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Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population
Abstract and Figures
(Those listed here were responsible for the technical coordination and formulation of these official national dietary guidelines issued by the Brazilian federal Ministry of Health. The abstract is taken from the preamble by the General Coordination of Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Brasília)
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends, in its Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, that governments formulate and periodically revise national guidelines on food and nutrition. Revised and updated versions should take into account changes in population dietary patterns and states of health and disease, and also progress of scientific knowledge. These Guidelines are aimed at supporting food and
nutrition education actions and national food and nutrition programmes and policies in Brazil.
Creation of dietary guidelines is part of a set of several national intersectoral actions that aim to improve the standards of diet and nutrition of the population and contribute toward promoting health. WHO therefore
proposes that governments provide information and guidance to facilitate healthier food choices and habits, taking into account national and local food cultures, written for everybody and presented clearly and
attractively
The Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population are part of the general strategy to promote adequate and healthy eating, which in turn is part of the Brazilian national policy for food and nutrition. Adequate and healthy diet is a basic human right. This right implies ensuring permanent and regular access, in a socially fair manner, to food and ways of eating that satisfy the social and biological requirements of everybody. It also takes into account special dietary needs, and the needs to be culturally appropriate, and allow for differences in gender,
race, and ethnicity. Adequate and healthy diet should be accessible both physically and financially, and harmonious in quantity and quality, meeting the needs of variety, balance, moderation, and pleasure. Furthermore, it should derive from sustainable practices of production and distribution.
Thus, these Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population are designed to support and encourage healthy eating practices personally and collectively and also to support policies, programmes, and actions whose purpose is to encourage, protect, and promote the good health and the food and nutrition security of the whole Brazilian population
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... Our findings confirm and extend current dietary advice to reduce red and processed meat intake, 39 increase intake of plant foods, 40 and consume minimally processed rather than ultra-processed foods. 41 Evidence from modelling the Heart Foundation and EAT-Lancet protein recommendations indicate that the complete replacement of red meat from the diet is not necessary to obtain health benefits, however both scenarios required considerable reduction in current intakes. While red and processed meat reduction without replacement might be appropriate given the obesogenic environment, 4 the scenarios modelled provide practical options of what red and processed meat should be replaced with. ...
Background
What we eat is fundamental to human and planetary health, with the current global dietary transition towards increased red meat intakes and ultra-processed foods likely detrimental.
Methods
We modelled five red and processed meat replacement scenarios to consider health, equity, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), and cost outcomes using an established multistate life table model using data from New Zealand as a case study of a developed, westernised country. Current red and processed meat intakes were replaced with: minimally or ultra-processed plant based meat alternatives, cellular meat, or diets in line with EAT-Lancet or Heart Foundation recommendations on red meat intake. We then conducted a systematic review of literature from database inception to 14 November 2022 to identify implemented population-level meat replacement strategies which could inform evidence-based recommendations to achieve any benefits observed in modelling. PROSPERO CRD42020200023.
Findings
When compared with current red and processed meat intakes, all red and processed meat replacement scenarios were nutritionally adequate and improved overall Quality Adjusted Life Years (159–297 per 1000 people over life course for the five scenarios modelled). Age standardised per capita health gain for Māori was 1.6–2.3 times that of non-Māori. Health system cost savings were $2530–$5096 per adult, and GHGe reduced 19–35%. Finally, grocery cost varied (↓7%–↑2%) per modelled scenario when compared with baseline costs. The greatest benefits for all outcomes were achieved by meat replacement with minimally-processed plant-based foods, such as legumes. The systematic review identified only two implemented population-level strategies to reduce meat intakes within the academic literature.
Interpretation
All meat replacement scenarios considered indicated appreciable health gains and GHGe reductions. Replacement with minimally-processed plant-based foods appeared consistently superior than other scenarios. Evidence of real-world population strategies to achieve these benefits however is currently lacking.
Funding
Healthier Lives National Science Challenge (Grant UOOX1902).
... A new edition of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population was 102 recently published (Martins et al., 2014) and one of the innovations in this guideline 103 was the classification of foods according to the degree of processing, named 'NOVA,' 104 which brought a new perspective to the approach of studying a diet's quality. The ...
Abstract
The present study explored the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with food addiction in overweight children. The prevalence of food addiction was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children in overweight 9-11 year-old children (BMI/age ≥1 Z score) of both sexes from two schools (n = 139). Food intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire and the food items were classified into 4 categories: minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods (UPF), based on their degree of processing. Among the children, 95% showed at least one of the seven symptoms of food addiction and 24% presented with a diagnosis of food addiction. In analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex, a tendency of higher consumption of added sugar (refined sugar, honey, corn syrup) and UPF was found among those diagnosed with food addiction. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for sugar, sodium and fat ingestion showed that consumption of cookies/biscuits (OR = 4.19, p = 0.015) and sausages (OR = 11.77, p = 0.029) were independently associated with food addiction. The identification of foods that may be associated with addictive behavior is very important for correctly treating and preventing childhood obesity, which continues to be one of the greatest health problems in the world.
The hypothesis of the present study is that the polymorphisms in the APOC3, CEPT, ACE and ACTN3 genes can affect the outcome of nutritional intervention and the plasma lipid profile of HIV+ patients. To test the hypothesis, genetic material was collected from buccal cells, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Sixty-five patients were analyzed. The incorporation of protease inhibitor (PI) was more frequent in women (77% vs. 33% in men). Nutritional intervention improved anthropometric parameters independent of the genotype. Patients with the RR genotype for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism had lower glycemia (RR = 95.4±6.5; RX = 102.6±10.6; XX = 110.1±16.3 mg/dL; p=0.03) and a greater reduction in low-density-lipoproteins after intervention (LDL: RR = -23.7±15.8; RX = 1.32±5.13; XX = 30.21±24.4 mg/dL; p=0.01). Patients using PI had a negative response to dietary intervention regarding the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; -2.4±1.70 with-PI, 2.56±1.60 mg/dL without-PI; p=0.02), very-low density-lipoprotein (VLDL; 0.84±2.73 with-IP; -5.46±3.37 mg/dL without-PI, p=0.03) and triglycerides (TG; 1.79±13.22 with PI; -34.00±17.67 mg/dL without PI; p=0. 052). This response was also independent of the genotype (p>0.05) and suggested the need for oral lipid-lowering drugs in all HIV+ patients using PI. Our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is a good predictor of both the lipid profile and the prognosis of nutritional intervention in reducing LDL in HIV+ patients.
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