Checklist of Lichen-Forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Eagle Hill and Its Vicinity, Maine

Abstract

600 lichens and 82 lichenicolous and allied fungi have been recorded from Eagle Hill in Steuben, ME, and its vicinity over the past 25 years, mainly as a consequence of courses and research centered upon the Eagle Hill Institute (formerly the Humboldt Field Research Institute). Of the 682 taxa listed, 331 have been recorded within the Institute's boundary, of which 27 were not found elsewhere in the vicinity; a further 66 taxa recorded but lacking voucher material are listed. One lichen, Lambiella fuscosora, and 7 lichenicolous fungi, Cornutispora pyramidalis, Epicladonia stenospora, Monodictys epilepraria, Muellerella polyspora, Taeniolella cladinicola, and Tremella coppinsii, are additional to the North American checklist; Lambiella fuscosora and Cornutispora pyramidalis are also recorded as new for Canada. Five lichens, Alyxoria ochrocheila, Cladonia albonigra, Ephebe solida, Myriolecis schofieldii, and Parmotrema stuppeum, are new for Maine. Notes on new records and interesting taxa are provided.

Full text

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M.R.D.Seaward, D.H.S.Richardson, I.M.Brodo, R.C. Harris, and D.L. Hawksworth
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NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
2017 24(3):349–379
Checklist of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi
of Eagle Hill and its Vicinity, Maine
Mark R.D. Seaward1,*, David H.S. Richardson2, Irwin M. Brodo3,
Richard C. Harris4, and David L. Hawksworth5
Abstract - 600 lichens and 82 lichenicolous and allied fungi have been recorded from Eagle
Hill in Steuben, ME, and its vicinity over the past 25 years, mainly as a consequence of
courses and research centered upon the Eagle Hill Institute (formerly the Humboldt Field
Research Institute). Of the 682 taxa listed, 331 have been recorded within the Institute’s
boundary, of which 27 were not found elsewhere in the vicinity; a further 66 taxa recorded
but lacking voucher material are listed. One lichen, Lambiella fuscosora, and 7 lichenico-
lous fungi, Cornutispora pyramidalis, Epicladonia stenospora, Monodictys epilepraria,
Muellerella polyspora, Taeniolella cladinicola, and Tremella coppinsii, are additional to the
North American checklist; Lambiella fuscosora and Cornutispora pyramidalis are also re-
corded as new for Canada. Five lichens, Alyxoria ochrocheila, Cladonia albonigra, Ephebe
solida, Myriolecis schoeldii, and Parmotrema stuppeum, are new for Maine. Notes on new
records and interesting taxa are provided.
Introduction
The Eagle Hill Research Institute (formerly the Humboldt Field Research Insti-
tute), a non-prot educational center in Steuben, ME, is situated on the Dyer Neck
Peninsula on the coast of Maine, about 120 km from the Canadian border and 50 km
northeast of the main section of Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, ME.
The Institute’s land, comprising a large reserve area (60 ha) of essentially blueberry
barrens and Acadian forest, extends to the ocean on its eastern side and to Dyer Bay
Road on the west, and includes Eagle Hill (elev. 70 m). Since 1987, the Institute
has operated as a natural history eld station offering week-long seminars on a
wide range of topics during the summer, including several courses on lichens each
year. Topics have included lichen parasites, calicioid lichens, ground-inhabiting
lichens, lecideoid lichens, sterile crustose lichens, Rhizocarpon and allied genera,
Cladonia, and Usnea.
Due to the number and variety of courses undertaken in the past 2 decades,
Eagle Hill and it vicinity is one of the most thoroughly studied areas in eastern
North America with regard to its natural history, particularly its lichen ora. The
participants on the lichen courses at the Institute can study species on the Eagle
1School of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK. 2En-
vironmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada. 3Canadian
Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443 Stn “D”, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada. 4Institute of
Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126. 5Compara-
tive Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
*Corresponding author - M.R.D.Seaward@bradford.ac.uk.
Manuscript Editor: Stephen Clayden

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Hill Reserve, where the deciduous trees have examples of the charismatic Lobarion
community, as well as other uncommon lichens that occur on the top of Eagle Hill
such as fertile Psilolechia lucida on rocks, and Hypotrachyna catawbiensis and
Pseudevernia cladonia on conifer branches. Areas reachable by car within about 1
hour are visited regularly to study the lichens as well as a few more distant sites of
particular interest, e.g., Callahan and Cutler. Nearby habitats that have been visited
include cemeteries at Steuben, Millbridge, Franklin and Columbia Falls, where we
have observed a rich ora on the gravestones, as well as terricolous species such as
Cetraria arenaria and many species of Cladonia, Stereocaulon, and Peltigera. The
Blackwoods Road (Route 182) that runs from Franklin to Cherryeld has roadside
banks, again with a rich ora of Cladonia species, and huge rocks that are cov-
ered with very large thalli of Lasallia papulosa, Umbilicaria mammulata, and U.
muhlenbergii. High-elevation habitats have also been examined on Lead Mountain
(elev. 450 m), Tunk Mountain (353 m), Black Mountain (333 m) and Catherine
Mountain (293 m), as have streamside rocks along the Narraguagus River that sup-
port Dermatocarpon luridum and Placynthium abellosum. Lead Mountain at the
northern end of route 193 is notable for its rich ora of pyrenolichens and Biatora
species, and Tunk Mountain, Black Mountain, and Catherine Mountain have a di-
verse lichen ora on the trees and rocks. The various peninsulas adjacent to Dyer
Bay Neck provide other lichen-rich woodlands, such as those around Corea and on
Petit Manan, as well as stretches of lichen-covered maritime (mostly granite) rocks.
Mud is quite frequently found coating the rocks around inlets, but elsewhere the
lichens of intertidal rocks are often covered with a variety of lichens, e.g., abundant
Wahlenbergiella mucosa, Hydropunctaria maura, and Collemopsidium halodytes
and some rarities such as Wahlenbergiella striatula, Verrucaria degelii, and V. ha-
lizoa. There are a series of off-lying islands along the Maine coast that have been
studied, some connected by causeways like Great Wass Island and others that can be
reached only by boat and with the permission of the owners, including Roque Island
which has been visited on a number of occasions by lichen classes. The latter is a
relatively large and unspoiled island with a rich lichen ora: for example, Sphae-
rophorus globosus is to be found on old coniferous trees, while the Fagus (beech)
forest supports a rich Lobarion community. The diversity of habitats within easy
reach of the Eagle Hill Research Institute (Fig. 1) is the reason for the continued
success of lichen courses there and the large number of lichens that have now been
recorded in the area as listed below.
Clearly there has been considerable interest in the lichens of Maine over many
years as reected in the distribution data cited in Fink (1935). Although the original
records (e.g., those of Harvey 1894, 1896; Merrill 1913, 1914; Tuckerman 1882,
1888) as well as the studies undertaken over the following 3 decades (e.g., Degelius
1940) have not been investigated in detail by us, there appear to be no published
records of lichens from the Eagle Hill vicinity for this period. However, recent pub-
lished taxonomic accounts include records from this area (e.g., Clerc 2011, Hinds
and Hinds 2007, Lendemer et al. 2016). The unpublished doctoral thesis by Sul-
livan (1996) and the more recent study by Barton et al. (2014) provide information

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on the lichen ora of Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, some 80 km by
road from Eagle Hill, and several important surveys of serpentine-rich localities
just southwest of Mount Desert Island (Harris et al. 2007, Medeiros et al. 2014, Ra-
jakaruna et al. 2011) have also added to our knowledge of the lichens of the region.
The records from Acadia National Park are not included in the current checklist,
since data are available from other sources and, due to the distance from Eagle Hill
and restrictions on collecting, these areas are not visited regularly by participants in
the Institute’s courses. Fundy National Park in New Brunswick, some 350 km to the
north-east, has also been well studied (Gowan and Brodo 1988). Brodo et al.’s (2001)
Lichens of North America and its recent supplement (Brodo 2016), McMullin and
Anderson’s (2015) Common Lichens of Northeastern North America, and Hinds
and Hinds’ (2007) Macrolichens of New England are all valuable resources for the
identication of lichen collections made in and around the Eagle Hill Institute.
Eagle Hill Institute Lichen Herbarium
Course instructors and attendees have contributed specimens to the Institute’s
Lichen Herbarium, which has been actively curated over the last decade. To date,
~680 taxa have been collected by at least 67 individuals (major collectors are
Figure 1. Map of the Eagle Hill Institute and Reserve (starred), Steuben, ME, and some of
the surrounding areas available for the study of lichens. Frequently visited areas include
those along Route 182 and Route 193 as far north as Lead Mountain (not shown), along
with the various peninsulas, Great Wass Island, and Roque Island. Mount Desert Island is
partly shown in the lower left corner, but records from there (Acadia National Park) are not
included in the list.

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2017 Vol. 24, No. 3
highlighted with an "*") as follows: *Anderson, F. 2007–2012; Bartkowiak, M.
2011; Battaglia, J. 2006–2008; Bayne, D.M. 2014; Bennett, J. 2003; *Brodo, I.M.
2003–2016; Buck, E. 2008; Cameron, R. 1997; Cannon, L.D. 2009–2010; Cary,
N.D. 2015; Davis, R.B. 1959; Davoodiam, N. 2007; Dibble, A.C. 2011; Favolise,
A. 2013; Fike, J. 1998; *Fryday, A.M. 2011–2013; Gagnon, J. 2015; *Gowan, S.
1993; Greller, A.M. 2015; Grow, W.C. 2015; *Hale, M.E. 1970–1971; Hammer,
R. 2016; Harms, R.Z. 2006; Harris, R.C. 2011; Hayes, P.E. 2014; Hill, R.J. 1998;
Hinds, J.W. 1996; Hodkinson, B.P. 2004; Hyerczyk, R. 1992; Ibe, R. 2010; Kel-
ly, M. 2009; Kneiper, E. 2005; Kruse, D.A. 2015; Lavoie, A. 2016; Lay, E. 1996;
Lemmon, C.R. 1998; *Lendemer, J.C. 2012; *Lotze, J-H. 1988; Lucas, N. 1996;
Maloney, K.M. 1997; Mashburn, H. 1996; May, H.D. 2013; May, P. 1993; Moya,
M. 2011; Mazurkiewicz, M. 1988; Moore, J.A. 2016; Olday, F.C. 2007; Ostrin,
Z. 2010; Parrish, C. 2009; Perlmutter, G.B. 2006; Peterson, F. 1998; Podaril, A.
2013; *Richardson, D.H.S. 2000–2016; Richardson, S. 2011; Schmitt, C. 1991;
*Seaward, M.R.D. 2006–2016; Slack, N. 1997; Sonder, E. 2008; Thompson, K.M.
2015; Tremback, B.J. 2015; Tsai, L.-J. 2016; Van Derwerker, A. 2011; Waters, D.P.
2008–2010; Westgate, L. 2016; Wiseman, R. 1998; Zoll, V. 2000–2008.
Checklist
Abbreviations of authorities in the following lists are according to Brummitt
and Powell (1992), and the nomenclature and authorities mainly follow Esslinger
(2016); where departures have been made, synonyms are provided. The area cov-
ered in the list is mostly illustrated in Figure 1, except for the inclusion of records
from the Cutler Coast Public Reserved Land northeast of the map and those men-
tioned in Medeiros et al. (2015) from Pine Hill and the Callahan Mine, and it ex-
cludes records from Acadia National Park.
* = lichenicolous fungi; + = allied saprophytic fungi; # = weakly lichenized or
beginning as parasites and later becoming lichens. 1 = occurring on the Eagle Hill
Research Institute Reserve; 2 = found in the vicinity of Eagle Hill in the area cov-
ered by Figure 1 and at sites along the various roads on that map and as far north
as Lead Mountain along route 193. The location of vouchers are: EgH = the Eagle
Hill Institute Herbarium; CANL = Canadian Museum of Nature; G = Conservatoire
et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève; ISC = Iowa State University.; MAINE =
University of Maine, Orono; MIN = Bell Museum of Natural History, Lichen Sec-
tion, University of Minnesota; MSC = Michigan State University; NY = New York
Botanical Garden; PH = Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; UMFK
= University of Maine, Fort Kent; DLH = determination by David L. Hawksworth,
most vouchers likely in K (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK) or MIN; MRDS =
private herbarium of Mark R.D. Seaward.
*Abrothallus caerulescens Kotte 2 [NY]
*A. cetrariae Kotte (& its anamorph, Vouauxiomyces santessonii D. Hawksw. ) 1,
2 [EgH]

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*A. cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw. 2 [DLH]
*A. microspermus Tul. (& its anamorph, Vouauxiomyces truncatus (B. de Lesd.)
Dyko & D. Hawksw. ) 1, 2 [NY]
*A. parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold 1, 2 [NY]
*A. tulasnei M.S. Cole & D. Hawksw. 2 [DLH]
Absconditella lignicola Vězda & Pišút 2 [CANL]
A. sphagnorum Vězda & Poelt 2 [MAINE]
Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Arnold 1, 2 [CANL]
A. molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevis. 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
A. sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körb. 1, 2 [EgH]
Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R.C. Harris 2 [CANL, NY]
+Agyrium rufum (Pers.) Fr. 2 [EgH]
Ahtiana aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane 2 [EgH]
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa 2 [EgH]
Alyxoria ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler (syn. Opegrapha ochrocheila Nyl.) 1,
2 [MSC]
A. varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler (syn. Opegrapha varia Pers.) 2 [CANL]
Amandinea dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard 2 [EgH]
A. milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard 2 [EgH]
A. polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P.F. May (syn. Rinodina polyspora Th. Fr.) 1
[MAINE]
A. punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. 1, 2 [EgH]
Amygdalaria panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo 1, 2 [EgH]
Anaptychia palmulata (Michx.) Vain. 2 [EgH]
Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
A. polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr 1, 2 [NY]
Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale 1, 2 [EgH]
Arthonia apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [NY]
+A. caudata Willey 2 [NY]
*A. colombiana Etayo 2 [EgH]
*A. coronata Etayo 2 [NY]
A. didyma Körb. 2 [NY]
A. helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. 2 [CANL]
A. leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq. 2 [EgH, CANL]
A. radiata (Pers.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
A. ruana A. Massal. (syn. Arthothelium ruanum (A. Massal.) Körb.) 2 [NY]
Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
+A. grisea Th. Fr. 1 [DLH]
Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
A. laevata (Ach.) Arnold 2 [EgH]
A. cf. verrucigera Hue 2 [EgH, MSC; det. Fryday, contains norstictic acid]
Athallia holocarpa (Hoffm.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm. ex
Ach.) A.E. Wade) 2 [EgH]
A. pyracea (Ach.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr.) 2 [EgH,
CANL]

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A. scopularis (Nyl.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau) 1, 2
[EgH]
*Bachmanniomyces uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold 2 [NY]
B. circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vain.) Malme 1 [EgH]
B. laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. 2 [CANL]
B. rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. 2 [EgH]
B. schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneid. 2 [EgH, CANL]
Bactrospora brodoi Egea & Torrente 2 [EgH, MAINE]
Baeomyces carneus Flörke 1 [EgH]
B. rufus (Huds.) Rebent. 1, 2 [EgH]
Biatora appalachensis Printzen & Tønsberg 2 [CANL]
B. chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen 2 [CANL, NY]
B. longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
B. pontica Printzen & Tønsberg 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
B. pycnidiata Printzen & Tønsberg 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
B. vernalis (L.) Fr. 1, 2 [CANL, MSC]
*Biatoropsis usnearum Räsänen 1, 2 [PH]
Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold 1, 2 [MRDS]
Brianaria lutulata (Nyl.) S. Ekman & M. Svennson (syn. Micarea lutulata (Nyl.)
Coppins) 2 [EgH, NY]
B. sylvicola (Flot. ex Körb.) S. Ekman & M. Svennson (syn. Micarea sylvicola
(Flot.) Vĕzda & V. Wirth) 2 [NY]
Bryobilimbia ahlesii (Körb.) Fryday et al. (syn. Lecidea ahlesii (Körb.) Nyl.) 2
[NY]
B. hypnorum (Lib.) Fryday et al. (syn. Mycobilimbia hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb &
Hafellner) 2 [NY]
Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [NY]
B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [EgH]
B. kockiana Velmala et al. (N. American records of B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo &
D. Hawksw.) 2 [EgH]
B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [EgH]
B. pikei Brodo & D. Hawksw. (N. American records of B. capillaris (Ach.) Brodo
& D. Hawksw.) 1, 2 [EgH]
B. trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes 1, 2 [EgH]
Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [CANL]
B. arnoldii Servít (syn. Hafellia arnoldii (Servit) Hafellner & Türk) 2 [NY]
B. dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. 2 [EgH]
B. disciformis (Fr.) Mudd (syn. Hafellia disciformis (Fr.) Marbach &
H.Mayrhofer) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
B. lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck. 2 [MSC]
B. ocellata (Flörke ex Flot.) Körb. 2 [MAINE]
B. schaereri De Not. 2 [CANL]
B. stillingiana J. Steiner (syn. B. erubescens Arnold s. str.) 1, 2 [EgH] (See
Brodo 2016: 109)

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Calicium abietinum Pers. 1, 2 [UMFK]
C. glaucellum Ach. 1, 2 [MAINE, UMFK]
C. lenticulare Ach. 1, 2 [UMFK]
C. parvum Tibell 1, 2 [UMFK]
C. salicinum Pers. 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. 1, 2 [UMFK]
C. viride Pers. 1 and/or 2 [UMFK]
Caloplaca borealis (Vain.) Poelt 2 [CANL]
C. cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr. 2 [NY]
C. fraudans (Th. Fr.) H.Olivier 2 [NY]
C. lithophila H. Magn. 2 [MSC]
Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein 2 [EgH]
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. 2 [MSC]
C. eforescens R.C. Harris & W.R. Buck 1, 2 [EgH]
C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. 1, 2 [NY]
Carbonicola anthracophila (Nyl.) Bendiksby & Timdal (syn. Hypocenomyce
anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth.Schneid.) 2 [CANL]
Catillaria atomarioides (Müll. Arg.) H. Kilias 2 [MSC]
C. chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal. 1 [EgH, CANL, NY]
C. lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. 2 [MSC]
Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Vězda & Poelt 1, 2 [MSC]
Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. 2 [EgH]
C. arenaria Kärnefelt 2 [EgH]
C. islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica 2 [CANL]
C. laevigata Rass. 2 [EgH]
C. muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt 2 [CANL]
Cetrelia cetrarioides (Duby) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 2 [NY]
C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb & C.F. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH]
Chaenotheca balsamconensis J.L. Allen & McMullin 2 [NY]
C. brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
C. ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. furfuracea (L.) Tibell 1, 2 [UMFK]
C. gracillima (Vain.) Tibell 1 [EgH]
C. nitidula Tibell 2 [UMFK]
C. phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr. 1 [MAINE]
C. stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 2 [UMFK]
C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [UMFK]
+Chaenothecopsis debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell 2 [UMFK]
*C. dibbleandersonianum S.B. Selva 2 [UMFK]
+C. haematopus Tibell 2 [UMFK]
#C. pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W. Schmidt 1, 2 [UMFK]
#C. pusiola (Ach.) Vain. 1, 2 [UMFK]

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#C. viridireagens (Nádv.) A.F.W. Schmidt 2 [UMFK]
Chrysothrix caesia (Flot.) Ertz & Tehler (syn. Arthonia caesia (Flöt.) Körb.) 2
[NY]
C. insulizans R.C. Harris & Ladd 2 [CANL, NY]
C. xanthina (Vain.) Kalb 1, 2 [NY]
Circinaria caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) A. Nordin et al. (syn. Aspicilia
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold) 1, 2 [EgH, MAINE]
Cladonia acuminata (Ach.) Norrl. 2 [MSC]
C. albonigra Brodo & Ahti 2 [EgH]
C. apodocarpa Robbins 2 [EgH]
C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. atlantica A. Evans 1 [EgH]
C. boryi Tuck. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. botrytes (K.G. Hagen) Willd. 2 [EgH]
C. brevis (Sandst.) Sandst. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke 1, 2 [EgH]
C. cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. carneola (Fr.) Fr. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. var. cenotea 1, 2 [EgH]
C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. coccifera (L.) Willd. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. 1, 2 [MAINE]
C. cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta 1(?), 2 [MAINE]
C. cornuta subsp. groenlandica E. Dahl. 2 [NY]
C. crispata (Ach.) Flot. var. crispata 1, 2 (mostly the thamnolic acid chemotype)
[EgH]
C. crispata var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vain. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. cristatella Tuck. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. cryptochlorophaea Asah. 2 [MSC]
C. deformis (L.) Hoffm. 1, 2 [NY]
C. digitata (L.) Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. dimorphoclada Robbins 2 [MSC]
C. farinacea (Vain.) A. Evans 2 [EgH]
C. mbriata (L.) Fr. 2 [CANL]
C. oerkeana (Fr.) Flörke 1, 2 [EgH]
C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. gracilis 1, 2 [EgH]
C. gracilis subsp. elongata (Wulfen) Vain. 2 [EgH]
C. gracilis subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti 1, 2 [EgH]
C. grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. incrassata Flörke 1, 2 [EgH]
C. macilenta Hoffm. var. macilenta 1, 2 [EgH]
C. macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaer. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. maxima (Asah.) Ahti 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]

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C. merochlorophaea Asah. 1 [NY]
C. mitis Sandst. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. multiformis G. Merr. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. ochrochlora Flörke 1, 2 [EgH]
C. parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. phyllophora Hoffm. 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot 2 [EgH]
C. polycarpoides Nyl. 2 [EgH]
C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. ramulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon 1 [EgH]
C. rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. rappii A.Evans 2 [MAINE]
C. rei Schaer. 2 [MSC]
C. scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. squamosa Hoffm. var. squamosa 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss 2 [EgH]
C. subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick 1, 2 [CANL]
C. subulata (L.) F.H. Wigg. 1, 2 [EgH]
C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. 2 [EgH]
C. symphycarpa (Flörke) Fr. 2 [MSC]
C. terrae-novae Ahti 2 [CANL]
C. turgida Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. uncialis (L.) F.H. Wigg. subsp. uncialis 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. uncialis subsp. biuncialis (Hoffm.) M. Choisy 2 [NY]
C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (syn. C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.)
Ahti) 1(?), 2 [EgH]
Clauzadeana macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold 2 [NY, MSC]
Cliostomum grifthii (Sm.) Coppins 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg 2 [CANL, NY]
C. vitellinum Gowan 2 [NY]
Coccocarpia palmicola (Spreng.) Arv. & D.J. Galloway 2 [MSC]
Coenogonium luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking 1, 2 [EgH]
C. pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch 1, 2 [EgH]
Collema subaccidum Degel. 2 [EgH, MSC]
Collemopsidium halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B.D. Ryan 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
C. sublitorale (Leight.) Grube & B.D. Ryan 1, 2 [EgH]
*Cortutispora pyramidalis Etayo 2 [NY]
*Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola (Diederich & Ahti) Millanes et al. (syn.
Cystobasidium hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti) 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites 2 [CANL]
*Dactylospora lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner 2 [DLH]
*D. parasitica (Flörke ex Spreng.) Zopf 2 [NY]

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Dendriscocaulon intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen 2 [EgH, CANL]
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 2 [MSC]
D. luridum (With.) J.R. Laundon 2 [EgH]
D. miniatum (L.) W. Mann 2 [MSC]
Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Dictyocatenulata alba Finney & E.F. Morris 2 [EgH]
Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman 2 [NY]
#Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. 1, 2 [MSC, NY]
D. scruposus (Schreb.) Norman 1, 2 [CANL, MSC, NY]
*Endococcus propinquus (Körb.) D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
*E. perpusillus Nyl. 1 [NY]
Enterographa zonata (Körb.) Källsten (syn. Opegrapha zonata Körb.) 2
[MAINE]
Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain. 2 [CANL]
E. perspinulosa Nyl. 2 [MAINE]
E. solida Bornet 2 [CANL]
*Epicladonia sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw. 2 [EgH, NY]
*E. stenospora (Harm.) D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. 1, 2 [EgH]
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Flavoplaca microthallina (Wedd.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca microthallina
(Wedd.) Zahlbr.) 2 [MAINE, MSC]
Flavopunctelia aventior (Stirt.) Hale 2 [MAINE]
Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
F. gothoburgensis (H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vězda 2 [MAINE]
F. lowensis (H. Magn.) R. Anderson & Hertel 2 [MAINE]
F. pusilla Tønsberg 2 [NY]
F. recensa (Stirton) Hertel et al. var recensa 2 [NY]
F. recensa var. arcuatula (Arnold) Fryday 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC, NY]
Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) P.M. Jørg. 2 [MSC]
Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach. 2 [MAINE]
G. scripta (L.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Gyalideopsis moodyae Lendemer & Lücking 2 [NY]
Gyalolechia avorubescens (Huds.) Søchting et al. (syn. Caloplaca
avorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon) 1, 2 [EgH]
G. xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Søchting et al. (syn. Caloplaca xanthostigmoidea
(Räsänen) Zahlbr.) 2 [CANL, NY]
Halecania pepegospora (H. Magn.) Van den Boom 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Heterocephalacria bachmannii (Diederich & M.S. Christ) Millanes & Wedin
(syn. Syzygospora bachmannii Diederich & M.S. Christ.) 2 [NY]
Heterodermia neglecta Lendemer et al. 2 [EgH]
H. speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan 2 [NY]
H. squamulosa (Degel.) W.L. Culb. 2 [EgH]
*Homostegia piggotii (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst. 1, 2 [MRDS, NY]

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Hydropunctaria maura (Wahlenb.) Keller et al. (syn. Verrucaria maura
Wahlenb.) 1, 2 [EgH]
Hyperphyscia syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb. 2 [MAINE]
Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy 2 [CANL, NY]
Hypogymnia incurvoides Rass. 2 [EgH]
H. krogiae Ohlsson 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
H. physodes (L.) Nyl. 1, 2 [EgH]
H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow 2 [MAINE]
H. catawbiensis (Degel.) Divakar et al. (syn. Everniastrum catawbiense (Degel.)
Hale ex Sipman) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
H. revoluta (Flörke) Hale 1 [EgH, NY]
Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. 1, 2 [EgH]
Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.F. Meyer 1, 2 [EgH]
I. placorodia (Ach.) S.F. Meyer 1, 2 [NY]
Inoderma byssaceum (Weigel) Gray (syn. Arthonia byssacea (Weigel) Almq.) 1,
2 [CANL]
*Intralichen christiansenii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M.S. Cole 1 [DLH]
*I. lichenum (Diederich) D. Hawksw. & M.S. Cole 2 [DLH]
Ionaspis alba Lutzoni 2 [CANL]
I. lacustris (With.) Lutzoni 2 [EgH, CANL]
Japewia subaurifera Muhr & Tønsberg 2 [NY]
Japewiella dollypartoniana J.L. Allen & Lendemer 1, 2 [NY]
+Julella fallaciosa (Arnold) R.C. Harris 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Laeviomyces pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. (syn Lichenodiplis pertusariicola
(Nyl.) Diederich.) 2 [NY]
Lambiella caeca (J. Lowe) Resl & T. Sprib. (syn. Rimularia caeca (J.Lowe)
Rambold & Printzen) 1, 2 [NY]
L. fuscosora (Muhr & Tønsberg) M. Westb. & Resl 2 [CANL]
Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano 2 [NY]
Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb. 2 [CANL, NY]
Lecania croatica (Zahlbr.) Kotlov 1, 2 [EgH]
L. naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & Van den Boom 2 [MRDS]
Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach. var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch 2
[NY]
L. allophana Nyl. 1, 2 [NY]
L. argentea Oxner & Volkova 2 [EgH]
L. caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella 1, 2 [EgH]
L. chlarotera Nyl. 2 [EgH, MAINE]
L. cinereofusca H. Magn. 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. congesta Lynge 2 [NY]
L. expallens Ach. 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
L. farinaria Borrer 2 [NY]

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L. glabrata (Ach.) Malme 2 [EgH]
L. hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo 1, 2 [EgH]
L. hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl. 2 [CANL, NY]
L. layana Lendemer 2 [NY]
L. minutella Nyl. 2 [NY]
L. orae-frigidae R. Sant. 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
L. perplexa Brodo 2 [MAINE]
L. polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh. 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. rugosella Zahlbr. 2 [EgH]
L. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. strobilina (Spreng.) Kieffer 1, 2 [EgH]
L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. thysanophora R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. wisconsinensis H. Magn. 2 [EgH]
L. xylophila Hue 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
Lecidea auriculata Th. Fr. subsp. auriculata 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
L. brunneofusca H. Magn. 1, 2 [CANL]
L. herteliana Fryday & Coppins 1, 2 [ISC, MSC]
L. nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. 2 [EgH]
L. plana (J. Lahm) Nyl. 2 [MSC]
L. tessellata Flörke 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
L. turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. (syn. Biatora turgidula Fr.) 2 [NY]
Lecidella patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert 2 [MSC]
L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert 2 [MAINE, MSC]
Lepraria caesiella R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. cryophila Lendemer 2 [NY]
L. eburnea J.R. Laundon 2 [NY]
L. nkii (B. de Lesd.) R.C. Harris (syn. L. lobicans Nyl.) 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
L. harrisiana Lendemer 2 [NY]
L. hodkinsoniana Lendemer 2 [NY]
L. humida Slav.-Bayr. & Orange 1, 2 [NY]
L. jackii Tønsberg 2 [NY]
L. neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen (syn. L. borealis Tønsberg) 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
L. normandinioides Lendemer & R.C. Harris 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC, NY]
L. oxybapha Lendemer 2 [NY]
L. rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Tønsberg 2 [NY]
L. torii Pérez-Ortega & T. Sprib. 2 [NY]
Leprocaulon adhaerens (K. Knudsen et al.) Lendemer & Hodkinson (syn.
Lepraria adhaerens K. Knudsen et al.) 2 [CANL]
Leimonis erratica (Körb.) R.C. Harris & Lendemer (syn. Micarea erratica
(Körb.) Hertel et al.) 2 [EgH, CANL]
Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
L. laceroides B. de Lesd. 2 [EgH]
L. milligranum Sierk 2 [EgH]

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*Lettauia cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. 2 [NY]
*Leucogyrophana lichenicola Thorn et al. 2 [NY]
*Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [MIN, NY]
*L. lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [NY]
*L. pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petr. & Syd. 1 [DLH]
*Lichenodiplis lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.: Fr.) Redhead et al. (syn. Omphalina ericetorum
(Pers.) M. Lange) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Lichenosticta alcicornaria (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
*Lichenostigma alpinum (R. Sant. et al.) Ertz & Diederich (syn. Phaeosporobolus
alpinus R. Sant. et al.) 2 [NY]
*L. cosmopolites Hafellner & Catal. 2 [MIN, NY]
*L. elongata Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner 1, 2 [NY]
*L. maureri Hafellner (syn. Phaeosporobolus usneae D. Hawksw. & Hafellner) 1,
2 [DLH]
#Lichenothelia convexa Henssen 2 [MSC]
Lithothelium hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot 2 [EgH]
Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH]
L. quercizans Michx. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
L. scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. 1, 2 [EgH]
Lopadium disciforme (Flot.) Kullh. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Loxospora cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner 1, 2 [EgH]
L. elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
L. ochrophaea (Tuck.) R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
*Marchandiomyces corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw. 1 [MIN]
Megalaria laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Hafellner 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
M. pulverea (Borrer) Hafellner & E.J. Schreiner 2 [NY]
Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R.C. Harris 2 [NY]
Melanelia hepatizon (Ach.) Thell 1 [EgH]
M. stygia (L.) Essl. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler & Arup (syn. M. fuliginosa subsp.
glabratula (Lamy) J.R. Laundon) 1, 2 [EgH]
M. subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Melanohalea halei (Ahti) O. Blanco et al. 1, 2 [EgH]
M. olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. 1, 2 [NY]
M. septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
Menegazzia subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant. 2 [EgH]
Micarea botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins 2 [NY]
M. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. 1 [CANL]
M. endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) R.C. Harris 2 [EgH, CANL]
M. globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
M. hedlundii Coppins 2 [NY]
M. melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. 2 [EgH, CANL]
M. micrococca (Körb.) Gams ex Coppins 2 [EgH, NY]

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M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. 1 [EgH, MSC]
M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
M. prasina Fr. s.l. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
M. turfosa (A. Massal.) Du Rietz 2 [MSC]
+Microcalicium ahlneri Tibell 2 [UMFK]
#M. arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Tibell 1, 2 [UMFK]
Miriquidica leucophaea (Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Monodictys epilepraria Kukwa & Diederich 2 [NY]
Montanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Divakar et al. (syn. Melanelia disjuncta
(Erichsen) Essl.) 1, 2 [NY]
M. panniformis (Nyl.) Divakar et al. (syn.Melanelia panniformis (Nyl.) Essl.) 1,
2 [EgH]
M. sorediata (Ach.) Divakar et al. (syn. Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward &
Ahti) 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
*Muellerella lichenicola (Sommerf.) D. Hawksw. 1, 2 [NY]
*M. polyspora Hepp ex Müll. Arg. 2 [CANL]
*M. pygmaea (Körb.) D. Hawksw. 2 [EgH]
Multiclavula mucida (Fr.) R. Petersen 2 [MAINE]
Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth (syn. Lecidea
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl.) 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
M. epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik. et al. 2 [NY]
M. tetramera (De Not.) Vitik. et al. 2 [CANL]
Mycoblastus afnis (Schaer.) Schauer (syn. M. alpinus (Fr.) Hellb.) 2 [NY]
M. caesius (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
M. sanguinarioides Kantvilas 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
+Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala 1, 2 [EgH]
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale 2 [NY]
M. galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale 1, 2 [NY]
Myriolecis dispersa (Pers.) Śliwa et al. (syn. Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Rohl.) 2
[MSC, NY]
M. aff. contractula (Nyl.) Śliwa et al. (syn. Lecanora contractula Nyl.) 2
[CANL]
M. cf. schoeldii (Brodo) Śliwa et al. (syn. Lecanora schoeldii Brodo) 2
[CANL]
M. straminea (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Śliwa et al. (syn. Lecanora straminea Wahlenb.
ex Ach.) 2 [NY]
M. zosterae (Ach.) Śliwa et al. var. zosterae (syn. Lecanora zosterae var. zosteri)
2 [EgH, CANL]
M. zosterae (Ach.) Śliwa et al. “var. beringii (Nyl.)” ined. (syn. Lecanora
zosterae (Ach.) Nyl. var. beringii (Nyl.) Śliwa) 2 [CANL]
Myriospora smaragdula (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) K. Knudsen & L. Arcadia (syn.
Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal., Silobia smaragdula
(Wahlenb.) M. Westb. & Wedin) 2 [MSC, NY]
Nadvornikia sorediata R.C. Harris 2 [NY]

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Nephroma helveticum Ach. subsp. helveticum 1, 2 [EgH]
N. laevigatum Ach. 2 [EgH]
N. parile (Ach.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH]
Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
O. arborea (Kreyer) Almb. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
O. mexicana Vain. 2 [NY]
O. microstictoides Räsänen 2 [NY]
O. pseudopallescens Brodo 1, 2 [CANL, MSC, NY]
O. trochophora (Vain.) Oshio var. trochophora 1, 2 [EgH]
O. turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot 2 [EgH, NY]
O. yasudae Vain. 2 [MAINE]
Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory s.l. 2 [MSC]
P. tavaresii P.M. Jørg. 2 [NY]
Parmelia fertilis Müll. Arg. 2 [NY]
P. neodiscordans Hale 2 [NY]
P. omphalodes (L.) Ach. subsp. omphalodes 1, 2 [EgH]
P. omphalodes subsp. pinnatida (Kurok.) Skult 2 [EgH]
P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. squarrosa Hale 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. sulcata Taylor 1, 2 [EgH]
Parmeliella appalachensis P.M. Jørg. 2 [NY]
P. triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. 1, 2 [NY]
P. capitata R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH]
P. hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold 1, 2 [NY]
Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale 2 [MAINE]
Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy 1, 2 [EgH]
P. perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy 1, 2 [EgH]
P. reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy 2 [EgH]
P. stuppeum (Taylor) Hale 2 [EgH]
Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. 2 [NY]
P. canina (L.) Willd. 1(?), 2 [MAINE, MSC]
P. degenii Gyeln. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon 2 [EgH]
P. elisabethae Gyeln. 2 [EgH]
P. extenuata (Vain.) Lojka 2 [NY]
P. horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. 2 [EgH]
P. lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vain.) Bitter 2 [EgH]
P. neckeri Hepp ex Müll. Arg. 2 [NY]
P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf 1, 2 [EgH]
P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. 2 [EgH, MSC]
Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles 1, 2 [EgH]

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P. consocians Dibben 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. globularis (Ach.) Tuck. 2 [CANL, NY]
P. leioplaca DC. 1, 2 [MAINE]
P. macounii (I.M. Lamb) Dibben 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. neoscotica I.M. Lamb 2 [EgH]
P. propinqua Müll. Arg. 2 [EgH]
P. rubefacta Erichsen 2 [EgH]
P. sulcata Dibben 1, 2 [NY]
*Phacopsis oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold (syn. Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.)
A. Massal.) 1, 2 [MRDS]
+Phaeocalicium betulinum (Nyl.) Tibell 2 [UMFK]
+P. compressulum (Nyl. ex Vain.) A.F.W. Schmidt 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
+P. curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell 2 [NY]
+P. matthewsianum Selva & Tibell 1, 2 [UMFK]
+P. polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl. 2 [NY]
P. ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg 2 [EgH]
P. pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. 2 [EgH]
P. sciastra (Ach.) Moberg 2 [EgH]
*Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold et al. 1, 2 [NY]
Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot. 1 [EgH]
P. argena (Spreng.) Flot. s. str. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. speirea G. Merr. 1, 2 [EgH]
*Phoma lobariae Diederich & Etayo 2 [MIN]
Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. var. aipolia 1, 2 [NY]
P. caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. 1, 2 [CANL]
P. dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau 2 [MAINE]
P. millegrana Degel. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. phaea (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson 1, 2 [EgH]
P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. 2 [EgH]
P. subtilis Degel. s.l. 2 [EgH]
P. tenella (Scop.) DC. 1, 2 [EgH]
Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. melanchra (Hue) Essl. 2 [MAINE]
Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
P. grumosa Kashiw. & Poelt 2 [MAINE]
P. leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl. 2 [EgH]
Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr. in Hellbom 2 [NY]
Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss 2 [MSC, NY]
Placynthiella hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Coppins & P. James 2 [MSC]
P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. oligotropha (J.R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James 1, 2 [NY]

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P. uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James 1, 2 [EgH]
Placynthium abellosum (Tuck) Zahlbr. 2 [EgH]
Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH]
P. tuckermanii (Oakes) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén et al. (syn. Xanthoria polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber) 1, 2 [EgH]
P. verruculifera (Vain.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr.)
2 [EgH]
Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vězda 2 [EgH]
Porina scabrida R.C. Harris 2 [NY]
Porocyphus coccodes (Flot.) Körb. 2 [MSC]
Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph 1, 2 [CANL]
P. cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
P. contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph & Hertel (syn. P. diversa (J. Lowe) Gowan) 1,
2 [EgH, CANL]
P. crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
P. degelii (H. Magn.) Lendemer 2 [MSC]
P. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab 1, 2 [EgH]
P. ochrolemma (Vain.) Brodo & R. Sant. 2 [MAINE, MSC]
P. soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J.R. Laundon 2 [NY]
P. subsimplex (H. Magn.) Fryday (syn. P. tahawasiana Gowan) 1, 2 [CANL,
MSC, NY]
P. tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Pronectria oligospora Lowen & Rogerson 1 [DLH]
Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P.M. Jørg. & S. Ekman 1, 2 [CANL, NY]
Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. hypotremella Herk et al. 2 [MAINE, with Sphinctrina turbinata]
Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreber) M. Choisy 2 [MAINE]
Pseudevernia cladonia (Tuck.) Hale & W.L. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
P. consocians (Vain.) Hale & W.L. Culb. 1, 2 [EgH]
Pseudocyphellaria aff. perpetua McCune & Miądl. 1, 2 [EgH]
Pseudosagedia guentheri (Flot.) Hafellner & Kalb 2 [MSC]
Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneid. 2 [EgH, MSC]
Punctelia appalachensis (W.L. Culb.) Krog 2 [EgH]
P. caseana Lendemer & Hodkinson 1, 2 [EgH]
P. rudecta (Ach.) Krog 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
*Pyrenidium actinellum Nyl. 1 [EgH]
*P. aggregatum K. Knudsen & Kocourk. 2 [NY]
Pyrenocarpon thelostomum (Ach. ex J. Harriman) Coppins & Aptroot 2 [MSC]
Pyrenula pseudobufonia (Rehm) R.C. Harris 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Pyrrhospora varians (Ach.) R.C. Harris (syn. Lecidea varians Ach.) 1, 2 [EgH,
CANL, MSC]

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Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont. 1, 2 [EgH]
Ramalina americana Hale 2 [EgH]
R. farinacea (L.) Ach. 1, 2 [EgH]
R. intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. 1, 2 [EgH]
R. roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaer.) Hue 1, 2 [EgH]
R. thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. 2 [EgH]
Ramboldia elabens (Fr.) Kantvilas & Elix 1, 2 [EgH, MSC, CANL]
Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Vain. 1, 2 [NY]
R. disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. 2 [MSC]
R. distinctum Th. Fr. 1, 2 [MSC]
R. eupetraeoides (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell 2 [EgH]
R. eupetraeum (Nyl.) Arnold 1, 2 [CANL, MSC, NY]
R. geminatum Körb. 1, 2 [MAINE, MSC]
R. geographicum (L.) DC. 1, 2 [EgH]
R. grande (Flörke ex Flot.) Arnold 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
R. hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain. 1 [EgH, CANL]
R. infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge (incl. f. sylvaticum Fryday) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
R. lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. 2 [EgH, CANL]
R. lecanorinum Anders 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
R. polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [MSC]
R. postumum (Nyl.) Arnold 2 [NY]
R. reductum Th. Fr. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
R. rubescens Th. Fr. (syn. R. plicatile (Leight.) A.L. Sm.) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL,
MSC]
R. subgeminatum Eitner 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
R. timdalii Ihlen & Fryday 2 [CANL, MSC]
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant. 2 [EgH]
Rimularia badioatra (Kremp.) Hertel & Rambold 2 [NY]
R. gibbosa (Ach.) Coppins et al. 2 [MSC]
Rinodina adirondackii H. Magn. 2 [NY]
R. ascociscana Tuck. 2 [EgH]
R. buckii Sheard et al. 2 [EgH]
R. degeliana Coppins 2 [EgH, CANL]
R. eforescens Malme 2 [CANL, NY]
R. freyi H. Magn. (syn. R. magnussonii Sheard) 2 [CANL]
R. gennarii Bagl. 2 [CANL, NY]
R. subminuta H. Magn. 2 [EgH]
R. tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre 2 [CANL]
R. willeyii Sheard & Giralt 2 [CANL, NY]
Ropalospora chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
R. viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]
Rostania occultata (Bagl.) Otálora et al. (syn. Collema occultatum Bagl.) 2
[EgH]
Rufoplaca arenaria (Pers.) Arup et al. (syn. Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Müll.
Arg.; Blastenia ammiospila (Ach.) Arup et al.) 2 [EgH]

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Rusavskia elegans (Link) S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt (syn. Xanthoria elegans (Link)
Th. Fr.) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
Sarcogyne hypophaea (Nyl.) Arnold (syn. S. privigna auct.) 1, 2 [MSC]
S. similis H. Magn. 2 [MSC]
Sarcosagium campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. 2 [MSC]
*Sclerococcum simplex D. Hawksw. 2 [NY]
Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vězda 2 [EgH]
S. pruinosum (P. James) Vězda 2 [EgH]
S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold 1, 2 [CANL, MSC]
+Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr. 2 [EgH]
+S. resinae (Fr.) Kuntze 2 [CANL, NY]
Scytinium imbricatum (P.M. Jørg.) Otálora et al. (syn. Leptogium imbricatum
P.M. Jørg.) 2 [MAINE]
S. tenuissimum (Dicks.) Otálora et al. (syn. Leptogium tenuissimum (Dicks.)
Körb.) 2 [MAINE]
S. cf. teretiusculum (Wallr.) Otálora et al. (syn. Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.)
Arnold) 2 [EgH]
*Skyttea gregaria Sherwood et al. 2 [NY]
*S. nitschkei (Körb.) Sherwood et al. 2 [NY]
*S. richardsonii Iturr. & D. Hawksw. 1 [NY]
*Sphaerellothecium coniodes (Nyl.) Cl. Roux & Diederich 2 [NY]
*Sphaerellothecium reticulatum (Zopf) Etayo (syn. Echinothecium reticulatum
Zopf) 2 [DLH]
Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. s.l. 2 [EgH, NY]
*Sphinctrina anglica Nyl. 2 [MAINE]
*S. turbinata (Pers.: Fr.) De Not. 2 [NY]
Spilonema revertens Nyl. 2 [EgH, with Psorula]
*Spirographa fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1 [DLH]
Sporodictyon cruentum (Körb.) Körb. (syn. Polyblastia cruenta (Körb.) P. James
& Swinscow) 2 [CANL]
Staurothele ssa (Taylor) Zwackh 2 [CANL]
Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein 2 [MSC]
+Stenocybe major Nyl. ex Körb. 1, 2 [EgH]
+S. pullatula (Ach.) Stein 1, 2 [EgH]
Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
S. dactylophyllum Flörke 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
S. glaucescens Tuck. var. glaucescens 1, 2 [NY]
S. intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn. 2 [EgH]
S. nanodes Tuck. 2 [MAINE]
S. paschale (L.) Hoffm. 2 [EgH]
S. pileatum Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
S. saxatile H. Magn. 1, 2 [EgH]
S. subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
S. tomentosum Fr. 1, 2 [EgH]

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Stictis urceolatum (Ach.) Gilenstam (syn. Conotrema urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck.)
1, 2 [EgH]
*Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant. 2 [NY]
*S. marinum (Deakin) Swinscow 1, 2 [CANL]
Strigula stigmatella (Ach.) R.C. Harris 2 [NY]
*Taeniolella cladinicola Alstrup 2 [DLH]
Thelocarpon impressellum Nyl. 2 [NY]
T. laureri (Flot.) Nyl. 2 [CANL, NY]
Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. 2 [NY]
T. suecicum (H. Magn.) P. James 2 [NY]
Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
T. corticola Coppins & P. James 2 [MSC, NY]
T. glebulosa (Sm.) J.R. Laundon 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC, NY]
T. placodioides Coppins & P. James 2 [CANL, NY]
T. stipitata Brodo & Lendemer 2 [CANL, NY]
Trapeliopsis exuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James 1 [EgH]
T. granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
T. viridescens (Schrad.) Coppins & P. James 2 [EgH]
*Tremella cladoniae Diederich & M.S. Christ. 2 [NY]
*T. coppinsii Diederich & G. Marson 2 [NY]
*T. everniae Diederich 1, 2 [EgH]
Trypethelium virens Tuck. ex E. Michener 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
Tuckermanopsis americana (Spreng.) Hale 1, 2 [EgH]
T. orbata (Nyl.) M.J. Lai 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
T. sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale 2 [MAINE]
Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, MSC]
U. mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
U. muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
U. torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. 2 [MAINE]
Usnea ceratina Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
U. cornuta Körb. subsp. cornuta 1, 2 [EgH]
U. dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. (syn.U. diplotypus Vain.; U. lipendula Stirt.) 1, 2
[EgH]
U. avocardia Räsänen 2 [G]
U. fragilescens Hav. ex Lynge var. mollis (Vain.) P.Clerc 2 [G]
U. halei P.Clerc 2 [G]
U. glabrescens var. fulvoreagens Räsänen (syn. U. fulvoreagens (Räsänen)
Räsänen) 1, 2 [HgH]
U. hirta (L.) F.H. Wigg. 1, 2 [EgH]
U. longissima Ach. 1, 2 [EgH]
U. macaronesica P. Clerc 2 [G, MAINE]
U. merrillii Motyka 1, 2 [NY]
U. praetervisa (Asah.) P. Clerc 2 [NY]
U. silesiaca Motyka 2 [NY]

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U. strigosa (Ach.) Eaton subsp. strigosa 1, 2 [EgH]
U. suboridana Stirt. 1, 2 [EgH]
U. subfusca Stirt. 2 [MAINE]
U. subgracilis Vain. (syn. U. hesperina Motyka; U. schadenbergiana sensu
P.Clerc, non Göpp. & Stein) 1, 2 [NY]
U. subrubicunda P. Clerc 1, 2 [EgH, G, NY]
U. trichodea Ach. 1, 2 [EgH, NY]
U. wasmuthii Räsänen 2 [MAINE]
Usneocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) M.J. Lai & J.C. Wei (syn. Allocetraria
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell) 1, 2 [EgH]
Varicellaria velata (Turner) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch (syn. Pertusaria velata
(Turner) Nyl.) 1, 2 [EgH]
Variolaria amara Ach. (syn. Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl.) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
V. multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer et al. (syn. Pertusaria multipuntoides
Dibben) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
V. ophthalmiza Nyl. (syn. Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl.) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
V. pustulata (Brodo & W.L. Culb.) Lendemer et al. (syn. Loxospora pustulata
(Brodo & W.L. Culb.) R.C. Harris) 1, 2 [EgH, CANL]
V. trachythallina (Erichsen) Lendemer et al. (syn. Pertusaria trachythallina
Erichsen) 2 [EgH]
V. waghornei (Hulting) Darb. (syn. Pertusaria waghornei Hulting) 2 [EgH]
Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlenb. 2 [NY]
V. degelii R. Sant. 1, 2 [NY]
V. ditmarsica Erichsen 1, 2 [CANL]
V. erichsenii Zschacke 2 [EgH, CANL]
V. halizoa Leight. 1 [EgH]
V. margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. (syn. V. andesiatica Servit) 2 [CANL]
V. muralis Ach. 2 [MSC]
Vezdaea acicularis Coppins 2 [MSC]
Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. (syn. Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr.) 2 [NY]
*Vouauxiella lichenicola (Linds.) Petr. & Syd. 2 [MIN, NY]
Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai 1, 2 [EgH]
Wahlenbergiella mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs (syn. Verrucaria mucosa
Wahlenb.) 1, 2 [CANL, EgH]
W. striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs (syn. Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb.) 1,
2 [CANL]
Xanthoparmelia augustiphylla (Gyeln.) Hale 2 [EgH]
X. conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale 1, 2 [EgH]
X. cumberlandia (Gyeln.) Hale 1, 2 [EgH]
X. plittii (Gyeln.) Hale 2 [NY]
X. viriduloumbrina (Gyeln.) Lendemer 1, 2 [EgH]
Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. 1, 2 [EgH, MSC]
Xylographa disseminata Willey 1 [MSC, NY]
X. opegraphella Nyl. ex Rothr. 1, 2 [EgH, CANL, NY]

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X. parallela (Ach.: Fr.) Behlen & Desberger 1, 2 [EgH]
X. trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks ex Desberger 2 [CANL]
X. vitiligo (Ach.) J.R. Laundon 2 [EgH]
Xylopsora friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby & Timdal (syn. Hypocenomyce friesii (Ach.)
P. James & Gotth. Schneid.) 2 [NY]
Unsubstantiated reports of species from Eagle Hill and its vicinity
The following 66 species, compiled from unveried class lists, lack voucher
material. Many of these may occur within the study area, but require conrmation.
*Abrothallus halei Pérez-Ortega et al. 2
*A. usneae Rabenh. 2
Arthonia patellulata Nyl. 1 &/or 2
Bacidia diffracta S. Ekman 2
Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vězda 2
Baeomyces placophyllus Ach. 1
Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi 2
Caloplaca camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. 2
C. feracissima H. Magn. 2
Carbonea vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel 2
Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler 2
+Chaenothecopsis savonica (Räsänen) Tibell 1, 2
*C. viridialba (Kremp.) A.F.W. Schmidt 1 and/or 2
Cladonia cenotea var. exaltata (Vain.) Vain. 2
C. peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon 2
Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. 1
Fuscidea praeruptorum (Du Rietz & H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vězda 2
Gyalolechia avovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting et al. (syn. Caloplaca
avovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth) 2
Lecanora albellula Nyl. 1 and/or 2
L. argentata (Ach.) Malme (syn. L. subrugosa Nyl.) 1, 2
L. cenisia Ach. 1 and/or 2
L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. 2
L. sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. 1 and/or 2
Lecidea conuens (Weber) Ach. 1 and/or 2
L. diducens Nyl. 2
L. lapicida (Ach.) Ach. 1 and/or 2
Lecidella carpathica Körb. 2
L. euphorea (Flörke) Hertel 2
#Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr. 2
Melanelixia subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2
Micarea cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl. 2
*Muellerella erratica (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. John (syn. M. pygmaea var.
athallina (Müll. Arg.) Triebel) 1, 2

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Mycobilimbia pilularis (Körb.) Hafellner & Türk (syn. Biatora sphaeroides
(Dicks.) Körb.) 2
+Mycoglaena myricae (Nyl.) R.C. Harris 2
Myriolecis hagenii (Ach.) Ach. 2
Ochrolechia frigida (Sw.) Lynge 2
Peltigera hymenina (Ach.) Delise 1, 2
Pertusaria paratuberculifera Dibben 1 and/or 2
P. subobducens Nyl. 2
P. texana Müll. Arg. 2
+Phaeocalicium populneum (Brond. ex Duby) A.F.W. Schmidt 2
Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt 2
Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray 2
*Pronectria anisospora (Lowen) Lowen 1 and/or 2
Pseudosagedia chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb 2
Racodium rupestre Pers. 2
Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. 1, 2
Ramboldia cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Kalb et al. 2
Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal. 1, 2
R. riparium Räsänen 1
Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Kremp. 1, 2
Scytinium lichenoides (L.) Otálora et al. (syn. Leptogium lichenoides (L.)
Zahlbr.) 1, 2
*Skyttea caesii Diederich & Etayo 2
*Sphinctrina tubaeformis A. Massal. 2
Stereocaulon glaucescens var. caespitosulum (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb 2
Thelidium incavatum Nyl. ex Mudd 1 and/or 2
*Tremella hypogymniae Diederich & M.S. Christ. 1
*T. pertusariae Diederich 2
Tuckermanella fendleri (Nyl.) Essl. 1
Tuckermanopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. 1, 2
Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. 2
Usnea cavernosa Tuck. 1
U. cornuta subsp. brasiliensis (Zahlbr.) P. Clerc (syn. U. brasiliensis (Zahlbr.)
Motyka) 2
U. lapponica Vain. 2
Verrucaria hydrela Ach. 1 and/or 2
V. nigrescens Pers. 2
Notes on New Records and Some Interesting Taxa
Alyxoria ochrocheila
This record represents a surprising disjunction from the species’ main distribu-
tion range in Mexico and along the southwestern coast of the US (Ertz and Egea
2007), but the species was reported from Cape Breton Island by Selva et al. (2004)
(vouchers listed in CNALH 2017 sub Opegrapha ochrocheila), and there are 2

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veried records from New Brunswick reported in CNALH (2017) from the New
Brunswick Museum [NBM] (S. Clayden, New Brunswick Museum, St. John, NB,
Canada, pers. comm.). When present, the orange pruina of the ascomatal margins
(reacting KOH+ purple) is distinctive and diagnostic when combined with the
4-celled spores and long, 1–3 septate conidia. The Eagle Hill voucher lacks any
white pruina on the ascomatal disk (A. Fryday, Herbarium, Michigan State Univer-
sity, East Lansing, MI, pers. comm.), a feature of the very similar Alyxoria bicolor
(R.C. Harris & Lendemer) Ertz & Tehler, recently described from Pennsylvania
(Harris and Lendemer 2005). (Maine, Washington County, Steuben, Eagle Hill
Institute, Blue trail, 44.4605°N, 67.9265°W, on Betula alleghaniensis, A. Fryday
10503, 17 June 2013 [MSC]).
Bryoria kockiana
Based on molecular studies of mainly northwestern material, Velmala et al. (2014)
concluded that North American non-sorediate specimens of Bryoria containing
psoromic acid in the thallus and formerly called B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.
Hawksw. belong to a North American endemic species that they named B. kockiana.
For the present, we are assuming that northeastern specimens belong to the same
species and not the European B. implexa s. str., which is often sorediate and has
conspicuous white pseudocyphellae. In North America, psoromic acid-containing
specimens are never sorediate and the pseudocyphellae are less conspicuous.
Chaenotheca balsamconensis
This small stubble lichen, which grows on a common bracket fungus (Trichap-
tum abietinum) on conifers, has only recently been described (Allen and McMullin
2015). It is distinguished by its smooth spores and K+ red stalks and apparently
has an Appalachian–Great Lakes distribution, with 1 report from British Columbia.
Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell grows on a similar substrate (Trichaptum
biforme, restricted to hardwoods) and has the same general appearance but is even
smaller; it also has ellipsoid, 2-celled spores.
Cladonia albonigra
This species, described from the Pacic Northwest (Brodo and Ahti 1996), is
an oceanic coastal lichen. Several specimens from New Brunswick are listed in
CNALH (2017) based on R.C. Harris collections deposited in NY. It is new to
Maine and New England. (Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte County, Lepreau
Parish, New River Beach Provincial Park, N end of Park, along New River just S of
NB780 crossing, gravelly berm on roadside, 45.17556°N 66.54333°W, R.C. Harris
56734, 1 May 2011 [NY]).
Cornutispora pyramidalis
This species, a parasite of Parmeliaceous foliose lichens, described from Spain
and France (Etayo 2010), is new for North America. The Maine specimen was
found growing on Parmelia squarrosa. Its triangular conidia resemble those of
Cornutispora triangularis Etayo & Diederich, a parasite of Pertusaria species

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(Etayo and Diederich 1995), but are much smaller (4–5 μm vs. 11–17 μm from one
apex to another in C. triangularis). There are also specimens of C. pyramidalis in
NY from Alabama, Connecticut, and West Virginia, as well as one from Parc Na-
tional de la Parc Gaspésie, QC, Canada. (Maine. Washington County: Cutler, Cutler
Public Reserve Land, Coastal Trail, R.C. Harris 54639, 4 July 2008 [NY]).
Ephebe solida
This species, a rare lichen throughout its range, was previously unrecorded
from Maine. In addition to the excellent description in Hinds and Hinds (2007),
we can add that the thick branches of E. solida (up to 260 µm in diam.) are solidly
pseudoparenchymatous. Other species have branches up to 150 µm in diam. and
have elongated cells in the center. (Maine, Washington County: 6.7 km northwest of
Cherryeld, at the end of Sprague Falls Road. Rocks along the Narraguagus River.
44°38'42"N, 67°59'39"W, elev. 32 m. I.M. Brodo 33436, 11 July 2016 [CANL]).
Epicladonia stenospora
This species, new for the North American list, was found growing on Cladonia
ochrochlora in a conifer forest. The conidia are 7.2–(8.1)–9 x 3.3–(3.9)–4.6 µm,
somewhat broader than those described by Hawksworth (1981). Other specimens
in NY are from Rockport, ME, as well as Tennessee and South Carolina. (Maine,
Washington County: Beals, Great Wass Island Preserve. R C. Harris 57524, 29 June
2012 [NY]).
Heterodermia neglecta
Most, if not all, of the northeastern material named as H. obscurata (Nyl.) Tre-
vis. because of a spotty orange lower surface, or H. japonica (M. Satô) Swinscow
& Krog (syn. H. propagulifera (Vain.) J.P. Dey) due to frequent production of
norstictic acid, has turned out to be the recently described H. neglecta (Lendemer
et al. 2007). Rather than having a uniformly orange lower surface as seen in H. ob-
scurata, the pigmentation of H. neglecta is limited to a few lobe tips. In addition,
most thalli contain norstictic acid (K+ red medulla); H. obscurata s. str. lacks that
compound and is southeastern. All 3 of the above taxa are discussed fully by Len-
demer et al. (2007).
Laeviomyces pertusariicola (syn. Lichenodiplis pertusariicola (Nyl.) Diederich)
Although Esslinger (2016) lists this name (under Lichenodiplis) as an “in-
correct record” based on Diederich (2003), the latter only contains a note on
its reclassification into the genus Laeviomyces. It should therefore be reinsta-
ted in the North American list. Its retention in Laeviomyces was supported by
Zhurbenko and Otte (2012).
Lambiella fuscosora (syn. Rimularia fuscosora Muhr & Tønsberg)
This species is new to North America and also to Ontario, Canada, as well as
the Eagle Hill area. Both specimens are sterile, so the determinations are tentative.
They are paler than the isotype, and the soralia are not as discrete, but they do have

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2017 Vol. 24, No. 3
some of the distinctive and diagnostic brown corticate soredia on the edges of the
soralia, which, however, contain mostly pale soredia. L. fuscosora is the only sore-
diate Lambiella on bark, and it contains norstictic acid alone, agreeing with our
results from thin-layer chromatography. This characteristic distinguishes it from
Buellia griseovirens, which contains atranorin as well as norstictic acid. The thal-
lus is brownish, especially noticeable on the Ontario specimen, which is on Betula
papyrifera, and agrees with the description (Muhr and Tønsberg 1989, Tønsberg
1992). Phlytis argena is a similar lichen when sterile, but it has a white thallus and
yellowish white soredia. (Maine, Hancock County: Black Mountain trail, just south
of Tunk Lake. 44º34'54"N, 68º06'25"W, elev. ~175–250 m. Acer forest grading into
Picea rubens at ~230 m. I.M. Brodo 31344, 12 August 2003. [CANL]; Canada,
Ontario: Algoma District, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Sand River Trail, Hwy.
17 by waterfalls. Mixed forest, 47°26'N, 84°44'W, on dead Betula papyrifera, S. &
S.D. Sharnoff 1118.06, 14 July 1993 [CANL]).
Lecanora chlarotera vs. L. rugosella and L. subrugosa vs. L. argentata
The North American species centered around L. chlarotera are in need of revi-
sion; for example, recent studies have supported the widespread opinion among
European lichenologists that L. rugosella is only a rugose form of L. chlarotera
(see especially Malíček 2014). The L. rugosella of North American authors appears
to be morphologically and chemically distinct, and preliminary genetic studies
support the conclusion that it may be different (J. Malíček, Academy of Sciences,
Institute of Botany, Prague, Czech Republic, unpubl. data); we are therefore list-
ing them both from Eagle Hill. On the other hand, we are tentatively accepting the
synonymy of L. subrugosa and L. argentata as suggested by Malíček (2014) despite
the fact that gangaleoidin appears to be almost constant in European specimens,
and North American specimens contain only roccellic acid (Brodo 1984, Malíček
2014). More work is clearly needed here as well.
Menegazzia subsimilis
Both M. subsimilis and M. terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. are known from New
England (Hinds and Hinds 2007) and Maritime Canada (unpublished Canadian
checklist in CANL), but only the former has so far been discovered in the Eagle
Hill area. Their distinctions are clearly described by Hinds and Hinds (2007) and
Brodo et al. (2001).
Monodictys epilepraria
This species, a new report for North America, was previously known only from
central Europe, Scotland, and Sweden (Kukwa and Diederich 2005). There are
unpublished records in NY from Pennsylvania, Connecticut, North Carolina, and
Michigan, and it is probably widespread at least in eastern North America (NYBG
2017). It produces brown muriform conidia over many species of Lepraria. (Maine,
Washington County: Steuben, Wilderness Shores, Dyer Neck, R.C. Harris 54762, 9
July 2008 [NY]).

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375
Muellerella polyspora
This species is new for North America and is among those in the genus with
non-septate spores, similar to M. hospitans Stizenb. (Ihlen & Wedin 2008). (Maine,
Washington County: Roque Island, 44°35'N, 67°32'W, open pasture with Acer,
Fagus, and Betula alleghaniensis, parasitic on Arthonia cf. radiata, I.M. Brodo
32932, 2 June 2011 [CANL]).
Mycoblastus afnis and M. alpinus
These species are synonymized by some (e.g., Brodo 2016) and kept sepa-
rate by others (e.g., Stenroos et al. 2016); so far, genetic results are inconclusive
(Spribille et al. 2011). The soralia of M. alpinus are more yellowish and the asci
are single-spored, compared to white soralia and 2-spored asci in M. afnis s. str.
Both morphotypes have been reported in the Eagle Hill region, but the voucher in
NY represents M. alpinus s. str.
Mycoblastus sanguinarioides
Recent genetic work on M. sanguinarius (L.) Norman by Spribille et al. (2011)
has revealed that what was previously thought to be an easily identied pan-boreal
lichen consists of at least 2 and probably more species. The species represented in the
Eagle Hill area, M. sanguinarioides, is one of these and is more common in the north-
east than M. sanguinarius s. str. It contains tiny crystals in the hymenium that are
birefringent in polarized light, and it produces rangiformic acid, rarely accompanied
by bourgeanic acid. Mycoblastus sanguinarius s. str. lacks hymenial crystals and ran-
giformic acid, producing instead bourgeanic acid in almost all specimens tested.
Myriolecis cf. schoeldii
This species is a fairly frequent lichen on maritime rocks from Washington to
Alaska, but it is very rare on eastern shores. It was recorded from Fundy National
Park in New Brunswick (Brodo 2010), but appears to be new for Maine and New
England. The voucher is not entirely typical, and so its nal conrmation should
await additional collections. (Maine, Washington County: McClellan Park, 7 km
S of Millbridge, 44°29'06"N, 67°51'09"W, rocky headlands and boulder beach at
shore, I.M. Brodo 32787, 26 Aug. 2010 [CANL]).
Parmotrema stuppeum
This species is mainly Appalachian. This is the rst published record for Maine
(J.W. Hinds, School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME,
pers. comm.). Although it has powdery marginal soredia and contains salazinic
acid like the similar P. reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy, P. stuppeum lacks whitish
reticulate maculae or cracks on the thallus surface. (Maine. Washington County:
Roque Island, on yellow birch, R.C. Harris, 26 May 2011 [det. D.H.S. Richardson]
(EgH)). Two more vouchers from Roque Island are in EgH, one collected by A.
VanDerwerker on Betula alleghaniensis Britton (Yellow Birch) in 2011 and one
collected by J.A. Moore on Fagus (beech) in 2016.

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2017 Vol. 24, No. 3
Pseudocyphellaria aff. perpetua
This species was previously included within P. crocata, but genetic studies
by Moncada et al. (2014) revealed several distinct lineages at the species level;
one corresponds to a recently described western population of P. perpetua Mc-
Cune & Miądl. (Miądlakowska et al. 2002), which is conspecic with the older
P. hawaiiensis H. Magn. (Moncada et al. 2014). The eastern population, which is
a close phenotypic match for P. perpetua, is still unnamed and is referred to here
as P. afn. perpetua, following Moncada et al. (2014). All Eagle Hill specimens
named as P. crocata have turned out to be this taxon.
Taeniolella cladinicola
This species, new to North America, was described and beautifully illustrated
by Alstrup (1993) from a Danish specimen on Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow.
The Eagle Hill specimen was growing on C. uncialis. (Maine, Washington Coun-
ty: Petit Manan Point, John Hollingsworth Trail, rock outcrops and mixed forest,
44°26'01"N, 67°53'21"W, 5 Sept. 2001 [DLH]).
Tremella coppinsii.
There are several records of this lichenicolous basidiomycete from Maine, as
well as Matane, QC, Canada, in the NYBG (2017) database collected by William
Buck or Richard Harris on Platismatia glauca. These are the rst published records
for North America. It is not uncommon in northern Europe and the UK (GBIF 2017).
(Maine, Washington County: Steuben, Eagle Hill Institute, R.C. Harris 57479, 27
June 2012 [NY]; Cutler, Cutler Public Reserve Land, W.R. Buck 53850A, 4 July
2008 [NY]. Canada, Quebec: M.R.C. de Matane, Réserve faunique de Matane, R.C.
Harris 58690, 3 July 2013 [NY]).
Summary
In all, 600 lichens and 82 lichenicolous and allied fungi have been recorded from
Eagle Hill Institute and its vicinity. Of the 682 taxa listed, 331 have been recorded
within the Institute’s boundary and 655 from its vicinity (27 taxa have only been re-
corded from within the Institute’s property, 351 taxa from only the vicinity, and 304
from both study areas); a further 66 taxa (53 lichens and 13 lichenicolous and allied
fungi) compiled from unveried class lists have been recorded from one or both of
the study areas but lack voucher material. Seven taxa (1 lichen and 6 lichenicolous
fungi) are additional to the North American checklist (cf. Esslinger 2017); notes
on these and some other interesting taxa are provided. The central part of coastal
Maine, which includes the Eagle Hill Institute, is clearly a hot-spot for lichen diver-
sity as revealed by the 25 years of annual seminars offered by the Institute and their
resulting collections. Impressive as the list above is in demonstrating this diversity,
it will undoubtedly grow as more courses focusing on different aspects of lichenol-
ogy are held in the coming years.

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Acknowledgments
We are extremely grateful to F. Anderson, W.R. Buck, S. Clayden, P. Clerc, A.M. Fryday,
J. Hinds, J.C. Lendemer, J. Malíček, F.C. Olday, S. Selva, D. Waters and V. Zoll for addi-
tional records or comments on the list, or for verifying vouchers. Without their help, it would
not have been possible to assemble this checklist. We are also grateful to James Hinds and an
anonymous reviewer for their very helpful comments on the manuscript; Norman Famous,
Wetlands and Wildlife Ecologist from Augusta, who has facilitated and often accompanied
lichen groups visiting Roque Island; and Greg Baker of the Maritime Provinces Spatial An-
alysis Research Centre, Saint Mary’s University for preparing Figure 1. Last, but not least,
we owe a great debt of gratitude to Joerg-Henner Lotze, Director of the Eagle Hill Institute,
for his nancial support and ongoing encouragement of lichen studies at Eagle Hill.
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