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Effect of Na2S treatment on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode material

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Yanxiu Li
Yanxiu Li
Yanxiu Li
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Shaomin Li at University of Guadalajara
Shaomin Li
Benhe Zhong
Benhe Zhong
Benhe Zhong
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Xiao-Dong Guo at Sichuan University
Xiao-Dong Guo
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Abstract and Figures

The electrochemical performances of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode material are enhanced through hydrothermal approach using Na2S solution as a medium. Furthermore, the influence of contents of Na2S solution on the morphology, structure, and electrochemical performances is fully investigated. The results indicate that a high content of Na2S solution results in the formation of spinel particles which are detected by SEM, XRD, and HR-TEM measurements. The formation of spinel particles leads to a deterioration of electrochemical performances. However, a low content of Na2S solution results in a slight structure change from layered phase to spinel one near the edge of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 particles. This slight structure change facilitates the decrease of charge transfer resistance, which contributes to the enhanced rate capability of Na2S-treated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2.
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Na
2
S treatment on the structural and electrochemical
properties of Li
1.2
Mn
0.54
Ni
0.13
Co
0.13
O
2
cathode material
Ya n x i u L i
1,2
&Shaomin Li
1
&Benhe Zhong
2
&Xiaodong Guo
2
&Zhenguo Wu
2
&
Wei X iang
2
&Hao Liu
1
&Guobiao Liu
1
Received: 14 June 2017 / Revised: 15 September 2017/Accepted: 25 September 2017 /Published online: 7 October 2017
#Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
Abstract The electrochemical performances of
Li
1.2
Mn
0.54
Ni
0.13
Co
0.13
O
2
cathode material are enhanced
through hydrothermal approach using Na
2
S solution as a medi-
um. Furthermore, the influence of contents of Na
2
S solution on
the morphology, structure, and electrochemical performances is
fully investigated. The results indicate that a high content of
Na
2
S solution results in the formation of spinel particles which
are detected by SEM, XRD, and HR-TEM measurements. The
formation of spinel particles leads to a deterioration of electro-
chemical performances. However, a low content of Na
2
S solu-
tion results in a slight structure change from layered phase to
spinel one near the edge of Li
1.2
Mn
0.54
Ni
0.13
Co
0.13
O
2
particles.
This slight structure change facilitates the decrease of charge
transfer resistance, which contributes to the enhanced rate capa-
bility of Na
2
S-treated Li
1.2
Mn
0.54
Ni
0.13
Co
0.13
O
2
.
Keywords Lithium ion battery .Cathode material .Li-rich
layered oxide .Na
2
Streatment
Introduction
Although lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied
to many fields including portable electronic devices, smart
electricity grids, and new energy vehicles, a great improvement
on energy densities of LIBs is still desirable [1]. One of the
strategies is improving energy densities of cathode materials
which are lithium ion source in the LIBs [2]. In recent decade,
besides improving the energy densities of current commercial-
ized cathode materials, developing a new cathode material with
a high-energy density has also been highlighted because a great
improvement of energy densities of current commercialized
cathode materials is hardly achieved in a short time [3–5].
Lithium-rich layered oxide materials (denoted as OLO),
recorded by the chemical formula Li
2
MnO
3
·LiMO
2
,among
current non-commercialized cathode materials have gained
extensive attentions because of their high practical energy
density (~ 900 kWh kg
−1
), low cost of raw materials,and good
thermal stability [6–12]. Nevertheless, pristine OLO materials
demonstrate a low initial coulombic efficiency, poor rate ca-
pability, and bad cycling stability including a rapid decrease of
capacity and voltage decay during cycling, which is a question
to the practical application [13,14].
In recent decade, many methods have been developed to
improve electrochemical performances of OLO cathode ma-
terials. For instance, based on the initial charge/discharge
mechanism that excess Li
+
extracted from the transition metal
layer in the Li
2
MnO
3
in initial charge process cannot be
reinserted into Li
+
vacancies in bulk lattice in the initial dis-
charge process due to structural change, a directly blending
between OLO cathode materials and Li
+
free hosts such as
LiV
3
O
8
,V
2
O
5
has been developed to improved initial cou-
lombic efficiency [15,16]. Furthermore, based on the fact that
nano-particle can shorten Li
+
diffusion path, the nano-
technology has been used to improve the rate capability
[17]. Moreover, ground on the mechanism that ion substitu-
tion using ions with a bigger bond strength such as F
−
,Al
3+
or
using ions with non-electrochemical activity such as Mg
2+
,
Ca
2+
can stabilize the OLO bulk structure, bulk doping has
*Hao Liu
mliuhao@gmail.com
*Guobiao Liu
guobiaoliu@sina.com
1
Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D
Center, Chengdu Development Center of Science and Technology,
China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610207, China
2
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University,
Chengdu 610065, China
J Solid State Electrochem (2018) 22:547–554
DOI 10.1007/s10008-017-3783-0
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Researchers have taken a variety of measures to solve these problems [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Among them, surface coating is an effective and simple way to improve the electrochemical performance and stabilize the interface between electrode materials and electrolyte [20,21]. ...
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