Content uploaded by P R Kumar
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by P R Kumar on Sep 21, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
123
EFFECT OF SEED ENHANCEMENT TREATMENTS ON
STORABILITY OF COTTON SEEDS
[GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM (L.)]
Girish Kaddi, Shiv. K. Yadav, S. K. Lal and Priya Ranjan Kumar
Division of Seed Science and Technology
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to assess the storage behavior of quality enhanced seeds of cot-
ton. Two varieties of cotton viz. H-1226 and H-1117 constituted the experimental mate-
rial for the study. Twenty five different seed enhancement treatments were investigated
for their efficacy in enhancing the vigor during storage and to identify the potential
treatment/s for enhancing vigour during storage. The treated seeds were stored for the
period of six months under ambient condition and evaluated at three months interval
for first count, germination (%), seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour. The
present studies revealed that the variety H-1226 showed relatively higher vigour com-
pare to H-1117 with respect to seed treatments. Among all the seed enhancement treat-
ments, Royalflo @ 5ml/kg and Thiram @ 2gm/kg + Imidachloprid @ 7.5ml/kg were
found to maintain significantly higher first count, germination (%), vigour index I and
vigour index II as compared to control after 6 months of storage.
Key words: Cotton, seed enhancement treatment, seed vigour, storability.
INTRODUCTION
Cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] is an im-
portant globally cultivated tropical crop of
Malvaceae family. It is subjected to several
biotic and abiotic constraints during its pro-
duction and reported to be damaged by as
many as 130 different species of insects and
mites in India (1). Field stand establishment
is one of the most critical stages and some-
times difficult period in cotton production.
Sub-optimal crop emergence and establish-
ment is a problem in crop production owing
to hot and/or wet soil conditions, resulting
in poor stands and making replanting nec-
essary. However, replanting is expensive
and further complicated by the use of herbi-
cides and insecticides, and may cause late
maturity. Seed treatments offer the growers
additional tools for use in their cotton pro-
duction system. In combination with supe-
rior varieties, seed treatments, whether fun-
gicidal or insecticidal, have the potential to
preserve value, reduce risk, and increase
the profit potential for cotton producers.
The standard fungicide package includes
active ingredients with efficacy directed
towards early season diseases which often
limit stand establishment and adversely af-
fect plant health, particularly under harsh
early season environments.
There is established role that seed enhance-
ment play in increasing the consistency of
seed performance and consequently, im-
proving harvested yield and quality. To
maintain the seed quality, it is advisable to
delint the seed and protect from pathogens
and insect pests during storage by polymer
coating, fungicide and insecticide treat-
ments. Seed vigour or physiological status
can be manipulated by hydration treatments
such as by priming and steeping. Polymer
coated cotton seeds initially inhibited the
Prog. Agric. 13(1) : 123-132 (2013)
Society for Recent Development in Agriculture
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
124
activity of catalase, peroxidase and rate of
seedling growth, but stimulated them at lat-
er stages (13). Polymer coating protects
seeds from imbibitional damage during hy-
dration through regulation of water uptake,
leading to the membrane damage and re-
duced seed leakage (11). and improved the
percent germination and seedling emer-
gence (5). The mungbean seeds treated with
deltamethrin + Thiram and stored in poly-
bag for 18 months recorded higher germi-
nation compared to control (7). The pearl
millet seeds treated with Thiram + malathi-
on and stored for 18 months recorded high-
er germination compared to control (14).
The eradication of fungal and bacterial seed
infections can be achieved through heat or
biocide treatments although there are chal-
lenges in operating these processes at an
industrial scale without jeopardizing viabil-
ity, vigour and shelf life. Cotton seed is rich
in oil and looses viability and vigour rapid-
ly in storage, being a poor storer. Moreover,
the storage potential of quality enhanced
seeds also varies with respect to crop as
well as the varieties. Hence, this study was
conducted to standardize the seed quality
enhancement technologies for maintaining
the quality of seeds during storage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiments were conducted in the la-
boratories of Division of Seed Science and
Technology, Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi during May – Novem-
ber, 2008. The pure seeds of two varieties
viz.; H-1226 and H-1117 of cotton were
procured from the Cotton section, Division
of Plant Breeding, HAU, Hissar, Haryana
(India). The seeds without visible defects,
insect damage and malformation were ana-
lyzed for their initial vigour status. A total
of 24 treatments, including priming, fungi-
cidal, insecticidal, and bactericidal and pol-
ymer coatings were attempted as alone or in
combination to identify the best individual
or combination of treatments among all
which could maintain the seed quality un-
der the ambient storage conditions as com-
pared to control. Twenty five treatments
namely; T0:Control, T1:Hydropriming with
Tap water @16hr soaking, T2: Hydroprim-
ing with Rain water @ 16 hr soaking,
T3:Thiram @ 2.0gm/kg, T4:Streptomycin@
1.0gm/kg, T5: Royalflo @ 5ml/kg, T6:
Thiram @ 2.0gm/kg + Imidachloprid @
7.5ml/kg, T7: Polymer I @5ml/kg, T8: Pol-
ymer II @ 5ml/kg, T9: Polymer I @ 5ml/kg
+ Hydropriming, T10:Polymer II @ 5ml/kg
+ Hydropriming, T11:Polymer I @5ml/kg +
Thiram @2.0gm/kg, T12:Polymer II @5ml/
kg + Thiram @ 2.0gm/kg, T13: Polymer I @
5ml/kg + Streptomycin @1.0gm/kg,
T14:Polymer II @ 5ml/kg + Streptomycin
@1.0gm/kg, T15:Polymer I @5ml/kg + Im-
idachloprid @ 7.5ml/kg, T16: Polymer II
@5ml/kg + Imidachloprid @ 7.5ml/kg, T1
7:Magnetic field Enhancement (MFE)
2500G for 1hr, T18:MEF @ 2500G for 1 hr
+ Thiram @2g/kg + Imidachloprid
@7.5ml/kg, T19:Ceolomic fluid @ 16hr
soaking, T20:Ceolomic fluid @16hr +
Thiram @2g/kg + Imidachloprid @7.5ml/
kg, T21:Varmiwash @ 16hr soaking,T22:
Vermiwash @ 16hr + Thiram @2g/kg +
Imidachloprid @7.5ml/kg, T23:Nutriwash
@16hr soaking, T24:Nutriwash @ 16hr +
Thiram @ 2g/kg + Imidachloprid @7.5ml/
kg were applied on twelve hundred seeds
each from pure fraction of the two varieties
viz.; H-1226 & H-1117. The treated seeds
were packed in brown paper bags and
stored for a period of six months under am-
bient conditions. The treated samples were
drawn at an interval of three months and
investigated for different seed quality pa-
rameters. The germination percentage was
determined by using the Between Paper
method (4). Four hundred seed from each
treatment were taken for the testing germi-
nation in laboratory. 50 seeds in eight rep-
licates of were put for germination and
placed in the germination chamber at 25°C.
The first count was taken after 4 days and
final count after 12 days of incubation. The
seedlings were categorized into normal
seedlings, abnormal seedlings, hard and
dead seeds. However, only the percentage
of normal seedlings was used to calculate
Kaddi et al.
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
125
Table 1: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on First count (%) and Germination (%) in Cotton varieties.
* Figures in parenthesis are the arc sign transformed values
Treatments First count (%) Germination (%)
H-1226 H-1117 Mean H-1226 H-1117 Mean
T0 60.00 60.00 60.00 67.00 65.00 66.00
(50.79) (50.79) (50.79) (54.97) (53.76) (54.36)
T1 64.00 58.00 61.00 71.00 67.00 69.00
(53.16) (49.63) (51.39) (57.45) (54.97) (56.20)
T2 63.00 60.00 61.50 71.00 67.00 69.00
(52.56) (50.80) (51.68) (57.45) (54.97) (56.20)
T3 65.00 65.00 65.00 71.00 71.00 71.00
(53.76) (53.76) (53.76) (57.45) (57.45) (57.45)
T4 55.00 54.00 54.50 64.00 59.00 61.50
(47.89) (47.33) (47.61) (53.16) (50.21) (51.67)
T5 63.00 64.00 63.50 73.00 71.00 72.00
(52.56) (53.16) (52.86) (58.72) (57.45) (58.08)
T6 66.00 63.00 64.50 73.00 72.00 72.50
(54.37) (52.58) (53.47) (58.72) (58.08) (58.40)
T7 61.00 59.00 60.00 68.00 65.00 66.50
(51.39) (50.21) (50.80) (55.58) (53.76) (54.66)
T8 63.00 56.00 59.50 69.00 63.00 66.00
(52.56) (48.47) (50.52) (56.20) (52.56) (54.36)
T9 62.00 57.00 59.50 68.00 65.00 66.50
(51.98) (49.06) (50.52) (55.58) (53.76) (54.66)
T10 61.00 63.00 62.00 71.00 69.00 70.00
(51.38) (52.56) (51.97) (57.45) (56.20) (56.82)
T11 60.00 62.00 61.00 70.00 70.00 70.00
(50.81) (51.98) (51.39) (56.82) (56.82) (56.82)
T12 64.00 64.00 64.00 72.00 71.00 71.50
(53.16) (53.16) (53.16) (58.08) (57.45) (57.76)
T13 61.00 57.00 59.00 69.00 66.00 67.50
(51.38) (49.06) (50.22) (56.20) (54.36) (55.27)
T14 64.00 61.00 62.50 70.00 69.00 69.50
(53.16) (51.38) (52.27) (56.82) (56.20) (56.51)
T15 61.00 61.00 61.00 69.00 71.00 70.00
(51.38) (51.38) (51.38) (56.20) (57.45) (56.82)
T16 61.00 64.00 62.50 70.00 72.00 71.00
(51.41) (53.16) (52.29) (56.82) (58.08) (57.45)
T17 60.00 57.00 58.50 68.00 64.00 66.00
(50.80) (49.05) (49.92) (55.58) (53.16) (54.36)
T18 62.00 60.00 61.00 70.00 67.00 68.50
(51.98) (50.79) (51.38) (56.82) (54.97) (55.89)
T19 65.00 59.00 62.00 71.00 66.00 68.50
(53.77) (50.21) (51.99) (57.45) (54.36) (55.89)
T20 66.00 63.00 64.50 72.00 71.00 71.50
(54.37) (52.58) (53.47) (58.08) (57.45) (57.76)
T21 58.00 60.00 59.00 65.00 67.00 66.00
(49.63) (50.80) (50.21) (53.76) (54.97) (54.36)
T22 59.00 59.00 59.00 66.00 67.00 66.50
(50.21) (50.22) (50.22) (54.36) (54.97) (54.66)
T23 57.00 59.00 58.00 64.00 65.00 64.50
(49.05) (50.21) (49.63) (53.16) (53.76) (53.46)
T24 58.00 61.00 59.50 65.00 67.00 66.00
(49.63) (51.38) (50.51) (53.76) (54.97) (54.36)
Mean 61.56 60.24 69.08 67.48
(51.71) (50.93) (56.26) (55.28)
C.D. (0.05%)
V: 0.69, T: 2.28, V X T: NS V: 0.67, T: 2.36, V X T: NS
Effect of seed enhancement treatments on storability of cotton seeds [gossypium hirsutum (l.)]
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
126
Table 2: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on First count (%) and Germination (%) in Cotton
varieties after 3 months of storage.
* Figures in parenthesis are the arc sign transformed values
Treatments First count (%) Germination (%)
H-1226 H-1117 Mean H-1226 H-1117 Mean
T0 62.00 55.00 58.50 63.00 56.00 59.50
(51.98) (47.91) (49.94) (52.56) (48.48) (50.52)
T1 51.00 45.00 48.00 52.00 47.00 49.50
(45.60) (42.14) (43.87) (46.17) (43.29) (44.73)
T2 54.00 42.00 48.00 53.00 41.00 47.00
(47.32) (40.41) (43.87) (46.74) (39.83) (43.28)
T3 61.00 58.00 59.50 62.00 60.00 61.00
(51.38) (49.63) (50.51) (51.98) (50.80) (51.39)
T4 58.00 50.00 54.00 58.00 51.00 54.50
(49.63) (45.02) (47.33) (49.63) (45.60) (47.61)
T5 61.00 64.00 62.50 64.00 63.00 63.50
(51.38) (53.19) (52.28) (53.16) (52.60) (52.88)
T6 62.00 63.00 62.50 64.00 65.00 64.50
(51.99) (52.58) (52.29) (53.19) (53.77) (53.48)
T7 58.00 51.00 54.50 59.00 54.00 56.50
(49.63) (45.60) (47.61) (50.21) (47.32) (48.77)
T8 58.00 57.00 57.50 60.00 59.00 59.50
(49.64) (49.06) (49.35) (50.81) (50.21) (50.51)
T9 51.00 43.00 47.00 51.00 45.00 48.00
(45.60) (40.99) (43.29) (45.60) (42.15) (43.87)
T10 46.00 34.00 40.00 49.00 36.00 42.50
(42.73) (35.61) (39.17) (44.45) (36.82) (40.64)
T11 58.00 60.00 59.00 61.00 63.00 62.00
(49.64) (50.79) (50.22) (51.39) (52.56) (51.98)
T12 60.00 63.00 61.50 64.00 64.00 64.00
(50.81) (52.56) (51.69) (53.19) (53.16) (53.18)
T13 59.00 56.00 57.50 59.00 57.00 58.00
(50.21) (48.50) (49.35) (50.22) (49.06) (49.64)
T14 55.00 59.00 57.00 57.00 61.00 59.00
(47.91) (50.21) (49.06) (49.07) (51.38) (50.23)
T15 54.00 55.00 54.50 58.00 57.00 57.50
(47.32) (47.89) (47.61) (49.63) (49.05) (49.34)
T16 56.00 54.00 55.00 57.00 56.00 56.50
(48.50) (47.33) (47.91) (49.07) (48.48) (48.78)
T17 54.00 54.00 54.00 57.00 55.00 56.00
(47.32) (47.32) (47.32) (49.05) (47.90) (48.47)
T18 61.00 55.00 58.00 63.00 57.00 60.00
(51.38) (47.91) (49.65) (52.56) (49.06) (50.81)
T19 59.00 58.00 58.50 62.00 59.00 60.50
(50.21) (49.63) (49.92) (51.98) (50.21) (51.09)
T20 60.00 59.00 59.50 62.00 62.00 62.00
(50.80) (50.22) (50.51) (51.99) (51.99) (51.99)
T21 54.00 56.00 55.00 53.00 52.00 52.50
(47.34) (48.50) (47.92) (46.75) (46.17) (46.46)
T22 51.00 50.00 50.50 54.00 51.00 52.50
(45.60) (45.02) (45.31) (47.33) (45.60) (46.46)
T23 52.00 46.00 49.00 56.00 51.00 53.50
(46.17) (42.72) (44.45) (48.48) (45.60) (47.04)
T24 61.00 60.00 60.50 59.00 58.00 58.50
(51.38) (50.79) (51.09) (50.21) (49.63) (49.92)
Mean 56.64 53.88 58.28 55.20
(48.84) (47.25) (49.82) (49.63)
C.D. (0.05%)
V: 1.05, T: 3.72, V X T: NS
V: 1.04, T: 3.67, V X T: NS
Kaddi et al.
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
127
Table 3: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on First count (%) and Germination (%) in Cotton
varieties after 6 months of storage.
* Figures in parenthesis are the arc sign transformed values
Treatments First count (%) (6m) Germination (%)(6m)
H-1226 H-1117 Mean H-1226 H-1117 Mean
T0 55.00 49.00 52.00 56.00 50.00 53.00
(47.91) (44.45) (46.18) (48.50) (45.02) (46.76)
T1 34.00 30.00 32.00 39.00 33.00 36.00
(35.65) (33.22) (34.43) (38.66) (35.06) (36.86)
T2 37.00 28.00 32.50 41.00 29.00 35.00
(37.47) (31.95) (34.71) (39.83) (32.60) (36.22)
T3 55.00 51.00 53.00 59.00 53.00 56.00
(47.91) (45.60) (46.75) (50.26) (46.74) (48.50)
T4 40.00 49.00 44.50 41.00 50.00 45.50
(39.25) (44.45) (41.85) (39.83) (45.02) (42.43)
T5 60.00 59.00 59.50 63.00 60.00 61.50
(50.81) (50.22) (50.52) (52.58) (50.80) (51.69)
T6 63.00 61.00 62.00 65.00 62.00 63.50
(52.58) (51.45) (52.01) (53.77) (52.02) (52.90)
T7 56.00 41.00 48.50 58.00 44.00 51.00
(48.48) (39.83) (44.16) (49.64) (41.57) (45.61)
T8 64.00 49.00 56.50 64.00 50.00 57.00
(53.19) (44.45) (48.82) (53.19) (45.02) (49.10)
T9 48.00 38.00 43.00 48.00 37.00 42.50
(43.88) (38.07) (40.97) (43.88) (37.48) (40.68)
T10 51.00 11.00 31.00 52.00 11.00 31.50
(45.60) (19.36) (32.48) (46.17) (19.36) (32.77)
T11 49.00 50.00 49.50 54.00 52.00 53.00
(44.45) (45.02) (44.74) (47.32) (46.17) (46.75)
T12 56.00 49.00 52.50 55.00 48.00 51.50
(48.50) (44.45) (46.47) (47.91) (43.88) (45.89)
T13 44.00 43.00 43.50 45.00 43.00 44.00
(41.56) (41.00) (41.28) (42.15) (41.00) (41.57)
T14 46.00 56.00 51.00 50.00 58.00 54.00
(42.71) (48.48) (45.60) (45.02) (49.63) (47.33)
T15 49.00 46.00 47.50 54.00 47.00 50.50
(44.45) (42.72) (43.58) (47.33) (43.29) (45.31)
T16 51.00 58.00 54.50 53.00 57.00 55.00
(45.60) (49.63) (47.61) (46.74) (49.06) (47.90)
T17 50.00 37.00 43.50 55.00 36.00 45.50
(45.02) (37.48) (41.25) (47.89) (36.88) (42.39)
T18 58.00 47.00 52.50 58.00 50.00 54.00
(49.63) (43.30) (46.47) (49.63) (45.02) (47.33)
T19 47.00 46.00 46.50 48.00 46.00 47.00
(43.30) (42.72) (43.01) (43.88) (42.72) (43.30)
T20 58.00 55.00 56.50 59.00 55.00 57.00
(49.63) (47.89) (48.76) (50.21) (47.90) (49.06)
T21 46.00 39.00 42.50 45.00 39.00 42.00
(42.73) (38.66) (40.69) (42.15) (38.66) (40.41)
T22 58.00 48.00 53.00 60.00 48.00 54.00
(49.64) (43.88) (46.76) (50.81) (43.88) (47.34)
T23 50.00 36.00 43.00 49.00 35.00 42.00
(45.02) (36.88) (40.95) (44.45) (36.29) (40.37)
T24 55.00 45.00 50.00 56.00 45.00 50.50
(47.91) (42.15) (45.03) (48.48) (42.15) (45.31)
Mean 51.20 44.84 53.08 45.52
(47.72) (41.89) (46.82) (42.29)
C.D. (0.05%)
V: 1.02, T: 3.63, V X T: 5.14
V: 0.96, T: 3.40, V X T: 4.81
Effect of seed enhancement treatments on storability of cotton seeds [gossypium hirsutum (l.)]
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
128
standard germination (%).The seedling
length was measured on linear scale from
10 normal seedlings, which were randomly
selected from the standard germination test.
The product of the seedling length and ger-
mination percentage was tabulated for esti-
mation of Vigour index I. For determination
of the seedling dry weight, ten normal seed-
lings from each replicate of the germination
test were selected at random and kept for
oven drying, overnight at 80°C temperature.
The dried seedlings were weighed and the
values were multiplied with germination
percentage for calculation of the Vigour
index II. The vigor indices were computed
by adopting method given by (1). The data
was analyzed using the software SPSS 10.0
and the critical differences (CD) among
Fig. 1: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on
seedling length (cm) of var. H-1226 during stor-
age
Fig. 2: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on
seedling length (cm) of var. H-1117 during storage
Effect of seed enhancement treatments on seedling length (cm) and seedling dry weight (gm) in Cot-
ton varieties during storage
Fig. 3: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on
seedling dry weight (gm) of var. H-1226 during
storage
Fig. 4: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on
seedling dry weight (gm) of var. H-1117 during
storage
Kaddi et al.
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
129
treatments for each trait were calculated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Seed Germination
Two cotton varieties i.e. H-1226 and H-
1117 were subjected to different seed en-
hancement treatments and tested against
the control. The data recorded for initial
first count (%) and germination (%) have
been depicted in Table 1. Both the varieties
were significantly different with respect to
first count and germination percentage. Va-
riety H-1226 was found to have a higher
first count (61.56%) as well as germination
(69.08%) than the variety H-1117 with
60.24 % first count and 67.48 % germina-
tion. The treatments viz.; T3 (65.00), T6
(64.50), T12 (64.00) and T20 (64.50) record-
ed significantly increased the first count%
over T0 (60.00). the initial germination was
significantly improved over T0 (66.00) by
T5 (72.00), T6 (72.50), T10 (70.00), T11
(70.00), T15 (70.00) and T20 (71.50) treat-
ments. This observation reveals that the
simple treatments of seeds before sowing
with Thiram, Royal flo, Thiram + Imida-
chloprid and Ceolomic fluid may increase
the seed germination resulting in better
plant stand. The Thiram alone and in com-
bination with carbendazim (2.5g/kg of
seed) was found to be more effective in
improving the germination and reducing
pre and post mortality as compared to con-
trol in cotton (1). The cotton seeds treated
with Thiram + Carboxin have effectively
overcome the pre and post emergent damp-
ing off and also increased field emergence
(15).
The data recorded for first count (%) and
germination (%) after three months of stor-
age have been shown in Table 2. Variety H
-1226 resulted in higher first count
(56.64%) and germination (58.28%) than
variety H-1117 (53.88% first count and
55.20% germination). The treatments T5,
T6 and T12 resulted in highest germination
(64.00%) and first count. The data record-
ed for first count (%) and germination (%)
after six months of storage have been
shown in Table 3. Variety H-1226 resulted
in higher first count (51.20%) and germina-
Fig: 5 Effect of seed enhancement treatments on vigor index I (VI) during storage
Effect of seed enhancement treatments on storability of cotton seeds [gossypium hirsutum (l.)]
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
130
tion (53.08%) than variety H-1117 which
showed 44.84% first count and 45.52% ger-
mination. The treatments T5 and T6 were
found best for maintaining the first count
and germination.
However a decrease in first count and ger-
mination percentage of hydro primed seeds
was observed during storage. Similarly, re-
duction in storage life of lettuce and tomato
seeds was observed after hydro priming
treatment (6). The treatments like Royal flo
and Thiram + Imidachlophrid were
maintained significantly high first count
and germination. These results are in
conformity with the reports, the seeds of
cowpea treated with Thiram recorded
higher germination (75.00%) compared to
control (72.00%) after 28 months of storage
(3). Wheat seeds treated with Malathion +
Carboxin and recorded lowest insect infes-
tation over control after six months of stor-
age period (8). Further mungbean seeds
treated with Deltamethrin + Thiram and
stored in polybag for 18 months recorded
higher germination compared to control
(16). Similarly, maize seeds treated with
Captan + Deltamethrin (1:1) reduce the ac-
tivity of Rhizopertha dominica over a peri-
ode of 18 months of storage (7).
Seedling length and dry weight
The data for seedling length (cm) and dry
weight (gm) has been depicted in Figs. 1-4.
Significant differences were observed for
seedling length between the varieties H-
1226 and H-1117. However, no significant
differences were observed between the vari-
eties with respect to seedling dry weight.
Variety H-1226 was characterized by great-
er seedling length (27.31cm) than variety H
-1117 (25.45cm). Significant increase in
seedling length was observed in T3 (27.45),
T4 (26.60), T5 (28.53), T6 (28.19), T8
(27.20), T12 (27.24), T14 (25.84), T15 (26.28),
T16 (27.32), T17 (29.66), T18 (29.26), T20
(26.76) and T22 (26.62) treatments over T0
(25.56). Similarly, seedling dry weight was
significantly increased over T0 (0.167) by
T1 (0.211), T2 (0.201), T5 (0.193), T6
(0.190), T14 (0.190), T23 (0.196) and T24
(0.195) treatments.
The data for seedling length (cm) and dry
weight (gm) after three months of storage
have been shown in Figs. 1-4. Variety H-
1226 recorded higher seedling length
Fig: 6 Effect of seed enhancement treatments on vigor index II (VII) during storage
Kaddi et al.
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
131
(26.23cm) than the variety H-1117
(24.69cm). Significant increase in seedling
length over T0 (25.47) was observed in T5
(27.69), T6 (27.25), T17 (29.30) and T18
(28.58). On the other hand, seedling dry
weight was significantly high over T0
(0.148) in case of T3 (0.174), T4 (0.184), T5
(0.188), T6 (0.188), T9 (0.166), T12 (0.171),
T13 (0.165), T14 (0.183), T15 (0.165), T16
(0.162), T17 (0.159), T18 (0.171), T19
(0.177), T20 (0.174), T21 (0.163), T22
(0.182), T23 (0.167) and T24 (0.163)
treatments.
The data for seedling length (cm) and dry
weight (gm) after six months of storage
have been shown in Fig. 1-4. Variety H-
1226 exhibited higher seedling length
(26.30cm) than the variety H-1117
(24.46cm). A significant increase in seed-
ling length was observed over T0 (25.31) in
T5 (27.85), T6 (27.70), T17 (29.55) and T18
(28.51). Further, seedling dry weight was
significantly increased over T0 (0.161) in T4
(0.178), T11 (0.178), T13 (0.178), T17 (0.178)
and T22 (0.174) treatments.
The seedling length and dry weight were
positively influenced when seeds were
treated with Royal flo, Thiram + Imida-
chlophrid, Magnetic enhancement and
Magnetic enhancement + Thiram + Imida-
chlophrid during storage. The cowpea seeds
treated with BHC + Dithane M-45 recorded
higher germination (99.0%) and dry weight
of seedlings (0.690g) compared to control
(43% and 0.613g), respectively after six
months of storage (17).
Vigour index I and II
The vigour index I and II are considered as
indicators of seed vigour, as they reflect the
performance of seed lot in the field. The
data recorded for vigour index (VI) I and II
of both the varieties is depicted in Figs. 5 &
6. The initial data reveals VI-I and VI-II
followed a similar trend in T4, T5, T6, T7,
T8, T11, T12, T13, T14, T16, T19, T21, T22, T23,
and T24 treatments. After three months of
storage, significant increase in VI -I over T0
(1518) was observed in T5 (1761) and T6
(1757),). Similarly, VI -II exhibited higher
values in T3 (10.62), T4 (10.03), T5 (11.96),
T6 (12.11), T12 (10.93), T14 (10.78), T18
(10.29), T19 (10.70), and T20 (10.75) as
compared to over T0 (8.84). After six mon-
ths of storage, significantly higher VI -I
was observed in T5 (1717), T6 (1760) and
T18 (1543) over T0 (1340). Also, VI -II was
significantly better in case of T5 (11.00) and
T6 (10.83) than T0 (8.55). The treatments
like Royal flo and Thiram + Imidachlophrid
were able to maintain significantly higher
vigor indices upto six months of storage.
The findings are in conformity with the re-
sults in wheat seeds treated with Captan @
2.00 g per kg and BHC @ 10 per cent dust
and found to be the best protectant in main-
taining viability and vigour of seeds during
storage (10).
CONCLUSION
Seed enhancement is a means of reducing
the inherent variation in seed to release its
genetic potential. Hence, it is vital that the
variation between seeds and seed lots is ful-
ly characterized while developing a new
technology. From the present studies, it was
concluded that the germination percentage,
seedling length, seedling dry weight and
vigour indices, of quality enhanced cotton
seeds treated with Royal flo @ 5ml/kg or
Thiram @ 2gm/kg + Imidachlophrid @
7.5ml/kg could be well maintained for a
storage period up to six months.
REFERENCES
1. Abdul- Baki, A A and J D Anderson
(1973). Vigour determination in soy-
bean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci.
13: 630-632.
2. Agarwal R A, G P Gupta and D O Garg
(1984). Cotton pest management in In-
dia, Delhi, pp: 1-19.
3. Alvarado A D and K J Bradford (1988).
Priming and storage of tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds. 1.
Effects of storage temperature on ger-
Effect of seed enhancement treatments on storability of cotton seeds [gossypium hirsutum (l.)]
www.IndianJournals.com
Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 203.129.217.46 on dated 21-Sep-2017
132
minate rate and viability. Seed Sci. and
Technol. 16: 601-612.
4. Anonymous (2008). Handbook of
ISTA, Zurich, Switzerland.
5. Chachalis D and M L Smith (2001). Hy-
drophobic polymer application reduces
imbibition rate and partially improves
germination or emergence of soybean
seedlings. Seed Sci. & Technol. 29(1):
91-98.
6. Chitarra Luiz Gonzaga, Augusto César
Pereira Goulart and Maria de Fátima
Zorato (2009). Cottonseeds treatment
with fungicides for the control of
seedling damping-off pathogens.
Revista Brasileira de Sementes. 31(1):
168-176.
7. Gupta G P, N P Agniotri, K Sharma, V
T Gajbhiye and K Sharma (1998). Bio-
efficacy and residue of imidachloprid in
cotton. Pesticide Res. Journal. 10(2):
149-154.
8. Gupta A and Dharamsingh (1990). Via-
bility of fungicide treated seeds of
mungbean and cowpea in storage. Seed
Res. 18(1): 70-76.
9. Gupta H C, S K Sharma, I J Gupta, K C
Goyal and S N Sharma (1998). Effect of
pesticides and packaging material on
bruchid control and viability of mung-
bean seeds. Seed Res. 26(2): 168-17
10. Hunje R V, G N Kulkarni, S D
Shashidhara and B S Vyakaranahal
(1990). Effect of insecticide and fungi-
cide treatment on cowpea seed quality.
Seed Res. 18: 90-92.
11. Ni B R and A L Biddle (2001). Alliva-
tion of seed imbibition chilling injury
using polymer coating. Seed Treatment
Challenges and opportunities. Proceed-
ings of international symposium, UK,
13: 73-80.
12. Paul S R, A K Choudary and S C Dey
(1992). Effect of different containers,
seed protectants and periods of storage
on viability and vigour of stored wheat
seeds. Seed Res. 20(1): 14-17.
13. Ruban I N, G I Borodin and S H Ra-
shidova (1983). Effect of polymer com-
position on some physiological indices
of growth and development of cotton
seedlings. Doklady Akademii Nauk Uz-
bekskoi SR. 11: 35-37.
14. Srimathi P, K Malarkodi and G Sasthri
(2001). Influence of fungicides and in-
secticides on storability of pearl millet
seeds. Madras Agric. Journal. 88(1-3):
16-21.
15. Solanke R B, Kore S S and L N Jawale
(1996). Effect of seed treatment with
fungicides on viability and mycoflora
during storage of cotton seeds. J. of Ma-
harashtra Argic. Uni. 21(1): 164-165.
16. Sinha S N and P B Singh (1998). Effect
of containers and joint action of insecti-
cides and fungicides on insect infesta-
tion and viability of wheat seeds. Seed
Res. 26(2): 161-167.
17. Sunil S M, G Ashok, S N Singh, G
Madhuban, J P Sinha and O K Sharma
(2004). Persistence and efficacy of seed
protectants on maize seed stored ambi-
ent and controlled conditions. Seed Res.
32(1): 76-83.
Kaddi et al.
Receiving : October, 2012; Revised : January, 2013; Accepted : June, 2013
