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The lichens of Poland. A fourth checklist
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This catalogue consists of 1642 lichen species and 19 subspecies belonging
to 333 genera. All the taxa recorded to date on the Polish territory are listed. For
taxa recorded after 2003 and not included to the previous checklist the appropriate
reference is given. If present, contemporary taxonomical revisions of individual
genera and other groups occurring in Poland are also cited. For 286 taxa, whose
names have been changed compared to the previous edition of the checklist, the old
names published there are added as synonyms. The index of Polish names of all
species is also given.
... e genus currently includes about 50 species, of which eight species occur in Poland (Fałtynowicz & Kossowska, 2016). However, the taxon is polyphyletic, so the number may change with some species segregated into other genera (Kondratyuk et al., 2020). ...
... Research by Kubiak and Westberg (2011) showed that at least part of the specimens reported in the past as C. reflexa may belong to C. efflorescens. e need to verify the presence of C. reflexa in Poland through the verification of herbarium specimens or further field research has become obvious (Fałtynowicz & Kossowska, 2016). As a result of numerous inventories of the epiphytic lichen biota of north-eastern Poland, carried out during the last years, fertile specimens of sorediate Candelariella consistent with the currently accepted diagnosis of C. reflexa ( Figure 1) were found (Kubiak & Westberg, 2011;Lendemer & Westberg, 2010;Westberg, 2007), and are presented in this paper. ...
This paper presents new localities of the epiphytic lichen Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau found in NE Poland. The species has been reported in Poland for over two decades, but the progress of research on the taxonomy of this genus requires confirmation of the data by the currently accepted taxonomic approach. The paper also discusses the diagnostic features of the species that help distinguish it from other similar taxa.
... Chemical properties were analysed by standard thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to the method summarised by Orange et al. (2001). The nomenclature of taxa generally followed Fałtynowicz and Kossowska (2016), except for the species: Bacidina mendax (Czarnota and Guzow-Krzemińska 2018), Lecania croatica (Kotlov 2004), Lecanora substerilis (Malíček et. al. 2017), Lecanora stanislai (Guzow-Krzemińska et al. 2017), Lepra sp. ...
... climate) are certainly also important. A total of 320 species of lichens associated with beech have been recorded in Poland so far (Hurtado et al. 2023), which constitutes nearly 20% of the total lichen biota (Fałtynowicz and Kossowska 2016). In some of the areas examined so far, located in the compact range of beech in the lowlands, this phorophyte contains the most species of epiphytic lichens (Schiefelbein et al. 2012), sometimes more than in the case of oak (Wieczorek and Łysko 2012). ...
The article presents the results of a lichenological inventory carried out in the “Tabórz Pine” nature reserve, which protects a unique old-growth forest dominated by Scots pine and European beech. The aim of the research was to document the taxonomic and ecological diversity of the lichen biota in the reserve and, on this basis, determine the role and importance of this site as a refuge for stenoecious forest lichens. In an area of 95.32 ha, 118 species of lichens were found, including 43 species included in the Polish national Red List along with 17 species having the status of lowland old-growth forests in Poland. These values allow the reserve to be included in the group of important forest lichen refuges in north-eastern Poland. The obtained results also prove that mixing tree species with complementary ecological features can modify the functioning of the forest not only in terms of its economic features, but also its ecological role in shaping and protecting the species diversity of forest lichens.
... The cover of the individual species was estimated as a percent using the modified Londo scale intervals (Londo, 1976): 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%-20%, …. , 90%-100%. The nomenclature of the bryophytes (liverworts and mosses) follows Hodgetts et al. (2020), for the lichens, Fałtynowicz and Kossowska (2016) , for vascular plants Mirek et al. (2020). ...
... Opisałem również 9 gatunków chrobotków Cladonia najczęściej znajdowanych na pniach lub u ich nasady. Nazewnictwo gatunków, łacińskie i polskie, przyjąłem za najnowszą listą porostów Polski (Fałtynowicz, Kossowska 2016), według której podałem również liczby gatunków w poszczególnych rodzajach. W niektórych przypadkach zamieściłem też stare, synonimiczne nazwy łacińskie i polskie, pod którymi niektóre gatunki były często wymieniane w wcześniejszych publikacjach bądź w rozporządzeniach i czerwonych listach. ...
... The nomenclature follows Fałtynowicz and Kossowska (2016) for lichens, Klama (2006) for liverworts, Ochyra et al. (2003) for mosses, Mirek et al. (2002) for vascular plants, and Matuszkiewicz (2001) and Kącki et al. (2016) for plant communities. ...
Windthrows lead to the formation of a characteristic land microtopography and they provide new habitats and substrata for species. The present study is novel, because it concerns different taxonomic groups of organisms and effects of various variables on species composition, richness and abundance within root plate-pit-mound (RPM) complexes. For the first time we studied lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on RPM complexes across major vegetation types, from deciduous to coniferous forests. We analyzed 164 RPM complexes which included in total 268 components: 115 root plates, 80 pits and 73 mounds. Besides the vegetation types and component types the following variables were also considered: dimensions (area, size), age (decomposition degree), species of the uprooted tree, shade, and elevation. The research revealed that root plates, pits and mounds had their own indicator species, but the key factors for the species composition were the species of uprooted trees and the vegetation type. Furthermore, the type of component and the vegetation type were also the most main variables determining the richness and abundance of the studied taxonomic groups of species. Analyses revealed the greatest species richness and abundance of lichens on root plates, and the highest richness of liverworts and vascular plants in pits. The type of component had no effect on the species richness of mosses. However, they were most abundant on mounds. The response of individual groups to the vegetation types and other variables varied. Findings from the study indicated that the presence of uprooted trees with different features (size and age, species of uprooted tree) is important for the biodiversity of mountain forests. We recommend leaving uprooted trees in forest communities for natural colonization, preferably large objects. Moreover, in managed forests a mosaic of forest communities that mimic the structure of natural unmanaged forests should be supported.
... Three last foliose species were known from St. Petersburg in 1920 s and early 1930 s from old parks of the Petrodvorets District, faced to the Gulf of Finland (LE; Rassadina, 1930;Minyaev, 1936;Krasnaya…, 2018), but were not registered there later despite intensive investigations. The four species mentioned are currently known as suboceanic; around Baltic Sea, they are distributed mainly in the southwest and west, with eastern parts of their ranges lying in Lithuania, Kaliningrad Region of Russia, and Sweden (Fałtynowicz, Kossowska, 2016;Motiejūnaitė, 2017;Himelbrant et al., 2020Himelbrant et al., , 2022Westberg et al., 2021;Printzen et al., 2022). During the previous lichen inventory in 2004, none of these species was found in Strelninsky Bereg (Kataeva, 2005), as well as Picea glauca was not recorded there in course of the comprehensive complex inventory (Strelninsky…, 2005). ...
The total revealed lichen diversity of Strelninsky Bereg Protected Area includes 130 species, 123 of them are lichenized, four are lichenicolous, and three are non-lichenized saprobic fungi. The lichen biota of Strelninsky Bereg is quite rich, despite extremely small size of the area. The lichen Lecania olivacella is new to Russia. Bacidina pycnidiata, Fellhanera bouteillei, and Lecidella subviridis are new to NorthWestern European Russia. Nine lichen species reported from Strelninsky Bereg are red-listed in St. Petersburg. The reappearance of Leptogium saturninum, which was not recorded in St. Petersburg more than last 90 years, could reflect a decline of atmospheric pollution in the city suburbs. Successful occasional reintroduction of foliose lichens Flavoparmelia caperata, Hypotrachyna revoluta, and Punctelia jeckeri could be possible as a result of modern climate change in the region of St. Petersburg and in the World.
Himelbrant, D., Stepanchikova, I., Andreev, M., Korolev, K., Konoreva, L., Chesnokov, S. & Petrenko, D. 2022. New and noteworthy lichenized and lichen associated fungi from the Kaliningrad region (former Ostpreußen).-Herzogia 35: 475-493.
New and noteworthy records from lichenological fieldwork conducted in 2020 in the southeastern part of the Kaliningrad region (former Ostpreußen) are presented, mainly from Vishtynetsky Nature Park. Altogether 33 species are new to the Kaliningrad region, including Zwackhia sorediifera new to Russia. Lecidella subviridis is new to European Russia outside of the Caucasus. Twelve species, which are rare or protected in the region, are also treated. Most lichen species, also rare and threatened ones, were reported in old-growth broadleaved, mixed spruce-broadleaved, and black alder forests, as well as old-growth broadleaved alleys. In Vishtynetsky Nature Park, pine forests and bogs are also rich in lichens, including rare species and taxa which in neighbouring countries are classified as associated with forests of high conservation value. Protected sites play an important role in maintaining the natural habitats and the biodiversity of the Kaliningrad region, however, many valuable forests are still threatened by logging and deserve protection.
Zusammenfassung: Himelbrant, D., Stepanchikova, I., Andreev, M., Korolev, K., Konoreva, L., Chesnokov, S. & Petrenko, D. 2022. Mehr Flechten und verwandte Pilze für das Kaliningrader Gebiet (ehemaliges Ostpreußen).-Herzogia 35: 475-493. Es werden Ergebnisse lichenologischer Feldarbeiten vorgestellt, die im Jahr 2020 im Südosten der Region Kaliningrad (ehemaliges Ostpreußen) durchgeführt wurden, hauptsächlich im Naturpark Wischtynezki. Insgesamt 33 Arten werden zum ersten Mal für das Gebiet Kaliningrad gemeldet, darunter Zwackhia sorediifera neu für Russland. Lecidella subviridis ist neu für den europäischen Teil des europäischen Russlands außerhalb des Kaukasus. Zwölf weitere Arten werden behandelt, die in der Region selten, geschützt, oder Indikatoren für biologisch wertvolle Wälder sind. Die artenreichsten und für Flechten wertvollsten Habitate in der Region sind alte Laubwälder, gemischte Fichten-Laubwälder und Schwarzerlenwälder sowie die alten Laubbaumalleen. Im Naturpark Wischtynezki sind auch die Kiefernwälder und Moore reich an Flechten, einschließlich seltener und in den Nachbarländern als Indikatoren von "Wäldern von hohem biologischem Wert" angesehener Arten. Naturschutzgebiete spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erhaltung des natürlichen Lebensraums und der biologischen Vielfalt des Kaliningrader Gebiets, aber viele wertvolle Wälder sind nach wie vor von Abholzung bedroht und benötigen Schutz.
Streszczenie
W publikacji przedstawiono nowe stanowiska 39 gatunków porostów oraz 10 grzybów naporostowych (te ostatnie oznaczono gwiazdką), które są zagrożone w Polsce lub rzadkie w kraju lub regionie. Didymocyrtis epiphyscia s. l. jest podawany poraz pierwszy z obszaru Polski. W zamieszczonych wykazach stanowisk, obok współrzędnych geograficznych, podano kwadraty siatki ATPOL, zmodyfikowanej na potrzeby Atlasu rozmieszczenia geograficznego porostów w Polsce (wydawnictwo Instytutu Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, 1993) przez Cieślińskiego i Fałtynowicza. Poza wykazem stanowisk, przy każdym z gatunków zamieszczono dane na temat ich cech diagnostycznych oraz rozmieszczenia w Polsce.
Key message
In order to preserve the continuity of epiphytic and epixylic cryptogamic flora, two things are essential: maintaining the near-natural character of a forest community in relation to the montane zonation and more sustainable forest management in relation to deadwood.
Context
Lichens and bryophytes are common species that inhabit dead wood. The relationship between their habitat requirements, which can be expressed by their Ellenberg indicator values and the characteristics of dead logs, are not yet known.
Aims
We formulated the hypothesis that altitude is positively correlated with the demands of species for higher light and lower temperature, while the decomposition stage of deadwood is positively correlated with species’ requirements for nutrients and moisture. Moreover, we assumed that there would be differences in the habitat requirements among specific groups of species, i.e., lichens, liverworts, and mosses.
Methods
A total of 629 logs that were colonized by bryophytes and lichens were analyzed in terms of their mean Ellenberg indicator values in order to determine whether there is a link between the location, decomposition of logs and the species’ environmental requirements.
Results
Altitude correlated with the moisture and nutrients in the habitats of liverworts and mosses and light and soil acidification only in mosses.
Conclusions
The obtained results demonstrate that the altitudinal distribution of epixylic species in a montane region is of greater importance than the deadwood properties like decomposition stage and moisture content.
em>Bacidia fuscoviridis and Bacidina brandii , two lichen-forming fungi, are reported from Poland. Bacidia fuscoviridis , previously known from only one locality in Poland, has been found in several ranges of Western Carpathians on natural rocks as well as on hydrotechnic constructions. The only published collection of Bacidina brandii from Poland was re-examined, and determined as Bacidina sulphurella . In addition to the author’s recent collections, which are new to the Carpathians, B. brandii has been discovered several times in some Polish herbaria in materials labelled as Bacidina phacodes . Illustrated descriptions and taxonomic, ecological, and distributional notes are provided for both species.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Lecanora rupicola group based on combined nITS rDNA and β-tubulin sequences and a combined dataset of ITS, β-tubulin and partial sequences of polyketide synthase genes reveals a previously unrecognized species, which here is introduced under the name Lecanora bicinctoidea. The new species is a sister group of the L. swartzii complex (including L. swartzii and L. lojkaeana), which is characterized by eucorticate ascomata, and a morphological diversity that includes also a dwarf-fruticose lineage. The preferential occurrence on vertical to overhanging siliceous rocks corresponds more closely to L. swartzii. A detailed investigation of phenotypic characters reveals that the new species differs from the superficially similar morphospecies L. bicincta in several ways, such as a thallus of comparatively small areoles and broadly sessile ascomata and the development of an amphithecial cortex devoid of algal remnants (i.e. an eucortex). L. bicinctoidea contains methyl 3α-hydroxy-4-O-demethylbarbatate, a chemical compound not known from other members of the L. rupicola group. We also discuss the importance of eucortex formation as one of several factors that are involved in the evolution of substrate-detached thallus structures.
Aspicilia goettweigensis is a poorly known species from xerothermic siliceous rocks in Europe. It is considered to be common in the Czech Republic and it is new to Hungary and Russia. The main diagnostic character is formation of cracked popcorn-like areoles in central parts of thalli. Analysis of nrITS sequences revealed its close relationship to Aspicilia subdepressa and A. volcanica. TLC revealed stictic acid in analysed A. goettweigensis samples, and we provide a key for non-lobate Aspicilia with stictic acid known from Europe.
Kanigowski, P., Flakus, A., Oset, M., Kowalewska, A., Rykaczewki, M., & Kukwa, M. 2016. The lichen family Parmeliaceae in Poland. Xanthoparmelia species containing usnic acid. — Herzogia 29: 108–119.
In a study of the Xanthoparmelia species containing usnic acid in Poland, six taxa have been recognized. Xanthoparmelia plittii is new to Poland. Some of the material is referred to as X. aff. cumberlandia. Xanthoparmelia conspersa is the most common species of the group in Poland (c. 67% of all records). Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla is widespread, but less common (c. 20% of all records). The remaining Xanthoparmelia taxa in Poland, i.e. X. aff. cumberlandia, X. mougeotii, X. plittii and X. stenophylla, are rare or very rare in the country. The distribution and threat status of all taxa, their habitat requirements, morphology and secondary chemistry are discussed and notes on similar taxa are made.
Gyalecta peziza (MONT.) ANZI, extremely rare species in whole Carpathians range, is reported for the first time from the Polish Tatry Mts. The species is new to Poland. Morphology and ecology of Polish populations are characterized.
The correct spelling of the name for the lichen often known as Usnea "dasypoga" is shown to be Usnea dasopoga. Usnea filipendula is treated as a synonym of Usnea dasopoga.