Typification of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae) published by L.A. Nilsson

Abstract

A nomenclatural revision of fifteen taxa of Xyris (Xyridaceae) described by L.A. Nilsson (1892) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus in Brazil. All the protologues and type collections of these taxa were studied. The type collections were examined in the respective herbarium collections where they are preserved and complemented by images available on herbarium websites and from JSTOR Global Plants. Lectotypes were selected for Xyris cristata L.A.Nilsson, X. glaziowii L.A.Nilsson and X. insignis L.A.Nilsson. The holotypes, of X. glandacea L.A.Nilsson and X. stenophylla L.A.Nilsson, were discovered at the herbaria of Uppsala (UPS) and Berlin (B) respectively, and provided with their correct determinations.

Full text

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 65
Typification of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus
(Xyridaceae) published by L.A. Nilsson
Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley1
1 Instituto de Botanica, São Paulo, Brazil
Corresponding author: Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley (gracaw@me.com)
Academic editor: Peter Boyce |Received 21 February 2017|Accepted 2 May 2017|Published 5 June2017
Citation: Wanderley MGL (2017) Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae) published by L.A.
Nilsson. PhytoKeys 80: 65–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12348
Abstract
A nomenclatural revision of fteen taxa of Xyris (Xyridaceae) described by L.A. Nilsson (1892) is pre-
sented as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus in Brazil. All the protologues and type collections of
these taxa were studied. e type collections were examined in the respective herbarium collections where
they are preserved and complemented by images available on herbarium websites and from JSTOR Global
Plants. Lectotypes were selected for Xyris cristata L.A.Nilsson, X. glaziowii L.A.Nilsson and X. insignis
L.A.Nilsson. e holotypes, of X. glandacea L.A.Nilsson and X. stenophylla L.A.Nilsson, were discovered at
the herbaria of Uppsala (UPS) and Berlin (B) respectively, and provided with their correct determinations.
Resumo
É apresentada a revisão nomenclatural de quinze taxa do gênero Xyris (Xyridaceae) descritos por L.A.
Nilsson (1892), como parte da revisão taxonômica do gênero no Brasil. Foram analisados os protólogos
destes taxa e as coleções-tipo nos acervos dos respectivos herbários onde os mesmos estão preservados e
complementarmente por imagens disponíveis nos websites dos herbários e por meio do JSTOR Global
Plants. Foram designados os lectótipos para Xyris cristata L.A.Nilsson; X. glaziowii L.A.Nilsson and X.
insignis L.A.Nilsson. Dois holótipos com indicações equivocadas foram aqui encontrados e corretamente
determinados: Xyris glandacea L.A.Nilsson, no Herbário UPS e X. stenophylla L.A.Nilsson, em B.
Keywords
Xyris, Xyridaceae, lectotype, holotype, nomenclature
PhytoKeys 80: 65–76 (2017)
doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.12348
http://phytokeys.pensoft.net
Copyright Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley / PhytoKeys 80: 65–86 (2017)
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Introduction
e family Xyridaceae comprises about 400 species (Wanderley 2011, Silva and Wan-
derley 2013, Mota and Wanderley 2014, Santos-Guedes and Wanderley 2015), of
which approximately 92% occur in Brazil (Flora do Brasil 2016). e most recent
monograph of Xyridaceae in Brazil (Smith and Downs 1968) recognized 115 species
of Xyris. However, a large number of Brazilian species have been described since (Kral
and Smith 1980, 1982, Wanderley 1983, 1986, Wanderley and Cerati 1987, Kral and
Wanderley 1988a, 1988b, 1993, Wanderley 2003, 2010, Mota and Wanderley 2013,
Mota and Wanderley 2014, Wanderley and Mota 2015, Lozano et al. 2016), increasing
the number of taxa by approximately 44% over the last three decades.
While undertaking taxonomic studies of Brazilian Xyridaceae, it was discovered
that a number of species of the genus Xyris needed nomenclatural revision. Although
Smith and Downs (1968), proposed typications of many taxa of Xyris as part of their
treatment, many others still do not have any indication of typication, or there are
problems to be solved. In some cases, unrecognized type material was found in the
general collections of herbaria with the consequence that these types are also not avail-
able on herbaria websites or by JSTOR Global Plants (Ithaka 2015).
In this paper, we revised the typication of fteen Brazilian taxa described by L.A.
Nilsson (1892), most of whose type collections are housed at the herbaria of two re-
search institutions, the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S) and Uppsala Univer-
sity Museum of Evolution, Botany Section (UPS). Both herbaria were the institutions
where the author worked during the 19th century. In his treatment, “Studien über die
Xyrideen”, Nilsson (1892) studied 109 taxa of Xyris, of which 53 belong to section
Nematopus. Two were placed in a “dubia” section by the author, i.e. without sectional
aliation, but these two taxa are assigned here to Xyris section Nematopus. Following
a recent visit to the two Swedish herbaria, fteen names were reviewed and typied,
of which twelve are accepted names and three are synonyms, all included in Xyris sec-
tion Nematopus. Lectotypes are proposed here for three names, chosen in accordance
with the original descriptions of the taxon, so as to enhance nomenclatural stability
and following the author’s original intentions. In the case of a previous intention of
indication by another author, the priority of designation was accepted, according to
the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (McNeill et al.
2012), unless the designation was incorrect, and bearing in mind if the indicated ma-
terial is representative of the species (Prado et al. 2015). Based on the review of all the
protologues and type collections of the studied taxa, lectotypes are designated for Xyris
cristata L.A. Nilsson, X. glaziowii L.A. Nilsson and X. insignis L.A. Nilsson. Two holo-
types with equivocal determinations are reported and corrected here: Xyris glandacea
L.A. Nilsson, housed at the Uppsala herbarium (UPS) and X. stenophylla L.A. Nilsson,
at Berlin (B), both designated equivocally as lectotypes earlier by Smith and Downs
(1968). Some types cited by Smith and Downs (1968) simply as “type”, were updated
to lectotype status, and isotypes and isolectotypes are also reported here.

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 67
Material and methods
In this study, we analysed the protologues and morphological features from specimens
of the following herbaria (* visited herbaria): B*, BR, K*, M*, NY*, P*, S*, US* and
UPS* (see iers 2016 for acronyms). Typications were carried out according to the
current edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants
(McNeill et al. 2012), as well as recommendations by Prado et al. (2015). e accepted
names of the taxa are shown in bold italics, and the non-accepted ones only in italics.
Images were studied using a source from the herbaria B, BR and M or by using digital
images available on the JSTOR Global Plants website (Ithaka 2015). All the original
protologues were reviewed. Citations of type specimens are given as follows; when la-
belled by barcode, this is cited immediately after the herbarium acronym; if there is no
barcode the herbarium registration number is cited, as in the case of the S herbarium;
when the exsicatae have no registration numbers, as in the case of the UPS herbarium,
just the respective herbarium acronym is cited.
Typifications
1. Xyris cristata L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
56. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Bahia “in paludosis ad Itahype um. Com. Dos Ilheos”, Martius
s.n. (lectotype, designated here: M! pro parte: plant marked as M0241131). Other:
“Brasilien”. Minas Gerais, Vila do Príncipe, “in editis camporum humidis prope V. do
Principe”, Martius s.n. (syntype: M! pro parte: plant marked as M0241116).
=Xyris minarum Seub. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 215. 1855.
is species is a synonym of X. minarum Seub. Nilsson (1892) cited two syntypes
for Xyris cristata in the protologue, both collected by Martius: 1) Martius s.n., from
Minas Gerais, Vila do Príncipe, (“in editis camporum humidis prope V. do Principe”),
and 2) Martius s.n. from Bahia, “in paludosis ad Itahype um. Com. Dos Ilheos”.
However, both collections contain a mixture of species. e sheet from Bahia presents
a mixture of Xyris cristata and X. rupicola Kunth, presumably due to their similarity in
habit, a common problem in identication of Xyris species. On this sheet, the plants
of the two species are marked with dierent barcodes, X. rupicola (M0241130) and
X. cristata (M0241131). e specimen of X. cristata is positioned in the center of the
sheet marked with the number “2”, whereas the two specimens positioned laterally
and marked “1” correspond to X. rupicola. e material (M0241131) agrees with the
description of the species provided in the protologue.
e collection from Minas Gerais includes the other syntype of Xyris cristata, but
also plants of a third species, X. subsetigera Malme. e specimens of each species
mixed together in this Martius collection agree with their respective protologues and
both names are validly published. e mixed collection has been separated into three

Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley / PhytoKeys 80: 65–86 (2017)
68
exsiccatae; the plants of X. subsetigera are now registered as M0241136 and M0241137,
whereas that of X. cristata is registered as M0241116. is latter plant is a poor sample
of X. cristata, represented only by three peduncles and three spikes.
After studying the two syntypes (M0241131, M0241116), the Bahian collection
was selected as the lectotype of Xyris cristata, because it is a more complete specimen.
2. Xyris lifolia L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
43-44. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Minas Gerais, Caldas, Regnell III 2051, “in palude inter gramineas
altas” (lectotype, designated by Smith & Downs, 1968: S! [S-R-6569]; isolectotypes:
UPS!, US! [US00088150]).
In the protologue of the species, two collections were cited: Regnell III 2051 and
Lindberg s.n. e choice of lectotype was previously made by Smith and Downs (1968),
who indicated the sheet Regnell III 2051, 30[?]-II-1880 as the “type”, deposited in S
(S-R-6569), which by this indication became the lectotype. It is likely that during the
distribution of the duplicates between the S (30-II-1880) and UPS (20-II-1880) her-
baria, a change in the date was made in the transcription of the label. A second sheet
is deposited in UPS (Regnell III 2051), although under a dierent date (13-II-1880),
but there is no doubt that this material is part of the same collection (Regnell III 2051).
is sheet from UPS (Regnell III 2051, 13-II-1880) contains a short description of the
species (in handwriting similar to that of Nilsson) and the observation “in palude inter
gramineas altas”, which occurs in the protologue. e Lindberg collection 556 (XII-
1854), deposited in S (S-R-6570) and also cited in the protologue, is a syntype. is
material comes from Minas Gerais, Caldas, and has the same location as the lectotype.
3. Xyris fusca L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14): 57-58.
1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Glaziou 6747 (lectotype, designated as type by Smith & Downs,
1968: B! [B10 0243260]; isolectotypes: P! [P01679919], K! [K000587085]).
e Glaziou 6747 specimen from Brazil has three duplicates, of which B10
0243260 is the lectotype, designated as “type” by Smith and Downs (1968). e isolec-
totypes deposited in P and K are: P01679919, K000587085. e label of the sheet at P
gives the origin of the collection as Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, January 22, 1873. In
the K isolectotype, there is no information on locality or date. e information given
is the collector and the respective collection number, the origin as Rio de Janeiro, and
the date as February 1874. e later date of the Kew specimen might signify when the
specimen was received at K as a duplicate from P. However, there is no doubt that the
three exsiccates are from the Glaziou 6747 collection.

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 69
4. Xyris glandacea L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
50. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Minas Gerais, Caldas, Regnel III 2065 (in herb. UPS) (holotype:
UPS!; isotype: S! [S-R-6575]).
In his Xyris glandacea protologue, Nilsson (1892) cited the Regnell III 2065 collec-
tion, and indicated UPS as the herbarium where it was deposited. However, Smith and
Downs (1968), apparently ignoring the holotype, made an improper designation, and
chose the isotype at S as the lectotype. e present study conrmed the presence of the
holotype at UPS (Regnell III 2065), and that the duplicate housed at S is indeed the
isotype. e holotype contains a short manuscript description that agrees with the spe-
cies diagnosis. ere is an attached envelope containing fragments of the inorescence,
conrming that it was used to describe the species. Both the holotype and isotype are
compatible with the diagnosis and provide decisive conrmation of the rediscovery in
the eld of X. glandacea after a century, previously reported by Wanderley (2011). Due
to earlier poor understanding of its identity, the name has been applied to various dif-
ferent species of Xyris in herbarium collections.
5. Xyris glaziowii L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
61-62. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”, Glaziou 8004 (B†; lectotype, designated here: P! [P00753734];
isolectotypes: NY! [NY00246945], BR [BR000000694356, scan!], P! [P00753735]).
= Xyris augusto-coburgii Szyszyl. ex G.Beck., Itin. Princ. S. Coburgii 2: 94. 1888.
is name is a synonym of Xyris augusto-coburgii Szyszyl. ex G.Beck. Although
cited in the protologue as deposited in B, the type material of X. glaziowii is no longer
to be found there. Dr. Robert Vogt, curator of B, has conrmed that the type mate-
rial of Xyris glaziowii probably disappeared as a result of World War II damage to the
B herbarium. Duplicates of Glaziou 8004 at P, BR, NY, and a photograph at F were
therefore examined with a view to selection of a lectotype. Smith and Downs (1968)
indicated material deposited at P as the type. However, there are two sheets of Glaziou
8004 in this herbarium, and the sheet numbered P00753734 was chosen and desig-
nated here as the lectotype, because of its more complete label data, stating that the
material is from São Paulo, Fazenda da Bocaina, near Cascatinha do rio Mambucabo,
collected on February 11, 1876. e isolectotypes are: P00753735, NY00246945 and
BR000000694356, which although from the same collection (Glaziou 8004), have
incomplete label information. e BR sheet indicates that it originated from Rio de
Janeiro, while the label data of the NY sheet indicates its origin as São Paulo, Bocaina,
as in the lectotype.

Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley / PhytoKeys 80: 65–86 (2017)
70
6. Xyris insignis L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
44. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Minas Gerais, “in campis alpestribus ad Serro Frio”, Martius s.n.
(in herb. Monac.) (lectotype, designated here: M! [M0241098]; isolectotype: M!
[M0241097]).
According to the protologue, the Martius’s type collection is from Serro, Minas
Gerais state, Brazil, but with no information of the collector number and date. It is de-
posited at the Munich herbarium (M) where there are two sheets of the same collection
(M0241097 and M0241098). According to Smith and Downs (1968), the Martius
collection was cited as a type, but without choosing one of the two Maritus sheets de-
posited in M. e lectotype is therefore designated here as the sheet M0241098. is
choice was made because the material is more complete, corresponds to the original de-
scription of the species, and has annotations in pencil indicating that it is the holotype.
Another indication of having been used by Nilsson (1892)to describe the species is the
fact that there is an envelope with fragments of the dried oral spike. e duplicate
sheet (M0241097) thus becomes an isolectotype.
7. Xyris laevigata L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
50. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 1327 (lectotype, designated by Smith and-
Downs, 1968: B! [B100242250]; isolectotype: K! [K000587092]).
According to the protologue, the Glaziou 13277 collection was used to describe
the species, but without indication of the depository herbarium where it was depos-
ited. Considering the intention of Smith and Downs (1968) in indicating the Berlin
sheet (B100242250) as a “type”, their choice has priority and this sheet is therefore
considered the lectotype. An isolectotype is deposited at K (K000587092).
8. Xyris longiscapa L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
59-60. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Minas Gerais, “in palustribus Serra do Caraca”, Martius s.n. (holo-
type: M! [M0241109]).
In the protologue Nilsson (1892) indicated only the Martius collection without
collector number, collected in Brazil, Minas Gerais state, in the Serra do Caraça, and
deposited at the Munich herbarium (M). Since this collection consists of a unique
sheet, it is consequently the holotype. e material is made up of three leaf rosettes,
representative of the species and compatible with the protologue.

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 71
9. Xyris nigricans L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
60. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 15513 (lectotype, designated by Smith &
Downs, 1968: P! [P00752388]); isolectotypes: P! [P00752436]), K! [K000587098]),
BR [BR000000694390, scan!]. Other: Sellow s.n. (syntype: B! [B 10 0242237]).
We examined two syntype collections of X. nigricans. Both are of good qual-
ity: 1) Glaziou 15513, has two sheets at P (P00752388; P00752436), one at K
(K000587098) and one at BR (BR000000694390); 2) Sellow s.n. has a single sheet
at B (B 10 0242237). e lectotype is conrmed as sheet P00752388 of the Glaziou
15513 collection, previously indicated by Smith and Downs (1968) as the “type”. e
label data of the lectotype states that it was collected in the state of Minas Gerais, at
Alto de Itacolomy (“Haut Itacolomy”). e other three sheets at P (P 00752436), BR
(BR000000694390) and K (K000587098) are thus isolectotypes. Although the spe-
cies is endemic to Minas Gerais, equivocal information is given on the labels of the
isolectotypes at K and BR, referring to the surroundings from Rio de Janeiro and Ouro
Preto. However, there is no doubt that all of them are duplicates and part of the same
collection Glaziou 15513, and each sheet was probably labelled by Glaziou. e exsic-
cate Sellow s.n., deposited at B (B 10 0242237), is a syntype of Xyris nigricans and is
compatible with the protologue.
10. Xyris obtusiuscula L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl.
24(14): 47. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”, Sellow s.n. (“in herb. Berol.”) (holotype: B! [B10 0242234]).
Nilsson (1892) cited the Sellow s.n. collection in the protologue as at the Berlin
herbarium (B). Smith and Downs (1968) indicated the B sheet as the type, but without
specifying the type’s category. Considering that only this sheet of this collection is known
at B (B10 0242234) and Nilsson’s citation of B in the protologue, we can conrm that it
is the holotype. Although no mention was made in the protologue of Sellow’s collecting
number, the label states that it is Sellow 1087. e holotype is a poor specimen, consist-
ing of only one plant with two incomplete spikes, together with added fragments of the
inorescence, but nevertheless corresponds to the characteristics of the species.
11. Xyris regnellii L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
43. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”, Minas Gerais, Caldas, Regnell III 2050 (lectotype, designated by
Smith & Downs, 1968: S! [S-R-6609]; isolectotype: UPS!, pro parte P! [P01676114]).
Other: “Brasilien”, Minas Gerais, Caldas, Regnell III 2050 “loco paludoso in consor-
tione graminearum excelsiorum” (syntype: UPS!).

Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley / PhytoKeys 80: 65–86 (2017)
72
In the protologue of the species, Nilsson (1892) cited two dierent collections
from the same location (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caldas) under the same number Regnell
III 2050. e two collections can be recognized by the annotations referred to in the
protologue: 1) “In palude inter gramineas alta”, and 2) “loco paludoso in consortione
graminearum excelsiorum”. e sheets examined in the present study at P, S and UPS
have dierent dates on their labels for this same collection - no dates are mentioned
in the protologue. is variation of dates and other label information on the dupli-
cate sheets of the type collection led to a more detailed analysis of the typication of
this name, involving visits to both Swedish herbaria (UPS and S) and P, where the
duplicates of the Regnell III 2050 are deposited. Smith and Downs (1968) previously
indicated as lectotype the sheet deposited in S (S-R-6609), and since this is representa-
tive of the species and protologue, it is conrmed here as the lectotype. It can also be
recognized by the citation in the protologue (“Brasilien”, Minas Gerais, Caldas, Regnell
III 2050); its label includes the date 10-01-1880. e isolectotype is deposited in UPS
(Regnell III 2050) and has the same date as the lectotype (10-I-1880), includes a short
description of the species (in pencil with similar handwriting to that of Nilsson), and
the ecological description “in palude inter gramineas alta”, as cited in the protologue.
Although the latter information does not appear on the lectotype sheet at S, there is
no doubt that they are duplicates and that they complement each other in relation to
the protologue. e syntype at UPS corresponds to the second material mentioned in
the Regnell III 2050 protologue (“loco paludoso in consortione graminearum excelsio-
rum”), and this sheet includes two dates: 20-I-1880 and 17-2-1880. It also has a brief
description of the species and fragments of material in envelopes, indicating that they
were examined by Nilsson when he prepared his original description. is material is
thus very informative and complementary for interpreting this species name.
e P01676114 collection at Paris (P) is part of the type collection of Xyris regnel-
lii (Regnell III 2050), and can be considered as a syntype, but only in part (pro parte),
as it consists of a mixture of specimens of Xyris regnellii and X. lifolia. is sheet does
not have a date of collection or any of the other information mentioned above, show-
ing only the collector’s name and number. It is, however, the only reference to X. reg-
nellii currently available on the JSTOR Global Plants (Ithaka 2015) website for type
materials. Another specimen at P (P01727365), is possibly part of the type collection
of Xyris regnellii, but as the number of the Regnell collection has not been recorded, it
has not been included here in the above citation of duplicates of the type collection.
Yet another P specimen, P01676128, which is of X. regnellii, was not considered for
typication of the name, because it is labelled as X. lifolia and is a dierent collec-
tion (Regnell III 2051). e interpretation of Xyris regnellii and X. lifolia type mate-
rial, described by Nilsson (1892) in the same work, was made more dicult as they
were collected by Regnell in the same location (Minas Gerais, Caldas), and received
consecutive numbers: Regnell III 2050 for Xyris regnellii, and Regnell III 2051 for X.
lifolia. e mixture of material of these two species in the duplicates at P and the
exchange of labels between them must have occurred during the original distribution
of duplicates.

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 73
12. Xyris seubertii L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
51. 1892.
Type. Guyana: “British Guiana”, Rich. Schomburgk 897 (in herb. Berol.) (holotype: B!
[B10 0242218]; isotype: K! [K000308887]).
In his species description, Nilsson (1892) cited the collection Schomburgk 897,
originating from British Guiana, undated, and deposited in the B herbarium. e
unicate of this collection in B (B10 0242218) was examined, and is compatible with
the protologue. Smith and Downs (1968) cited this sheet (B10 0242218) as “type”,
thus identifying it as the holotype, which has two plants with the typical characteristics
of Xyris seubertii, and the label indicates the location and the date (October 1842), as
quoted in the protologue. Illustrations attached to the holotype sheet show charac-
teristic features of the species, with a drawing of the central placenta and sepals with
a thickly pilose carina and acute apex. However, in addition to these illustrations,
there is an annotation signed by Seubert that indicates the species as Xyris fontanesiana
Kunth, now considered as a synonym of Xyris anceps Lam. (Xyris section Xyris), which
has a marginal placenta and is very dierent from X. seubertii (Xyris section Nemato-
pus). An isotype is deposited at K (K000308887), with an annotation giving its origin
from Guiana, and with indications of having previously been separated from another
specimen. Another sheet at K (K000308888), also of Xyris seubertii, has the locality
information “Roraima Expedition, British Guiana, Monte Roraima”. e collector is
not mentioned, but the number 257 given on the label makes clear that it does not
belong to the type collection.
13. Xyris simulans L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14):
47. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”, Minas Gerais, Caldas. Regnell III 1276 (lectotype, designated by Smith
& Downs, 1968: S! [S 05-5679]; isolectotypes: UPS!; US [US00433375, image!]).
= Xyris tortula Mart. Flora 24(Beibl. 2): 55. 1841.
e lectotype of the Regnell III 1276 (S 05-5679) material, designated as “type”
by Smith and Downs (1968), is conrmed. Isolectotypes are deposited at US
(US00433375) and UPS.
14. Xyris stenophylla L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl.
24(14): 46. 1892.
Type. Brasil. Glaziou 7999 (in herb. Berol.) (holotype: B! [B100242212]; isotypes: S!
[S-R-6620], K! [K00494720]; P! [P00753728, P00753729]).
e holotype (B100242212) is the single sheet of Glaziou 7999 at the B herbari-
um. It is from Brazil, undated, lacks a more precise location, and was indicated in the

Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley / PhytoKeys 80: 65–86 (2017)
74
protologue as deposited at the B herbarium. e holotype consists of several plants
and dried material that was used by Nilsson (1892) to describe the species. Smith
and Downs (1968) cited the collection Glaziou 7999 at the Stockholm herbarium
(S R-6620) as “type”, but because Nilsson (1892) cited the B collection, the only
sheet of this collection there, the S sheet must be considered as an isotype. Other
isotypes were examined for the present study at K (K00494720) and P (P00753728,
P00753729), all of Glaziou 7999, despite having annotations which give diering
locations. e exsiccate K00494720 indicates that it is from Rio de Janeiro and
P00753728 has a dierent indication to São Paulo, Campos Bocaina. However, the
sheet P00753729 and the holotype (B100242212) were labeled only to Brazil, with-
out mention of locality.
ese disagreements in location attribution are thought to have occurred when
Glaziou’s duplicates were distributed to the dierent herbaria.
15. Xyris teres L.A.Nilsson, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap.-Akad. Handl. 24(14): 44-
45. 1892.
Type. “Brasilien”. Glaziou 4286 (lectotype, designated by Smith & Downs, 1968: P!
[P00753726]; isolectotypes: K! [K00587113], US! [US00088220]). Other: Glaziou
8003 (Itatiaia) (syntype: K! [K000587112]; isosyntype: P! [P01677114]); GH n.v.
[GH00028828]; Sellow s.n. (syntype: B! [B10 0242206]; isosyntypes: K!
[K000837563, K000837566, K000837567]).
In the protologue, Nilsson cited three collections he had examined: Glaziou 4286,
Glaziou 8003 and Sellow s.n., indicating the B herbarium as depository, however only
the Sellow collection was found at B. Smith and Downs (1968) cited as “type” the
material of Glaziou 4286 deposited at P (P00753726), which is thus the lectotype,
since there is no reason to disagree with the intention of these authors, the specimen
being representative of the species and in agreement with the protologue. e lectotype
consists of only a single plant, although a line drawn on the sheet shows that other,
presumably mixed material has been removed; the label states that it is from the Serra
dos Órgãos in Brazil, dated April 4, 1870. e duplicates at K (K000587113) and US
(US00088220) are isolectotypes. e Kew isolectotype (K000587113) sheet, compris-
ing young plants, also bears traces of previous mixtures, while the US isolectotype
(US00088220) is mixed with X. macrocephala Vahl.
Duplicates of the syntype Glaziou 8003 are deposited at K (K000587112) and P
(P01677114), with annotations giving dierent origins. e P duplicate (P0167114),
states its origin as Brazil, São Paulo, Fazenda Bocaina, near Cascatinha Manbucabo,
collected on February 11, 1876. e K duplicate (K000587112) label annotation states
the collection is from Rio de Janeiro, while another duplicate at GH (GH00028828)
has data identical to the P specimen (Fazenda Bocaina, São Paulo). Despite this diver-
gent locality information, there is no doubt that they all belong to the same Glaziou
8003 collection.

Typication of binomials in Xyris section Nematopus (Xyridaceae)... 75
e duplicates of the syntype Sellow s.n. (B100242206, K000837563,
K000837563, K000837566, K7000837567) indicate their origin only as from Brazil,
with all bearing the number 204 on the label, conrming that all belong to the same
Sellow collection. e collections examined revealed leaves with dark edges that can
vary from bright to opaque, smooth to rugulose, variations observed in recent speci-
mens of this species. e globular or ovoid spikes with brown bracts having a conspicu-
ous macula are also very variable, sometimes making it dicult to identify this species,
which overlaps in some characters with other similar species such as Xyris rigida Kunth.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the curators and sta at the following herbaria for allowing me
to access their collections and/or for providing images complementary to the study:
B, BR*, F*, K, M, S, UPS, US and P (* not visited). Visits to K, P, S and UPS were
supported by CNPq, FAPESP and Reora Project (CNPq). And special thanks to Dr.
Simon Mayo and Dr. Jeerson Prado for the valuable comments and suggestions and
the careful review of the editorial committee and reviewers.
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