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... To this list must be added Sargassum pyriforme C. Agardh, which according to Papenfuss (notes, reported by Silva et al., 1996) had been misapplied to S. telephifolium var. natalense by Krauss (1846) and Barton (1893). Our morphological examination of relevant types (see Table 1) confirmed that S. pyriforme doesn't occur in South Africa, and agrees with the possible misidentification. ...
... Von Suhr (1834); 4) VonSuhr (1840); 5) Drège (1843); 6)Krauss (1846); 7) J. Agardh (1848); 8) Kützing (1861); 9) Grunow (1868); 10)Barton (1893); 11)Grunow (1915); 12)Grunow (1916); 13)Juel (1918); 14)Delf and Michell (1921); 15)Stephenson et al. (1937); 16)Papenfuss (1940); 17) Setchell inBørgesen (1941); 18)Stephenson (1944); 19)Stephenson (1948); 20)Papenfuss (1952); 21)Isaac (1957); 22)Isaac and Chamberlain (1958); 23)Seagrief (1984); 24)Bolton and Stegenga (1987); 25)Bolton and Stegenga (1990); 26)Jackelman et al. (1991); 27)Farrell et al. (1993); 28)Silva et al. (1996); 29)Stegenga et al. (1997); 30)Schils et al. (2001); 31) DeClerck et al. (2005). ...
A total of 27 different Sargassum epithets are listed in the literature for South Africa. The main aim of our study was to revise this species list using newly collected specimens in order to provide a reliable and illustrated tool for the identification of South African Sargassum. Based on morphological and molecular analyses of the nuclear ITS2, chloroplastic partial RuBisCO operon and mitochondrial cox3 and 23S, we identified a total of seven taxa including two new records (*) for South Africa: Sargassum elegans, Sargassum cymosum var. scabriusculum, Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum ilicifolium var. acaraeocarpum*, Sargassum incisifolium, Sargassum obovatum and, Sargassum polycystum*. As a result of our taxonomic revision, we conclude that a number of the species listed in the literature for South Africa were misapplied or not current and we propose five new taxonomic synonyms. We provide an exhaustive list of the Sargassum species present in South Africa, a key for identification and detailed illustrations.
... Gottsche et al. (1844Gottsche et al. ( -1847 confirmed the presence of F. pusilla Nees and described F. crispa Nees from Promontorio Bonae Spei. Krauss (1846) reported F. angulosa 'in rupibus rivulor montium natalensium'. Mitten (1878) described F. tumida collected by the Rev. A.E. Eaton at the foot of Lion's Head and endorsed the records of F. crispa and F. leucoxantha from localities near Cape Town. ...
Three new species of Fossombronia from Northern Province, Gauteng and Mpumalanga (formerly Transvaal) are described: F. gemmifera, F. glenii and F. straussiana. F. gemmifera is distinguished by a highly convoluted pseudoperianth, the frequent presence of gemmae produced dorsally on the stem, lamellate spores and mostly rather short elaters; F. glenii can be recognized by a smallish, deeply lobed pseudoperianth, perigonial bracts with finger-like projections shielding the antheridia and by spinous spores; F. straussiana is distinct by its hyaline or brownish rhizoids, by its dense, frilly leaves, its pseudoperianth with lamellate lateral outgrowths, by spore ornamentation that usually has inclusions in the incomplete areolae and by the elaters which are finely papillose.
... This species has been reduced to a synonym of G. canaliculata (Silva 1996), hence prior references (Brown andJarman 1978, Seagrief 1980) to G. crassa in South Africa would now refer to G. canaliculata. Krauss's [1846; as Chondrus aeruginosus (Turner) Lamour.] and Barton's [1893; as Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente) Harv.] listing of G. foliifera forma aeruginosa are the only reports for this species in South Africa. There have been no subsequent descriptions, and this species was not encountered during this study. ...
Southern Africa has an extremely rich and diverse seaweed flora with a wide variety of marine habitats. Increased commercial interest in these seaweed resources has been the stimulus for biodiversity studies. The Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta) has emerged as one of the families that possess economic potential as a source of agar and as a potential feed for abalone. A lack of knowledge concerning the taxonomic status of many members of this family is a concern. Gross morphological characters have been the main means of identification and incorrect applications have led to a number of misidentifications. Consequently, a comprehensive reappraisal and revision of these species was carried out. The species count for the South African Gracilariaceae is now two Gracilariopsis species, and nine Gracilaria species. Gracilaria crassa has been reduced to a synonym of G. canaliculata. It is believed that G. foliifera was erroneously identified and specimens in South Africa referred to as G. millardetii and G. protea are assigned to G. corticata. South African Gracilariopsis, previously referred to as Gs. lemaneiformis, is confirmed to be conspecific with European Gs. longissima. This species occurs along the west and south coasts of South Africa, co-existing in a few habitats with G. gracilis. The taxonomic identity of G. vieillardii specimens from South Africa and the differentiation of G. canaliculata and G. salicornia has been confirmed based on morphology. Three species of Gracilaria (G. aculeata, G. beckeri and G. capensis) are endemic or near endemic to the South African coast, and a fourth species, G. denticulata is localised in southeast Africa.
... This species has been reduced to a synonym of G. canaliculata (Silva 1996), hence prior references (Brown andJarman 1978, Seagrief 1980) to G. crassa in South Africa would now refer to G. canaliculata. Krauss's [1846; as Chondrus aeruginosus (Turner) Lamour.] and Barton's [1893; as Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente) Harv.] listing of G. foliifera forma aeruginosa are the only reports for this species in South Africa. There have been no subsequent descriptions, and this species was not encountered during this study. ...
Southern Africa has an extremely rich and diverse seaweed flora with a wide variety of marine habitats. Increased commercial interest in these seaweed resources has been the stimulus for biodiversity studies. The Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta) has emerged as one of the families that possess economic potential as a source of agar and as a potential feed for abalone. A lack of knowledge concerning the taxonomic status of many members of this family is a concern. Gross morphological characters have been the main means of identification and incorrect applications have led to a number of misidentifications. Consequently, a comprehensive reappraisal and revision of these species was carried out. The species count for the South African Gracilariaceae is now two Gracilariopsis species, and nine Gracilaria species. Gracilaria crassa has been reduced to a synonym of G. canaliculata. It is believed that G. foliifera was erroneously identified and specimens in South Africa referred to as G. millardetii and G. protea are assigned to G. corticata. South African Gracilariopsis, previously referred to as Gs. lemaneiformis, is confirmed to be conspecific with European Gs. longissima. This species occurs along the west and south coasts of South Africa, co-existing in a few habitats with G. gracilis. The taxonomic identity of G. vieillardii specimens from South Africa and the differentiation of G. canaliculata and G. salicornia has been confirmed based on morphology. Three species of Gracilaria (G. aculeata, G. beckeri and G. capensis) are endemic or near endemic to the South African coast, and a fourth species, G. denticulata is localised in southeast Africa.
This article reviews the nomenclature of 56 names of the genus Celtis, 54 of which are native to the African continent and two natives of the Asian continent. Of these 56 names, 33 are lectotypified here. Epitypes are designated for C. africana and C. holtzii. A neotype is designated for C. toka. More than 200 types were located, most of which were previously unknown.
Bisexual (occasionally unisexual), annual herbs, geophytes, shrubs or small trees, often succulents with cylindrical stem and branches, sometimes with spines developing from tips of branches or from sterile short-shoots on branches. Leaves alternate or spirally arranged, obovate to lanceolate and often reduced to minute rudiments, mostly deciduous and often rapidly caducous, often arising on raised tubercles (these often arranged in rows or joined into angles); stipules occasionally present and glandular or filiform. Synflorescences in axils of tubercles towards apices of stem and branches or terminal on peduncle, peduncles usually simple, often with alternating or opposite bracts arising on small tubercles, bracts often differently shaped from leaves and sometimes larger just beneath cyathium, further peduncles with terminal cyathia occasionally developing from axils of uppermost bracts. Cyathia bisexual or unisexual (then males larger than females); glands 4–5, usually elliptic and flat with entire, crenulate, pectinate or deeply toothed outer margins, marginal teeth sometimes differently coloured, finger-like and sometimes branched, without petaloid appendages; male florets almost always with pubescent pedicels. Capsule obtusely 3-lobed to spherical, smooth to verrucose, glabrous to pilose, 2.5–12 mm diam., sessile to exserted, dehiscing explosively. Seeds 3 per capsule, 4-angled to ellipsoidal or ± spherical, smooth to tuberculate, ecarunculate.
Bisexual (sometimes unisexual), annual herbs, succulent shrubs with slender cylindrical stem and branches (rarely with spines developing from tips of branches), rarely geophytes or small trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, ovate to lanceolate and sometimes reduced to minute caducous rudiments, rarely arising on raised tubercles (these irregularly arranged along branches); small stipules often present and glandular or filiform. Synflorescences in axils of leaves towards apices of stem and branches or terminal on peduncle, peduncles usually simple, often with alternating or opposite bracts often differently shaped from leaves and sometimes larger just beneath cyathium, further peduncles with terminal cyathia rarely developing from axils of uppermost bracts. Cyathia bisexual or unisexual (then males larger than females); glands 4–5, usually elliptic and flat with entire, crenulate or few-toothed outer margins, sometimes with petaloid appendages; male florets with glabrous or pubescent pedicels. Capsule obtusely 3-lobed, smooth, glabrous to pubescent, 2–10 mm diam., sessile to exserted, dehiscing explosively. Seeds 3 per capsule, 4-angled to ellipsoidal or oblong, smooth to tuberculate, with or without caruncle.
No preserved material has been found of this species and it is difficult to be sure whether it falls under E. ferox or E. pulvinata or refers to the intermediates between them that occur widely over the eastern Karoo. It is therefore left among the names of uncertain application.
Ulva nematoidea Bory is a currently accepted species distributed in the south eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Chile. Its identity however remains unknown because no DNA sequences have been obtained from the type specimen. To determine its identity and taxonomic status, we performed high-throughput sequencing on a fragment of the lectotype specimen of U. nematoidea. Genetic analyses of the rbcL, tufA and nuclear ITS DNA found that U. nematoidea is identical in sequence to U. lactuca L. These results indicate that U. nematoidea is a synonym of U. lactuca and further highlight the need for sequencing additional type specimens of Ulva L.
Fragilaria atomus was described from a brackish water lagoon in southern Finland and has subsequently been reported from several localities worldwide. However, due to its small size, it can be easily mistaken with other small, morphologically similar araphid diatoms. To clarify the morphological, metric and structural features of the species, lectotype material from BRM (Hustedt's diatom collection) and specimens from salt marshes in Brazil were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Fragilaria atomus is compared to seven morphologically similar taxa belonging to Fragilaria, Stauroforma and Psammoneis. The results revealed that some important features of Fragilaria (discoid closing plates, rimoportulae and spines) are not present in F. atomus. The absence of these structures, together with the opposite striation pattern, round areolae, features of the apical pore field, and reduced or absent sternum, suggest that a transfer of F. atomus to Stauroforma is appropriate. The distribution and ecology of F. atomus is discussed.
Species of Ulva Linnaeus are nearly impossible to identify using morpho-anatomy due to their simple thallus structure and phenotypic plasticity. The current solution to this problem is to sequence DNA from field-collected specimens and match these sequences to those available in public DNA databases. However, because type specimens of many species have not been sequenced, the accuracy of these identifications is highly doubtful. Ulva rigida C.Agardh is reported to be one of the most widespread and ecologically important Ulva species, but these records are based on either morpho-anatomy or, more recently, on DNA sequences. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed on the lectotype specimen of U. rigida from Cádiz, Spain to determine the correct application of the name. The analysis yielded its complete plastid genome. rbcL, tufA and ITS sequences from the lectotype specimen differed at the species level from all U. rigida sequences deposited in public databases. Instead, the lectotype sequences of U. rigida were identical or very similar to sequences identified as U. rotundata Bliding (referred to by some as U. pseudorotundata Cormaci, G.Furnari & Alongi) from Ireland and Portugal, but not to the holotype of U. rotundata from Italy, which was identical to U. lactuca L. HTS of the lectotype of U. lacinulata (Kützing) Wittrock from Lesina, Croatia, a species morphologically similar to U. rigida with macroscopic marginal teeth, also yielded a complete plastid genome, with sequences identical or highly similar to GenBank U. armoricana Dion, Reviers & Coat, U. ‘laetevirens’, U. ‘rigida’ and U. scandinavica Bliding. Since U. lacinulata is the oldest validly published name, it is the correct one to apply to the globally distributed species that was previously but incorrectly known as U. rigida. Based on this genetic evidence, U. rigida is restricted to European waters and confirmed by DNA sequences from Ireland, Portugal and Spain. This analysis shows that many barcode species identifications and taxonomic conclusions in the genus Ulva are incorrect.
Two American species of moss, Ephemerum homomallum Müll. Hal. (Pottiaceae) and Torrentaria aquatica (A. Jaeger) Ochyra (Brachytheciaceae), are reported as new to Africa, based on collections from the Limpopo and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, respectively. These discoveries changed the phytogeographical status of both species, which now belong to the Afro-American distribution element. Global geographical ranges of these two species are reviewed and mapped, and the amphiatlantic distribution pattern of mosses is briefly summarized. A history of the muscological exploration of southern Africa is briefly considered and recent additions to the moss flora of this area are reviewed.
Most studies of bryophytes in Brazil have focused on the Atlantic and Amazon forests, leaving the Caatinga as the biome least bryologically studied in the country. A bryofloristic survey of Serra da Capivara National Park was under-taken to analyze species richness, the distribution of species among Brazilian biomes, and the geographic distribution of species. A total of 450 samples of 62 species were collected, representing 48 mosses, 13 hepatics, and one hornwort. The resulting species list includes 22 new records for the Caatinga, 34 new records for the state of Piauí, and two for the Northeast Region of Brazil. About 60% (37 spp.) of the species have broad distributions in Brazil while 13 have moderate distributions and 12 are considered restricted. The results reinforce the importance of floristic inventories in Brazil and the maintenance of Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara as an area for the conservation of bryophytes.
This is a working documet to update our 2005 version already published
Bryophyte diversity in tropical forests is closely related to elevation. A survey was undertaken of the bryoflora of a poorly known cloud forest environment from 1,000 to 1,500 m.a.s. in Pico do Marumbi State Park, state of Paraná,
Brazil. The aim was to analyze the geographical range of the bryoflora and significance of this elevational zone to bryophyte diversity. We found 364 bryophyte species, including 187 species of mosses, 175 liverworts and two hornworts. This diversity represents 40% of the bryoflora of Paraná and 24% of that of Brazil. Forty-one Brazilian endemic species were found, representing a highly relevant feature for the preservation of the area. These results emphasize the importance of Pico do Marumbi State Park to the conservation of bryophyte diversity and to understanding the species of the state of Paraná, as well as demonstrating the importance of bryophyte surveys in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil.
Norris, James N., Luis E. Aguilar-Rosas, and Francisco F. Pedroche. Conspectus of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Gulf of California: Rhodophyta, Phaeophyceae, and Chlorophyta. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 106, vi +125 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 1 appendix, 2017. — The present treatment constitutes an undated, annotated, systematic review of red, brown, and green benthic marine algae of the Gulf of California, Mexico, using the currently accepted taxon names, with the date and place of valid publication, type locality, and north to south distribution in the Gulf. The systematic list contains 730 species recognized in the Gulf of California, including 490 species of Rhodophyta, 112 species of Phaeophyceae, and 128 species of Chlorophyta. Among the previously recorded marine algae, 39 species are considered uncertain records or to have uncertain taxonomic status, the selection of a lectotype for Gracilaria hancockii resolves its taxonomic status, 3 combinations are made for recognized varieties of Caulerpa chemnitzia, and 15 species are excluded
from the Gulf of California marine flora. The geographical distribution range of each species is given from its northernmost to southernmost locales within three regions the Gulf of California: the east coast of the Gulf (states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco), the west coast of the Gulf (states of Baja California and Baja California Sur), the islands of the Gulf, including the Islas Grandes (=Islas de la Cintura; Midriff Islands), and islands of the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco. Remarks, where appropriate, are included on taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology, and/or distribution with the taxon .s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o b o t a n y • n u m b e r 1 0 6
The present treatment constitutes an undated, annotated, systematic review of red, brown, and green benthic marine algae of the Gulf of California, Mexico, using the currently accepted taxon names, with the date and place of valid publication, type locality, and north to south distribution in the Gulf. The systematic list contains 730 species recognized in the Gulf of California, including 490 species of Rhodophyta, 112 species of Phaeophyceae, and 128 species of Chlorophyta. Among the previously recorded marine algae, 39 species are considered uncertain records or to have uncertain taxonomic status, the selection of a lectotype for Gracilaria hancockii resolves its taxonomic status, 3 combinations are made for recognized varieties of Caulerpa chemnitzia, and 15 species are excluded from the Gulf of California marine flora. The geographical distribution range of each species is given from its northernmost to southernmost locales within three regions the Gulf of California: the east coast of the Gulf (states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco), the west coast of the Gulf (states of Baja California and Baja California Sur), the islands of the Gulf, including the Islas Grandes (=Islas de la Cintura; Midriff Islands), and islands of the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco. Remarks, where appropriate, are included on taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology, and/or distribution with the taxon.
The present treatment constitutes an undated, annotated, systematic review of red, brown, and green benthic marine algae of the Gulf of California, Mexico, using the currently accepted taxon names, with the date and place of valid publication, type locality, and north to south distribution in the Gulf. The systematic list contains 730 species recognized in the Gulf of California, including 490 species of Rhodophyta, 112 species of Phaeophyceae, and 128 species of Chlorophyta. Among the previously recorded marine algae, 39 species are considered uncertain records or to have uncertain taxonomic status, the selection of a lectotype for Gracilaria hancockii resolves its taxonomic status, 3 combinations are made for recognized varieties of Caulerpa chemnitzia, and 15 species are excluded from the Gulf of California marine flora. The geographical distribution range of each species is given from its northernmost to southernmost locales within three regions the Gulf of California: the east coast of the Gulf (states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco), the west coast of the Gulf (states of Baja California and Baja California Sur), the islands of the Gulf, including the Islas Grandes (=Islas de la Cintura; Midriff Islands), and islands of the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and northern Jalisco. Remarks, where appropriate, are included on taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology, and/or distribution with the taxon.
Taxonomic notes on Aristea (Aristeoideae) in tropical and eastern southern Africa.
The taxonomy of the white-flowered species of Isoglossa Oerst. in southern Africa is reviewed. Morphology and indumentum of bracts and calyces, micromorphology of pollen and seeds, flowering times and distribution are documented. Several names are subsumed: Isoglossa densa N.E.Br. and Isoglossa sylvatica C.B.Clarke under Isoglossa ciliata (Nees) Lindau; Isoglossa grantii C.B.Clarke and Rhytiglossa glandulosa Hochst. under Isoglossa woodii C.B.Clarke; Isoglossa bolusii C.B.Clarke under Isoglossa macowanii C.B.Clarke; and Isoglossa eckloniana (Nees) Lindau under Isoglossa origanoides (Nees) Lindau. Two new species, Isoglossa pondoensis K. Balkwill and Isoglossa gracilenta K. Balkwill, are described.
We propose a new generic classification of the African Restionaceae, tribe Restioneae (subfamily Restionoideae), based on the phylogeny and on extensive morphological data. The phylogeny is based on both plastid sequence data and morphological data. We delimit the genera to be monophyletic, to minimize the nomenclatural changes, and to maximize the ability to diagnose the genera. We recognize eight genera, one of which with nine subgenera, in the tribe. Of the currently accepted genera, only three need changes. We provide descriptions for all genera and subgenera, and include a key to them. In this paper we erect one new genus, Soroveta. redelimit Platycaulos and Restio, and reduce Calopsis and Ischyrolepis to synonomy under Restio. We list the species which we recognize under each genus, make 37 new combinations, propose eight new names, and also describe eight new species that belong in these genera.
A taxonomic revision of all native Myrtaceae genera (Eugenia L. and Syzygium Gaertn.) of the Comoros is presented based on herbarium specimens and molecular and palynological evidence. Eight native species are recognised, seven of which are endemic to the archipelago. We describe the following five new native species: Eugenia choungiensis, Eugenia pascalia, Syzygium comorense, S. labatii, and S. tringiensis. Lobed stigmas are reported for the first time in Eugenia and only the second time in Myrtaceae. Androdioecy is reported in Eugenia for the first time outside of continental Africa, and its reproductive system is discussed in light of our findings. Preliminary conservation assessments for each native species are calculated according to IUCN Red L¬ist criteria, with the majority being threatened with extinction. Recent fieldwork coupled with widespread habitat conversion in the vicinity of the only known specimen suggests strongly that S. humblotii is now extinct.
The Gulf of California is an area characterized by a high diversity and abundance of seaweeds. There are a large number of endemic, economically or ecologically relevant and little studied species. However, until now, detailed reports of species in the Gulf of California are lacking. Our aim is to provide a revised list of green macroalgae species in the region. Our deep analysis revealed 169 species have been cited in the region, but only 124 are confirmed as valid species. The available catalog also includes their current known distribution in the area and taxonomic status. The taxonomic boundaries of many species are not clear and suggests the need for modern studies that include monographic and molecular work. The comparisons with recent catalogs from the Mexican Pacific (178 in Pedroche et al. 2005) and Northern Gulf of California (63 in Norris 2010) suggest that the Gulf of California, as a whole, has a higher diversity of green algae than other does nearby areas along the Eastern Pacific.
The first comprehensive study of the marine algal flora of Namibia including descriptions and illustrations of most species is presented. The main objective of this work is to report a flora that, until now, has scarcely been studied. The work compiles all the available information on the marine benthic flora of Namibia and provides new data about it composition and biogeography, as well as detailed descriptions and remarks of most of its species. The samples on which this study is based were collected between 1986 and 1989 in the eulittoral and the upper sublittoral zones of the north half of the Namibian coast. According to the present data, the marine benthic flora of Namibia comprises 196 taxa (147 Rhodophyceae, 20 Phaeophyceae, 15 Ulvophyceae, 6 Cladophorophyceae and 8 Bryopsidophyceae), 21 of which has not been recorded from this coasts. This temperate flora is mainly characterized by a low number of species, a low proportion of Phaeophyceae and a high degree of endemism. Concerning the species number, the flora is quite poor due to both the scarce availability of colonizable substratum and the low diversity of habitats. On the other hand, the low proportion of Phaeophyceae is the reason for which the R/P and (R+C)/P ratios take disproportionately high values and so they are not useful in this geographical area. As regards the degree of endemism, the marine benthic flora of Namibia includes quite a high number of taxa endemic to southern Africa (55 taxa; 28.1% of the flora); 25 of these 55 taxa (12.8% of the flora) are endemic to the biogeographic Benguela Marine Province and only Acrosorium cincinnatum is endemic to the Namibian coasts.
Brief notes on the origin of the scientific names of all the Rhus species recognized in the recent revision of the genus (Moffett 1993) are given, as well as a complete list of common names for each species. Recommendations are also made on those species which should he added to or removed from the National list of indigenous trees.
Lindenberg (1836) regarded and published Riccia stricta as a variety of R. fluitans L. Subsequently, Nees (1838) and Gottsche et al. (1846) also treated it as a variety. Trevisan (1877) raised its rank and published the epithet, Ricciella stricta Trevis.Ricciella is, however, regarded as a subgenus; Ricciella stricta is, therefore, transferred to Riccia stricta (Lindenb.) Perold.It is described in detail and illustrated. R. purpurascens Lehm. & Lindenb., a related endemic species, is also more fully described than before and illustrated. R. fluitans L. apparently does not occur naturally in southern Africa. As far as is known, a single local specimen of it was introduced.
A taxonomic account of the genus, Targionia. and its only representative in southern Africa, the almost cosmopolitan T. hypophylla, is given here. Much more southern African and other material, than was available to the previous authors. Sim (1926) and Amell (1963) has been examined. Material collected at Knysna by Duthie was identified by Amell (1963) as Cyathodium foetidissimum. but is shown to have been misidentified and is actually a specimen of Riccia rubricollis. The presence of the genus, Cyathodium in southern Africa, has not been confirmed.
Types have been located for most of the 185 species of Euphorbia L. that are known to occur naturally in southern Africa and also for most of their synonyms. Lectotypes or neotypes are selected where possible for those names for which a holotype cannot be found. The synonymy largely follows previous accounts and reasons are given where new synonymy is proposed. Euphorbia hultonae N.E.Br, is reinstated at the level of species and E. franksiae var. zuluensis A.C.White et al. is raised to the level of species as E. gerstneriana Bruyns, nom. nov. A new name, E. radyeri Bruyns, is provided for the rhizomatous plants previously referred to as E. caerulescens Haw., which is synonymous with E. ledienii A.Berger.
A taxonomic revision of subg. Tricalysia sect. Tricalysia (c. 40 species) and sect. Rosea (7 species) is given. The general part gives a survey of the history of the groups concerned, provides general morphological (and some anatomical) information (habit, domatia, colleters, flower and fruit characters, seed-coat anatomy, palynology etc.) and discusses the chorological aspects. The taxonomic part gives keys to and complete treatments of the species (synonymies, descriptions, distributional data, critical notes, etc.). New species are described as well from the rain forests of Gabon and/or Cameroun (T. vadensis, T. amplexicaulis, T. fangana, T. sylvae), Zaire (T. yangambiensis) and Tanzania (T. pedicellata), as from Zambezian vegetation types (Tanzania: T. velutina, T. schliebenii; Zaire/Shaba and/or Zambia: T. repens, T. zambesiaca). Moreover, many new infraspecific taxa are shown to need recognition. Of the many taxonomic changes resulting from the revision, the following are the most noteworthy: the merging of the two Zambezian species T. nyassae and T. myrtifolia into the synonymy of Guineo-Congolian species, resp. T. coriacea and T. pallens and a redefinition of the taxa belonging to the Zambezian T. angolensis and the South African T. capensis complex. /// Une révision systématique de Tricalysia subg. Tricalysia sect. Tricalysia (env. 40 espèces) et sect. Rosea (7 espèces) est donnée. La partie générale donne un aperçu de l'histoire des groupes concernés et des renseignements morphologiques (en partie aussi anatomiques: port, domaties, colletères, structure de la fleur et du fruit, anatomie du tégument séminal, palynologie, etc.) et discute des aspects chorologiques. La partie taxonomique donne les clefs de détermination et les traitements complets des espèces (synonymies, descriptions, distributions, notes critiques, etc.). Des espèces nouvelles existent aussi bien dans les forêts équatoriales du Gabon et du Cameroun (T. vadensis, T. amplexicaulis, T. fangana, T. sylvae), du Zaïre (T. yangambiensis) et de Tanzanie (T. pedicellata), que dans des types de végétation zambéziens en Tanzanie (T. velutina, T. schliebenii), au Zaïre (Shaba) et en Zambie (T. repens, T. zambesiaca). De plus, beaucoup de nouveaux taxons infraspécifiques sont reconnus. Beaucoup de changements taxonomiques résultent de cette révision, entre autres la mise en synonymie des espèces zambéziennes T. nyassae et T. myrtifolia avec les espèces guinéo-congolaises T.
The first Australia-wide monograph of Amphiroa (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on the morphological-anatomical species concept has confirmed the occurrence of nine species (A. anceps, A. beauvoisii, A. crassa, A. exilis, A. foliacea, A. fragilissima, A. gracilis, A. klochkovana, A. tribulus) and provides a basis for future molecular-systematics studies. A comparative analysis of 285 specimens from 121 localities, along with type material examinations, yielded clear evidence that nine characters associated with the vegetative system and tetrasporangial conceptacles were diagnostically significant at species level. Detailed accounts of each species are presented, along with an identification key, data on type specimens, species comparisons and biogeographic notes. A. foliacea is epitypified. Brief accounts of 34 additional taxa reported from Australia and at some stage ascribed to Amphiroa are included. Galaxaura versicolor and Amphiroa galaxauroides are heterotypic synonyms of A. anceps; recognition of A. anastomosans, A. ephedraea and A. nobilis as distinct species requires further evaluation; and A. dilatata and A. gaillonii are species of uncertain status. Amphiroa ephedraea is lectotypified. The remaining 27 names involve nomina nuda, illegitimate names, orthographic variants or taxa now excluded from Amphiroa.
Fragilaria atomus was described from a brackish water lagoon in southern Finland and has subsequently been reported
from several localities worldwide. However, due to its small size, it can be easily mistaken with other small,
morphologically similar araphid diatoms. To clarify the morphological, metric and structural features of the species,
lectotype material from BRM (Hustedt’s diatom collection) and specimens from salt marshes in Brazil were studied
using light and scanning electron microscopy. Fragilaria atomus is compared to seven morphologically similar taxa
belonging to Fragilaria, Stauroforma and Psammoneis. The results revealed that some important features of Fragilaria
(discoid closing plates, rimoportulae and spines) are not present in F. atomus. The absence of these structures, together
with the opposite striation pattern, round areolae, features of the apical pore field, and reduced or absent sternum, suggest
that a transfer of F. atomus to Stauroforma is appropriate. The distribution and ecology of F. atomus is discussed.
Fragilaria atomus was described from a brackish water lagoon in southern Finland and has subsequently been reported from several localities worldwide. However, due to its small size, it can be easily mistaken with other small, morphologically similar araphid diatoms. To clarify the morphological, metric and structural features of the species, lectotype material from BRM (Hustedt's diatom collection) and specimens from salt marshes in Brazil were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Fragilaria atomus is compared to seven morphologically similar taxa belonging to Fragilaria, Stauroforma and Psammoneis. The results revealed that some important features of Fragilaria (discoid closing plates, rimoportulae and spines) are not present in F. atomus. The absence of these structures, together with the opposite striation pattern, round areolae, features of the apical pore field, and reduced or absent sternum, suggest that a transfer of F. atomus to Stauroforma is appropriate. The distribution and ecology of F. atomus is discussed.
A critical review of Acalypha subgenus Linostachys (Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae) worldwide is presented. As a result 28 species, 6 of which were not previously recognized within the subgenus, are accepted and 5 new synonyms are proposed. Comprehensive nomenclatural information is supplied and 16 lectotypes and one neotype are designated. An identification key and geographic information, including a distribution map of the subgenus, are also provided. This is the first treatment of subgenus Linostachys since Pax and Hoffmann’s monograph in 1924.
A total of 69 taxa of subtidal benthic marine algae, including nine new records (Rhodophyceae) for Micronesia, is listed from the Phoenix Islands, Kiribati, Central Pacific. Collections from Nikumaroro, McKean, Kanton, Enderbury, Phoenix, Sydney and Hull Atolls are reported, including 7 Cyanophyceae, 29 Rhodophyceae, 5 Phaeophyceae and 28 Chlorophyceae. This brings to 107 the number of species reported from these islands to date.
A study of Galaxaura (Nemaliales, Chaetangiaceae) from East Africa (especially Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa and Malagasy Republic) and Mauritius has revealed that the following nine taxa are represented: G. diesingiana Zanardini, G. fasciculata Kjellman, G. lapidescens (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux, G. lenta Kjellman, G. marginata (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux, G. oblongata (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux, G. obtusata (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux, G. rugosa (Ellis et Solander) Lamouroux and G. subverticillata Kjellman. The species recognized include seven of the 62 treated by Kjellman in 1900 and two species not treated by him. The nine species encompass 38 species reported by various authors for the region. A key to the species, comments on their morphology, illustrations of their growth habit and structure, and discussions of their taxonomy and nomenclature are presented.
A monographic revision of the Metamastophora (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on inductive and taxometric analyses of data obtained from all relevant type collections and over 500 other specimens has led to the conclusion that the genus is monotypic. Critical assessments of over 60 morphological/anatomical characters including those used previously for diagnostic purposes has failed to reveal any basis upon which taxa can be delineated reliably within the genus. Several taxa hitherto recognized as distinct species represent monstrosities in which the deformities are induced by the presence of particular invertebrates. The generic description is emended to take account of newly obtained data; lectotype specimens are designated; and all pertinent taxonomic and nomenclatural information is summarized. Metamastophora occurs definitely only in southern Australia and southern Africa; other records are doubtful and almost certainly are based on misidentifications. The genus is assigned to the subfamily Lithophylloideae and its relationships to other Corallinaceae are considered.
The marine benthic green macroalgae of the New South Wales mainland and of Lord Howe Island are listed, each with bibliographic, distributional and specimen-voucher details. Included are 113 species in 9 orders, 14 families and 38 genera, of which 12 species are based on New South Wales types. With respect to biodiversity, New South Wales is as rich in numbers of genera and species as southern Australia. Eight genera (Pedobesia, Boodlea, Neomeris, Trichosolen, Ventvicaria, Caulerpella, Pseudochlorodesmis, Sporocladopsis) and 41 species are new records for the State, and 14 species are newly recorded for the Australian continent. The largest genus represented is Cladophora; 22 species are recorded, 13 from Lord Howe Island alone, and 7 are new to Australia (C. cymopoliae, C. colabense, C. dotyana, C. nigrescens, C. ohkuboana, C. patentirainea, C. ryukyuensis). Examination of type and recently collected material of Caulerpa annulata (from Port Arthur, Tasmania) shows it to be synonymous with the earlier Caulerpa hodgkinsoniae (from Ballina, New South Wales).
A catalogue of the marine benthic macroalgae of Fiji is provided. All records are fully referenced, and type localities and local distributions (accompanied by listings of voucher specimens) are provided. Taxonomic notes are also included where appropriate. Records from SUVA-A, UC and BISH examined by the authors, together with updates from recent publications, form the substance of the report. A total of 448 taxa are included, comprising 136 Chlorophyta, 46 Phaeophyta and 266 Rhodophyta. This represents an increase of 116 new records since 1996, of which 39 are newly reported by the authors, and the remainder are recently published records from the Suva Lagoon (29) and the Great Astrolabe Reef and Lagoon (48). Also included are a total of 36 nomenclatural changes made since 1996, a compilation of 33 uncertain records, and a list of 34 species with type localities in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Apart from the far more extensive region of Micronesia, the flora of Fiji is the richest in the south and central Pacific Islands.
Two hundred and ten species of marine algae, seagrasses and cyanobacteria are reported from the Dampier Archipelago, northwestern Western Australia. Included are 114 species of Rhodophyta, 50 species of Chlorophyta, 32 species of Phaeophyceae, 5 species of Cyanophyta and 9 species of seagrasses. This report presents the first detailed account of marine benthic algae from tropical Western Australia. Fifty-seven species are newly recorded for Western Australia, with five species (Codium dwarkense, Dictyota friabilis, Balliella subcorticata, Cottoniella amamiensis, Polysiphonia pentamera) also newly recorded for Australia. The algal flora of the region includes many elements common to tropical areas worldwide.
In anticipation of the publication of full revisions, a diagnosis of a new species of Droguetia is presented together with two new combinations for subspecies of Droguetia iners, a new combination for a species and a variety on Didymodoxa and a new combination for a subspecies of Australina pusilla. The name Elatostema trinerve Hochst. (1845) is shown to be conspecific with and antedate Urera cameroonensis Wedd. (1869). The new combination Urera trinervis is therefore made.
We investigated the reproductive morphology of representative material corresponding to the type species of each of the described genera presently placed in synonymy under Gracilaria. From these observations and published studies of recognized genera, 10 species groups are identified in the Gracilariaceae based on spermatangial type and cystocarp development. Actual or potential generic names are given in brackets after each group: 1) abscissa group (Melanthalia), 2) flabellata group (Curdiea), 3) lemaneiformis group (Gracilariopsis), 4) chilensis group, 5) edulis group (Plocaria/Polycavernosa), 6) urvillei group (Hydropuntia), 7) crassissima group, 8) salicornia group (Corallopsis), 9) gracilis group, and 10) bursa-pastoris group (Gracilaria). Tyleiophora was shown to belong to the bursa-pastoris group. The type species of the parasitic genera Gracilariophila and Congracilaria are closely related to their host species. Species assemblages recognized here based on morphological evidence received moderate to strong bootstrap support in recently published molecular phylogenies. Further studies may show that some groups correspond to genera, whereas others do not merit generic status.
Twelve species of the genus Cladophora occur along the South African East Coast. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented. Four species are recorded for the first time in South Africa: C. catenata, C. vagabunda, C. horii and C. dotyana; the last two are also new records for the Indian Ocean. A comparison of the South African C. rugulosa specimens with specimens of C. prolifera from South Africa and other regions have shown that these species are not synonymous as previously considered, leading to the resurrection of C. rugulosa which is probably a South African endemic.
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