Eumops hansae

Full text

:MAMMALIAN
SPECIES
No. 687, pp.
1-3,
2 figs.
Eumops hansae. By Troy L. Best, John L. Hunt, Lisa A. McWilliams, and Kevin G. Smith
Published 26 December 2001 by the American Society of Mammalogists
Eumops
hansae
Sanbor-n;
1932
Hansa
Mastiff Bat
Eumops
hansae
Sanborn, 1932:356. Type locality "Colonia Hansa,
near
Joinville, Santa Catherina, Brazil." Restricted to state of
Santa Caterina (Cabrera, 1958:126).
Eumops amazonieus Handley, 1955: 177. Type locality "Manaos [=
Manaus], Amazonas, Brazil."
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Chiroptera, suborder
Microchiroptera, family Molossidae. The genus Eumops contains 9
species: E. auripendulus, E. bonariensis, E. dabbenei, E.
glau-
einus, E. hansae, E. maurus, E.
patagonie
us, E. perotis, and E.
underwoodi (Barquez et al. 1999; Freeman 1981; Koopman 1993,
1994; Mares et al. 1996). E.
hansae
is monotypic (Eger 1977;
Jones et al. 1988; Koopman 1994).
DIAGNOSIS. Eumops
hansae
has a darker color than E.
bonariensis (Eger 1977; Eisenberg 1989; Hall 1981). Skull of E.
hansae
(Fig. 1) is similar to that of E. bonariensis, but is larger,
longer, has a narrower rostrum, alonger palate, and a more devel-
oped lambdoidal crest. Basisphenoid pits of E.
hansae
are
deeper
and rounder, and palate projects beyond the last molars, whereas
in E. bonariensis palate ends almost on a level with last molars
(Gardner et al. 1970; Sanborn 1932). E.
hansae
has medium den-
tary thickness, the most elevated jaw joint of the genus, and the
most complete toothrow with full N-shape on M3 and moderate P3
(Freeman 1981).
GENERAL CHARACTERS. Eumops
hansae
is relatively
small for the genus. Tail extends beyond posterior margin of uro-
patagium. Pelage is rich blackish-brown dorsally,
paler
ventrally,
and
hair
on ventrum is tricolored (Eger 1977).
The
Hansa
mastiff bat exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism
in size (Eger 1977; Eisenberg 1989). Length of head and body for
atypical male is ca. 75 mm and for females is ca. 71 mm (Eisen-
berg 1989). External and cranial measurements (in mm) of 2 fe-
males from Bolivia are: total length, 106, 95; length of tail, 41, 30;
length of foot, 8.5, 9.0; length of ear, 20, 17; length of forearm, 39,
38; length of cranium, 18.2,
-;
condylobasal length,
-,
17.3;
zygomatic breadth, 11.3, 10.8; length of
upper
maxillary toothrow,
8.2, - (Anderson 1997). Average of external and cranial measure-
ments (in mm) of 3 males and 5 females, respectively, from the
Neotropics are: length of forearm, 41.2, 37.8; total length of cra-
nium, 20.9, 18.9; condyloincisive length, 19.8, 17.9; zygomatic
breadth, 12.1, 10.8; mastoidal width, 10.7, 9.9; height of braincase,
7.0, 6.1; length of
upper
maxillary toothrow, 7.6, 6.9; postorbital
constriction, 4.2, 4.0 (Eger 1977). Mass of 1 female from the Neo-
tropics was 15.4 g(Eisenberg 1989) and mass of males in Peru (no
sample size) was 14.7 g (Graham and Barkley 1984). Mass of 2
females from Bolivia was 17.3 and
16.0
g(Anderson 1997), and
mass of 1 female from French Guiana was 13.2 g (Simmons and
Voss 1998).
DISTRIBUTION.
The
Hansa
mastiff bat is known from
Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, and
Panama
in Central America,
and Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil
in South America (Fig. 2; Alvarez and Alvarez-Castaneda 1990;
Alvarez-Castaneda and Alvarez 1991; da Fonseca et al. 1996; Eger
1977; Hall 1981; Ibanez and Ochoa G. 1989; Koopman 1993,
1994; Lee and Bradley 1992; Simmons and Voss 1998). It occurs
at elevations :s;45 m in French Guiana (Simmons and Voss 1998),
:s;155 m in Venezuela (Eisenberg 1989; Handley 1976), and at
320
m in Peru (Graham and Barkley 1984). No fossils are known.
FORM
AND FUNCTION. Wing tips are narrow (average
relative length of 2nd phalange is
5.5%
of total length of 4th digit).
FIG. 1. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of cranium and lat-
eral view of mandible of Eumops
hansae
from 3 mi S Ituni, De-
merara Ararnpa, Guyana (male, Royal Ontario Museum 57330).
Greatest length of cranium is 20.5 mm.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-abstract/doi/10.2307/0.687.1/2600181
by guest
on 01 January 2018

2 MAMMALIAN SPECIES
687-Eumops
hansae
FIG. 2. Distribution of
Eumops
hansae
in Central and South
America (Alvarez-Castajteda and Alvarez 1991; Eger 1977; Eisen-
berg 1989; Graham and Barkley 1984; Koopman 1982, 1993, 1994;
Lee and Bradley 1992).
105
I
30 -
15 -
0-
15 -
30 -
I
105
km
90
I
I
90
I
2,000
75
I
60
I
I
60
45
I
I
45
-30
-15
-0
-30
A. lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, C. subrufa, Centurio senex,
Choeroniscus
godmani,
Dermanura
phaeotis, Eptesicus
furinalis,
Glossophaga commissarisi, G. soricina, Micronycteris
min
uta,
Mimon
bennettii, Molossops greenhalli, Molossus ater, Molossus
molossus,
Phyllostomus
discolor, Pteronotus davyi, Rhogeessa
tumida,
Saccopteryx bilineata,
Sturnira
lilium, Uroderma bilo-
batum,
Vampyressa pusilla, Vampyrops helleri, and Vampyrum
spectrum in Honduras (Lee and Bradley 1992);
Lonchophylla
ro-
busta, Molossops abrasus, and 19 other species of bats in Peru
(Graham and Barkley 1984); and Eptesicus
furinalis
in Bolivia
(Ibanez and Ochoa G. 1989).
The stomach of a specimen from Bolivia contained Orthoptera
(Grillidae-Anderson 1997). No internal or external parasites are
known.
GENETICS. The 2n =48 and FN =56 (Varella-Garcia et
al. 1989). Twenty-four genetic loci encoding for 14 proteins indicate
that E.
hansae
is divergent genetically· and morphologically from
other species of
Eumops
(Dolan and Honeycutt 1978).
REMARKS.
Eumops
is from the Greek prefix eu meaning
"good" or
"true"
and the Malayan mops meaning bat (Jaeger 1955).
The specific epithet
hansae
refers to the type locality Colonia Han-
sa, Brazil.
We thank L. L. Thornton, A. M. Krista, and other personnel
in the Interlibrary Loan Department at Auburn University R. B.
Draughon Library for assistance in obtaining articles from other
institutions; 1. L. Eger and M. D. Engstrom for loaning us the spec-
imen illustrated in Fig. 1; W. B. Robinson for helping in the prep-
aration of Fig. 1; T. E. Rodriguez for preparing Fig. 2; J. C. Rainey
for assistance in translating Spanish and Portuguese articles; and
J. B. Armstrong, M. K. Causey, C. Lopez-Conzalez, R. Gregorin,
and S. J. Presley for critically evaluating an early draft of the manu-
script. This is journal article 15-985997 of the Alabama Agricul-
tural Experiment Station.
LITERATURE CITED
Lips have microscopic wrinkles that are not deep (Freeman 1981).
Basisphenoid pits are well developed, sharply defined, and mod-
erate to deep (Eger 1977; Freeman 1981). Lateral lambdoidal crests
are not well developed (Freeman 1981).
Dental formula is i 1/2, c
Ill,
p2/2, m3/3, total 30 (Eisenberg
1989; Mares et al. 1989). Lower incisors of E.
hansae
are nearly
in a straight line. Outer incisor (12) is ca. lh the size of inner one
(II), and edge of crown projects over anterior face of
II.
Tips of
upper
incisors are ca. 1 mm apart (Gardner et al. 1970; Sanborn
1932). The 3rd commissure of M3 is well developed and is as long
as 2nd (Eger 1977).
ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION. In Peru, an adult
male had testes that were 6 by 3 mm on 3 November (Graham and
Barkley 1984). In Mexico, 2 females observed in May were not
reproductively active (Alvarez-Castaneda and Alvarez 1991). In Bo-
livia, a sexually inactive female was present on 28 August (Ibanez
and Ochoa G. 1989).
ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. The
Hansa
mastiff bat flies
in the
upper
levels of the canopy (Fenton 1972). E.
hansae
occurs
in tropical forests off coastal areas in Mexico (Alvarez-Castaneda
and Alvarez 1991) and from a site on the Caribbean coast in Hon-
duras that once was characterized by dense broadleaf evergreen
forest; some of which still remains (Lee and Bradley 1992). In South
America, it occurs in the eastern Brazilian highlands and coast and
in the Amazon Basin (Koopman 1982). In Brazil, E.
hansae
occurs
in the Amazonian and Mata Atlantican biomes (da Fonseca et al.
1996). In Venezuela, E.
hansae
occurs in low-elevation, moist-
multi stratal, tropical-evergreen forest (Eisenberg 1989), and has
been
observed over ponds, large clearings, and evergreen forests;
1 was present inside a roost cavity located in a
dead
standing tree
in a large lagoon (Handley 1976). In French Guiana, the
Hansa
mastiff bat was captured in a mistnet suspended
10-13
m over a
narrow dirt road in lowland rainforest (Simmons and Voss 1998).
In Peru, E.
hansae
flew over a small river bordered by tall, tropical,
lowland forest in hilly terrain (Graham and Barkley 1984). In Bo-
livia, the
Hansa
mastiff bat occurred in a savanna area
near
the
edge of a forest (Ibanez and Ochoa G. 1989); 1 specimen was cap-
tured in a net between
2000
and
2200
h(Anderson 1997).
Bats captured with E.
hansae
include Artibeus jamaicensis,
ALVAREZ,
T.,
AND
S. T.
ALVAREZ-CASTANEDA.
1990. Cuatro nuevos
registros de murcielagos (Chiroptera) del estado de Chiapas.
Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas
55:157-
161.
ALVAREZ-CASTANEDA,
S. T.,
AND
T.
ALVAREZ.
1991. Los murcie-
lagos de Chiapas. Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Na-
cional de Ciencias Bio16gicas, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mex-
ICO.
ANDERSON,
S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distri-
bution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
231:1-652.
BARQUEZ,
R. M., M. A.
MARES,
AND
1. K.
BRAUN.
1999. The bats
of Argentina. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech
University
42:1-275.
CABRERA,
A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del
Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturelles
"Bernardino Rivadavia"
4:1-732.
DA
FONSECA,
G. A. B., G.
HERRMANN,
Y. L. R.
LEITE,
R. A. MIT-
TERMEIER,
A. B.
RYLANDS,
AND
1. L.
PATTON.
1996. Lista
anotada los mamfferos do Brasil. Occasional Papers in Con-
servation Biology (Conservation International) 4:
1-38.
DOLAN,
P. G.,
AND
R. L.
HONEYCUTT.
1978. Systematic and evo-
lutionary implications of genic variation in the mastiff bat,
Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Bat Research News 19:72.
EGER,
J. L. 1977. Systematics of the genus Eumops (Chiroptera:
Molossidae). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Mu-
seum
110:1-69.
EISENBERG,
J. F. 1989. Mammals of the Neotropics. The northern
Neotropics: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname,
French Guiana. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Il-
linois 1:
1-449.
FENTON,
M. B. 1972. The structure of aerial-feeding bat faunas as
indicated by ears and wing elements. Canadian Journal of Zo-
ology
50:287-296.
FREEMAN,
P.
~
1981. Amultivariate study of the family Molos-
sidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution.
Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series
7:1-173.
GARDNER,
A. L., R. K. LA
VAL,
AND
D. E.
WILSON.
1970. The
distributional status of some Costa Rican bats. Journal of
Mammalogy
51:712-729.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-abstract/doi/10.2307/0.687.1/2600181
by guest
on 01 January 2018

687-Eumops
hansae
MAMMALIAN
SPECIES
3
GRAHAM,
G. L.,
AND
L. 1.
BARKLEY.
1984. Noteworthy
records
of
bats
from
Peru.
Journal
of Mammalogy 65:709-711.
HALL, E. R. 1981.
The
mammals
of North
America.
Second
edi-
tion.
John
Wiley &Sons, New York
1:1-600
+90.
HANDLEY,
C.
0.,
JR. 1955. A new
species
of
free-tailed
bat
(genus
Eumops) from Brazil.
Proceedings
of
the
Biological Society of
Washington 68:1
77-1
78.
HANDLEY,
C.
0.,
JR. 1976.
Mammals
of the
Smithsonian
Vene-
zuelan
project.
Brigham
Young University
Science
Bulletin,
Biological
Series
20(5):1-89.
IBA~EZ,
C.,
AND
J.
OCHOA
G. 1989. New
records
of
bats
from
Bolivia.
Journal
of Mammalogy 70:216-219.
JAEGER,
E. C. 1955. A
source-book
of biological
names
and
terms.
Third
edition.
Charles
C
Thomas
Publisher,
Springfield, Illi-
nOIS.
JONES,
J. K., JR., J.
ARROYO-CABRALES,
AND
R. D.
OWEN.
1988.
Revised
checklist
of
bats
(Chiroptera) of Mexico
and
Central
America.
Occasional
Papers,
The
Museum,
Texas
Tech
Uni-
versity 120:1-34.
KOOPMAN,
K. F. 1982. Biogeography of
the
bats
of
South
America.
Pp,
273-302
in
Mammalian
biology in
South
America
(M. A.
Mares
and
H. H. Genoways, eds.).
The
Pymatuning
Symposia
in Ecology,
Special
Publication
Series,
Pymatuning
Laboratory
of Ecology, University of
Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
6:1-539.
KOOPMAN,
K. F. 1993.
Order
Chiroptera.
Pp.
137-241 in Mammal
species
of the world: a taxonomic
and
geographic
reference
(D. E.
Wilson
and
D. M.
Reeder,
eds.).
Smithsonian
Institution
Press,
Washington, D.C.
KOOPMAN,
K. F. 1994. Chiroptera:
systematics.
Handbook
of zo-
ology: a
natural
history of the
phyla
of
the
animal
kingdom.
VIII. Mammalia. Walter de Gruyter, New York.
LEE, T. E., JR.,
AND
R. D.
BRADLEY.
1992. New
distributional
records
of
some
mammals
from
Honduras.
The
Texas
Journal
of
Science
44:109-111.
MARES,
M. A., R. M.
BARQUEZ,
1. K.
BRAUN,
AND
R. A.
OJEDA.
1996.
Observations
on
the
mammals
of
Tucuman
Province,
Argentina. I. Systematics,
distribution,
and
ecology of the Di-
delphimorphia,
Xenarthra,
Chiroptera,
Primates,
Carnivora,
Perissodactyla,
Artiodactyla,
and
Lagomorpha.
Annals
of Car-
negie
Museum
65:89-152.
MARES,
M. A., R. A. OJEDA,
AND
R. M.
BARQUEZ.
1989.
Guide
to
the
mammals
of
Salta
Province,
Argentina. University of
Okla-
homa
Press,
Norman.
SANBORN,
C. C. 1932.
The
bats
of
the
genus
Eumops.
Journal
of
Mammalogy 13:347-357.
SIMMONS,
N. B.,
AND
R. S.
VOSS.
1998.
The
mammals
of
Paracou,
French
Guiana:
a N
eotropical
lowland rainforest
fauna
part
1.
Bats.
Bulletin
of the
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
237:1-219.
VARELLA-GARcIA,
M., E.
MORIELLE-VERSUTE,
AND
V. A.
TADDEI.
1989. A
survey
of cytogenetic
data
on
Brazilian
bats.
Revista
Brasileira
de
Genetica
12:761-793.
Associate
editors
of
this
account
were
ELAINE
ANDERSON,
LESLIE
N.
CARRAWAY,
and
LUI
MARINELLI.
Editor
was
VIRGINIA
HAYSSEN.
T. L. BEST, J. L. HUNT, L. A.
MCWILLIAMS,
AND
K. G.
SMITH,
DEPARTMENT
OF
BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES
AND
ALABAMA
AGRICULTUR-
AL
EXPERIMENT
STATION,
331
FUNCHESS
HALL,
AUBURN
UNIVER-
SITY,
ALABAMA
36849-5414.
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article-abstract/doi/10.2307/0.687.1/2600181
by guest
on 01 January 2018