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Evaluation of Total Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Methanolic Extract from Allium Kharputense Freyn et. Sint. and Determination of Mineral and Trace Elements
Abstract
Allium kharputense Freyn Et. Sint. (A. kharputense) was analyzed for total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, chemical composition and mineral and trace element composition. Total polyphenol content was determined as 257 mg GA 100 g-1 dried weight by using Folin-Ciocalteu method. DPPH test was performed for antioxidant activity analysis. IC50 values of gallic acid and Trolox were determined as 0.02642 mg mL-1 and 0.225 mg mL-1, respectively. IC50 value of A. kharputense was found as 2.186 mg mL-1. DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of extract from 1 mg of A. kharputense was determined 0.01207 mg GAE and 0.1029 mg TrE, respectively. GC-MS was used to determine chemical composition. Dimethyl trisulfide, methyl (methylthio)methyl disulfide, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 4-vinylphenol, 2-Phenylpyrrole, norharmane, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, γ-Tocopherol and α-Tocopherol are some of 40 compounds which were detected in methanolic extracts of A. Kharputense. 20 Mineral and trace elements were determined along with their levels by ICP-MS using microwave digestion procedure for preparing acid extracts.
... In general, when evaluating the antioxidant capacity of an extract, more than one assay method, selected from approved and widely reported ones, such as total phenolic content analysis by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), should be applied (Yabalak and Gizir 2017;Yabalak et al. 2020). Thus, Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH methods were used in this work. ...
... Because of the colored structure of methanolic or ethanolic solutions of the DDPH reagent, DPPH assays are provided at maximum UV-Vis irradiation of 517 nm. Folin reagent with maximum absorption at 700 nm is used in the Folin-Ciocalteu test (Yabalak and Gizir 2017). ...
... The total phenolic content of V. pseudoholotrichum extracts was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method as referred by Yabalak and Gizir (2017). In details, 1 mL of Folin-Ciocalteu phenolic reagent was mixed well with 1 mL of stock solution in a test tube. ...
Given that some Verbascum species are effective against influenza viruses, an endemic species, Verbascum pseudoholotrichum. is thought to have the potential to be used in the treatment of virucidal diseases. It was extensively investigated for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, chemical and trace element composition. The soxhlet extraction method was applied in the extraction process of the above-ground parts of the plant using three solvents (methanol, ethanol and water). The total phenolic content of extracts was between 175.7-186.1 mg GAE/100 g on the dried weight basis. DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis was performed and IC50 values were 0.539-1.254 mg mL−1. In total, 38 compounds were detected by GC-MS analysis. ICP-MS analysis was applied to identify the total contents of 24 elements in dried samples. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated on six different pathogens using the spectrophotometric microdilution technique. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration values were 17.37u-113.9 µg mL−1 at the end of the 24-hour incubation. The highest and lowest inhibition zones were 5.0 mm and 0.3 mm for ethanol extract against B. subtilis and water extract against E. fecalis, respectively, and no resistance was shown against E. coli using disc diffusion method.
... The total phenolic content of P. anisum extracts was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method as referred by Yabalak and Gizir (2017). Briefly, 1 mL of Folin-Ciocalteu phenolic reagent was mixed well with 1 mL of stock solution in a test tube. ...
In this work, the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum seeds was obtained by six different extraction methods. In the chemical composition analysis, 4, 6, 4, 1, 20, and 8 compounds were detected in the extracts obtained by Soxhlet, Ultrasonic-assisted (UAE), hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus (HDC), subcritical water extraction (SWE), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (ScCO2) using three solvents (methanol (ScCO2-Met), ethanol (ScCO2-Et), and hexane (ScCO2-H)) and supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (ScR134a) methods, respectively. Also, the performances of the applied methods were compared by analysing the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Anethole was the main component of all extracts obtained by SWE (94.5%) and Soxhlet (94.5%) methods, respectively. Also, TPC values were the highest (508.5 mg GAE/100 g kb) in ScR134a extract and the lowest (27.77 mg GAE/100 g kb) in HDC extracts. The antioxidant capacity was found to be the highest in ScCO2-H (IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL) and the lowest in Soxhlet extracts (IC50 = 0.07 mg/mL). The results showed the great effectiveness of eco-friendly extraction SWE, ScCO2-Et, and ScR134a methods.
... Free radicals play an important role in degenerative diseases such as a weakened immune system, some brain problems and cancers (60,(61)(62)(63). Free radicals can also cause deterioration of nutrition and medication (61). ...
Pimpinella plants have traditionally been used to treat many diseases related to respiratory system
and have analgesic, antidepressant, and antispasmodic effects. They belong to the Umbelliferae
family and grow in dry rocky places, rock crevices, meadows, mountain pastures, and grasslands.
This review contains a summary of all extraction methods of different Pimpinella species from 2003
to 2020. Most of the studies focused on the main components of essential oils. They also indicated
that the presence of the anethol and its isomers in the essential oils leads to its antioxidant,
antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Also, recent studies suggested that essential oil of
Pimpinella anisum L. medicinal plants prevents infection of COVID-19 virus and treats mild infections. However, few studies have demonstrated the toxicity of some Pimpinella species, most
confirmed the anti-cancer effect of many species and the safe use of different Pimpinella species
at moderate doses.
... Sumac plant is one of these valuable plant types not only rich in nutrients but also used as a raw material for medicines for many years (Sutyemez et al., 2019). On the other hand, this demand poses a risk for these plants; the demand for these plants especially wild-growing and endemic types may lead to deformation in ecosystem structure and potentially to an extinction (Ahmadian-Attari et al., 2016;Toghyani and Faghan, 2017;Farzanegan-Gharabolagh et al., 2018;Yabalak and Gizir, 2017;Sutyemez et al., 2019). ...
The present research aimed to study the total phenolics, total anthocyanins, total antioxidants, aroma profile, organic acids, and carbohydrate contents of 15 sumac genotypes selected from Kahramanmaras province of Turkey. Total phenols and anthocyanins were spectrophotometrically assessed. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the genotypes. Volatile component profiles were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS while organic acids and carbohydrates were assessed by HPLC techniques. Total phenolic content of the genotypes varied from 36.38 (46SMC02) to 58.66 mg/g dw (46SMC10). Total anthocyanin content ranged from 10.87 (46SMC12) to 119.74 mg/L (46SMC05). The total antioxidant capacity was in the range of 73.37 (46SMC07) and 77.00 % (46SMC06). A total of 26 volatile compounds were distinctly detected from the genotypes: 11 volatile compounds were classified as alcohols, 7 as terpenes, 6 as aldehydes and 2 as ketones. L-ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and malic acid volumes were detected in the genotypes and their quantity ranged from 2.13 to 40.3, 1.3 to 2.9, 49.8 to 95.1 and 1360 to 2800 respectively. Sucrose quantity was found to vary between 1.41 (46SMC14) and 5.85 % (46SMC01), glucose between the detection limit (46SMC01, 46SMC13 and 46SMC15) and 0.73 % (46SMC09), xylose between 8.53 (46SMC14) and 30.17 % (46SMC09) and fructose between an undetected value (46SMC09, 46SMC10 and 46SMC11) and 1.93 % (46SMC13). The results presented here indicate that sumac fruit is a good source of nutritious compounds that may be used directly as a food source or food additives.
... Bu türler dünya çapında yüzyıllardır ekonomik, besinsel ve geleneksel tıbbi yararları için kullanılmaktadır. Birçok araştırmacı, Allium türlerinin antimikrobiyal, antitümör antifungal, antibakteriyel, kemopreventif, antihipertansif antikanser ve antikoagülan aktivitesi dâhil olmak üzere farmakolojik ve terapötik etkileri açısından araştırmıştır [13]. ...
In this study, metal contents of Na, K, Mg, Fe, Al, Se, Li, Ba, Be, Cu, Co,
Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, B, Mo, and Ti elements of species Allium kharputense, Allium pseudo ampeloprasum, Allium rhetoreanum, Allium shatakiense, Allium vineale, Eremurus spectabilis, Fritillaria persica, and Tulipa sintenisii the geophytes which is edible and used as ornamental plants were determined by ICP-MS. Samples consisting of the above-ground parts of the species used in the study were prepared by adding concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the microwave solubilization process before being analyzed by ICP-MS. When all species are evaluated according to the metal analysis results of the species used in the study, Na (3054 mg/kg) and Ba (52.68 mg/kg) of A. kharputensenspecies, K (60065 mg/kg), Cu (18.58 mg/kg), Zn (68.14 mg/kg) and Mo (2.65 mg/kg) of F. persica species, Fe (2285 mg/kg) Cr (8.19 mg/kg), Mn (91.89 mg/kg), Ni (14.82 mg/kg), Pb (3.24 mg/kg), Mg (30505 mg/kg), Al (2556 mg/kg), Ti (183 mg/kg), Se (49.56 mg/kg), Li (2.69 mg/kg), Be (0.05 mg/kg) and Co ( 2.58 mg/kg) of T. sintenisii species, Cd (4.69 mg/kg) of A. vineale species, B (255 mg/kg) of E. spectabilis species were determined
to have higher metal contents. While Cd content of A. rhetoreanum, A. shatakiense, A. vineale, E. spectabilis, F. persica and T. sintenisii species
were higher than WHO, Pb contents were found to be low.
57 taxa of the genus Allium, which is in the Amaryllidaceae family, are naturally distributed in Turkey. Among these taxa, the Allium kharputense species is called "soryaz" by the people in the Siirt region. This species is used by the public for both food and therapeutic purposes.
In this study, an extract of Soryaz plant with 80% ethanol was prepared. Total phenolic content and DPPH analysis of the obtained extract were made. All study results were calculated over a concentration of 1 mg/mL. According to the results of the analysis, the %DPPH value of the ethanol extract was determined as 71.98±1.17 and the total phenolic (Gallic acid equivalent) content was determined as 25.33±0.01. In addition, the elemental content of the species was determined by ICP-MS. According to the results of this analysis; While Co, As, Se, Sb, La, Ce, Tl and Pb element values are at ppb level; Elemental values of Li, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Ba were found to be at the level of 1-10 ppm, and elemental values of B, Ti, Mn and Sr were found to be between 10-50 ppm. The values of P, Fe, Na, Mg, K and Ca elements were found at the level of mg/g.
57 taxa of the genus Allium, which is in the Amaryllidaceae family, are naturally distributed in Turkey. Among these taxa, the Allium kharputense species is called "soryaz" by the people in the Siirt region. This species is used by the public for both food and therapeutic purposes.
In this study, an extract of Soryaz plant with 80% ethanol was prepared. Total phenolic content and DPPH analysis of the obtained extract were made. All study results were calculated over a concentration of 1 mg/mL. According to the results of the analysis, the %DPPH value of the ethanol extract was determined as 71.98±1.17 and the total phenolic (Gallic acid equivalent) content was determined as 25.33±0.01. In addition, the elemental content of the species was determined by ICP-MS. According to the results of this analysis; While Co, As, Se, Sb, La, Ce, Tl and Pb element values are at ppb level; Elemental values of Li, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Ba were found to be at the level of 1-10 ppm, and elemental values of B, Ti, Mn and Sr were found to be between 10-50 ppm. The values of P, Fe, Na, Mg, K and Ca elements were found at the level of mg/g.
57 taxa of the genus Allium, which is in the Amaryllidaceae family, are naturally distributed in Turkey. Among these taxa, the Allium kharputense species is called "soryaz" by the people in the Siirt region. This species is used by the public for both food and therapeutic purposes.
In this study, an extract of Soryaz plant with 80% ethanol was prepared. Total phenolic content and DPPH analysis of the obtained extract were made. All study results were calculated over a concentration of 1 mg/mL. According to the results of the analysis, the %DPPH value of the ethanol extract was determined as 71.98±1.17 and the total phenolic (Gallic acid equivalent) content was determined as 25.33±0.01. In addition, the elemental content of the species was determined by ICP-MS. According to the results of this analysis; While Co, As, Se, Sb, La, Ce, Tl and Pb element values are at ppb level; Elemental values of Li, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Ba were found to be at the level of 1-10 ppm, and elemental values of B, Ti, Mn and Sr were found to be between 10-50 ppm. The values of P, Fe, Na, Mg, K and Ca elements were found at the level of mg/g.
The aim of the present work was the comparison of antimicrobial activity, mechanism and components of the ethanol extract (EE) from Lentinula edodes Berk (Pegler) and Agaricus bisporus Sing (Lange). The main component of EE of A. bisporus was dianhydromannitol (20.1%), while isosorbide/dianhydromannitol (21.8%) was detected at a high rate in L. edodes ethanol extract by GC-MS . The common phenolic acids were determined as chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, abscisic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid in both mushroom extract by HPLC-MWD . The MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration) of L. edodes EE on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Acinetobacter baumannii were between 5.1 mg ml-1 and 6.01 mg ml-1, while MICs of A. bisporus EE on the pathogens were between 5.8 mg ml-1 and 9.54 mg ml-1. The highest DRA decrease was in E. faecalis (69.1%) for L. edodes and S. aureus (71.0%) for A. bisporus in the 20th minute. As a result, L. edodes and A. bisporus have a similar antibacterial effect on the pathogens, and this inhibition effect caused DNA, protein leakage and destruction of permeability of bacterial cell membrane by bioactive molecules in mushroom extract.
Rhododendron molle G. Don is a well‐known traditional medicine which has been used to treat rheumatic inflammation. In this study, an inflammatory model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells was established to analyze the anti‐inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of the methanol extract of R.molle leaves (RLE). The production of NO and the expression of tumor necrosis factor by LPS were detected by Griess reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, COX‐2 and iNOS was measured by qRT‐PCR assay. Griess and qRT‐PCR showed that the RLE could significantly concentration‐dependently inhibit NO production and the expression of many pro‐inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory‐related enzymes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that RLE could inhibit LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages activation. The protein level of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were decreased over 50% at 100 µg/ml of RLE, detected by ELISA. These results indicated that RLE had strong anti‐inflammatory and immune activity.
Abstract Owing to the importance of antioxidants in the protection of both natural and man-made materials, a large variety of testing methods has been proposed and applied. These include methods based on inhibited autoxidation studies, which are better followed by monitoring the kinetics of oxygen consumption or that of formation of hydroperoxides, the primary oxidation products. Analytical determination of secondary oxidation products (e.g. carbonyl compounds) has also been used. The majority of testing methods, however, does not involve substrate autoxidation. They are based on the competitive bleaching of a probe (e.g. ORAC assay, β-carotene and crocine bleaching assays, luminol assay), on reaction with a different probe (e.g. spin-trapping and TOSC assay), or they are indirect methods based on the reduction of persistent radicals (e.g. galvinoxyl, DPPH and TEAC assays), or of inorganic oxidizing species (e.g. FRAP, CUPRAC and Folin-Ciocalteu assays). Yet other methods are specific for preventive antioxidants. The relevance, advantages and limitations of these methods are critically discussed stepping from their chemistry and the mechanisms of antioxidant activity. A variety of cell-based assays has also been proposed to investigate the biological activity of antioxidants. Their importance and critical aspects are discussed, along with arguments for the selection of the appropriate testing methods, according to the different needs.