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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Two new leafhopper genera of the Alebroides genus group
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with a key to
genera of the group
Ye XU
1
,SihanLU
1
, Yuru WANG
1
, Christopher H. DIETRICH
2
and Daozheng QIN
1
1
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling, China and
2
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign,
Illinois, USA
Abstract
Two new microleafhopper genera in the Alebroides genus group, Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov., based on the
type species N. rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov.,andInflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov., based on the
type species I. intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov., are described from southwest China. Five known species in
the Alebroides sohii species group are transferred to Inflatopina as new combinations. Keys to genera of the
Alebroides genus group and species of Inflatopina are given.
Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, microleafhopper, morphology, taxonomy.
INTRODUCTION
The microleafhopper tribe Empoascini comprises more
than 1,000 species in 85 previously described genera
from throughout the world. It can be distinguished from
other tribes of Typhlocybinae as follows: ocelli usually
well developed; forewing without appendix; hind wing
submarginal vein extended between apices of veins
MP’or RP + MP’and MP”+CuA’;maleanaltube
usually with pair of processes at base; male paramere
without preapical lobe; male subgenital plate usually
with numerous macrosetae (Qin et al. 2014). Genera
of this tribe have been divided into two informal groups,
the Alebroides group and the Empoasca complex
(Young 1952; Xu et al. 2016). Members of the
Alebroides group have hind wing vein CuA branched,
while members of the Empoasca complex have this vein
unbranched. The taxonomy of the Empoasca complex
seems rather complicated and the status or diagnoses
of many known taxa need reclarification (especially in
the cosmopolitan genus Empoasca Walsh, 1862). In
contrast, the Alebroides group appears more stable in
classification, comprising 156 species in 25 genera so
far, widely distributed in the Oriental, Palaearctic,
Afrotropical and Australian Regions but absent from
the New World (Xu et al. 2016).
In China, the Alebroides group includes 14 genera and
58 species known to date (see checklist). Our recent
research suggests that the Chinese fauna remains
inadequately surveyed. This paper adds two new genera
and two new species, based on our recent examination
of material from Yunnan (southwest China), and provides
a key to the genera of the Alebroides generic group from
the world.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The specimens studied here are deposited in the
Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi, China (NWAFU) and Insect
Collections, China Agricultural University (CAU). The
entire male abdomens of the examined specimens were
removed, cleared in 10% NaOH and stored in glycerin.
Figures of the male genitalia were made using a light
microscope (PM-10 AD; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
Photographs were taken using a Scientific Digital
micrography system equipped with an auto-montage
imaging system attached to a QIMAGING Retiga
Correspondence: Daozheng Qin, Key Laboratory of Plant
Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of
Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Email: qindaozh0426@aliyun.com
http://zoobank.org/References/A2E0A8E3-7FFD-4F70-
9F6A-154078B275ED
Received 13 October 2016; accepted 23 January 2017.
Entomological Science (2017) doi: 10.1111/ens.12260
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
2000R digital camera (CCD) (QImaging, Surrey, BC,
Canada). The male genitalia were drawn using an
Olympus PM-10 AD and wings were drawn using a Leica
MZ-125 microscope (Leica, Sloms, Germany).
Photographs were edited using Adobe Photoshop CS7.0
(Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).
The methods and terminology used in this work follow
Zhang (1990) with the following exceptions: wing
venation terminology after Dworakowska (1993),
chaetotaxy of the subgenital plate after Southern (1982),
and leg chaetotaxy after Dietrich (2005).
RESULTS
Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov.
Type species
Nulliata rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov.,here
designated.
Description
Body robust. Head including eyes slightly broader than
pronotum in dorsal view (Figs 1,3). Crown short,
rounded anteriorly, anterior and posterior margins
parallel, middle length distinctly shorter than width
between eyes (Figs 1,3), profile of transition to face
rounded (Fig. 2); coronal suture distinct, extended
nearly to crown apex (Figs 1,3). Ocelli present
(Figs 1,3,4). Face broad, convex in profile, longer than
wide in anterior view; lateral frontal sutures extended
nearly to ocelli; anteclypeus tapered and weakly convex,
not expanded (Fig. 4). Pronotum large (Figs 1,3).
Forewing narrow, rounded apically, apical cells
occupying nearly one-third of total length, c and r cells
nearly equal in width, both slightly narrower than m
and cua cells; veins RP and MP’dissociated or confluent
at their bases, both arising from r cell, MP”+CuA’
arising from m cell; second apical cell with nearly same
width as third but slightly broadened apically (Figs 9,10).
Hind wing with CuA branched, point of furcation distal
of coalescence of CuA with MP”(Figs 8,11). Fore femur
seta AM1 stout, situated near ventral margin; intercalary
row with one large basal seta and eight relatively long,
fine setae. Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2 + 1
+ 1, tibia row AV with six macrosetae near apex.
Male basal abdominal sternal apodemes weakly
developed (Fig. 7). Male pygofer short, with rigid
Figures 1–10 Nulliata rubrostriata Lu,
Xu & Qin, sp. nov. 1 Male adult,
dorsal view; 2male adult, left lateral
view; 3head and thorax, dorsal view;
4face; 5male genitalia, left lateral view;
6male genitalia, dorsal view; 7
abdominal apodemes; 8hind wing;
9,10 forewing. Scale bars, 1.0 mm
(1,2)and0.2mm(3–10).
Y. X u et al.
2Entomological Science (2017)
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microsetae along posterior margin, pygofer appendage
absent (Figs 5,6,12–14), dorsal bridge well developed
and distinctly delimited, with mid-dorsal section weakly
bilobed posteriorly (Figs 6,13). Anal tube appendage
absent, basolateral angles of anal tube weakly angulate
(Figs 5,12,21). Subgenital plate far exceeding pygofer side,
widest at base and narrowing toward apex, angulate
basolateral extension well developed, A-group setae
absent, B-group setae small and rigid, C-group setae
sharply pointed, roughly in two rows near base and
subapically but otherwise uniseriate, D-group setae
sparse, no longer than C-group setae, arranged in two to
four irregular rows (Figs 5,6,12,20). Paramere slim, longer
than pygofer, apophysis weakly curved, bearing
prominent dentifer and few slender setae (Figs 5,12,17,19).
5,12,17,19). Connective lamellate, longer than wide, with
narrow median anterior lobe (Fig. 18). Aedeagus shaft
tubular, tapered, without process(es); preatrium well
developed, longer than shaft; dorsal apodeme absent;
gonopore subapical on ventral side (Figs 5,12,15,16).
Etymology
The name is derived from the Latin word “nullus”(none),
combined with the feminine suffix “-a”, which refers to
the weakly developed abdominal apodemes, ventral
pygofer appendage and anal tube appendage of the new
species.
Discussion
This new genus is placed in the Alebroides group, based on
the hind wing venation (vein CuA of hind wing branched).
It superficially resembles Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada,
1994, Circinans Qin & Lu, 2014, Flaviata Lu & Qin,
2014, Luodianasca Qin & Zhang, 2008, Membranacea
Qin & Zhang, 2011, Nikkotettix Matsumura, 1931,
Figures 11–21 Nulliata rubrostriata
Lu, Xu & Qin, sp.nov.11Hind wing;
12 male genitalia, left lateral view; 13
pygofer side, dorsal view; 14 pygofer
side, left lateral view; 15 aedeagus, left
lateral view; 16 aedeagus, dorsal view;
17 subgenital plate, paramere and
connective, ventral view; 18 connective;
19 paramere; 20 subgenital plate; 21
anal tube appendage, left lateral view.
Scale bars, 1.0 mm (11) and 0.1 mm
(12–21).
KeytogeneraoftheAlebroides group
Entomological Science (2017) 3
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, 2016, Schizandrasca
Anufriev, 1972 and Szara Dworakowska, 1995 in having
the crown short (middle length distinctly shorter than width
between eyes), the pronotum relatively large, veins RP and
MP’of the forewing arising from the r cell and in lacking
a pygofer appendage (ventral appendage present or absent
in Nikkotettix). However, the new genus differs from
Alebrasca,Flaviata,Schizandrasca,Membranacea,
Nikkotettix,Rubiparvus,Schizandrasca and Szara in
having the abdominal apodemes weakly developed
(not reaching posterior margin of segment III), from
Circinans,Flaviata,Luodianasca,Nikkotettix,
Rubiparvus,Schizandrasca and Szara in lacking an
anal tube appendage, and from Alebrasca,Circinans,
Membranacea and Schizandrasca in the absence of A-
group setae on the plate. This new genus also differs
from Flaviata,Rubiparvus and Szara in having the
paramere with distinct teeth apically and from Flaviata
in having the branching point of hind wing CuA distal
of the coalescence of CuA with MP”.
Distribution
China (Yunnan).
Nulliata rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov.
Type materials
Holotype. ♂(NWAFU), China, Yunnan, Mengla,
Longmen, 15 May 2013, coll. Qingquan Xue, by light
trap. Paratypes. 1♂(NWAFU), same data as holotype;
7♂(NWAFU), China, Yunnan, Jizu Mountain, 30 July
2014, coll. Meirong Liang, by light trap.
Description
Body length: Male 4.1–4.6 mm.
General color of body greyish. Eyes dark brown
(Figs 1–4). Coronal suture bordered with longitudinal
yellow streak, with longitudinal red stripe extending from
apex of crown to apex of frontoclypeus, rest of
frontoclypeus beige; anteclypeus brownish at base and
at apex, remaining area and genae greyish (Figs 1,2,4).
Pronotum mostly black medially, margins yellow with
irregular creamy patches (Figs 1,3). Mesonotum yellow,
basolateral angles and area caudal of scutoscutellar sulcus
with creamy patches (Figs 1,3). Forewing and hind wing
hyaline (Figs 1,2). Abdomen dark brown (Figs 1,2). Legs
greyish with few brown patches (Fig. 2).
Basal sternal abdominal apodemes not extending to end
of segment III (Fig. 7). Male pygofer in profile with apex
rounded, bearing five to seven rigid microsetae along
posterior margin (Figs 12–14), dorsal bridge occupying
nearly 2/5 length of pygofer in dorsal aspect, shallowly
emarginate caudo-medially (Fig. 13). Subgenital plate in
lateral view with apical 1/4 curved dorsad, B-group setae
(30–33) occupying nearly half length of dorsal margin,
arranged in three irregular rows preapically, C-group
setae (12–13) starting near base of plate and extending
to apex, D-group setae (35–40) starting caudally of C-
group setae in irregular two to four rows (Figs 5,12,20).
Paramere weakly sinuate in caudal part, dentifer bearing
eight to ten teeth and two to three short setae and few
sensory pits near apex (Fig. 19). Connective with small
caudal lobes, apically narrowed and notched medially
(Figs 17,18). Aedeagus with preatrium elongate, in profile
occupying nearly 2/3 length of aedeagus, shaft oriented
posteriad at right angle to preatrium, curved
caudoventrad to level of gonopore, area distal of
gonopore acuminate and curved slightly dorsad; in
ventral view aedeagus broadened subapically with
slender, acuminate apex (Figs 15,16).
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin
words “rubra”(red) and “striatus”(stripe), referring to
the longitudinal red stripe on the face.
Inflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov.
Type species
Inflatopina intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov.,here
designated.
Description
Body robust. Head including eyes as wide as pronotum
(Figs 22,24,45,54). Crown short, middle length distinctly
shorter than width between eyes (Figs 22,24), profile of
transition to face rounded (Figs 23,44,53). Coronal
suture distinct, extended nearly to anterior margin of
crown (Figs 22,24,43,45,52,54). Ocelli present
(Figs 24,25,45,46,54,55). Face broad, distinctly convex,
longer than wide in anterior view; lateral frontal sutures
extended nearly to ocelli; anteclypeus inflated and much
broader in male than in female (Figs 23,25,44,46,53,55).
Pronotum large (Figs 22,24,43,45,52,54). Forewing
narrow, rounded apically, apical cells occupying nearly
one-third of total length, third apical cell stalked, c and r
cells nearly equal in width, both narrower than m and
cua cells; veins RP and MP’arising from r cell and
MP”+CuA’from m cell, MP’and MP”+CuA’almost
parallel throughout their length (Figs 30,50,56). Hind
wing with CuA branched, branching point distal of
coalescence of CuA with MP”(Figs 31,51,57). Front
femur seta AM1 stout, situated near ventral margin;
intercalary row with one large basal seta and seven smaller
setae more distal, evenly spaced along distal three-fourths.
Y. X u et al.
4Entomological Science (2017)
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Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2 + 1 + 1. Hind-tibia
row AV with eight preapical macrosetae.
Male basal abdominal apodemes developed, parallel-
sided (Fig. 29). Male pygofer elongate, caudally with
macrosetae, ventral appendage present (Figs 26,32–34),
dorsal bridge well delimited, short (Figs 27,33). Anal tube
process well developed, emarginate apically
(Figs 26,28,32,42,47). Subgenital plate exceeding pygofer
side, all categories of setae present, A-group setae near
base of plate, B-group setae occupying nearly half length
of anterior margin, C-group numerous, arranged in two
rows basally and merged into single row distally, reaching
apex of plate (Figs 26,32,41). Paramere distinctly widened
preapically, terminating in a strongly arcuate and abruptly
narrowed apical part, dentifer short with one to few small
teeth, several setae present on broadened part and sensory
pits situated more cephalad (Figs 37,39,40). Connective
short, broad, approximately as long as wide, without
median anterior lobe (Fig. 38). Aedeagal shaft tubular,
with paired or unpaired ventrobasal process(es),
dorsoatrium absent, atrium broad in posterior view,
preatrium well developed but shorter than shaft;
gonopore apical (Figs 28,35,36,48,49).
Etymology
The generic name is derived from the Latin word
“inflatus”, referring to the inflated anteclypeus in males
of this genus. Gender: feminine.
Discussion
This genus corresponds to the “Alebroides sohii species
group”recognized by Dworakowska (1997), based on
its distinctive coloration and the structure of the anal tube
process and aedeagus. The genus is similar to Alafrasca Lu
& Qin, 2014 in having the male anteclypeus strongly
inflated, forewing veins RP and MP’arising from cell r,
the branching point of hind wing vein CuA distal of the
coalescence of CuA with MP”and the male pygofer
having ventral appendage. However, the new genus differs
from Alafrasca in having the aedeagal shaft with a pair of
ventrobasal processes, the preatrium not trough-like and
Figures 22–31 Inflatopina intonsa Lu,
Dietrich & Qin, sp.nov.22Male adult,
dorsal view; 23 male adult, left lateral
view; 24 head and thorax, dorsal view;
25 face; 26 male genitalia, left lateral
view; 27 male genitalia, dorsal view;
28 anal tube appendage, aedeagus,
connective, parameres and subgenital
plates, left lateral view; 29 abdominal
apodemes; 30 forewing; 31 hind wing.
Scale bars, 0.5 mm (22,23), 0.2 mm
(24–28,30,31)and0.1mm(29).
KeytogeneraoftheAlebroides group
Entomological Science (2017) 5
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
the paramere strongly arcuate and without prominent
teeth apically.
Key to species of the genus Inflatopina Lu,
Dietrich & Qin (males)
1. Ventral pygofer appendage pubescent (Fig. 34)...........2
–Ventral pygofer appendage smooth, not pubescent....3
2. Aedeagus in ventral view with basal processes distinctly
broadened near midlength, not extended nearly to
shaft apex (Yu & Yang 2014: Fig. 22)...........................
..............I. chiasmatica (Yu & Yang, 2014), comb. nov.
–Aedeagus in ventral view with basal processes narrow
throughout length, extended nearly to shaft apex
(Fig. 36).............I. intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov.
3. Aedeagus with basal process symmetrical; paramere
evenly broadened subapically........................................
.................................I. sohii (Thapa, 1989), comb. nov.
–Aedeagus with basal process asymmetrical; paramere
dilated subapically.......................................................4
4. Aedeagus in ventral view with lateral lamella smooth,
ventrobasal processes parallel to each other and
regularly curved............................................................
..................I. victor (Dworakowska, 1994), comb. nov.
–Aedeagus in ventral view with lateral lamella irregular
or serrated; ventrobasal processes of aedeagus not as
above...........................................................................5
5. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view relatively broad with
ventral dilation large (Fig. 48); anterior branch of anal
tube process much shorter than posterior branch.........
.....................I. rayi (Dworakowska, 1997), comb. nov.
–Aedeagal shaft in lateral view relatively and less dilated
ventrally; anterior branch of anal tube process nearly
as long as posterior branch............................................
................I. zenkae (Dworakowska, 1997), comb. nov.
Figures 32–42 Inflatopina intonsa Lu,
Dietrich & Qin, sp.nov.32Male
genitalia, left lateral view; 33 pygofer
side and ventral pygofer appendage,
dorsal view; 34 ventral pygofer
appendage, left lateral view; 35
aedeagus, left lateral view; 36 aedeagus,
dorsal view; 37 subgenital plate,
paramere and connective, dorsal view;
38 connective; 39,40 paramere; 41
subgenital plate; 42 anal tube
appendage, left lateral view. Scale bars,
0.2 mm (32–34,41), 0.1 mm
(35,36,38–40,42) and 0.25 mm (37).
Y. X u et al.
6Entomological Science (2017)
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Inflatopina intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov.
Type materials
Holotype. ♂(NWAFU), China, Yunnan, Jingdong,
Ailaoshan Mountain, 31 May 2013, coll. Qingquan
Xue, by light trap. Paratypes. 4♂(NWAFU), same data
as holotype.
Description
Body length: Male 5.0–5.1 mm.
General color yellowish brown. Crown posteriorly and
laterally bordering eyes whitish, with oval beige patch on
each side of midline, coronal suture orange brown;
crown-face border with two indistinct brown patches
medially (Figs 22,24,25). Eyes black (Figs 22–25).
Frontoclypeus laterally yellow brown, centrally with
irregular longitudinal stripe medially; anteclypeus beige
(Fig. 25). Arcuate area of pronotum behind eyes with
irregular greyish patches (Figs 22,24). Center of
mesonotum with longitudinal white stripe, basal angles
creamy yellow, area caudal of scutoscutellar sulcus milky
except heart-shaped black patch medially (Figs 22,24).
Forewing and hind wing subhyaline (Figs 22,23).
Abdomen mostly black, each tergite with narrow
yellowish stripe along posterior margin (Figs 22,23). Legs
sordid yellow to brown (Fig. 23).
Abdominal sternal apodemes reaching end of segment
IV (Fig. 29). Male pygofer caudally with about 12–13
macrosetae (Figs 26,32,33); ventral appendage slightly
curved caudodorsad, gradually narrowed distad, with
numerous fine setae distributed from near base to
Figures 43–51 Inflatopina rayi
(Dworakowska, 1997). 43 Male adult,
dorsal view; 44 male adult, left lateral
view; 45 head and thorax, dorsal view;
46 face in male; 47 anal tube
appendage, left lateral view; 48
aedeagus, left lateral view; 49 aedeagus,
ventral view; 50 forewing; 51 hind
wing. Scale bars, 0.5 mm (43,44)and
0.2 mm (45–51).
KeytogeneraoftheAlebroides group
Entomological Science (2017) 7
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
subapex (Figs 26,32–34). Anal tube process straight,
exceeding 1/2 height of pygofer, folded and abruptly
narrowed terminally (Figs 26,28,32,42). Subgenital plate
broad near base, apical 1/3 curved dorsad; A-group
setae (5–7) fairly long and sharp tipped; B-group setae
(32–33) occupying nearly half length of anterior margin,
arranged in irregular three rows preapically; C-group
setae (21–22) arising near basal 1/4 of plate, reaching
apex; D-group (35–38) parallel to C-group setae,
roughly arranged in two to four irregular rows
(Figs 26,28,32,41). Paramere broad at base, strongly
recurred apex bearing one to two small teeth preceded
by ca. six setae and a few sensory pits (Figs 39,40).
Aedeagal shaft tubular, nearly as long as preatrium, in
profile broad at base and thereafter narrowed to
rounded apex, ventrobasally provided with pair of
sinuate processes shorter than shaft; in dorsal aspect
aedeagus strongly expanded medially (Figs 35,36).
Connective with caudal margin notched medially
(Figs 37,38).
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the setae of the
ventral pygofer appendages.
Inflatopina chiasmatica (Yu & Yang, 2014),
comb. nov.
Alebroides chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, 2014: 249,
figures 14–25.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. Although Yu and Yang (2014) did not describe
or illustrate the hind wing venation of this species, they
mentioned that it is similar to that of Alebroides sohii
Thapa, 1989 transferred here to Inflatopina (see below)
and its inflated anteclypeus (Yu & Yang 2014: Fig. 15),
strongly recurved paramere without distinct teeth
preapically (see Yu & Yang 2014: Fig. 21) and the
aedeagal shaft bearing ventrobasal processes (see Yu &
Yang 2014: Figs 22,23) all support transferring A.
chiasmaticus to Inflatopina.
Inflatopina rayi (Dworakowska, 1997), comb.
nov.
Alebroides rayi Dworakowska, 1997: 330, figures
932–943.
Specimens examined. 1♂,1♀(NWAFU), China,
Yunnan, Dahaoping, 2200 m, 27. Sep. 1999, coll. Irena
Dworakowska.
Distribution. China (Yunnan) (new record to China);
Myanmar.
Remarks. This species was described, based on a
single male from Myanmar with the posterior
branch of the aedeagal process broken and missing
(Dworakowska 1997). Dworakowska (1997)
suggested that the “distal branch [of the aedeagal
process is] probably longer and somehow lamellate
as in the species described next”(referring to
Alebroides zenkae Dworakowska, 1997). We found
a male agreeing with Dworakowska’s (1997)
description of this species from Yunnan, China, and
the aedeagal characters of this specimen agree with
Dworakowska’s (1997) suggestion. The aedeagus
Figures 52–57 Inflatopina sohii
(Thapa, 1989). 52 Male adult, dorsal
view; 53 male adult, left lateral view;
54 head and thorax, dorsal view; 55
face in male; 56 forewing; 57 hind
wing. Scale bars, 0.5 mm (52,53)and
0.2 mm (54–57).
Y. X u et al.
8Entomological Science (2017)
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and anal tube process are photographed here (see
Figs 47-49).
Inflatopina sohii (Thapa, 1989), comb. nov.
Alebroides sohii Thapa, 1989: 95, figure 1;
Dworakowska, 1997: 329, figures 911–931.
Specimen examined. 1♂(CAU), China, Hubei, Xingshan
Mountain, Longmen River, 13. Sep. 1994, 1,300 m, coll.
Fasheng Li.
Distribution. China (Hubei); Nepal.
Remarks. This species was described from Hubei
Province in China. A male with genitalia missing was
studied. Based on its strongly inflated anteclypeus
(Fig. 55) and hind wing venation with the branching
point of CuA distal of the coalescence of CuA with
MP”(see Fig. 57), it is transferred to Inflatopina as
a new combination.
Inflatopina victor (Dworakowska, 1994), comb.
nov.
Alebroides victor Dworakowska, 1994: 99, figures
66–77; Dworakowska, 1997: 332, figures 14,27,
963–974.
Distribution. India, Nepal.
Inflatopina zenkae (Dworakowska, 1997), comb.
nov.
Alebroides zenkae Dworakowska, 1997: 331, figures
901–910,944–962.
Distribution. India.
Key to the genera of the Alebroides group (males)
1. Forewing with apical vein MP’arising from m cell.......
..................................................................................2
–Forewing with apical vein MP’arising from r cell
(Fig. 9)......................................................................4
2. Pygofer side with hook at posterodorsal angle;
subgenital plate pointed at apex, C-group setae not
reaching apex of plate....Unitra Dworakowska, 1974
–Pygofer side without hook at posterodorsal angle;
subgenital plate rounded at apex, C-group setae
reaching apex of plate...............................................3
3. Connective elongate, more than 2X longer than
maximum width; ventral pygofer appendage
present.....................Epignoma Dworakowska, 1972
–Connective nearly as long as wide, not elongate;
ventral pygofer appendage absent...............................
.....................................Wemba Dworakowska, 1974
4. Coronal suture long, extended onto face..................5
–Coronal suture short, at most reaching anterior
margin of crown.......................................................6
5. Coronal suture terminating at level of antennal bases;
anal tube appendage with mesal extension
present...............................Apheliona Kirkaldy, 1907
–Coronal suture extending only to the level of ocelli;
anal tube appendage without mesal extension............
.......................................Znana Dworakowska, 1994
6. Anal tube appendage absent......................................7
–Anal tube appendage present....................................9
7. Crown-face transition with dark patch medially; male
pygofer in profile strongly emarginate dorsally...........
.............................Membranacea Qin & Zhang, 2011
–Crown-face transition without dark patch medially;
male pygofer in profile not emarginate dorsally....8
8. Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft;
abdominal apodemes well developed, reaching V
segment...............Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada, 1994
–Aedeagus with preatrium distinctly longer than
shaft (Figs 15,16); abdominal apodemes weakly
developed, not reaching middle of III segment..........
..............................Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov.
9. Hind wing with bifurcation point of CuA at or basad
of coalescence of CuAwith MP”.............................10
–Hind wing with bifurcation point of CuA distal of
coalescence of CuAwith MP”(Fig. 31)...................15
10. Forewing with veins RP and MP’confluent
preapically...............................................................11
–Forewing with veins RP and MP’separate, connected
by crossvein.............................................................13
11. Setal group C uniseriate throughout length of plate.....
.......................................Matsumurama Thapa, 1989
–Setal group C biseriate basally, uniseriate only in
distal part................................................................12
12. Vertex with two large black patches on anterior
margin; subgenital plate with A-group setae
numerous and large; paramere with dentifer
prominent....................Shumka Dworakowska, 1997
–Vertex usually without large black patches on
anterior margin; subgenital plate with A-group setae
normal (Empoasca type); paramere with dentifer
short and compact......Alebroides Matsumura, 1931
13. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft;
subgenital plate with one row of feeble microsetae
drawn toward dorsal margin in apical 2/3...............
...................................Szuletaia Dworakowska, 1995
–Aedeagus with preatrium shorter than shaft;
subgenital plate without distinct row of feeble
microsetae drawn toward dorsal margin.................14
14. Male pygofer strongly sclerotized dorsally and
terminating in a process; subgenital plate with
KeytogeneraoftheAlebroides group
Entomological Science (2017) 9
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
D-group setae numerous, elongate; aedeagal shaft
without apical processes.......Flaviata Lu & Qin, 2014
–Male pygofer not as above; subgenital plate with
D-group setae not numerous, short; aedeagal shaft
with a pair of long stout apical processes, each
process at the base has a short pointed corniform
process........................Dattasca Dworakowska, 1979
15. Setal group A absent on subgenital plate
(Fig. 41).............................................................16
–Setal group A present on subgenital plate................20
16. Base of subgenital plate articulated to sternite IX...17
–Base of subgenital plate not articulated to sternite
IX............................................................................18
17. Connective fused with base of aedeagus; subgenital
plate with C-group reduced to single preapical
macroseta, D-group setae undifferentiated; anal
tube appendage long and thin, curved caudad............
...................... Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, 2016
–Connective not fused to aedeagus; subgenital
plate with C-group setae (8) arranged in one row,
reaching apex of plate, D-group setae well
differentiated; anal tube appendage short and broad,
curved basoventrad..........Szara Dworakowska, 1995
18. Subgenital plate with basolateral protrusion; abdominal
apodemes weakly developed, not reaching middle of III
segment.....................Luodianasca Qin & Zhang, 2008
–Subgenital plate without basolateral protrusion;
abdominal apodemes well developed, reaching V or
VI segment..............................................................19
19. Subgenital plate with C-group setae biseriate at least
near base or submedially; aedeagus shaft longer than
preatrium; basoventrally bearing single or paired
appendage(s); anal tube appendage smooth, without
denticuli apically.........Nikkotettix Matsumura, 1931
–Subgenital plate with C-group setae uniseriate
throughout length of plate; aedeagus shaft
distinctly shorter than preatrium; basoventrally
not bearing appendage; anal tube appendage
denticulate apically...........Ghauriana Thapa, 1985
20. Male pygofer with ventral appendage (Fig. 34).....21
–Male pygofer without ventral appendage................25
21. Forewing with third apical cell petiolate preapically
(Fig. 30)...................................................................22
–Forewing with third apical cell not petiolate, with
basal crossvein.......................................................24
22. Subgenital plate A-group with only one seta, C-group
setae uniseriate throughout length of plate; anal tube
appendage long, reflexed caudoventrad at base and
curved ventrad apically...............................................
...................................Pradama Dworakowska, 1995
–Subgenital plate A-group with four to seven setae,
C-group setae biseriate at least subbasally (Fig. 41);
anal tube appendages short, curved basoventrad
apically (Figs 42,47)................................................23
23. Ventral pygofer appendage branched apically;
paramere gradually narrowed and weakly curved
apically..............................Alafrasca Lu & Qin, 2014
–Ventral pygofer appendage unbranched apically
(Fig. 34); paramere abruptly narrowed and strongly
arcuate apically (Figs 39,40)......................................
..................Inflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov.
24. Aedeagal shaft with long processes adjacent to
gonopore; anal tube appendage tuberculate apically;
paramere strongly arcuate apically..........................
.......................................Luvila Dworakowska, 1974
–Aedeagal shaft without processes; anal tube
appendage smooth, not tuberculate apically;
paramere normal, not arcuate apically......................
........................................Lumicella Lu & Qin, 2013
25. Subgenital plate with C-group setae blunt-tipped;
abdominal apodemes not well developed, not reaching
end of segment III...............Circinans Lu & Qin, 2014
–Subgenital plate with C-group setae sharp-tipped;
abdominal apodemes well developed, reaching V
segment...................................................................26
26. Aedeagus hook-shaped in profile, without preatrium;
paramere apophysis bearing small, compact dentifer
with fine setae situated more cephalad.........................
.....................................Schizandrasca Anufriev, 1972
–Aedeagus not hook-shaped in profile,with preatrium;
paramere apophysis bearing prominent dentifer with
few slender setae and pits in apical half........................
..................................Keumiata Qin & Dietrich, 2014
Checklist of genera of the Alebroides group in
China
Alafrasca Lu & Qin, 2014b: 10. Type species:
Alafrasca sticta Lu & Qin, 2014
Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada, 1994: 267. Type species:
Alebrasca actinidiae Hayashi & Okada, 1994
Alebroides Matsumura, 1931: 68. Type species:
Alebroides marginatus Matsumura, 1931
Apheliona Kirkaldy, 1907: 67. Type species: Heliona
bioculata Melichar, 1903
Circinans Qin & Lu in Lu & Qin, 2014a: 86. Type
species: Circinans striata Qin & Lu, 2014
Flaviata Lu & Qin in Qin et al., 2014: 1506. Type
species: Flaviata variata Lu & Qin, 2014
Ghauriana Thapa, 1985: 65. Type species: Ghauriana
pecularia Thapa, 1985
Inflatopina Lu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov. Type species:
Inflatopina intonsa Lu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov.
Y. X u et al.
10 Entomological Science (2017)
©2017 The Entomological Society of Japan
Keumiata Qin & Dietrich in Qin et al., 2014: 1503.
Type species: Keumiata orientalis Qin & Dietrich,
2014
Lumicella Lu & Qin in Lu et al., 2013: 12. Type species:
Lumicella rotundata Lu & Qin, 2013
Luodianasca Qin & Zhang, 2008: 64. Type species:
Luodianasca recurvate Qin & Zhang, 2008
Membranacea Qin & Zhang in Qin et al., 2011: 49.
Type species: Membranacea spinata Qin & Zhang, 2011
Nikkotettix Matsumura, 1931: 76. Type species:
Nikkotettix galloisi Matsumura, 1931
Nulliata Lu, Xu & Qin, gen. nov. Type species: Nulliata
rubrostriata Lu, Xu & Qin, sp. nov.
Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich& Qin in Xu et al., 2016: 584.
Type species: Rubiparvus bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin,
2016
Schizandrasca Anufriev, 1972: 36. Type species:
Alebroides ussurica Vilbaste, 1968
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are thankful to graduate students
Qingquan Xue and Meirong Liang of NWAFU for
collecting specimens for this study. The authors would
like express their thanks to John Richard Schrock
(Emporia State University, USA) for revising an early
draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(31270689).
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