Difference Between Allogamy and Xenogamy

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Main Difference – Allogamy vs Xenogamy There are two types of pollinations known as self pollination and cross pollination. Allogamy and xenogamy are the two types of cross pollinations that occur during the sexual reproduction of higher plants. Flower is the sexual organ of angiosperms. Stamen is the male part of the flower, which contains anther and filamentous. Pistil is the female part of the flower, which contains stigma, style, and ovary. Unisexual flowers contain pistil and the stamens in separate flowers, enhancing cross pollination. Bisexual flowers contain both pistil and stamens in the same flower, enhancing self pollination. The main difference between allogamy and xenogamy is that allogamy is the deposition of pollen grains from the anther of the one flower on the stigma of another flower, either in the same plant or a in a different plant of the same species whereas xenogamy is the deposition of pollen grains from the anther of one flower on the stigma of a genetically different flower of the same species.

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5/10/2017 DifferenceBetweenAllogamyandXenogamy|Definition,Characteristics,Process,Examples
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DifferenceBetweenAllogamyandXenogamy
May10,2017 •byLakna •5minread
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MainDifference–Allogamyvs
Xenogamy
Therearetwo types of pollinations known asself pollination
and cross pollination. Allogamy and xenogamy are the two
types of cross pollinations that occur during the sexual
reproduction of higher plants. Flower is the sexual organ of
angiosperms. Stamen is the male part of the flower, which
containsantherandfilamentous.Pistilisthefemalepartofthe
flower, which contains stigma, style, and ovary. Unisexual
flowers contain pistil and the stamens in separate flowers,
enhancing cross pollination. Bisexual flowers contain both pistil and stamens in the same flower, enhancing self
pollination. The maindifference between allogamy and xenogamy is that allogamy is the deposition of pollen
grains from the anther of the one flower on the stigma of another flower, either in the same plant or a in a
differentplantofthesamespecieswhereasxenogamyis thedepositionof pollengrainsfromtheantherof one
floweronthestigmaofageneticallydifferentflowerofthesamespecies.
1.WhatisAllogamy
–Definition,Characteristics,Process,Examples
2.WhatisXenogamy
–Definition,Characteristics,Process,Examples
3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenAllogamyandXenogamy
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5/10/2017 DifferenceBetweenAllogamyandXenogamy|Definition,Characteristics,Process,Examples
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WhatisAllogamy
Allogamyisthefertilizationofaflowerbythepollengrainsofanotherflower.Thedepositionofthepollengrainsof
theanther of one flower on the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called geitonogamy. In contrast, the
depositionofpollengrainsoftheantherofonefloweronthestigmaofanotherflowerofadifferentplantinthesame
speciesiscalledxenogamy.Bothgeitonogamyandxenogamybelongtoallogamy.Therefore,allogamycanbesimply
consideredasatype of cross pollination. Physically,geitonogamy is consideredasaacrosspollinationmethod. But
genetically, it is a method of selfpollination since gametes of the same flower are fused to form the zygote. In
xenogamy,geneticallymodifiedoffspringareproducedbythefusionofgeneticallydifferentgameteswhichbelongto
thesamespecies.Geitonogamyoftenoccursinflowersthatoriginateinthesamestem.
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Figure1:Geitonogamy
Allogamy is achieved with the aid of external pollinating agents. Two types of external pollinating agents can be
identified as abiotic and biotic agents. Abiotic agents are wind and water. Biotic agents are insects like bees and
butterflies,andanimalslikesnailsandbirds.Windpollinationiscalledanemophilyandpollinationbywateriscalled
hydrophily. Insect pollination is called entomophily; bird pollination is called omithophily and snail pollination is
calledmalacophily.
WhatisXenogamy
Xenogamyis thefertilizationa flowerbythepollengrains
of a genetically different flower of the same species. It is
the typical cross pollination method where genetically
modified offspring are formed. Xenogamy also occurs
through external pollinating agents. Flowers which use
hydrophily contains long stigma along with unwettable
floralparts.In contrast, flowers whichuseanemophilyare
small in size and contain exerted stigma and anthers.
Flowers which are pollinated by zoophily exhibit several
characteristics such as brightly colored petals, nectar, and
scents. Entomophily, omithophily and malacophily are
typesofzoophily.Xenogamyoccurringbyentomophilyisshowninfigure2.
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Figure2:Xenogamy
Several adaptations of the cross pollinating flower itself prevent selfpollination. In herkogamy, flowers possess
mechanicalbarriers onthestigmatic surfacelikegynostegiumandpollinia.Dichogamyisthedifferentialmaturation
ofpollenand stigma. Someflowersareincompatible with selfpollination.Someplantsexhibitmale sterility,where
pollengrainsoftheplantarenotfunctional,andonlythecrosspollinationiscapableofproducingseeds.Heterostyly
istheproductionofstamensandstyleindifferentlengths.
DifferenceBetweenAllogamyandXenogamy
Definition
Allogamy:Allogamyisthefertilizationofaflowerbythepollengrainsofanotherflower.Bothgeitonogamyand
xenogamybelongtoallogamy.
Xenogamy:Xenogamyisthefertilizationaflowerbythepollengrainsofageneticallydifferentflowerofthesame
species.
Self/Crosspollination
Allogamy:Allogamycontainsbothselfandcrosspollinationmethods.
Xenogamy:Xenogamyispurelyacrosspollinationmethod.
GeneticallyModifiedOffspring
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Allogamy:Geitonogamydoesnotproduceageneticallymodifiedoffspring.
Xenogamy:Xenogamyproducesageneticallymodifiedoffspring.
Advantages
Allogamy:Geitonogamycanoccurevenwithouttheassistanceofexternalpollinatingagents.
Xenogamy:Xenogamyiscapableofproducingbeneficialoffspring.
Disadvantages
Allogamy:Geneticvariationsoftheoffspringisavoidedingeitonogamy.
Xenogamy:Excessforceshouldbegeneratedinordertobepollinatedbyexternalpollinatingagents.
AdaptationsoftheFlower
Allogamy:Severalgeitonogamyflowersarelocatedonthesamestem.
Xenogamy:Flowerscontainbrightlycoloredpetals,scents,andnectarforattractingtheinsectsandanimals.
Examples
Allogamy:Cornisthemostcommonexampleofgeitonogamyflowers.
Xenogamy:Squash,onions,broccoli,spinach,willows,grassesandolivetreesaretheexamplesofxenogamy.
Conclusion
Allogamy and xenogamy are two types of pollination methods found among flowers. Allogamy contains both
geitonogamyandxenogamy.Geitonogamyisthe deposition of pollen grainsofonefloweronanother flower of the
same plant. Hence, two plants are genetically similar, and no genetically modified offspring is produced.
Geitonogamyisphysicallyacrosspollinationmethod,butgeneticallyitisaselfpollinationmethod.Xenogamyisthe
deposition of pollen grains of one flower on the second flower in a different plant of the same species. Here, two
plants are genetically different though they belong to the same species. Hence, genetically modified offspring is
produced by xenogamy. Therefore, xenogamy is considered as more beneficial than self pollination. Most flowers
bear adaptations to promote cross pollination. The main difference between allogamy and xenogamy is in the
pollinatingprocesses.
Reference:
1.”Pollination in Plants: Types, Advantages and Disadvantages.” YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation
Library.N.p.,22Feb.2014.Web.02may2017.
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AbouttheAuthor:Lakna
Lakna,agraduateinMolecularBiology&Biochemistry,isaMolecularBiologistandhasa
broadandkeeninterestinthediscoveryofnaturerelatedthings
2.”TypesofPollination.” TypesofPollination| CrossPollinationor Allogamy|Biology@TutorVista.com.N.p., n.d.
Web.02May2017.
ImageCourtesy:
1.“2126664”(PublicDomain)viaPixabay
2.“FlowerOrangeButterflyPinkMonarchZinniaRed”(CC0)viaMaxPixel
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