shining white,
irrorate greyish brown; labial palpus rst segment short, white, second segment white, strongly
irrorate greyish brown dorsally and laterally on outside, apex white, third segment white with
broad, brown basal and blackish brown apical ring, extreme tip white; scape dorsally and ven-
trally shining brownish grey, pecten with 8–9 hairs; agellum shining pale ochreous-grey. Tho-
rax shining white, strongly irrorate dark brownish grey in middle and laterally in anterior half.
Tegulae shining dark brownish grey, laterally and ventrally lined white. Legs: dorsally shining
dark greyish brown, ventrally white with some greyish irroration; tarsomeres one and two of
foreleg with white apical rings; tibia midleg with white basal and medial streaks and white apical
ring, tarsomeres one to four with whitish apical rings; tibia hindleg dorsally pale ochreous-grey,
Figure 28. Gielisella clarkeorum, live female, collected on 18.iii.2014, Coll. nr 544. Photo by Peter & Ginny
Clarke.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 181
Figure 29. Gielisella: map of localities. Circles: G. clarkeorum, triangle: G, nigripalpis.
tarsomeres as midleg; spurs midleg and inner spur hindleg whitish, outer spurs hindleg dark
brown. Forewing ground colour shining whitish with more or less irrorate by greyish ochreous
and greyish brown scales and ochreous streaks; two blackish brown dots with raised scales and
three blackish brown streaks, rst spot below fold at one-fourth, second spot, larger than rst,
above fold at two-third, rst streak narrow, above dorsum near base, second streak just above
middle at one third, third streak at apex; several small dark brown spots in costal cilia; two small
dark brown fringe lines; cilia pale ochreous-grey and with dark brown streak at apex. Hindwing
shining greyish white with some greenish and reddish gloss; pale ochreous-grey. Underside:
forewing shining brownish grey, ochreous-grey in distal half; hindwing shining greyish white.
Abdomen not examined.
Male genitalia (Figs 8, 9, 14, 15, 19, 20). Uncus as two broad, short and rounded lobes with
16 setae proportional placed across the width. Gnathos arms (Fig. 16) long and slender, upwards
bent at one-third of base, upper side transversely covered with pecten of 36 at peglike setae,
about one and half width of gnathos arm. Tegumen large, longer than wide, slightly narrowing
distally. Valvae long, strongly narrowing after one-third, distally slightly widening till spoon-
shaped apex, edges and apex weakly spined. Anellus lobes large, strongly sclerotized, ventral
edge with short spines, strongly tapering distally, apex with three curved teeth, laterally with
small triangular tooth. Vinculum broad with heart-shaped saccus and shield-shaped juxta. Phallus
(Figs 9, 19, 20) long, curved less than 90 degrees, slightly tapering distally, apex pointed, vesica
with narrow row of approximately 13 slender cornuti in distal half of last two cornuti are as long
and longer than previous row.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...182
Measurements: Length from vinculum to uncus 590 μm, valva length 525 μm, phallus length
(measured in straight line) 655 μm; longest cornutus 125 μm.
Distribution (Fig. 29). Spain, province Almería.
Biology. Host-plants and early stages are unknown. The specimens were collected at light in the
same locality as G. clarkeorum, suggesting a similar life history (Figs 26–27). They were found in
January and March.
DNA barcodes. We barcoded the holotype, with BIN BOLD:ACY4816, at a distance of 7.2%
to G. clarkeorum (Table 1).
The barcode reads:
a a C t t tata t t t tat t t t t g g a at t t g a g C a g g a at a g ta g g ta C at C t C t t a g t t tat ta a t t C g a g C t -
g a a C ta g g a a C C C C C g g at C t t t a at t g g t g at g a t C a a at t ta ta at a C ta t t g t ta C a g C t C a C g C t -
tt tat tataat t tt tt tt atag ttataC Ctat tata att gg a gg att tg g aa att gat ta gt tC C tt taatatta g-
ga gC CC Ca gatata gC tt tC CC CC ga ataa ataatataa gt tt tt gat tatta CC tC Ct tC tC tta CC Ct tt taat -
tt Caa gta gtattg tag aaa atgg agC tg gga Ca ggat gaa Cggtt taCC CC CCC Ct ttC atCta atatC gCtCat-
ag ag gtag atCa gtag atttag Ca atttt tt CC Ct tC att tag Ct gg aat tt Ct tC aat tt tag ga gC tatta at-
tt tattaCaaC tattattaatataCg attaataaatatatC ttt tgatC aaataCC CCtatt tgt ttg agC agt tgg gat-
Ca Cag Ct Ctt Ct tCt tC ttC tttCC ttaC Ct gtt ttag Ct gga gC tattaCtatattattaa Ca gatCg taatt taaa -
taCCtCattttttgatCCtgCtggtggaggagaCCCtattttataCCaaCatttattt
Etymology. The epitheton nigripalpis is the dative plural of the noun nigripalpus, meaning
“with black palpi”, referring to the black palpal tip.
Discussion
Justication of the description of a new genus
The new species cannot condentially be placed in any of the European genera of Parametri-
otinae. A phylogeny for the family is lacking and for many tropical species the genitalia have
never been illustrated. Amongst the other 34 genera listed below we see resemblances, but none
sufcient to incorporate these two species. In the narrow shape and features of the forewings
the new genus resembles the Neotropical genus Nanodacna Clarke, 1964, especially Nanodacna
austrocedrella Landry & Adamski, 2004 (Landry and Adamski 2004). However, it differs in the
third segment of the labial palpus, that is one-half of the length of the second segment, whereas
in Nanodacna it equals the second segment. In the venation of the forewing it further differs by
the wide curve of 1A+2A towards dorsum, in the venation of the hindwing by the in the distal
half strongly curved Sc+R1 and the stalked M1 and M2 to Rs. In the male genitalia it differs by
the simple valvae, the presence of anellus lobes and by the peculiar shape of the gnathos arms. In
the female genitalia it differs by the wide antrum, different ductus bursae and the single signum.
This combination of characteristics does not occur at any other genus in the Parametriotinae.
The Neotropical genus Homoeprepes Clarke, 1962 shows some similarity in the male genitalia
with Gielisella, but the gnathos arms do not have a single pecten, but are covered with numerous
spines (Clarke 1962). The Australian genus Orthromicta Meyrick, 1897 resembles Gielisella
externally.
Considering the very rich Parametriotine fauna of Australia, and the fact that several Australian
trees are frequently planted in Spain (eucalypts, wattles), also close to the type locality, made us
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 183
consider the possibility of an introduction of an Australian insect. Checking the DNA barcodes
of both species in the BOLD database (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) did not give any close
match, even though a majority of the Lepidoptera species (named and unnamed) present in ANIC
have been barcoded (Hebert et al. 2013). In fact, in the total BOLD database, although the two
species group together, Gielisella barcodes group otherwise with many totally unrelated moths,
belonging to several completely different superfamilies, but not with Elachistidae. A quick search
in BOLD shows that barcodes are available for 399 specimens of Parametriotinae, representing 99
BIN’s (Barcode Identication Number), which represent probably a lower number of species. The
majority of these are Australian, particularly belonging to the genera Leptozestis, Trachydora and
Microcolona. Several of these are known to feed on Eucalyptus. Ted Edwards (ANIC, Canberra)
kindly compared photos of our species to the multitude of species in their collection, according
to him the “most neglected part” of the collection, but he did not see any match. Genitalia slides
of these species are rare, since they have not been revised since their original descriptions. Also
David Lees (NHMUK) kindly compared photographs to several Meyrick types in London. Again,
nothing matched. Lauri Kaila (Helsinki), who spent some time in Australia, studying Gelechioidea,
suggested that such moths as Gielisella (considering both appearance and genitalia) do not occur
in Australia as far as is known. He dissected quite a few species of Leptozestis or Trachydora
and Microcolona, and has not seen genitalia similar to our species. According to him, practically
all Australian parametriotines have somewhat curved hindwings (costal margin concave). Kaila
considers Gielisella to be closest to Blastodacna. However, we cannot reconcile the characters
of our new species with the current concept of the genus Blastodacna, also considering the fact
that there are no close DNA barcodes, consider placement in that genus unsatisfactory. Awaiting a
more detailed future analysis, we therefore decided to erect a new genus for these two species. For
the time we consider the hypothesis that Gielisella constitutes a native Palaearctic element as the
best working hypothesis. However, it is still possible that we are dealing with imported species,
although the import of two congeneric species in the same locality sounds less likely, unless they
were transported together with their hostplant.
0.02
Chrysoclista linneella|jflandry0453|Canada.Ontario|BOLD:AAD0241
Spuleria flavicaput|MM19524|Denmark.Sjaelland|BOLD:AAJ3502
Gielisella clarkeorum|RMNH.INS.544296|Spain.Almeria|BOLD:ACU7245
Gielisella clarkeorum|RMNH.INS.544295|Spain.Almeria|BOLD:ACU7245
Gielisella clarkeorum|RMNH.INS.544306|Spain.Almeria|BOLD:ACU7245
Trachydora macrostola|MM11233|Australia.Tasmania|BOLD:AAN0380
Spuleria flavicaput|MM17389|Sweden|BOLD:AAJ3502
Gielisella nigripalpis|RMNH.INS.544307|Spain.Almeria|BOLD:ACY4816
Blastodacna hellerella|MM19523|Denmark.Sjaelland|BOLD:AAF0377
Leptozess peroneta|MM07584|Australia|BOLD:AAX5784
Haplochrois ochraceella|TLMF Lep 02228|Italy.South Tyrol|BOLD:AAP6539
Haplochrois ochraceella|TLMF Lep 02229|Italy.South Tyrol|BOLD:AAP6539
Figure 30. Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of Gielisella and selected other Parametriotinae, with
BOLD Sample ID, country and province and Barcode Identication Numbers.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...184
We strongly urge that diverse groups with important life histories, such as these Australian
Parametriotinae that may damage Eucalyptus trees, should receive a proper taxonomic treatment,
so that species can be identied, whether in their natural habitat or as imported species in other
parts of the world. Unfortunately the decline of taxonomists has led to a reduction of taxonomic
revisions.
Acknowledgements
We like to express our appreciation to Cees Gielis (Lexmond, The Netherlands) for his co-operation and to Pete and Ginny
Clarke (Glasbury on Wye, United Kingdom/Enix, Spain) for the loan and donation of material from Almería. We also thank
Martin Corley (Faringdon, United Kingdom) who brought the material of the Clarke collection under our attention. Camiel
Doorenweerd (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands) is acknowledged for analysing the DNA barcodes.
Ted Edwards (ANIC), David Lees (NHMUK), Lauri Kaila (Helsinki, Finland) are acknowledged for checking illustrations
of our species against their material and discussing the potential placement. We are grateful to Sergey Sinev (St. Petersburg,
Russia), who by arranging the RMNH collection back in the 90’s provided a lot of unpublished information on the taxon-
omy of this group. We thank Robert Hoare (Auckland, New Zealand) for information on Vanicela and potential relatives.
Our sincere thanks also go to John Langmaid for linguistic corrections of an earlier version of the manuscript. Marieta
Sanjuan Martinez is acknowledged for the photographs of the collecting site in Almería.
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APPENDIX
Generic catalogue of Parametriotinae
All genera we believe belong to Parametriotinae are listed in alphabetic order. The total number
of described species and the number per biogeographic region are given between square brackets
after the generic name. In all we count 245 named species in 35 genera, with the largest represen-
tation in Australia and New Guinea with 108 species, followed by 44 Palaearctic, 41 Neotropical,
27 Oriental, 18 African, 6 Nearctic and 1 Pacic species.
On a second line we provide respectively the type species, original family assignments and later
placements. Synonyms are indented.
In order to show some of the diversity we publish here a few water colours and drawings of Eastern
Asian and African species, prepared by the senior author, that had not been published before (Figs 31–44).
Family Elachistidae Bruand, 1850: 50.
Subfamily Parametriotinae Căpuse, 1971: 55.
Type genus Parametriotes Kusnezov, 1916: 628, a junior synonym of Haplochrois Mey-
rick, 1897: 310.
Blastodacninae Clarke, 1962: 125. [unavailable]
Type genus Blastodacna Wocke, 1876: 428
Sinitineidae Yang, 1977: 261.
Type genus Sinitinea Yang, 1977: 262. Synonymized by Park (1986)
Agalmoscelis Diakonoff, 1955: 4. [3, Australian: New Guinea]
Type species Agalmoscelis resplendens Diakonoff, 1955, by original designation. Described in
Heliodinidae. According to Sinev (unpublished) belonging to Elachistidae-Parametriotinae.
Araucarivora Hodges, 1997: 267. [1, Neotropic]
Type species Araucarivora gentilii Hodges, 1997, by original designation. Described in Elachisti-
dae-Agonoxeninae.
Auxotricha Meyrick, 1931: 189. [1, Neotropic]
Type species Auxotricha ochrogypsa Meyrick, 1931, by monotypy. Described in Oecophoridae.
Placed in Elachistidae-Agonoxeninae-Parametriotini by Hodges (1997).
Blastodacna Wocke in Heinemann & Wocke, [1876] 1877: 428. [14: Palaearctic 11, Nearctic 2 +
2 Palaearctic, Oriental 1]
Type species Alucita hellerella Duponchel, 1838, by subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1928.
Described in Lavernidae (syn. of Momphidae). Placed in Cosmopterigidae by Fletcher (1929).
Transferred to Blastodacnidae by Clarke (1964).
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...188
Sinitinea Yang, 1977: 262, synonymized by Park (1986).
Type species Sinitinea pyrigalla Yang, 1977, by original designation, described in new family
Sinitineidae Yang, 1977, synonymized by Park (1986).
Chrysoclista Stainton, 1854: 225. [14: Palaearctic 7, Nearctic 3 + 1 Palaearctic, Oriental 2, African 1,
Australian 1]
Type species Phalaena linneella Clerck,1759, by subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1928. De-
scribed in Elachistidae. Placed in Cosmopterigidae by Fletcher (1929). Transferred to Blastodacni-
dae by Leraut (1980).
Glyphipteryx Curtis, 1827: 152, an unjustied emendation of Glyphipterix Hübner, [1825]:
421 (Family Glyphipterigidae).
Type species Phalaena linneella Clerck,1759, by original designation. Described in Tineidae.
Rejected by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1986).
Circoxena Meyrick, 1916b: 418. [1, Australian]
Type species Circoxena ditrocha Meyrick, 1916b, by monotypy. Described in Plutellidae. Placed
in Agonoxenidae by Sinev (2002).
Cladobrostis Meyrick, 1921: 409. [1, Oriental]
Type species Cladobrostis melitricha Meyrick, 1921, by monotypy. Described in Agonoxenidae.
Placed in Elachistidae-Agonoxenidae-Blastodacninae by Hodges (1978).
Colonophora Meyrick, 1914a: 280. [2, African]
Type species Colonophora cateiata Meyrick, 1914a, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Placed in Blastodacnidae by Clarke (1965).
Coracistis Meyrick, 1897: 370. [1, Australian]
Type species Coracistis erythrocosma Meyrick, 1897, by monotypy. Described in Elachistidae.
Placed in Heliodinidae by Meyrick (1914d). Placed in Elachistidae-Parametriotinae by Heikkilä
et al. (2014).
Desertidacna Sinev, 1988: 17. [1, Palaearctic]
Type species Desertidacna repetekiella Sinev, 1988, by original designation. Described in Momphi-
dae s.l. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Riedl (1994).
Dromiaulis Meyrick, 1922: 574. [1, Neotropic]
Type species Dromiaulis excitata Meyrick, 1922, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Placed in Agonoxenidae by Sinev (2002).
Dystebenna Spuler in Spuler & Meess, 1910: 386. [1, Palaearctic]
Type species Elachista stephensi Stainton, 1849, by monotypy. Described in Elachistidae. Placed
in Blastodacnidae by Leraut (1980).
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 189
Gielisella Koster & van Nieukerken, 2017: 169. [2, Palaearctic] gen. n.
Type species Gielisella clarkeorum Koster & van Nieukerken, 2017, by original designation. De-
scribed in Elachistidae, Parametriotinae.
Glaucacna Forbes, 1931: 369. [1, Neotropics]
Type species Glaucacna iridea Forbes, 1931, by monotypy. Described in Gelechiinae. Transferred
to Elachistidae-Agonoxeninae-Parametriotini by Hodges (1997).
Gnamptonoma Meyrick, 1917: 65. [1, Neotropics]
Type species Gnamptonoma leptura Meyrick, 1917, by monotypy. Described in Heliodinidae.
Transferred to Agonoxeninae by Becker (1999) on the basis of the external similarity of Hap-
lochrois. Status uncertain.
Haplochrois Meyrick, 1897: 299. [30: Palaearctic 11, Nearctic 1, Neotropic 13, Oriental 2, African
2, Australian 5]
Type species Haplochrois chlorometalella Meyrick, 1897 by original designation. Described in Ela-
chistidae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Sinev (1999). Senior synonym of type genus Parametriotes.
Aetia Chambers, 1880: 186, a junior homonym of Aetia Agassiz, 1847: 27 [Bryozoa].
Type species Aetia bipunctella Chambers, 1880, by monotypy. Described in Tineina. Syn-
onymized by Sinev (1999) [no objective replacement name known].
Rhadinastis Meyrick, 1897:299.
Type species Rhadinastis microlychna Meyrick, 1897, by original designation. Described in
Elachistidae. Synonymized by Sinev (1999)
Tetanocentria Rebel, 1902: 107.
Type species Tetanocentria gelechiella Rebel, 1902, by monotypy. Described in Elachistidae.
Synonymized by Sinev (1999)
Platybathra Meyrick, 1911: 78.
Type species Platybathra ganota Meyrick, 1911, by monotypy. Described in Plutellidae. Syn-
onymized by Sinev (1999)
Parametriotes Kusnezov, 1916:628.
Type species Parametriotes theae Kusnesov, 1916, by original designation. Described in
Tineidae. Synonymized by Sinev (1999)
Syntetrernis Meyrick, 1922:574.
Type species Syntetrernis xiphodes, Meyrick 1922, by original designation. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae. Synonymized by Sinev (1999)
Chaetocampa Busck in Bottimer, 1926: 804. Type species Chaetocampa crotonella Bottimer,
1926, by original designation. Described in Cosmopterigidae. Synonymized with Aetia by
Hodges, 1962.
Panclintis Meyrick, 1929: 511.
Type species Panclintus socia Meyrick, 1929, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Synonymized by Sinev (1999)
Prochola auct. [partim, misapplied, not the type species, see below]. See Hodges (1997).
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...190
Heinemannia Wocke in Heinemann & Wocke, [1876] 1877:428. [3, Palaearctic]
Type species Tinea laspeyrella Hübner, 1796, by subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1929. De-
scribed in Lavernidae. Placed in Cosmopterigidae by Fletcher (1929). Transferred to Agonoxeni-
dae-Blastodacninae by Hodges (1978).
Tebenna Hübner, 1825: 414, a junior homonym of Tebenna Billberg, 1820: 90.
Type species Tinea festivella Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, by subsequent designation by
Fletcher, 1929. Synonymized by Leraut (1980).
Helcanthica Meyrick, 1932: 315. [1, Neotropics]
Type species Helcanthica spermotoca Meyrick, 1932, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigi-
dae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Becker (1984b).
Homoeoprepes Walsingham, 1909: 10. [3, Neotropic]
Type species Homoeoprepes trochiloides Walsingham, 1909, by original designation. Described
in Lavernidae. Placed in Blastodacnidae by Clarke (1962). Placed in Agonoxenidae by Becker
(1984b).
Ischnopsis Walsingham, 1881: 236. [4, African]
Type species Ischnopsis angustella Walsingham, 1881, by monotypy. Described in Tineidae.
Transferred to Agonoxenidae by Sinev (2004).
Iriothyrsa Meyrick, 1908: 736.
Type species Iriothyrsa melanogma Meyrick, 1908, by monotypy. Described in Plutellidae.
Synonymized by Sinev (2004).
Amblyxena Meyrick, 1914c: 207.
Type species Amblyxena enopias Meyrick, 1914c, by monotypy. Described in Coleophoridae.
Synonymized by Sinev (2004).
Leptozestis Meyrick, 1924: 91. [34: Neotropic 1, Oriental 2, Australian 31]
Type species Syntomactis parascia Meyrick, 1897, by original designation. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae. Placed in Elachistidae-Parametriotinae by Kaila et al. (2011).
Pogonias Lower, 1893 a junior homonym of Pogonias Lacépède, 1802.
Type species Pogonias euryplaca Lower, 1893, by monotypy. Synonymized by Meyrick (1897).
Meyrick (1924) proposed Leptozestis for the Australian species previously placed in Syntomactis
Meyrick, 1889: 173. Syntomactis was established for Gelechia deamatella Walker, 1864 from New
Zealand and placed in Elachistidae (Meyrick, 1889). Meyrick (1924) came to the conclusion that this
species belongs to Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer 1853: 47. (Cosmopterigidae), thus synonymizing the
two genera. For the Australian species in Syntomactis he erected Leptozestis with L. parascia (Meyrick,
1897) as type species. In the BOLD database many unnamed species are listed as Leptozestis spec.
Licmocera Walsingham, 1891: 128. [1, African]
Type species Licmocera lyonetiella Walsingham, 1891, by original description. Described in Tinei-
dae. Placed in Heliodinidae by Meyrick (1913c). Transferred to Schreckensteiniidae by Fletcher
(1929). Transferred to the Momphidae-Blastodacna-complex by Kasy (1976). Status uncertain.
Probably belonging to Roeslerstammiidae (Hoare, pers. comm.).
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 191
Microcolona Meyrick, 1897: 370. [33: Palaearctic 1, Neotropic 1, Oriental 12, African 2, Australian
16, Pacic 1] Figs 31, 34–38.
Type species Microcolona characta Meyrick, 1897, by original designation. Described in Elachistidae.
Placed in Momphidae-Blastodacninae by Sinev (1988). Transferred to Agonoxenidae by Riedl (1994).
Aganoptila Meyrick, 1915: 333.
Type species Aganoptila phanarcha Meyrick, 1915, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Synonymized by Sinev (2002).
Griphocosma Fletcher, 1929: 101.
Type species Microcolona citroplecta Meyrick, 1917, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
The authorship of Griphocosma was attributed to “Meyrick MS.” by Fletcher (1929).
Nanodacna Clarke, 1964: 125. [5, Neotropics]
Type species Nanodacna ancora Clarke, 1964, by original designation.
Described in Blastodacnidae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Nye & Fletcher (1991). Transferred to
Elachistidae-Agonoxeninae-Parametriotini by Hodges (1997).
Nasamonica Meyrick, 1922: 555. [1, African] Figs 33, 39–40
Type species Nasamonica oxymorpha Meyrick, 1922, by monotypy. Described in Coleophoridae.
Placed in Momphidae by Baldizzone (1979), but Kasy (in Baldizzone 1979), after studying the
genitalia, placed it in Momphidae-Blastodacninae. [the illustrated species is undescribed]
Orthromicta Meyrick, 1897: 401. [3, Australian]
Type species Orthromicta galactitis Meyrick, 1897, by monotypy. Described in Elachistidae.
Placed in Cosmopterigidae-Chrysopeleiinae by Nielsen (1996). Transferred to Agonoxenidae by
Sinev (2002).
Pammeces Zeller, 1863: 152. [5, Neotropic]
Type species Pammeces albivitella Zeller, 1863, by monotypy.
Described in Elachistidae. Placed in Elachistidae-Agonoxeninae-Parametriotini by Hodges (1997).
Hodges (1997) mentioned ve species of this genus, but did not check the material. Becker
(1999) added an additional species, but the drawing of the male genitalia does not resemble those of
Parametriotinae. This species does not match the extensive description of the genus by Zeller (1863).
The forewings are not sharply pointed and the antennae are too short. It is therefore not included here.
Psammeces Walker, 1866: 1843. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pammeces Zeller, 1863.
Patanotis Meyrick, 1913b: 80. [2, Oriental]
Type species Patanotis harmosta Meyrick, 1913b, by original designation. Described in Heliodin-
idae. Placed in the Momphidae-Blastodacna-complex by Kasy (1976). Status uncertain. Probably
belonging to Roeslerstammiidae (Hoare, pers. comm.).
Pauroptila Meyrick, 1913a: 309. [1, African]
Type species Pauroptila galenitis Meyrick, 1913a, by monotypy. Described in Momphidae. Mey-
rick (1913a) mentioned in his description of the genus that it is related to Microcolona. Later authors
(Janse 1917, Vári et al. 2002) placed the genus in Cosmopterigidae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...192
Figures 31–33. Examples of adult Elachistidae-Parametriotinae species. 31 (top). Microcolona aurantiel-
la Sinev, 1988, paratype male, Russia, Primorsky Kray, Khasan district, 3 km SE Andreevka, 21.vii–16.
viii.1985, Sinev (ZIAN); forewing length 5.2 mm; 32 (middle). Trachydora ussuriella Sinev, 1981, paratype
male, Russia, Primorsky Kray [Ussurian region], Spaskiy District, Yakovlevka, 13.vii–10.viii.1926, Dyakon-
ov & Fi1ipyev (ZIAN); forewing length 5.8 mm; 33 (bottom). Undescribed South African species of Nasa-
monica, male, Republic of South Africa], Sarnia, xi.[19]13, leg. Mrs. Gurry, coll. Janse (TMSA), forewing
length 9.2 mm. Figs 31 and 32 at same scale.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 193
Figures 34–38. Microcolona aurantiella. Male and female genitalia, genitalia in vials, data as Fig. 31. 34. Valvae,
vinculum and saccus; 35. Tegumen, uncus and gnathos arms; 36. Phallus; 37. Male genitalia in situ, same as Figs
34–36; 38. Female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...194
Figures 39–40. Undescribed species of Nasamonica, male genitalia, genitalia slide Wf 5765, data as Fig. 33.
39. Lateral view, phallus in situ; 40. Ventral view, phallus ex situ. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Sinev (2002). A second species, P. skikoraella Viette, 1958 from Madagascar does not belong to
Elachistidae-Parametriotinae judging from the genitalia drawings.
Phalaritica Meyrick, 1913b: 82. [1, Oriental]
Type species Phalaritica vindex Meyrick, 1913b, by monotypy. Described in Heliodinidae. Placed
in the Momphidae-Blastodacna-complex by Kasy (1976). Status uncertain. Probably belonging to
Roeslerstammiidae (Hoare, pers. comm.).
Phepsalostoma Meyrick, 1936: 626. [1, Oriental]
An objective replacement name for Asterostoma Meyrick, 1935b. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Placed in Agonoxenidae by Sinev (2002).
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 195
Asterostoma Meyrick, 1935b: 607, a junior homonym of Asterostoma Agassiz in Agassiz &
Desor 1847.
Type species Asterostoma electracma Meyrick, 1935b, by monotypy. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae.
Spuleria Hofmann, 1898: 230. [3, Palaearctic]
Type species Tinea aurifrontella Geyer in Hübner, [1832], by monotypy. Described in Tineidae.
Placed in Elachistidae by Stainton (1854). Placed in Cosmopterigidae by Fletcher (1929). Trans-
ferred to Agonoxenidae-Blastodacninae by Hodges (1978).
Tocasta Busck, 1912: 4. [3, Neotropic]
Type species Tocasta priscella Busck, 1912, by original designation. Described in Coleophoridae.
Placed in Tineidae by Fletcher (1929). Placed in Coleophoridae by Becker (1984b). Transferred to
Elachistidae-Agonoxeninae by Baldizzone (1989).
Amblytenes Meyrick, 1930: 229.
Type species Amblytenes lunatica Meyrick, 1930, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigi-
dae. Placed in Coleophoridae-Batrachedrinae by Becker (1984b). Transferred to Agonoxeni-
dae-Parametriotini and synonymized by Hodges (1997).
Diacholotis Meyrick, 1937: 79.
Type species Diacholotis iopyrrha Meyrick, 1937, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigi-
dae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Becker (1984b). Synonymized by Becker (1999).
The genus belongs to Parametriotinae according also to Hodges (1997) and Becker (1999).
Becker (1999) resurrected Amblytenes Meyrick, 1930 as a good genus on the basis of differences
in the male genitalia. In our opinion these differences are insufcient to support separate genera
and we follow Hodges’ synonymy.
Trachydora Meyrick, 1897: 390. [50: Australian 42, Palaearctic 4, Oriental 1, African 3] Figs 32, 41–44
Type species Trachydora illustris Meyrick, 1897, by original designation. Described in Elachistidae.
Placed in Momphidae-Blastodacninae by Sinev (1982). Transferred to Cosmopterigidae-Chrysope-
leiinae by Nielsen (1996). Placed in Elachistidae-Parametriotinae by Kaila et al. (2011).
Anataractis Meyrick, 1916a: 565.
Type species Anatarctis plumigera Meyrick, 1916a, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Synonymized by Fletcher (1929).
Balionebris Meyrick, 1935a: 573.
Type species Balionebris bacteriota Meyrick, 1935a, by monotypy. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae. Synonymized by Sinev (2002)
Sindicola Amsel, 1968: 22.
Type species Sindicola squamella Amsel, 1968, by original designation. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae. Synonymized by Kasy (1969).
Meyrick described this genus from Australia with 22 species. An additional 20 species were
added by later authors. The genus shows external similarity with Leptozestis; detailed taxonomic
revisions are required to establish whether these two genera are separate or not.
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...196
Figures 41–44. Trachydora ussuriella. Male and female genitalia, genitalia in vials, phallus ex situ, data as Fig.
32. 41. Lateral view; 42. Ventral view; 43. Phallus in ventral view; 44. Female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Nota Lepi. 40(2): 163–202 197
Zaratha Walker, 1864: 789. [13: Neotropic 4, Oriental 2, African 1, Australian 5]
Type species Zaratha pterodactylella Walker, 1864, by monotypy. Described in Lepidoptera-Het-
erocera. Placed in Agonoxenidae-Blastodacninae by Becker (1984a).
The genus has been described from Mexico. Becker (1984a) gives illustrations of the male gen-
italia of two species which clearly belong to Parametriotinae. Specimens identied as belonging
to Zaratha from outside the New World have to be checked to see whether they actually belong to
this genus.
Genera excluded from Parametriotinae
Lamprystica Meyrick, 1914b: 58.
Type species Lamprystica purpurata Meyrick, 1914b, by monotypy. Described in Glyphipterigi-
dae. Placed in Oecophoridae (Stathmopodini) by Heppner (1981); in Oecophoridae (Depressari-
inae) by Kameda, 1988. The tribus Stathmopodini and the subfamily Depressariinae were later
raised to separate families (Minet, 1986; Sinev, 1992). Placed as separate subfamily in Agonox-
enidae by Lvovsky (1996). Here excluded from Elachistidae-Parametriotinae, either belonging to
Oecophoridae or Depressariidae.
Nicanthes Meyrick, 1928: 395.
Type species Nicanthes rhodoclea Meyrick, 1928, by monotypy. Described in Cosmopterigidae.
Placed in Agonoxenidae by Becker (1984b). Hodges (1997) checked the genitalia of the female
and suggested that it belongs in Gelechioidea (possibly Gelechiinae), but not Agonoxenidae.
Prochola Meyrick, 1915: 331.
Type species Prochola oppidana Meyrick, 1915, by original designation. Described in Cos-
mopterigidae. Placed in Agonoxenidae by Becker (1984b). Placed in Cosmopterigidae-Chrysope-
leiinae by Hodges (1997).
The genus had already been removed from Parametriotinae by Hodges (1997), who recombined
nine species with Periploca Braun, 1919: 261 (Cosmopterigidae-Chrysopeleiinae) and four spe-
cies with Tetanocentria Rebel, 1902: 107 (a junior synonym of Haplochrois Meyrick, 1897: 299)
in Agonoxeninae –Parametriotini, overlooking the fact that Sinev (1979) already recombined the
same species with Tetanocentria.
Only two species were left in Prochola by Hodges (1997), but he wrote “misplaced” after one,
so that only the type species remains.
Vanicela Walker, 1864: 1039. [Australian 2]
Type species Vanicela disjunctella Walker, 1864, by monotypy. Described in Lepidoptera-Het-
erocera. Placed in Schreckensteiniidae by Fletcher (1929). Transferred to the Momphi-
dae-Blastodacna-complex by Kasy (1976). Transferred to the Roeslerstammiidae by Dugdale
(1988). The position in Roeslerstammiidae was conrmed by molecular studies by Heikkilä
et al. (2015).
Koster & NieuKerKeN: Gielisella gen. n., a new genus and two new species...198
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