Article

Burriss, L. L., & Greenwood, C. A. (2016). When good PR goes bad: The assassination of Joseph Colombo and the demise of the Italian-American Civil Rights League. Journalism History, 42(2), 101-111.

Authors:
  • Debiasing and Lay Informatics (DaLI) Lab University of Oklahoma
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Abstract

In the 1970s Mafia boss Joseph Colombo launched a successful public relations campaign to persuade media, industry, and federal and state elected officials to stop using the terms Mafia and La Cosa Nostra. He claimed that the Mafia was a myth and the words discriminated against Italian Americans. Colombo’s campaign used public relations tactics, including publicity, special events, fundraising, media relations, relationship develo pment, and public policy influence. He also raised hundreds of thousands of dollarsfor his newly created organization, the Italian-American Civil Rights League. Colombo’s efforts came to an abrupt end when he was shot at one of his rallies by an unknown gunman who also was killed. Colombo suffered permanent brain damage, lapsed into a coma, and died in 1978, an apparent victim of his own PR. In failing to consider the wants and needs of one of his key internal publics, other Mafia leaders, he may have contributed to his own murder.

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Yacovelli Said to Succeed Colombo in Mafia Family
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Nicholas Gage, "Yacovelli Said to Succeed Colombo in Mafia Family," New York Times, Sept. 10, 1971.
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Fred Ferretti, "Rally Day Crowd Reacts with Sorrow and Anger," New York Times, June 29, 1971. 168 "Madness in Columbus Circle," New York Times, June 29, 1971.
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Campbell, "Police Firm on Gang Tie in Shooting." 136 Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Memo," File 92-5509 (Aug. 6, 1971).
Italian-American League Is Beset by Woes
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Eric Pace, "Italian-American League Is Beset by Woes," New York Times, June 6, 1970.
Reputed Boss Calls Mafia a Myth
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Starns, "Reputed Boss Calls Mafia a Myth." 49 Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Letter," File 92-5509 (May 22, 1972).
Many of Mafioso Resent Colombo
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Nicholas Gage, "Many of Mafioso Resent Colombo," New York Times, July 3, 1971.
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John O'Brien, "The Shooting of Jake Lingle," Chicago Tribune, http://www. chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/chi-chicagodays-jakelingle-storystory.html. 16 "Luciano Plea Cites His Aid to U.S. Army," New York Times, May 23, 1945.
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Rodney Campbell, The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977).
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"A Chronicle of Bloodletting," Time, July 12, 1971. 22 Ibid.
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Ralph Salerno and John S. Tompkins, The Crime Confederation (New York: Doubleday, 1969), 194. 26 Ibid., 198. 27 Ibid., 195. 28 Ibid.
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  • Ibid
Ibid. 30 "Gallo Gang Saves 6 Children in Fire on Brooklyn Flat," New York Times, Feb. 1, 1962. 31 Salerno and Tompkins, The Crime Confederation, 197.
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Craig R. Whitney, "Pickets at F.B.I. Visted by Judge," New York Times, June 10, 1970. 39 "Behind the Mystique of the Mafia."
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Robert D. McFadden, "No Arrests Are Imminent in Colombo Shooting Case," New York Times, July 4, 1971. 43 "Italo-Americans Press Unity Day," New York Times, June 18, 1970.
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Lawrence R. Van Gelder, "Colombo: A Man with Several Roles," New York Times, June 29, 1971; and Selwyn Raab, Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005), 190. 47 "Joseph Colombo Sr., 54, Paralyzed in Shooting at 1971 Rally, Dies," New York Times, May 24, 1978.
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Selwyn Raab, "Even to the 5 Families, the Fighting Colombos Have Been Black Sheep," New York Times, Dec. 10, 1991.
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Paul L. Montgomery, "Italians to Hold Rally Tomorrow," New York Times, June 28, 1970. 53 "Americans of Italian Descent, Inc.," New York Daily News, June 26, 1970.
56 "Thousands of Italians Here Rally against Ethnic Slurs
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McFadden, "No Arrests Are Imminent in Colombo Shooting Case." 55 Montgomery, "Italians to Hold Rally Tomorrow." 56 "Thousands of Italians Here Rally against Ethnic Slurs," New York Times, June 30, 1970.
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Roger V. Wetherington and Gene Spagnoli, "A Salute to the White & Green," New York Daily News, June 30, 1970.
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Montgomery, "Italians to Hold Rally Tomorrow." 60 Ibid. 61 "Italian-Americans Ready for Colorful Unity Day," New York Times, June 29, 1970. 62 "Thousands of Italians Here Rally against Ethnic Slurs"; and Wetherington and Spagnoli, "A Salute to the White & Green."
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Chapter 380," New York Daily News, June 20, 2001; and Robert D. McFadden, "John J. Marchi, Who Fought for Staten Island in Senate, Dies at 87," New York Times, April 26, 2009. 65 "'Mafia' Loses Its Place in Federal Vocabulary," New York Times, July 24, 1970. 66 "Mitchell Says the Term for Mafia Is 'Syndicate,'" New York Times, July 29, 1970.
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Paul Sann, "Letter to Dorothy Schiff," http://www.paulsann.org/memos5.htm.
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Nicholas Pileggi, "The Making of 'The Godfather'-Sort of a Home Movie," New York Times Sunday Magazine, Aug. 15, 1971.
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Grace Lichtenstein, "'Godfather' Film Won't Mention Mafia," New York Times, March 20, 1971.
Italian-American Civil Rights League and Two Leaders Indicted
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Morris Kaplan, "Italian-American Civil Rights League and Two Leaders Indicted," New York Times, May 11, 1972.
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Frank J. Prial, "Italian-American Defense League List Is Seized," New York Times, Dec. 18, 1970.
Colombo Acquitted in Conspiracy Case
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Kaplan, "Colombo Acquitted in Conspiracy Case."
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Raab, Five Families. 81 "Italian-Americans Contribute $500,000 at a Charity Show," New York Times, Nov. 21, 1970. 82 "The Making of the Godfather," 58.
A Few Family Murders, but That's Show Biz
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Nicholas Gage, "A Few Family Murders, but That's Show Biz," New York Times, March 19, 1972. 93 "Dropping of 'Mafia' Assailed by Marchi," New York Times, March 21, 1971.
Italian Rights Leader, 28, Named to Post at Board of Education
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Myron A. Farber, "Italian Rights Leader, 28, Named to Post at Board of Education," New York Times, Aug. 30, 1971.
Tv's 'F.B.I.' to Drop 'Mafia' and 'Cosa Nostra' from Its Scripts
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Fred Ferretti, "Tv's 'F.B.I.' to Drop 'Mafia' and 'Cosa Nostra' from Its Scripts," New York Times, March 24, 1971.
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Anthony Burton, "Colombo Says FBI Bugs Creep Even into Bedroom," Daily News, April 1, 1971.
Colombo: A Man with Several Roles
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Van Gelder, "Colombo: A Man with Several Roles." 109 Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Memo," File 92-5509-295 (July 9, 1971).
Hospital Emergency Room a Mixture of Chaos and Efficience after Shooting
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John Sibley, "Hospital Emergency Room a Mixture of Chaos and Efficience after Shooting," New York Times, June 29, 1971.
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Fred J. Cook, "Colombo: 'They Got Joe!"-Is the War On?'" New York Times, July 4, 1971.
The Mafia Is Not an Equal Opportunity Employer
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Nicholas Gage, The Mafia Is Not an Equal Opportunity Employer (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971).
Key Mafia Figure Tells of 'Wars' and Gallo-Colombo Peace Talks
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Nicholas Gage, "Informants Give Mafia Reaction to Colombo Shooting," New York Times, June 30, 1971. 133 "Key Mafia Figure Tells of 'Wars' and Gallo-Colombo Peace Talks," New York Times, July 7, 1975. 134 Ibid.
Italians Picket F.B.I. Office Here
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Police Continue Colombo Inquiry
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Facts' about Colombo's Attacker Vary
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Lesley Oelsner, "'Facts' about Colombo's Attacker Vary," New York Times, June 29, 1971.
Cousin Asserts Jerome Johnson Told of Job with Italian League
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Barbara Campbell, "Cousin Asserts Jerome Johnson Told of Job with Italian League," New York Times, July 1, 1971.