Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract

This survey presents the first species list of the poroid fungi (Polyporales and related genera) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, the largest area of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. A total of 68 species, 38 genera and ten families were found in the studied area. Antrodiella luteocontexta, Ceriporiopsis flavilutea, Diplomitoporus navisporus, Flaviporus venustus, Grammothele fuligo, Oxyporus latemarginatus, Perenniporia cremeopora, Postia subcaesia and Postia tephroleuca are recorded for the first time to São Paulo State and Dichomitus campestris and Postia undosa represent the first records in Brazil. Full description of the new records in Brazil, comments about the new records in São Paulo State, as well as pictures and an identification key are provided.

Full text

Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 1 tab., 13 g., 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-93/2016
Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque
Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil1
Ricardo Matheus Pires2,3, Viviana Motato-Vásquez2, Mauro Carpes Westphalen2 and
Adriana de Mello Gugliotta2
Received: 9.11.2016; accepted: 3.02.2017
ABSTRACT - (Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo
State, Brazil). This survey presents the rst species list of the poroid fungi (Polyporales and related genera) from Parque
Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, the largest area of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. A total of 68 species, 38
genera and ten families were found in the studied area. Antrodiella luteocontexta, Ceriporiopsis avilutea, Diplomitoporus
navisporus, Flaviporus venustus, Grammothele fuligo, Oxyporus latemarginatus, Perenniporia cremeopora, Postia subcaesia
and Postia tephroleuca are recorded for the rst time to São Paulo State and Dichomitus campestris and Postia undosa
represent the rst records in Brazil. Full description of the new records in Brazil, comments about the new records in São
Paulo State, as well as pictures and an identication key are provided.
Keywords: Brazilian Atlantic forest, Fungal diversity, Neotropics, Taxonomy
RESUMO - (Polyporales e gêneros poroides semelhantes (Basidiomycota) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Estado
de São Paulo, Brasil). Esta pesquisa apresenta a primeira lista de espécies dos fungos poroides (Polyporales e gêneros
relacionados) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, a maior área de Mata Atlântica no Brasil. Um
total de 68 espécies, 38 gêneros e dez famílias foram encontradas na área estudada. Antrodiella luteocontexta, Ceriporiopsis
avilutea, Diplomitoporus navisporus, Flaviporus venustus, Grammothele fuligo, Oxyporus latemarginatus, Perenniporia
cremeopora, Postia subcaesia e Postia tephroleuca são registradas pela primeira vez para o Estado de São Paulo e Dichomitus
campestris e Postia undosa representam o primeiro registro no Brasil. A descrição completa dos novos registros no Brasil,
comentários sobre os novos registros no estado de São Paulo, fotos e uma chave de identicação são fornecidos.
Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica brasileira, diversidade fúngica, neotrópico, taxonomia
1. Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro Autor
2. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Stefano 3.687, 04301-012 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
3. Corresponding author: sals.bio@gmail.com
Introduction
Polypores belong to class Agaricomycetes
Doweld in the Basidiomycota; they grow mostly
lignicolous and are characterized by the presence of
a hymenophore formed by parallel tubes that lead into
a surface composed by pores, which are inseparable
from the context, a feature that makes them different
from Boletales E.J. Gilbert (Ryvarden 1991). These
fungi are extremely important for nutrient cycling and
play a fundamental role in wood decay due to their
system of lignocellulolytic enzymes (Ryvarden 1991,
Begon et al. 2006).
Polyporales Gäum. is considered one of
the most problematic groups of fungi from a
taxonomic and systematic viewpoint. Based on
molecular phylogenetic results, the order has been
divided into four lineages, the ‘antrodia clade’,
the ‘polyporoid clade’, the ‘phlebioid clade’, and
a ‘residual polyporoid clade’, which often unite
genera previously considered unrelated (Hibbett &
Donoghue 1995, Larsson et al. 2004, Binder et al.
2005; 2013, Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011, Miettinen
et al. 2011). The position of the ‘residual polyporoid
clade’ remains uncertain and some taxa (e.g.
Gelatoporia Niemelä, Grifola Gray and Tyromyces P.
Karst) apparently do not belong to any of these main
lineages. Families such as Hydnodontaceae Jülich and
Schizoporaceae Jülich and many polyporoid genera
as Trichaptum Murrill (Incertae sedis) are included
in the order Hymenochaetales. However, poroid taxa
are morphologically and ecologically related and have

146 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
been historically studied together; for this reason,
also poroid genera not belonging to Polyporales were
included in this study.
Many studies on polypores have been carried out
in Brazil, and many of them in areas of the Atlantic
forest (Bononi et al. 1981, Jesus 1993, Gugliotta &
Bononi 1999, Xavier-Santos et al. 2004, Louza &
Gugliotta 2007, Leal & Gugliotta 2008, Abrahão et al.
2009, Baltazar & Gibertoni 2009, Gugliotta et al.
2010, 2011, 2015, Westphalen & Silveira 2008, 2013,
Westphalen &. 2010, Motato-Vásquez & Gugliotta
2014, Motato-Vásquez et al. 2015, Pires & Gugliotta
2016). The Atlantic forest, which originally occupied
1,315,460 km² of Brazilian territory, presently only
covers about 8% of its original area (Fundação SOS
Mata Atlântica and INPE 2009, 2011), being placed
in the top ve list of the biologically richest and
most threatened regions (biodiversity hotspots) on
the planet (Mittermeier et al. 2004). In Brazil, the
Atlantic forest includes the second largest area of
tropical forest ecosystem, including different types
of vegetation as ombrophilous, mountain, inland
and Araucaria forest (Secretaria de Estado de Meio
Ambiente 1996). São Paulo State contains a signicant
portion of this important phytogeographic domain,
with 26,703.24 km², which occurs mainly along the
coast and on the slopes of Serra do Mar, corresponding
to 15.78% of the state’s territory (Fundação SOS Mata
Atlântica and INPE 2011).
Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar represents the
largest continuous area of preserved Atlantic forest in
Brazil (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente 2008);
however, so far little is known about the community
of poroid fungi. This study was aimed to survey
species included in Polyporales and similar genera
of poroid fungi present in the park. A list of recorded
species, descriptions of the new records in Brazil,
comments on the new records in São Paulo State, and
an identication key are provided.
Materials and methods
Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM),
managed by Instituto Florestal, is a protected area that
hosts the largest area of Atlantic forest in Brazil. With
3,153.9 km², it encompasses 11 coastal municipalities
and 15 municipalities located on the Atlantic Plateau
in São Paulo state (Secretaria de Estado de Meio
Ambiente 2000). Due to the extent of the park and
the heterogeneity of its socio-cultural, historical and
environmental features, it is managed in eight units.
Among these, the Núcleo Santa Virgínia (45°03' to
45°11' W and 23°24' to 23°17' S) is located in the
municipality of São Luiz do Paraitinga and Natividade
da Serra. The unit covers a total area of 170 km², with
altitudinal range of 860 m to 1650 m, and maximum
temperature of 35 °C, medium 21 °C, and minimum
-3°C (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente 2008).
A permit for sampling in the park was issued by
the Instituto Florestal (Carta COTEC nº. 155/2013
D201/2011 PGH). Collections in the study area
were carried out bimonthly from April 2013 to
February 2015 and all studied materials were
collected by Ricardo M. Pires. The basidiomata were
photographed, georeferenced, collected with a knife,
and individually packed in paper bags. Data such as
date of collection, collector number, substrate, color
and other macroscopic features were noted (Fidalgo
& Bononi 1984). Macroscopic analysis included
description of features such as: habit and habitat
of the basidiomata; shape, surface, margin and size
of the pileus, color, shape and number of pores per
millimeter; shape, color, consistency, surface, apex,
base and size of the stipe (when present). The color
was described according to Küppers (2002).
For microscopic analysis, freehand cuts were
performed in cross sections of the tubes to observe
the hymenium and trama structures. The sections
were treated with KOH 5% solution and stained
with 1% Phloxine. Melzer’s reagent was used for
evidence of amyloid and dextrinoid reactions. The
sections were observed under a Leica DM1000
optical microscope. The structures were analyzed and
described based on color, cell walls, reactions and size
of the basidiospores; shape, color, wall, sterigmate
number and size of basidia; shape, color and size
of sterile elements; and color and type of hyphae.
Twenty to 30 measurements were taken from each
structure present. Measurements of the length and
width of basidiospores, basidia (without sterigmata),
and cystidia were also taken. For basidiospores, the
measurement of Q represents the variation of the ratio
between the length and the width of approximately 100
basidiospores of each species, and Qm that represents
the average value of Q (Coelho 2005). The specimens
were deposited at the Herbarium Maria Eneyda P. K.
Fidalgo (SP) of the Instituto de Botânica. The literature
consulted for identication were mainly Lowe (1966),
Ryvarden & Johansen (1980), Ryvarden (1991) and
Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993, 1994), as well as all the
specialized literature from which the distribution data
of the species was extracted (see below the entries for
new records).

Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 147
Results and Discussion
A total of 68 species, 38 genera and ten families
were found in the study area. Dichomitus campestris
(Quél.) Domanski & Orlicz and Postia undosa (Peck)
Jülich are recorded for the first time for Brazil.
Furthermore, Antrodiella luteocontexta Ryvarden
& de Meijer, Ceriporiopsis flavilutea (Murrill)
Ryvarden, Diplomitoporus navisporus Gibertoni &
Ryvarden, Flaviporus venustus A. David & Rajchenb.,
Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden,
Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk,
Postia subcaesia (A. David) Jülich and Postia
tephroleuca (Fr.) Jülich are recorded for São Paulo
state for the rst time.
Antrodiella luteocontexta Ryvarden & de Meijer
Figures 1-3
Polyporales, Phanerochaetaceae
Description: Ryvarden & de Meijer (2002).
Remarks: the species is characterized by the pileate
and annual basidioma with imbricate, broadly sessile
and gregarious pilei, yellow context (Küppers color
chart: N00A60M30), with large, round to angular pores
(1-2 per mm), and small, cylindrical basidiospores
(3.0-3.5 × 1.4-2.0 μm).
Distribution in Brazil: previously only recorded for the
Atlantic forest in Brazil in the State of Paraná (Ryvarden
& de Meijer 2002) and now also for São Paulo.
Specimens examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São
Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do
Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 25-IV-2014, R.M. Pires
299 (SP-466227); 26-IV-2014, R.M. Pires 318 (SP-
446275).
Ceriporiopsis avilutea (Murrill) Ryvarden ≡ Poria
avilutea Murrill, Mycologia 13(3): 176 (1921)
Figure 4
Polyporales, Phanerochaetaceae
Description: Lowe (1966).
Remarks: Ceriporiopsis avilutea is recognized by its
annual and small basidiomata up to 1 mm thick, with
white and cottony margins, small angular pores (6-8 per
mm) and small basidiospores (2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.0 μm).
Distribution in Brazil: previously only recorded in the
Atlantic forest in Brazil in the State of Rio Grande do
Norte (Gibertoni et al. 2004) and now in São Paulo.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 13-VI-2013, R.M. Pires et al.
87 (SP-466094).
Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Domanski & Orlicz ≡
Trametes campestris Quél., Mémoires de la Société
d’Émulation de Montbéliard 5:286 (1872)
Figure 5
Polyporales, Polyporaceae
Description: Basidiomata annual to perennial,
resupinate, typically cushion-shaped, distinctly
thickened in the center, oblong to oval, up to 15
mm thick in center and up to 10 cm long. Margin
narrow, dirty ochraceous to blackish (Küppers color
chart: N99A70M70). Pore surface tan to straw (Küppers
color chart: N20A60M30) with angular pores (1-2 per
mm). Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae
clamped, hyaline, thin-walled, 2.5-4.0 μm wide;
binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled, straight to
slightly sinuous, dichotomous branching, dextrinoid,
(3.5-)4.0-8.0 μm wide. Basidiospores cylindrical,
hyaline and thin-walled, negative in Melzer’s reagent,
10-13 × 4.5-5.5 μm, Q = 2.0–2.7 and Qm = 2.4.
Remarks: the cushion-shaped basidiomata with
blackish margins are diagnostic for this species.
The basidiospores of our material are slightly
shorter than described by Ryvarden & Gilbertson
(1993), (13-19 × 4.0-5.5 μm), but similar to those
materials described in Domansky & Orlikz (1966),
(9.0-12.5 × 3.5-4.5 μm) and this may be considered
a normal variation within the species. This species is
common in Europe and considered rare in America,
recorded from United Stated and Mexico by Ryvarden
& Gilbertson (1993).
Distribution in Brazil: this is the rst record of the
species in Brazil, and as far as we known it is the
rst record of the species in South America and in
the phytogeographic domain of the Atlantic Forest.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 13-VI-2013, R.M. Pires et al.
51 (SP-466079).
Diplomitoporus navisporus Gibertoni & Ryvarden
Figure 6
Polyporales, Polyporaceae
Description: Gibertoni et al. (2004).

148 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
Remarks: the species presents perennial and resupinate
basidiomata, a trimitic hyphal system and fusoid
cystidioles. The navicular basidiospores, 4.1-5.0 ×
2.0-2.7 μm in size, and the small regular pores (7-9
per mm) are diagnostic.
Distribution in Brazil: this species was only known
from the type locality in Pernambuco state (Gibertoni
et al. 2014). This study represents the rst record of
the species in São Paulo State.
Specimens examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São
Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 31-X-2013, R.M. Pires et al.
180 (SP-466153).
Flaviporus venustus A. David & Rajchenb.
Figure 7
Polyporales, Meruliaceae
Description: David & Rajchenberg (1985).
Remarks: this species is very easy to recognize in
eld due to its eshy and large basidiomata, whitish
pink (Küppers color chart: A10M40C00), translucid and
brittle. The species shrinks when dried, becoming
rigid and hard. Microscopically, it is characterized by
the small, ovoid basidiospores (3.5-4.5 × 2.5-3.2 μm)
and the monomitic hyphal system with hyphae deeply
immersed in a resinous substance, which makes them
difcult to be observed in dried specimens.
Distribution in Brazil: previously only known from
the southern region of Brazil in Paraná, Santa Catarina
and Rio Grande do Sul States (Ryvarden & de Meijer
2002, Silveira & Guerrero 1991). This study represents
the rst record of the species in the southeast region
of Brazil, in São Paulo State.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 12-II-2014, R.M. Pires et al.
262 (SP-466208).
Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden ≡
Polyporus fuligo Berk. & Broome, Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society 14: 53 (1875)
Figure 8
Polyporales, Polyporaceae
Description: Reck & Silveira (2009).
Remarks: the species can be recognized by its
association with monocotyledons, and macroscopically
by the annual, resupinate, widely effused and strongly
adnate basidiomata and by the bluish gray pore surface
(Küppers color chart: N40M00C00). Grammothele fuligo
is separated from other species of the genus by the
smaller pores (7-10 per mm).
Distribution in Brazil: the species was previously
known from the Amazonas, Roraima and Santa
Catarina states (Loguercio-Leite 1990, Reck &
Silveira 2009). This study represents the rst record
of the species in São Paulo State and Southeast region.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 19-XII-2013, R.M. Pires et al.
211 (SP-466176).
Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk ≡
Polyporus latemarginatus Durieu & Mont., Sylloge
generum specierumque plantarum cryptogamarum:
163 (1856)
Figure 9
Hymenochaetales, Schizoporaceae
Description: Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1994)
Remarks: Oxyporus latemarginatus is recognized
by the resupinate white to straw (Küppers color
chart: N00A50M10) basidiomata. Microscopically, it
is characterized by the monomitic hyphal system,
generative hyphae with simple septa, rather small,
apically encrusted cystidia (13-30 × 4.0-7.0 μm) and
ellipsoid basidiospores (3.8-4.8 × 2.6-3.2 μm).
Distribution in Brazil: the species was previously
known from the Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio
Grande do Sul states (Ryvarden & de Meijer 2002,
Loguercio-Leite et al. 2008, Baltazar & Gibertoni
2009). This study represents the rst record of the
species in the southeast region of Brazil, in São Paulo
State.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 12-II-2014, R.M. Pires et al.
260 (SP-466206).
Postia subcaesia (A. David) Jülich ≡ Tyromyces
subcaesius A. David, Bulletin Mensuel de la
Société Linnéenne de Lyon 43: 120 (1974)
Figure 11
Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae
Description: Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1994).

Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 149
Remarks: macroscopically, P. subcaesia has soft and
watery basidiomata when fresh, white to ochraceous
pileus (Küppers color chart: N30C10A00), with slightly
grayish to bluish tints in spots and pubescent pileus surface.
Microscopically, the allantoid and slightly amyloid
basidiospores (4.0-5.0 × 1.0-1.2) and metachromatic
generative hyphae are helpful in the identication.
Distribution in Brazil: previously only known from the
southern region of Brazil in Paraná, Santa Catarina and
Rio Grande do Sul states (Ryvarden & de Meijer 2002,
Loguercio-Leite et al. 2008). This study represents the
rst record of the species in the southeast region of
Brazil in São Paulo State.
Specimens examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São
Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 12-VI-2013, R.M. Pires et al.
75 (SP-466088); R.M. Pires et al. 78 (SP-466089);
29-X-2013, R.M. Pires et al. 139 (SP-466124).
Postia tephroleuca (Fr.) Jülich ≡ Polyporus
tephroleucus Fr., Systema Mycologicum 1: 360
(1821)
Figure 12
Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae
Description: Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1994).
Remarks: Postia tephroleuca is distinguished by the
velvety to tomentose pileus, pores (3-4 per mm),
monomitic hyphal system, clamped and metachromatic
generative hyphae and by the cylindrical to allantoid
basidiospores (4.5-6.0 × 1.0-1.5 μm). Postia
tephroleuca is reported in the literature as a species
that produces brown rot and is similar to Tyromyces
leucomallus (Berk. & Curt.) Murril. However, T.
leucomallus has smaller pores (5-7 per mm) and
smaller basidiospores (3.5-4.5 × 1.0 µm).
Distribution in Brazil: previously only known from the
southern region of Brazil in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul
states (Ryvarden & de Meijer 2002, Baltazar & Gibertoni
2009). This study represents the rst record of the species
in the southeast region of Brazil, in São Paulo State.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo
Santa Virgínia, 27-IV-2014, R.M. Pires 331 (SP-466249).
Postia undosa (Peck) Jülich ≡ Polyporus undosus
Peck, Annual Report on the New York State
Museum of Natural History 34: 42 (1881)
Figure 13
Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae
Description: Basidiomata annual, effused-reflexed
to resupinate, with a narrow and elongated pileus,
single or imbricate with numerous small pilei and
pore surface decurrent. Margin characteristically
undulate; upper surface white to light cream (Küppers
color chart: N10A40M30), nely adpressed velutinate,
becoming glabrous and smooth with age, pore surface
cream, pores angular to irregular, 2-3 per mm. Hyphal
system monomitic, generative hyphae clamped and
metachromatic, contextual hyphae rarely to frequently
branched, with abundant clamps, thick-walled,
3.5-7.0 μm and generative hyphae in the subhymenium
rather thin-walled, 2.0-4.0 μm. Basidiospores cylindrical
to allantoid, hyaline and smooth, negative in Melzer’s
reagent, 4.0-5.0 × 1.5-2.1 μm, Q = 2.2-2.9 and Qm = 2.5.
Remarks: the undulate margin and the large pores are
good eld characters (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994).
Furthermore, the cylindrical to allantoid basidiospores
and metachromatic generative hyphae are important
to distinguish this species. Postia undosa is widely
distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, found on
gymnosperms or rarely on angiosperms in southern
Canada, the northern half of the United States and in
Europe; associated with brown rot (Lowe 1966). In
Africa, is was only observed on angiosperms (Ryvarden
& Johansen 1980). Our specimen was found growing
on a dead log, preventing the identication of the plant.
Distribution in Brazil: This is the rst record of the
species in Brazil, and as far as we known it is the rst
record of the species in South America.
Specimen examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Luiz
do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar,
Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 31-X-2013, R.M. Pires 189
(SP-466161).
Identication key to species of Polyporales and
similar genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual
da Serra do Mar
1. Basidiomata stipitate to pseudo-stipitate
2. Basidiospores double-walled, endospore ornamented ..................................................... Amauroderma sprucei
2. Basidiospores simple-walled
3. Stipe dark-brown to black, not concolorous with the pileus

150 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
4. Pileus surface tan to beige; pores 1-2 per mm ............................................................ Polyporus guianensis
4. Pileus surface dark brown to black; pores 5-7(-10) per mm ........................................ Polyporus dictyopus
3. Stipe cream to brown, concolorous with the pileus
5. Pileus margin usually ciliate; pores (4-)5-7 per mm ................................................ Polyporus ciliatus
5. Pileus margin non-ciliate, pores 1-5 per mm
6. Pileus surface white to pale brown; pores 1-2 per mm .......................................... Polyporus tenuiculus
6. Pileus surface ochraceous to tan; pores 3-5 per mm ...................................... Polyporus grammocephalus
1. Basidiomata resupinate to pileate sessile
7. Basidiomata strictly resupinate
8. Generative hyphae with simple septa
9. Hyphal system dimitic .............................................................................................. Flaviporus subundatus
9. Hyphal system monomitic
10. Basidiomata in shades of orange
11. Cystidia absent in the trama or hymenium ....................................................... Rigidoporus crocatus
11. Cystidia present in the trama or hymenium
12. Pore surface pinkish to brown-orange when fresh, becoming brownish to
blackish in dried specimens; basidiospores subglobose 4.0-5.0 × 3.0-4.0 µm ......... Rigidoporus vinctus
12. Pores surface isabelline to ochraceous, almost unchanging when dry;
basidiospores globose, (4.0-)5.5-6.0 µm diam. .......................................... Rigidoporus undatus
10. Basidiomata in a different color, never in shades of orange
13. Cystidia present in the trama or hymenium ................................................ Oxyporus latemarginatus
13. Cystidia absent in the trama or hymenium
14. Pore surface white; pores 1-3 per mm; basidiospores 4.0-5.0(-6.0) × 3.5-4.5(-5.0) µm ..........
.......................................................................................................... Ceriporia xylostromatoides
14. Pore surface yellow; pores 7–8 per mm; basidiospores 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.0 µm ........................
............................................................................................................... Ceriporiopsis avilutea
8. Generative hyphae with clamps
15. Skeletal hyphae dextrinoid
16. Basidiospores dextrinoid .......................................................................... Grammothelopsis puiggarii
16. Basidiospores non-dextrinoid
17. Basidiospores ornamented .................................................................... Pachykytospora alabamae
17. Basidiospores smooth
18. Basidiomata white to cream
19. Pores 1-3 per mm; hyphal pegs present .............................................. Dichomitus setulosus
19. Pores (2-)4-5 per mm; hyphal pegs absent .................................... Dichomitus cavernulosus
18. Basidiomata ochraceous to blackish
20. Basidiomata with a distinct blackish margin; pores 1-2(-3) per mm;
basidiospores 10-13 × 4.5-5.5 μm .................................................. Dichomitus campestris
20. Basidiomata with an ochraceous margin; pores 3-4 per mm; basidiospores
8.0-10 × 2.5-3.0 µm .................................................................. Dichomitus cylindrosporus
15. Skeletal hyphae non-dextrinoid
21. Basidiospores ornamented ................................................................................. Trechispora regularis
21. Basidiospores smooth
22. Cystidia present in the trama or hymenium
23. Basidiomata white to cream; capitate cystidioles present
24. Pores 2-3 per mm; basidiospores (4.5-)5.0-6.5 × 3.0-4.0(-5.0) µm .... Schizopora paradoxa
24. Pores 5-6(-7) per mm; basidiospores 3.0-4.5(-5.0) × (2.0-)2.5-3.0 µm ........................
.......................................................................................................... Schizopora avipora
23. Basidiomata in a different color; capitate cystidioles absent
25. Basidiomata yellowish, becoming red when bruised; pores 3-6 per mm .... Junghuhnia car neola
25. Basidiomata pinkish, not becoming red when bruised; pores 6-10 per mm ..................
.............................................................................................................. Junghuhnia nitida

Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 151
22. Cystidia absent in the trama or hymenium
26. Pore surface reddish-violet to lilac grey
27. Basidiospores ellipsoid to subglobose, 4.0-5.0(-5.5) × 2.5-3.0 µm;
dendrohyphidia absent; red staining the substrate; usually on dicotyledons ........................
................................................................................................. Tinctoporellus epimiltinus
27. Basidiospores cylindrical, (5.5-)6.0-8.0 × 3.0-3.5 µm; dendrohyphidia
present; no red staining the substrate; on monocotyledons ............... Grammothele fuligo
26. Pore surface white to pale brown
28. Hyphal system dimitic; basidiospores lunate, 0.5-1.0 µm wide; hyphal top
with rosette-shaped crystals ............................................................................ Sidera lenis
28. Hyphal system trimitic; basidiospores in a different form; without rosette-
shaped crystals
29. Pores 4-6 per mm; basidiospores cylindrical to slightly allantoid
4.5-5.5 × 2.5-3.0 µm ............................................................ Cinereomyces dilutabilis
29. Pores 7-9 per mm; basidiospores navicular, 4.5-5.4 × 2.0-2.7 µm ..........................
......................................................................................... Diplomitoporus navisporus
7. Basidiomata effused-reexed to pileate
30. Hyphal system monomitic
31. Generative hyphae with simple septa
32. Gloeopleurous hyphae present ........................................................................ Henninsia brasiliensis
32. Gloeopleurous hyphae absent
33. Cystidia present in the trama or hymenium ................................................. Rigidoporus lineatus
33. Cystidia absent in the trama or hymenium .............................................. Rigidoporus microporus
31. Generative hyphae with clamps
34. Basidiospores allantoid; generative hyphae with metachromatic reaction
35. Pileus margin undulate; pores 2-3 per mm ............................................................. Postia undosa
35. Pileus margin indistinct; pores smaller
36. Basidiospores slightly amyloid in Melzer’s reagent; hyphal pegs absent;
upper surface white to ochraceous with slight grayish to bluish tints in spots
and streaks, pubescent ........................................................................... Postia subcaesia
36. Basidiospores non-amyloid in Melzer’s reagent; hyphal pegs presents;
upper surface cream-coloured to mouse-grey, coarsely strigose ............... Postia tephroleuca
34. Basidiospores in other form; generative hyphae without metachromatic reaction
37. Basidiomata white to pinkish-red
38. Pores 6-10 per mm; basidiospores subglobose, 3.5-4.5 × 2.5-3.2 μm ... Flaviporus venustus
38. Pores 1-3 per mm; basidiospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 4.6-6.0 × 3.3-4.3 µm ........
............................................................................................................ Spongipellis caseosus
37. Basidiomata ochraceous to brownish
39. Pores 4–6 per mm; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 4.50-6.0 ×4.0-5.0 µm ................
.......................................................................................................... Loweomyces fractipes
39. Pores 2–4 per mm; basidiospores short-cylindrical, 5.5-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 µm ........................
........................................................................................................... Bjerkandera fumosa
30. Hyphal system di-trimitic
40. Generative hyphae with simple septa ................................................................... Laetiporus gilbertsonii
40. Generative hyphae with clamps
41. Basidiomata perennial, ungulate to applanate, up to 10 × 18 × 10 cm, gray, dark-brown
to black; pores 7-10 per mm; basidiospores yellow to rusty brown ........................... Fomes fasciatus
41. Basidiomata different shaped
42. Skeletal hyphae dextrinoid

152 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
43. Basidiospores non-dextrinoid to slightly-dextrinoid, yellowish-brown with
slightly thickened walls and non-truncate, (3.6-)3.8-5.0 × 2.2-3.2(-3.4) µm ......................
................................................................................................. Abundisporus subexibilis
43. Basidiospores strongly dextrinoid, hyaline and truncate, 12-17(-20) × 7.0-10(-11) µm ......
........................................................................................................ Truncospora ochroleuca
42. Skeletal hyphae non-dextrinoid
44. Basidiospores thick-walled and dextrinoid in mass ........................ Perenniporiella neofulva
44. Basidiospores thin-walled and non-dextrinoid
45. Cystidia present in the trama or hymenium
46. Pileus surface grayish-brown to dark-brown; cystidia cylindrical,
embedded apically, up to 15 µm length ........................................ Trichaptum sector
46. Pileus surface in a different color; cystidia larger, up to 100 µm length
47. Pore surface white to ochraceous
48. Pores 5-6 per mm; basidiospores subglobose, 4.0-5.0 × 3.5-4.0 µm ........
.................................................................................... Junghuhnia undigera
48. Pores 6-7 per mm; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid,
3.6-4.2 × 2.5-3.2 µm ........................................ Junghuhnia semisupiniformis
47. Pore surface pale straw to sulphurous yellow
49. Pore surface sulphurous yellow when fresh, paler when dry;
basidiospores 2.6−2.8 × 1.8−2.0 μm .............................. Flaviporus brownii
49. Pore surface pale tan to pale straw, often darker in older
specimens, brown to deep bay when dry; basidiospores
2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 μm ............................................. Flaviporus liebmannii
45. Cystidia absent in the trama or hymenium
50. Context white to cream to golden yellow
51. Chlamydospores presents in the dissepiment edges and cystidia
ventricose 9.0-30 × 4.5-7.0 µm .......................................... Echinoporia inermis
51. Chlamydospores absent and cystidia different shaped
52. Hyphal system dimitic
53. Basidiomata yellow to brownish yellow
54. Pores 7-8 per mm .................................... Flaviporus subhydrophilus
54. Pores 1-2 per mm ...................................... Antrodiella luteocontexta
53. Basidiomata white to pale brown
55. Basidiospores globose to broadly ellipsoid
56. Pores 7-10 per mm; skeletal hyphae densely
agglutinated and difcult to separate in the dense
context and the trama ........................ Flaviporus hydrophilus
56. Pores 2-6 per mm; skeletal hyphae non-
agglutinated
57. Irregular pores 2-4 per mm ........... Antrodiella angulatopora
57. Regular pores 4-6(-7) per mm ......... Antrodiella semisupina
55. Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical
58. Pores 5-8 per mm; basidiospores allantoid,
4.0-6.0(-6.5) × 1.5-2.0 μm ...................... Antrodiella duracina
58. Pores 1-3 per mm; basidiospores cylindrical,
(8.0-)9.5-14 × 3.5-5.0(-6.0) µm ..................... Antrodia albida
52. Hyphal system trimitic
59. Skeletal hyphae golden yellow ................................. Coriolopsis rigida
59. Skeletal hyphae hyaline

Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 153
Order/Family/ species Voucher
Polyporales
Fomitopsidaceae Jülich
Antrodia aff. albida (Fr.) Donk SP466098, SP466123, SP466150, SP466159, SP466220,
SP466237
Antrodia malicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Donk SP466077
Laetiporus gilbertsonii Burds. SP466044, SP466045, SP466046
Ganodermataceae (Donk) Donk
Amauroderma sprucei (Pat.) Torrend SP466165
Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. SP445969, SP466059, SP466071, SP466137, SP466139,
SP466199
Meripilaceae Jülich
Henningsia brasiliensis (Speg.) Speg. SP466163, SP466170, SP466177, SP466179
Rigidoporus crocatus (Pat.) Ryvarden SP446270
Rigidoporus lineatus (Pers.) Ryvarden SP466064, SP466148, SP466154, SP466166, SP466175,
SP466185, SP466196
Rigidoporus microporus (Sw.) Overeem SP466114, SP466138
Rigidoporus undatus (Pers.) Donk SP466099
Rigidoporus vinctus (Berk.) Ryvarden SP466155, SP466157, SP466198, SP466202, SP466211
Meruliaceae Rea
Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst. SP466241
Ceriporia xylostromatoides (Berk.) Ryvarden SP466142
Flaviporus brownii (Humb.) Donk SP446265
Flaviporus hydrophilus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ginns SP466134
Table 1. Polypores and similar poroid genera recorded for the rst time from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Núcleo
Santa Virgínia, São Paulo State, Brazil.
continue
60. Pores angular, 2-4 per mm; basidiospores 6.5-8.0 × 2.0-3.0(-3.5) µm ..........
.......................................................................................... Trametes villosa
60. Pores circular, above 4 per mm; basidiospores smaller
61. Pores 4-5 per mm; basidiospores cylindrical, 5.0-6.0 × 1.5-2.0 µm ......
..................................................................................... Trametes versicolor
61. Pores 5–8 per mm; basidiospores ellipsoid,
(3.0-)3.5-4.5(-5.0) × 2.5-3.0(-3.5) µm .... Trametes membranacea
50. Context brown to reddish-orange
62. Basidiomata orange to reddish-orange ........................... Pycnoporus sanguineus
62. Basidiomata of a different color, never orange
63. Crust dark-reddish to black on the pileus surface ............... Fomitella supina
63. Crust absent on the pileus surface
64. Skeletal hyphae dark fuliginous-brown to dark golden
65. Basidiospores ornamented, double walled ....... Ganoderma australe
65. Basidiospores smooth, simple walled .............. Coriolopsis caperata
64. Skeletal hyphae hyaline to yellowish
66. Pores irregular, sinuous to daedaleoid, pores 1-2 per
mm; dendrohyphidia present; basidiospores
5.0-7.0 × 2.0-2.5 µm ......................... Fuscocerrena portoricensis
66. Pores regular, pores above 2 per mm; dendrohyphidia absent
67. Pores 2–3 per mm; hyphal pegs absent; basidiospores
cylindrical, 7.0-10 × 2.5-4.0 µm ................ Antrodia malicola
67. Pores 8-10 per mm; hyphal pegs present;
basidiospores allantoid, 4.0-5.0 × 0.5-1.0 µm ... Skeletocutis nivea

154 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
Table 1 (continuation)
continue
Order/Family/ species Voucher
Flaviporus liebmannii (Fr.) Ginns SP466065, SP466072, SP466074, SP466132, SP466171,
SP466172
Flaviporus subhydrophilus (Speg.) Rajchenb. & J.E.
Wright SP446262, SP446274, SP466129
Flaviporus subundatus (Murrill) Ginns SP446276
Loweomyces fractipes (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Jülich SP466167
Phanerochaetaceae Jülich
Antrodiella angulatopora Ryvarden SP445968, SP445970, SP446269, SP466230, SP466236
Antrodiella duracina (Pat.) I. Lindblad & Ryvarden SP445966, SP446268, SP466086, SP466093, SP466149,
SP466162
Antrodiella semisupina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Ryvarden SP466076
Junghuhnia carneola (Bres.) Rajchenb. SP446259
Junghuhnia nitida (Pers.) Ryvarden SP445975
Junghuhnia semisupiniformis (Murrill) Ryvarden SP446264
Junghuhnia undigera (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden SP466118, SP466223, SP466228, SP466235, SP466247
Polyporaceae Corda
Abundisporus subexibilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Parmasto SP466116
Cinereomyces dilutabilis (Log.-Leite & J. E. Wright)
Miettinen SP446258, SP466181
Coriolopsis caperata (Berk.) Murrill SP466169
Coriolopsis rigida (Berk. & Mont.) Murrill SP466087, SP466103, SP466126, SP466130, SP466147,
SP466160, SP466194
Dichomitus cavernulosus (Berk.) Masuka & Ryvarden SP466188, SP466238
Dichomitus cylindrosporus Ryvarden SP466096, SP446261
Dichomitus setulosus (Henn.) Masuka & Ryvarden SP466242
Fomes fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke SP445965, SP466083, SP466173
Fomitella supina (Sw.) Ryvarden SP445964, SP445967, SP466067, SP466082, SP466174,
SP466195, SP466251
Fuscocerrena portoricensis (Fr.) Ryvarden SP466107, SP466115
Grammothelopsis puiggarii (Speg.) Rajchenb. & J.E.
Wrigh SP466120
Pachykytospora alabamae (Berk. & Cooke) Ryvarden SP466128
Perenniporiella neofulva (Lloyd) Decock & Ryvarden SP466219
Polyporus ciliatus Fr. SP466119, SP466122, SP466135, SP466141
Polyporus dictyopus Mont. SP466145, SP466190, SP466209, SP466229, SP466250
Polyporus grammocephalus Berk. SP466187
Polyporus guianensis Mont. SP466207
Polyporus tenuiculus (P. Beauv.) Fr. SP466060, SP466151, SP466183, SP466197, SP466201
Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill SP445972, SP445973
Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller SP446267
Spongipellis caseosus (Pat.) Ryvarden SP466117
Tinctoporellus epimiltinus (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden SP445977, SP466068, SP466178
Trametes membranacea (Sw.) Kreisel SP466127
Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd SP466225
Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel SP445974, SP445976, SP466111
Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Ryvarden SP466218, SP466245

Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 155
Table 1 (continuation)
Order/Family/ species Voucher
Rickenellaceae Vizzini
Sidera lenis (P. Karst.) Miettinen
SP466075, SP466095, SP466097, SP466101, SP466105,
SP466109, SP466110, SP466158, SP466182, SP466186,
SP466191, SP466203, SP466215, SP466221, SP466243
Hymenochaetales
Schizoporaceae Jülich
Echinoporia inermis G. Coelho SP466090, SP466152, SP466232
Schizopora avipora (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Cooke)
Ryvarden
SP466062, SP466063, SP466091, SP466140, SP466143,
SP466146, SP466156, SP466168, SP466184, SP466222,
SP466231
Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk SP466125, SP466212, SP466213, SP466234
Incertae sedis
Trichaptum sector (Ehrenb.) Kreisel SP445971, SP466084
Trechisporales
Hydnodontaceae Jülich
Trechispora regularis (Murrill) Liberta SP466193, SP466224, SP466226
Figure 1-13. Fresh basidiomata. 1-3. Antrodiella luteocontexta. 4. Ceriporiopsis avilutea. 5. Dichomitus campestris. 6. Diplomitoporus
navisporus. 7-8. Flaviporus venustus. 9. Grammothele fuligo. 10. Oxyporus latemarginatus. 11. Postia subcaesia. 12. Postia tephroleuca.
13. Postia undosa. Scale bar = 1 cm.

156 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017
All the 68 collections represent the rst record to
the PESM. An identication key and a table including
the other specimens recorded for the rst time in the
locality are presented (table 1).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the curators of
the herbaria FLOR, PRM, S, SP and URM for the
loan of type or original collections. Authors kindly
acknowledge Instituto Florestal. We are grateful to
Karina Ambrosio Claro for the photo of Flaviporus
venustus. The rst author is grateful to the nancial
support received from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa
do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (2012/25493-7).
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