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International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
408
All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
Abstract— The main objective of this research is automatic
protection from the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) leakage or
reduction of the hazards that can be caused due to unawareness
of the user about the gas leakage and also providing an
automatic gas booking facility by applying advance
communication technology. If there is any gas leakage from
storage tank, service station or from the automobile then
a buzzer will turn ON and an alert message will be sent to a
pre-set mobile number by using GSM(Global System for
Mobile communication) technology. Sound from the alarm as
well as message in the mobile number will give valuable
suggestion to the users so that they can prevent themselves from
dangerous effect of LPG gas leakage. Proposed model notifies
alert to people before any leakage from the gas cylinder and also
automatically books for refilling of gas from the gas booking
center before the cylinder gets empty.
Index Terms— Microcontroller, Gas sensor, GSM (Global
System for Mobile communication), LPG (Liquefied Petroleum
Gas), Load cell, LCD(Liquid Crystal Display).
1) INTRODUCTION
LPG gases have been widely used in home appliances,
industry and motor fuel (1). More than 50% of the heaters use
LPG as cooking is well done using LPG (2). Most important
task is detection and identifying LPV (linear parameter
varying) model used in the gas industry (3). Leakage
detection is used in household safety (4).The main causes of
accidents in gas pipeline are corrosion, external interference,
construction defects, ground movement and material failure.
Transport, through the pipes is the safest but it does not mean
that pipes are risk-free (5). Leakage detection is classified
according to technical nature (6). Non-technical leakage
detection like are hearing, smelling and seeing or looking.
Sometimes trained dogs are also used (7). Technical nature
means both hardware and software. Hardware methods mean
acoustic, cable sensor, optical, soil monitoring. Software
based means continuously monitoring the state of pressure,
flow rate or other pipeline parameters (8). Low levels of LPG
leak can avoid any possible accidents.
2) PROBLEM STATEMENT
During illegal filling of gas cylinder consumers are
unaware about their safety. Problems arise when LPG
Manuscript received April, 2017.
Badri Narayan Mohapatra, Electronics & Telecommunication, Oxford
College Of Engineering, And Management.,. Bhubaneswar, India,
9437812746 .
Aishwarya Dash, Electronics and Telecommunication Department,
Oxford College of Engineering and Management, Bhubaneswar, India,
8093435837.
Dhiraj Kumar Chaubey, Electronics and Telecommunication
Department, Oxford College of Engineering and Management,
Bhubaneswar, India, 7352693269.
consumers worn out regulators, use old valves. Risks are
added when there is lack of awareness of using gas cylinders
(11, 12).Again in day to day life people having a busy
schedule don not get time to check the gas available in the
cylinder or usually forget to book for new cylinder(or
refilling of gas).
Fig 1.Practical Installation
The domestic implementation of the system is as shown
in Fig 1. It is necessary to give a proper location to the gas
sensor so that it can sense very quickly when the leakage just
starts.
Table1. Specification of LPG sensor
1 minute
3%
5 minute
2.5%
15 min
2.0%
60 min
1%
3) METHODOLOGY USED
The below fig 2 indicates the basic building blocks of the
whole system. The microcontroller plays the most important
role to carry out all the required processes very smoothly with
correct timing.
LPG Gas Auto Booking By GSM and Leakage
Detection with Auto Switchable Exhaust Fan
Badri Narayan Mohapatra, Aishwarya Dash, Dhiraj Kumar Chaubey
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
409
All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
Fig 2.Basic Block diagram
1) Microcontroller
The ATMEGA16 is a 8-bit CMOS microprocessor with
16Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only
memory (EPROM).It exhibits high-performance with
low-power consumption. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU
with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATMEGA16
provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications. The pin diagram of
ATMEGA16 is shown in Fig 2.
Fig 3.Pin Diagram
2) GSM
GSM network is divided like Operation and support
system (OSS), Switching system (SS) and Base station
system (BSS) . Microcontroller sends a signal when there is a
leakage of gas . that signal will come to the GSM module
first. It consists one sim card and it has a unique identity
number The GSM module used is SIMCOM 300 which uses
SIM memory to store the number of required members.
3) Gas Sensor
MQ-6 is tin dioxide and is a semiconductor type gas
detecting type sensor. It has low sensitivity to alcohol,
cigarette and cooking fumes but it can detect butane and
propane. The material used in this sensor is SnO2. The
principle is that the conductivity of SnO2 increases with
increasing concentration of air. So when the concentration of
air goes higher than the dangerous level due to leakage of gas,
the conductivity of SnO2 increases to a level which is
sufficient to pass the current to send a pulse to the
microcontroller as an interrupt signal.
Fig 4.MQ-6 Gas Sensor
Table2. Specification of LPG sensor
Model No.
MQ-6 Sensor
Type
Semiconductor
Standard
Bakelite (Black Bakelite)
Concentration
300-1000ppm
(Butane, Propane, LPG)
Detection Gas
Isobutene, Butane ,LPG
4) Weight Sensor
The weight sensor used here is the load cell module. A
load cell is a weight measurement device necessary for
electronic scales that display weights in digits. However, load
cell is not restricted to weight measurement in electronic scales.
It is a passive transducer or sensor which converts applied force
into electrical signals. Based on the principle of working, load
cells are classified as follows-
Fluid pressure based Load Cells
Elasticity based Load Cells
Piezoelectric effect based Load Cells
But the mostly used load cell is the strain gage-based load
cell.
5) Power Supply
. Power supply circuit is represented by Fig 5. The
complete unit is getting power from a main supply by means
of a step-down transformer to convert 230V AC primary into
0-12V, 500mA secondary. A full- wave bridge rectifier
followed by a capacitor filter is used to provide the voltage to
the 5-volt regulator (LM7805) whose output is used as the
power supply requirements of microcontroller circuit.
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
410
All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
Fig 5.Power Supply Circuit
6) Alarm & Indicator
A buzzer is set to produce audio alert about the leakage
before turning ON the exhaust fan. It also rings to remind
about the refilling of the cylinder when the gas level falls
down below the threshold value.
7) LCD Display
A 16X2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display is used
as the visual indicator. The reason behind using this LCD
display is its cost effectiveness and easy programmability. It
displays various messages such as leakage of gas , alert
message for booking of cylinder etc. It also displays the
actions carried out by the microcontroller.
4) WORKING OPERATION
1) Leakage Detection
SnO2 is the sensing material used as gas sensor. When
SnO2 is heated at a certain high temperature in air, oxygen is
adsorbed on the crystal surface with a negative charge. Then
donor electrons in the crystal surface are transferred to the
adsorbed oxygen, resulting in leaving positive charges in a
space charge layer. Thus, surface potential is formed to serve
as a potential barrier against electron flow. Electric current
flows through the conjunction parts (grain boundary) of SnO2
micro crystals. At grain boundaries, adsorbed oxygen forms a
potential barrier which prevents carriers from moving freely.
The electrical resistance of the sensor is attributed to this
potential barrier. In the presence of a deoxidizing gas, the
surface density of the negatively charged oxygen decreases,
so the barrier height in the grain boundary is reduced. The
reduced barrier height decreases sensor resistance. Hence the
corresponding pulse can reach the microcontroller as an
interrupt signal and also can be fed to the buzzer and the
exhaust fan so that they will be turned „ON‟.
2) GSM Module
The GSM module works on simple AT commands which
can be implemented by interfacing it to the microcontroller
Rx and Tx pins. The GSM module used is SIMCOM 300
which uses SIM memory to store the number of system
owner or housemates and distributor or to whoever the
messages have to be forwarded. It requires very less memory
to send and receive text messages and operates on simple 12
Volt adapter.
3) Automatic Gas Booking
The automatic Gas booking system continuously monitors
the weight of the gas in cylinder and displays it on seven
segment display. When the weight of the gas falls below the
threshold value i.e. 10k.g.,a logic high pulse is fed to a port
pin of microcontroller. As this pin goes high, microcontroller
will send a booking message to distributor. At the same time,
the message will be displayed on LCD as “Booking
Cylinder”. When the weight of the gas goes below 0.5 kg
another logic high pulse is fed to another port of
microcontroller through a relay circuit as discussed in truth
table. As this port pin goes high, microcontroller will send an
alert message through a GSM module to cell numbers of the
required members and also an alert message is displayed on
the LCD screen.
Fig 6.Flow Chart
Fig 7.Design Assemble circuit
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2017, ISSN: 2278 -7798
411
All Rights Reserved © 2017 IJSETR
Fig 8.Prototype Model for Detection and Protection
5) RESULT
By testing the system prototype model it is found that
when a small amount of LPG is introduced near the gas
sensor the system detects the leakage and sends an alert
message to the consumer by using the GSM module.
Simultaneously the audio-visual indicator is activated and the
exhaust fan is switched ON. The system prototype also
monitors the gas level of the cylinder, books the new cylinder
automatically and also sends an alert message to the
consumer to remind about the refilling of the cylinder before
the cylinder becomes empty.
6) CONCLUSION
The motive of designing a cost effective and reliable
LPG leakage detector and automatic gas booking is
successfully done by this paper. By testing the system
prototype model it is found that when a small amount of LPG
is introduced near the gas sensor the system detects the
leakage and suddenly activates its indicators. Also when the
level of gas falls below some predefined value it
automatically dials the number of the booking center as well
as informs the user.
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Badri Narayan Mohapatra has completed B.Tech
and M.Tech from BPUT Odisha. His area of research interest is in
communication. Currently working as Assistant Professor ETC department
in Oxford College Of Engineering, And Management.
Aishwarya Dash has completed B.Tech from BPUT
Odisha. Currently working as Assistant Professor ETC department in Oxford
College Of Engineering, and Management.
Dhiraj Kumar Chaubey Final year B.Tech student
of ETC department in Oxford College Of Engineering, And Management .
